Academic literature on the topic 'Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride'
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Journal articles on the topic "Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride"
1
Schnitzer, Debra Jane, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Alice Branton, and Dahryn Trivedi. "A Comprehensive Analytical Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the Physical, Structural, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Applied Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2017): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.835434.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has an importance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® – Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts – one part was control, while other part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. A significant change of the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks was observed in The Trivedi Effect® treated sample with respect to the control sample. The average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly increased by 41.22% compared with the control sample. The size of the particles at d10, d50, and d90 was increased by 8.33%, 6.27%, and 1.83%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The surface area of the treated sample was decreased by 5.90% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample were at 511 and 507 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that wavelength of the maximum absorbance of both the control and treated samples were at 196.4 and 196.3 nm, respectively. The TGA analysis exhibited that weight loss of the treated sample was reduced by 13.98% and 2.43% in the 1st and 2nd steps of degradation, respectively. Consequently, the DSC analysis revealed that the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the treated sample (489.06°C) was significantly increased by 15.75% compared with the control sample (422.50°C). Moreover, a significant increase in the enthalpy of decomposition was noticed in the treated sample (ΔHdecomp = 131.40 J/g) by 137.10% compared with the control sample (ΔHdecomp = 55.42 J/g). The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect® Treatment might lead to produce a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which could have better powder flowability and thermal stability. The treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride would be very useful to design better nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
2
Pyka, Faith Ann, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Alice Branton, and Dahryn Trivedi. "A Comprehensive Analytical Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the Physical, Structural, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Applied Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2017): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.838825.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has an importance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® – Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts – one part was control, while other part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. A significant change of the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks was observed in The Trivedi Effect® treated sample with respect to the control sample. The average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly increased by 41.22% compared with the control sample. The size of the particles at d10, d50, and d90 was increased by 8.33%, 6.27%, and 1.83%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The surface area of the treated sample was decreased by 5.90% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample were at 511 and 507 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that wavelength of the maximum absorbance of both the control and treated samples were at 196.4 and 196.3 nm, respectively. The TGA analysis exhibited that weight loss of the treated sample was reduced by 13.98% and 2.43% in the 1st and 2nd steps of degradation, respectively. Consequently, the DSC analysis revealed that the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the treated sample (489.06°C) was significantly increased by 15.75% compared with the control sample (422.50°C). Moreover, a significant increase in the enthalpy of decomposition was noticed in the treated sample (ΔHdecomp = 131.40 J/g) by 137.10% compared with the control sample (ΔHdecomp = 55.42 J/g). The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect® Treatment might lead to produce a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which could have better powder flowability and thermal stability. The treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride would be very useful to design better nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
3
Henderson, Sally Jean, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Alice Branton, and Dahryn Trivedi. "A Comprehensive Analytical Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the Physical, Structural, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Applied Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2017): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.846995.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has an importance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® – Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts – one part was control, while other part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. A significant change of the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks was observed in The Trivedi Effect® treated sample with respect to the control sample. The average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly increased by 41.22% compared with the control sample. The size of the particles at d10, d50, and d90 was increased by 8.33%, 6.27%, and 1.83%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The surface area of the treated sample was decreased by 5.90% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample were at 511 and 507 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that wavelength of the maximum absorbance of both the control and treated samples were at 196.4 and 196.3 nm, respectively. The TGA analysis exhibited that weight loss of the treated sample was reduced by 13.98% and 2.43% in the 1st and 2nd steps of degradation, respectively. Consequently, the DSC analysis revealed that the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the treated sample (489.06°C) was significantly increased by 15.75% compared with the control sample (422.50°C). Moreover, a significant increase in the enthalpy of decomposition was noticed in the treated sample (ΔHdecomp = 131.40 J/g) by 137.10% compared with the control sample (ΔHdecomp = 55.42 J/g). The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect® Treatment might lead to produce a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which could have better powder flowability and thermal stability. The treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride would be very useful to design better nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
4
Benson, Sheila Maureen, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Alice Branton, and Dahryn Trivedi. "A Comprehensive Analytical Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the Physical, Structural, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Applied Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2017): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.848383.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has an importance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® – Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts – one part was control, while other part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. A significant change of the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks was observed in The Trivedi Effect® treated sample with respect to the control sample. The average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly increased by 41.22% compared with the control sample. The size of the particles at d10, d50, and d90 was increased by 8.33%, 6.27%, and 1.83%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The surface area of the treated sample was decreased by 5.90% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample were at 511 and 507 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that wavelength of the maximum absorbance of both the control and treated samples were at 196.4 and 196.3 nm, respectively. The TGA analysis exhibited that weight loss of the treated sample was reduced by 13.98% and 2.43% in the 1st and 2nd steps of degradation, respectively. Consequently, the DSC analysis revealed that the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the treated sample (489.06°C) was significantly increased by 15.75% compared with the control sample (422.50°C). Moreover, a significant increase in the enthalpy of decomposition was noticed in the treated sample (ΔHdecomp = 131.40 J/g) by 137.10% compared with the control sample (ΔHdecomp = 55.42 J/g). The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect® Treatment might lead to produce a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which could have better powder flowability and thermal stability. The treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride would be very useful to design better nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
5
Hachfeld, Lorraine Marie, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Alice Branton, and Dahryn Trivedi. "A Comprehensive Analytical Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the Physical, Structural, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Applied Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2017): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.843637.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has an importance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® – Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts – one part was control, while other part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. A significant change of the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks was observed in The Trivedi Effect® treated sample with respect to the control sample. The average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly increased by 41.22% compared with the control sample. The size of the particles at d10, d50, and d90 was increased by 8.33%, 6.27%, and 1.83%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The surface area of the treated sample was decreased by 5.90% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample were at 511 and 507 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that wavelength of the maximum absorbance of both the control and treated samples were at 196.4 and 196.3 nm, respectively. The TGA analysis exhibited that weight loss of the treated sample was reduced by 13.98% and 2.43% in the 1st and 2nd steps of degradation, respectively. Consequently, the DSC analysis revealed that the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the treated sample (489.06°C) was significantly increased by 15.75% compared with the control sample (422.50°C). Moreover, a significant increase in the enthalpy of decomposition was noticed in the treated sample (ΔHdecomp = 131.40 J/g) by 137.10% compared with the control sample (ΔHdecomp = 55.42 J/g). The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect® Treatment might lead to produce a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which could have better powder flowability and thermal stability. The treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride would be very useful to design better nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
6
Gerber, Gary Richard, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Alice Branton, and Dahryn Trivedi. "A Comprehensive Analytical Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the Physical, Structural, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Applied Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2017): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.839947.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has an importance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® – Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts – one part was control, while other part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. A significant change of the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks was observed in The Trivedi Effect® treated sample with respect to the control sample. The average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly increased by 41.22% compared with the control sample. The size of the particles at d10, d50, and d90 was increased by 8.33%, 6.27%, and 1.83%, respectively in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The surface area of the treated sample was decreased by 5.90% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample were at 511 and 507 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that wavelength of the maximum absorbance of both the control and treated samples were at 196.4 and 196.3 nm, respectively. The TGA analysis exhibited that weight loss of the treated sample was reduced by 13.98% and 2.43% in the 1st and 2nd steps of degradation, respectively. Consequently, the DSC analysis revealed that the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the treated sample (489.06°C) was significantly increased by 15.75% compared with the control sample (422.50°C). Moreover, a significant increase in the enthalpy of decomposition was noticed in the treated sample (ΔHdecomp = 131.40 J/g) by 137.10% compared with the control sample (ΔHdecomp = 55.42 J/g). The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect® Treatment might lead to produce a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which could have better powder flowability and thermal stability. The treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride would be very useful to design better nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
7
Nykvist, Cathryn Dawn, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Alice Branton, and Dahryn Trivedi. "Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect®- Energy of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Physical, Spectral, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Life Sciences 5, no. 1 (2017): 11–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.822185.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has the importance in pharmaceutical/nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the control without any, while the other part was defined as the Trivedi Effect® Treated sample, which received the Trivedi Effect® Treatment remotely from eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The PXRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks significantly altered in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The crystallite size of treated sample was decreased by 4.19% compared with the control sample. The particle size at d10 and d50 of the Biofield Energy Treated sample decreased by 4.72% and 2.70%, respectively compared with the control sample. But, the particle size of the treated sample increased at d90 by 0.83 compared with the control sample. Consequently, the surface area was increased by 3.22% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample was at 520 cm-1 and 521 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that the wavelength of the maximum absorbance of the control and treated samples was at 196.4 and 196.2 nm, respectively. The TGA thermograms revealed two steps of the thermal degradation and the weight loss of the treated sample was significantly reduced by 22.54% in the 1st step of degradation compared with the control sample. The DSC analysis showed that the enthalpy of decomposition was significantly increased by 34.9% in the treated sample (89.17 J/g) compared with the control sample (66.10 J/g). Overall, DSC and TGA analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the treated sample was increased compared with the control sample. The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might lead to generate a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which would be more soluble, stable, and higher absorption rate compared with the control sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride could be very useful to design the various forms of nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical formulation which might be providing a better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
8
Vincent, Dianne Heather, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Alice Branton, and Dahryn Trivedi. "Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect®- Energy of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Physical, Spectral, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Life Sciences 5, no. 1 (2017): 11–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.834158.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has the importance in pharmaceutical/nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the control without any, while the other part was defined as the Trivedi Effect® Treated sample, which received the Trivedi Effect® Treatment remotely from eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The PXRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks significantly altered in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The crystallite size of treated sample was decreased by 4.19% compared with the control sample. The particle size at d10 and d50 of the Biofield Energy Treated sample decreased by 4.72% and 2.70%, respectively compared with the control sample. But, the particle size of the treated sample increased at d90 by 0.83 compared with the control sample. Consequently, the surface area was increased by 3.22% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample was at 520 cm-1 and 521 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that the wavelength of the maximum absorbance of the control and treated samples was at 196.4 and 196.2 nm, respectively. The TGA thermograms revealed two steps of the thermal degradation and the weight loss of the treated sample was significantly reduced by 22.54% in the 1st step of degradation compared with the control sample. The DSC analysis showed that the enthalpy of decomposition was significantly increased by 34.9% in the treated sample (89.17 J/g) compared with the control sample (66.10 J/g). Overall, DSC and TGA analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the treated sample was increased compared with the control sample. The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might lead to generate a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which would be more soluble, stable, and higher absorption rate compared with the control sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride could be very useful to design the various forms of nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical formulation which might be providing a better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
9
Konersman, Douglas Jay, and Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. "Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect®- Energy of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Physical, Spectral, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Life Sciences 5, no. 1 (2017): 11–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.834821.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has the importance in pharmaceutical/nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the control without any, while the other part was defined as the Trivedi Effect® Treated sample, which received the Trivedi Effect® Treatment remotely from eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The PXRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks significantly altered in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The crystallite size of treated sample was decreased by 4.19% compared with the control sample. The particle size at d10 and d50 of the Biofield Energy Treated sample decreased by 4.72% and 2.70%, respectively compared with the control sample. But, the particle size of the treated sample increased at d90 by 0.83 compared with the control sample. Consequently, the surface area was increased by 3.22% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample was at 520 cm-1 and 521 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that the wavelength of the maximum absorbance of the control and treated samples was at 196.4 and 196.2 nm, respectively. The TGA thermograms revealed two steps of the thermal degradation and the weight loss of the treated sample was significantly reduced by 22.54% in the 1st step of degradation compared with the control sample. The DSC analysis showed that the enthalpy of decomposition was significantly increased by 34.9% in the treated sample (89.17 J/g) compared with the control sample (66.10 J/g). Overall, DSC and TGA analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the treated sample was increased compared with the control sample. The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might lead to generate a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which would be more soluble, stable, and higher absorption rate compared with the control sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride could be very useful to design the various forms of nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical formulation which might be providing a better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
10
Feeney, Elizabeth Ann, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Alice Branton, and Dahryn Trivedi. "Evaluation of the Trivedi Effect®- Energy of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Physical, Spectral, and Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride." American Journal of Life Sciences 5, no. 1 (2017): 11–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.836137.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc chloride has the importance in pharmaceutical/nutraceutical industries for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on physical, structural, and thermal properties of zinc chloride using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Zinc chloride was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the control without any, while the other part was defined as the Trivedi Effect® Treated sample, which received the Trivedi Effect® Treatment remotely from eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The PXRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size and relative intensities of the PXRD peaks significantly altered in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The crystallite size of treated sample was decreased by 4.19% compared with the control sample. The particle size at d10 and d50 of the Biofield Energy Treated sample decreased by 4.72% and 2.70%, respectively compared with the control sample. But, the particle size of the treated sample increased at d90 by 0.83 compared with the control sample. Consequently, the surface area was increased by 3.22% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis revealed that Zn-Cl stretching in the control and treated sample was at 520 cm-1 and 521 cm-1, respectively. The UV-vis analysis exhibited that the wavelength of the maximum absorbance of the control and treated samples was at 196.4 and 196.2 nm, respectively. The TGA thermograms revealed two steps of the thermal degradation and the weight loss of the treated sample was significantly reduced by 22.54% in the 1st step of degradation compared with the control sample. The DSC analysis showed that the enthalpy of decomposition was significantly increased by 34.9% in the treated sample (89.17 J/g) compared with the control sample (66.10 J/g). Overall, DSC and TGA analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the treated sample was increased compared with the control sample. The current study anticipated that The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might lead to generate a new polymorphic form of zinc chloride, which would be more soluble, stable, and higher absorption rate compared with the control sample. Hence, the treated zinc chloride could be very useful to design the various forms of nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical formulation which might be providing a better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, aging, stress, cancer, etc.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride"
1
Nelwamondo, Aubrey Ndifelani. "Solid state thermal decomposition of amide complexes of nickel(II) chloride." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005008.
Full textAbstract:
The thermal decompositions of a series of amide complexes of nickel(II) chloride have been studied. Thermochemical, kinetic, structure and solid-state stability correlations have been investigated. Complexes containing homologous amide ligands (L) of the form NiLCℓ₂, Ni₃L₂Cℓ₆, Ni₃LCℓ₆, NiL₂Cℓ₂(2H₂0) and ML₂Cℓ₂ (where M = Ni(II), Co(II) or Cu(II)) have been prepared. Chemical analysis, spectral and thermogravimetric measurements were used to characterize the complexes and their decomposition stoichiometries. Three sets of reactions were identified as yielding stable products in a single step: (i) NiLCℓ₂ (s) → NiCℓ₂ (s) + L (g) (ii) Ni₃LCℓ₆ (s) → 3NiCℓ₂ (s) + 2L (g) (iii) Ni₃LCℓ₆ (s) → 3NiCℓ₂ (s) + L (g) Characterization of the processes in the ML₂Cℓ₂ and NiL₂Cℓ₂(2H₂0) complexes was not straightforward. Reaction enthalpies (ΔH) were determined using DSC. The orders of the reaction onset temperatures (Tc), peak temperatures (Tmax) and ΔHL values for the NiCℓ₂ system were: N-methylacetamide < acetamide < N-methylformamide, suggesting the importance of steric hindrance of the methyl-substituent groups in the amide skeleton. In the Ni₃LCℓ₆, NiL₂Cℓ₂(2H₂0) and ML₂Cℓ₂ systems no simple orders could be deduced. The Te and Tmax sequences obtained from analogous metal(II) chloride complexes indicated that the copper(II) complexes were the least stable. The kinetics of the loss of L from NiLCℓ₂ complexes were investigated using isothermal TG, non-isothermal TG and DSC measurements. The contracting geometry models described the course of the decompositions in the most satisfactory manner. Apparent activation energies ( Ea) were estimated from Arrhenius plots of rate coefficients from: (i) an approximate zero-order relationship, (ii) the contracting-area (R2) and contracting-volume (R3) equations, (iii) a new empirical (B2) expression, (iv) the half-life ( 1/t₀.₅) and (v) the characteristic feature of the rate-time curve ( 1/tmax/2 ). The non-dependence of Ea on the rate equation used supports the reliability of the kinetic parameters. Non-isothermal experiments were analyzed by the Coats-Redfern, the modified BorchardtDaniels and the Kissinger methods. Arrhenius parameters were in keeping with results from the isothermal kinetic measurements. The values of Ea obtained for the NiLCℓ₂ system increased with an increase in basicity of the amide ligands. No straightforward correlation was found between Ea and Te, Tmax, ΔHL or spectral properties.
2
Sobocinski, Raymond Louis 1962. "LASER-INDUCED THERMAL DECAY OF PYRIDINE AND CHLORIDE SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING AS A PROBE OF SILVER SURFACE-ACTIVE SITES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276553.
Full textAbstract:
The activation parameters for the temperature dependent irreversible loss of surface-enhanced Raman scattered (SERS) intensity from pyridine and chloride adsorbed at silver surfaces in an electrochemical environment have been determined. Laser-induced heating is introduced as a probe of the chemical nature of SERS-active sites. Surface temperatures are calculated from spectroscopic data. The activation energies associated with the destruction of SERS-active sites at a surface roughened by an illuminated oxidation-reduction cycle (ORC) are 12.8 ± 3.2 kcal/mole and 27.7 ± 3.1 kcal/mole for pyridine at two different types of sites on the Ag surface. Similarly, values for coadsorbed chloride are found to be 11.1 ± 2.4 kcal/mole and 24.5 ± 3.8 kcal/mole. An activation energy of 27.4 ± 1.9 kcal/mole is obtained for pyridine on a silver surface roughened by a nonilluminated ORC. Evidence for the desorption of pyridine and chloride is presented.
3
Ramacieri, Patricia. "Microstructure and kinetics of thermal degradation of alkene copolymers of vinyl chloride." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72819.
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4
Uysal, Idil. "The Synthesis Of Zinc, Chloride And Fluoride Doped Nano Hydroxylapatites By Precipitation Method And Investigation Of Their Mechanical, Structural And Biological Properties." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613481/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed synthesizing hydroxylapatite (HA) and Zn2+, F- and Cl- doped HA by solution precipitation method. The synthesized compounds were sintered at 1100°<br>C for 1h. For structural characterization, density of the samples were measured by Archimedes&rsquo<br>method. It was observed that Zn2+ addition increased the density significantly whereas F- caused a decrease and Cl- increased the density with a little amount. XRD was applied to the samples and it was found that co-doping of Zn2+ and F- ions decreased the unit cell volume of HA with F- addition. Other compositions gave fluctuated results in terms of unit cell volumes. HA phase and a little amount of CaO phase were detected in some samples. FTIR spectroscopy was used to detect whether Zn2+, F- and Cl- ions were incorporated to the HA structure or not by observing the bands corresponding to the bonds in the molecules. The amount of addition was also detected by FTIR. Results showed that ion incorporation to the HA structure was done successfully. SEM images were
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analyzed and grain sizes of samples were calculated by Rietvelt analysis. Grain sizes of the samples increased by Cl- addition and decreased by Zn2+ and/or F- addition. For mechanical characterization, Vickers microhardness test was applied. Fracture toughness was calculated from Vickers microhardness results. According to the results, the highest microhardness values were found for F- and Zn2+ co-doped samples. It was also shown that fracture toughness decreased by Zn2+ addition. However, Zn2+ and F- co-doped samples gave higher fracture toughness results when compared with pure HA. Cl- addition also decreased the fracture toughness. The best compositions in terms of structural and mechanical properties was chosen as Zn2+ and F- co-doped samples and biological characterization was applied to these samples. Saos-2 cell line was used in biological examinations. For biological characterizations, Alamar Blue&trade<br>assay to detect viability and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) assay to detect differentiation were done. It was observed that 2 mol.% Zn2+ addition increased the cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity. 1 mol.% F- addition also improved cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activiy. SEM images were analyzed to observe the morphology of the cells on HA and selected doped HA discs. In accordance with Alamar Blue&trade<br>assay and alkaline phosphatase activity assay, cells showed dendritic shapes on 2 Zn and 2 Zn 1 F sample which was the indicator of good material-cell interaction. Dissolution test was also applied by immersing the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). pH change and SEM images for Ca2+ deposition were investigated. Increase in pH change with time was observed. F- included samples gave the lowest pH change results, especially 2 Zn 1 F. Dissolution pits and some apatitic formations were observed in SEM images.
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Kulkarni, Ambarish J. "Atomistic Characterization and Continuum Modeling of Novel Thermomechanical Behaviors of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19761.
Full textAbstract:
ZnO nanowires and nanorods are a new class of one-dimensional nanomaterials with a wide range of applications in NEMS. The motivation for this work stems from the lack of understanding and characterization of their thermomechanical behaviors essential for their incorporation in nanosystems. The overall goal of this work is to develop a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms controlling the responses of these nanostructures with focus on: (1) development of a molecular dynamics based framework for analyzing thermomechanical behaviors, (2) characterization of the thermal and mechanical behaviors in ZnO nanowires and (3) development of models for pseudoelasticity and thermal conductivity.
The thermal response analyses show that the values of thermal conductivity are one order of magnitude lower than that for bulk ZnO due to surface scattering of phonons. A modified equation for phonon radiative transport incorporating the effects of surface scattering is used to model the thermal conductivity as a function of wire size and temperature. Quasistatic tensile loading of wires show that the elastic moduli values are 68.2-27.8% higher than that for bulk ZnO. Previously unknown phase transformations from the initial wurtzite (WZ) structure to graphitic (HX) and body-centered-tetragonal (BCT-4) phases are discovered in nanowires which lead to a more complete understanding of the extent of polymorphism in ZnO and its dependence on load triaxiality. The reversibility of the WZ-to-HX transform gives rise to a novel pseudoelastic behavior with recoverable strains up to 16%. A micromechanical continuum model is developed to capture the major characteristics of the pseudoelastic behavior accounting for size and temperature effects. The effect of the phase transformations on the thermal properties is characterized. Results obtained show that the WZ→HX phase transformation causes a novel transition in thermal response with the conductivity of HX wires being 20.5-28.5% higher than that of the initial WZ-structured wires.
The results obtained here can provide guidance and criteria for the design and fabrication of a range of new building blocks for nanometer-scale devices that rely on thermomechanical responses.
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Nethavhanani, Takalani. "Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by a green process and the investigation of their physical properties." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6295.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae - MSc (Physics)<br>Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide and direct semiconductor with a wurtzite crystal structure. Its
multifunctionality as the ideal candidate in applications such as blue-UV light emitting
diodes, transparent conducting oxide, selective gas sensor and efficient catalyst support
among others, has attracted a significant interest worldwide. Nano-scaled ZnO has been
synthesized in a plethora of shapes. A rich variety of physical and chemical methodologies
have been used in the synthesis of undoped or doped ZnO. However, such methods either
necessitate relatively high vacuum infrastructures, elevated temperatures, or the use of toxic
reagents. The "green chemistry" synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles which is based on
using natural plant extract as an effective 'reducing agent' of metal precursor, has been
reported to be a cleaner and environment-friendly alternative to the physical and chemical
methods. The thesis is based on the synthesis and the main physical properties of pure ZnO
nanoparticles synthesized by a completely green chemistry process using the natural extract
of Aspalathus Linearis to bio-reduce the zinc acetate precursor. The obtained ZnO
nanopowdered samples were annealed at different temperatures from 300 °C to 600 °C. The
samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive
Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Differential Scanning
Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared. Highly pure
quasi-spherical ZnO nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 24.6 nm (at 300 °C),
27.2 nm (at 400 °C), 27.6 nm (at 500 °C), and 28.5 nm (at 600 °C) were found. The results
also showed that the average crystallite size increased with an increase in annealing
temperature. It was successfully demonstrated that the natural plant extract of Aspalathus
Linearis can be used in the bio-reduction of zinc acetate dihydrate to prepare highly pure
ZnO nanoparticles.
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Tarkin, Eylem. "Characterization And Study Of Solution Properties Of Poly(propylene Oxide) Synthesized By Metal Xanthate Catalysts." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1086099/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Zinc xanthates polymerize propylene oxide into high polymer (PPO) with coordination mechanism. In order to identify structure and stereoisomerisms of this polymer, PPO was subjected to thermal and column fractionation. Obtained fractions were characterized by end-group analysis, cryoscopy, viscometry, IR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, melting temperature. PPO is composed of a high molecular weight, stereoregular, crystallizable polymer (K-polymer) with low molecular weight (=500 g/mol) D-polymer. Presence of double bonds and hydroxyl terminals was interpreted as the product of an anionic mechanism.
K-Polymers can be thermally fractionated on the basis of their melting temperature (Tm) rather than molecular weight (Mwt). It&<br>#8217<br>s found that higher Tm fractions have lower Mwt, but they precipitate at higher temperatures than higher Mwt but lower Tm fractions.
In column fractionation, K-polymers were deposited on glass beads from isooctane solution in a narrow temperature interval. Then the precipitated samples were split into a number of fractions by using again isooctane but at a higher temperature than the precipitation temperature by increasing residence time from 5 minutes to several hours. It&<br>#8217<br>s found that rate of solubility is not controlled by molecular weight, but controlled by percentage crystallinity and Tm.
Highest Tm polymers, with relatively higher Mwt showed faster rate of solution than that of lower Tm, lower Mwt but higher percent crystalline fractions. This discrepancy was accounted by suggesting a stereo-block structure where tactic blocks are bound each other with non-crystallizable atactic blocks.
The mechanism of polymerization was also discussed in some detail.
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Granowski, Gregory A. "Recycling of PVC and XLPE for High Impact Resistance in Spool Development." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157640/.
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My work focuses on taking waste wire-grade PVC = poly(vinyl chloride) and waste XLPE = cross-linked polyethylene and recycle them into small wire/cable spool technology in order to reduce waste cost and reduce cost of spool production. The PVC and XLPE were provided by Encore Wire Corp. of McKinney, TX; they have also defined the standard to which I am comparing my results. The end goal is to incorporate as much PVC and XLPE into the spools while maintaining material toughness, impact resistance, as well as cost-effectiveness in the implementation of the waste materials. The work has been divided into two primary sections, the first is focused on improving material strength through the addition of ceramic fillers. The second section is focused on adding PVC and XLPE into a stronger and highly cohesive polymer matrix and optimizing the concentration of the waste products. Since XLPE is non-polar while PVC is strongly polar, compatibilizers such as CPE (chlorinated polyethylene) and MA-DCP (maleic anhydride with dicumyl peroxide) were used to improve interactions between polar and non-polar constituents. Testing involved the tensile mechanical properties, tribology and thermal properties, namely dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and evaluation of thermal degradation by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Combining PVC and XLPE together is not economically feasible with current compatiblizers. At the same time, introduction of PVC waste or XLPE waste with sufficient properties of the resulting composites is doable.
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Rajko, Radovanović. "Uticaj sastava polivinilhloridnih smeša i tehnoloških uslova proizvodnje na svojstva penastih podnih obloga." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101048&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Mogućnost primene polivinilhloridnih (PVC) podnih obloga je određena krajnjim svojstvima koja zavise od sastava obloge i načina proizvodnje. Zbog složenog sastava i različitih načina pripreme PVC podnih obloga, veoma je teško tačno proceniti uticaj pojedinačnog procesnog parametara na svojstva dobijenog proizvoda. U ovom radu, da bi se ispitao uticaj sastava polivinilhloridnih smeša na svojstva PVC podnih obloga pripremljeno je 27 receptura u kojima su varirane: koncentracije kalcijumkarbonata (40, 70 i 100 phr), koncentracije sredstva za ekspanziju, azodikarbonamida ADC (0,8, 1,0 i 1,2 mas. % u odnosu na ukupnu masu) kao i odnos „kikeraˮ i sredstva za ekspanziju, ZnO/ADC (0,33; 0,50 i 0,67). Da bi se proučio uticaj procesnih parametara na svojstva PVC podnih obloga menjani su tehnološki uslovi proizvodnje: temperatura (180, 184, 188, 192 i 196 °C) i vreme (90, 120 i 150 sekundi) ekspanzije poleđinskog sloja PVC podne obloge. Na taj način je od svake PVC paste dobijeno 15 uzoraka. Za svaki uzorak određena su sledeća svojstva: stepen ekspanzije, zatezna sila pri kidanju, prekidna sila kidanja, zatezno i prekidno izduženje, početni otpor cepanju, otpor cepanju, ukupna deformacija, zaostala deformacija, povratna elastičnost, gustina pene i indeks žućenja. S obzirom na ovako veliki broj podataka urađena je statistička obrada dobijenih eksperimentalnih podataka metodom višestruke linearne regresione analize, kako bi procenili uticaji pojedinačnih procesnih parametara na ispitivana svojstva. Napisan je originalni programski kod primenom Garson-ovog i Yoon-ovog modela u programu Matlab koji omogućava formiranje neuronske mreže i njenu upotrebu u cilju fitovanja eksperimentalnih podataka. Rezultati dobijeni primenom modela po Garson-u nisu pogodni za određivanje uticaja sastava PVC smeše i uslova prerade na konačna svojstva proizvoda, jer ne pokazuju pravac uticaja. Dok je veštačka neuronska mreža koja se zasniva na Yoon-ovom modelu uspešno primenjena u razvoju novih i poboljšanju postojećih svojstava heterogenih PVC proizvoda. Ispitan je i uticaj veličine čestice ZnO koji je upotrebljen kao „kikerˮ (sredstvo koje utiče na smanjenje temperature raspada ADC) na svojstva penastih podnih obloga. Napravljene su dve PVC paste, jedna sa komercijalnim ZnO, a druga sa nano ZnO, pri čemu je sastav ostalih komponenti bio identičan. Na osnovu dobijenih eksperimentalnih podatka može se zaključiti da kod uzoraka u kojima je upotrebljen nano ZnO dolazi do intenzivnijeg „curenjaˮ gasa nastalog raspadom ADC i međusobnog povezivanja pora. Kao posledica ovakve strukture pora uzorci sa nano ZnO imaju lošija mehanička svojstva. Na osnovu dobijenih karakterističnih temperatura na TG krivama nije uočen uticaj veličine čestica ZnO na termičku stabilnost ispitivanih uzoraka.<br>The application of PVC floor coverings is strongly connected with their end-use properties which depend on the composition and processing conditions. It is very difficult to estimate the proper influence of production parameters on the characteristics of PVC floor coverings due to their complex composition and various preparation procedures. In this paper, in order to investigate the effect of the PVC mixture composition on the properties of PVC floor coverings, 27 formulations are prepared varying concentration of calcium carbonate (40, 70 and 100 phr), concentration of blowing agent, azodicarbonamide ADC (0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 wt. % relative to the total weight) and the ratio of "kicker" and blowing agent, ZnO/ADC (0.33; 0.50 and 0.67). To study the influence of process parameters on the properties of PVC floor coverings technological production conditions are varied: expansion temperature (180, 184, 188, 192 and 196 °C) and expansion time (90, 120 and 150 seconds) of the PVC floor covering back layer. In this way, 15 samples are made of each PVC paste. The following properties are determined for each sample: expansion ratio, tensile strength, braking strength, tensile extension, breaking extension, initial resistance to tearing, tearing resistance, identation, residual identation, elasticity, density foam and yellowing index. Having such a large amount of data, statistical analysis of experimental data are made with multiple linear regression analysis in order to assess the effects of process parameters on investigated properties. The original program code is written using the Garson's and Yoon's models in the Matlab programme that allows the formation of neural networks and its use for the purpose of fitting the experimental data. Results obtained by using the Garson model are not suitable for determining the influence of composition of the PVC mixture and processing conditions on the properties of the final product because it does not show the direction of impact. While the artificial neural network based on Yoon's model is successfully applied to the development of new as well as to the improvement of the existing properties of the heterogeneous PVC products. The influence of ZnO particle size, used as a“kicker“ (this material reduces the decomposition temperature of ADC) is examined on the properties of the foam flooring. Two PVC pastes are made, one with commercial ZnO and the other with nano ZnO, with the other components of the compositions identical. Based on the obtained experimental data, it can be concluded that there is more intensive gas „leak“ resulting from disintegration of the ADC and also more intensive interconnection of pores in the samples where nano ZnO is used. As a result of this structure of pores, samples with nano ZnO have inferior mechanical properties. Based on the characteristic temperature obtained on TG curves, the influence of ZnO particle size on the thermal stability of the investigated samples is not observed.
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Wang, Yen-Ching, and 王衍晴. "Processes and properties of the thermal sprayed zinc doped hydroxyapatite coating." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2j5dkf.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>材料科學與工程研究所<br>102<br>In this study, we prepared zinc-doped hydroxyapatite by the co-precipitation method, the purpose is to make artificial bone material has ability of antibacterial. The co-precipitation method prepared hydroxyapatite with add different concentrations of zinc chloride. Detected the weight loss by TGA to determine the sintering temperature of the pyrolysis temperature.Detected by XRD, the experimental results show that after sintering, it has some new phases generated of ZnO and CaZn2 (PO4)2, and the strength of new phases will high over than hydroxyapatite phase to be the major presence when we add zinc chloride that concentration reaches 0.15M. Testing antibacterial ability by the inhibition zone method of qualitative antibacterial test methods, the results shows that ability of antibacterial increased when the concentration of zinc chloride increased from 0.0125M to 0.15M. For simulate the artificial bone, the granulated powder that after sieved prilling were coated on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V substrate by the flame-spraying method, the SEM of surface topography and cross-section found that the zinc-doped hydroxyapatite was the porous structure on the substrate, and the porosity improved significantly. The antibacterial test found the specimen has a good antibacterial ability, the inhibition rate will increase when the time contacting by the specimen and bacteria increased. For biological activity and toxicity test of the cell test, the specimen was found with good biocompatibility.
Books on the topic "Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride"
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Pieła, Krzysztof. Mechanizmy odkształcenia kryształów cynku w temperaturach podwyższonych. Wydawnictwa AGH, 2004.
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Rosa, Maria I. De. Oxidative thermal degradation of PVC-derived fiberglass, cotton, and jute brattices and other mine materials: A comparison of toxic gas and liquid concentrations and smoke-particle characterization. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride"
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Pionteck, J., and M. Pyda. "pVT Data of Poly(vinyl chloride)s." In Part 2: Thermodynamic Properties – pVT-Data and Thermal Properties. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41542-5_36.
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Pionteck, J., and M. Pyda. "pVT Data of Poly(vinyl chloride-graft-vinyl acetate)." In Part 2: Thermodynamic Properties – pVT-Data and Thermal Properties. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41542-5_6.
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Oh, Sang Yeol, Eli M. Pearce, and T. K. Kwei. "Effect of Zinc Chloride on the Thermal Stability of Styrene—Acrylonitrile Copolymers." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0599.ch010.
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Nigrawal, Archana, Arun kumar Sharma, and Fozia Z. Haque. "Study on Thermal and Electrical Conduction Properties of Nano Zinc Particle-Reinforced Polyester-Graded Composites." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2921-4_87.
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Fuks, L., I. Herdzik-Koniecko, and M. Rogowski. "Reuse of waste PET canisters through the production of activated carbon, an adsorbent to remove radionuclides from aqueous solutions." In Waste PET-MOF-Cleanwater: Waste PET-Derived Metal-Organic Framework (MOFs) as Cost-Effective Adsorbents for Removal of Hazardous Elements from Polluted Water. UJ Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/9781776419463-09.
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End-of-life polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles were used to prepare activated carbon by thermal carbonisation at 850 ℃ for 0.5 hours followed by chemical activation with a boiling aqueous solution of zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The batch adsorption of mono-, di- and trivalent cationic radionuclides was then examined at ambient temperature. The main physicochemical properties of the obtained material that may determine its adsorption properties have also been studied.
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Zheng, Huazhi, Wei Liu, and Hao Yan. "Anti-Corrosion Study of Corrosion Inhibitor and Sacrificial Anode on Coastal Reinforced Concrete Structures." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230775.
Full textAbstract:
In order to improve the durability of coastal reinforced concrete structures, the effects of the mixed rust inhibitors, migrated rust inhibitors, and zinc-based sacrificial anodes on the reinforcement corrosion behaviors were investigated by linear polarizations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies. Their rust resistance efficiency was also compared by static weight-loss tests, which were under different chloride concentrations and pH values in simulated concrete pore solution. The test results indicate that the anti-rust performance of the migrated rust inhibitor is weaker than that of the mixed rust inhibitor with the same content (1%) and chloride concentration. The anti-rust effect of the zinc-based sacrificial anode is better than that of the rust inhibitor under a higher chloride concentration (0.85mol/L). Under the same test time (1d), anti-rust content (1%) and chloride concentration (0.6mol/L), the rust resistance properties of each reagent are as follows: (Neutral environment) Zinc-based sacrificial anode < Migrated rust inhibitor < Mixed rust inhibitor, (Alkaline environment) Migrated rust inhibitor < Zinc-based sacrificial anode < Mixed doped rust inhibitor.
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Qin, Meifang, and Ying Li. "Poly(vinyl chloride), head-to-head." In Polymer Data Handbook. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195181012.003.0199.
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Abstract Major Application H-H PVC is mostly studied in academic field to understand its structure/property relationship, thermal degradation behavior, and mechanism. Its properties are compared to those of commercial head-to-tail PVC. Pure H-H PVC has no significant industrial applications. H-H PVCs containing 40–65 wt% of Cl, also called chlorinated polybutadiene rubber-resins, are used for coating, paint-based applications and the preparation of threads, tires, tubings, and films, etc.
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Satavekar, B. S., S. V. Anekar, and B. S. Shirke. "STUDY OF STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NiO-CuO NANOCOMPOSITE." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 10. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bbcs10p3ch5.
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A new NiO-CuO nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized through a sol-gel method utilizing nickel chloride hexahydrate, copper chloride hexahydrate, ammonia, and ethylene glycol as precursors. The resulting material underwent comprehensive characterization using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDAX, UV–Visible, FTIR, and TGA-DTA techniques. The XRD analysis revealed the presence of all pertinent Bragg's reflections, indicating a face-centered cubic and monoclinic structure for the NiO-CuO nanocomposite. The average particle size, determined using the Scherrer equations, was found to be 25 nm. Remarkably, this particle size value obtained from XRD was consistent with the results obtained from SEM and TEM analyses. The direct optical band gap of the nanocomposite was measured at 3.3 eV. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of the mixed salts was examined through thermal analysis techniques (TG and DTA). To verify the purity of the composites and the elemental composition of the constituent oxides, FTIR and EDS analyses were performed.
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Panesar Daman and Aqel Mohammad. "Properties of self-consolidating concrete containing limestone filler." In Construction Materials and Structures. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-466-4-772.
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Fillers such as limestone filler (LF) can be used to replace the cement and thus reduce the cement content in concrete. However, in applications where early age strength is critical such as precast and prestressed applications increased amount of fillers could cause a challenge due to dilution effect. This paper investigates the influence of LF on early age hydration and strength of steam cured SCC made with CSA general use cement (type GU) and high early strength cement (type HE). The reactivity of LF was also evaluated using thermal analysis. Durability tests including rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT), freeze thaw and salt scaling were conducted on SCC mixtures made with and without LF. The results showed improved early age hydration and strength in SCC mixtures containing LF compared to SCC mixtures without LF. The chloride permeability was lower in SCC mixtures containing LF compared to SCC mixtures without LF. The durability performance of SCC mixes made with and without LF was similar under freeze thaw and salt scaling cycles.
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Das, Pratyusha. "BASICS OF ZINC OXIDE AS A SEMICONDUCTOR: THEORITICAL EXPLANATION." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 7. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs7p5ch2.
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As Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide bandgap semiconductor. So it has earned significant attention in the last few years due to its versatile properties and potential applications in various electronic devices. ZnO has the properties like high electron mobility, high thermal conductivity, wide and direct band gap and large excitation binding energy which make ZnO very suitable for making a wide range device like transparent thin-film transistors, photodetectors, Light emitting diodes and laser diodes that operates in the blue and UV region of spectrum. It is a cheap, transparent, conductive oxide and is used as a material for electronic circuits that is optically transparent for semiconductor spintronics and thus as an alternative to gallium nitride (GaN). This chapter firstly discusses the effect of defects and impurities on the electrical and optical properties of ZnO, secondly the practical applications of ZnO semiconductors in various fields such as nanotechnology, sensors, etc.
Conference papers on the topic "Thermal Properties of Zinc Chloride"
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Matthes, S. A., S. D. Cramer, S. J. Bullard, B. S. Covino, and G. R. Holcomb. "Atmospheric Corrosion and Precipitation Runoff from Zinc and Zinc Alloy Surfaces." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03598.
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Abstract The long-term atmospheric corrosion performance of rolled zinc and three thermal-sprayed (TS) zinc materials (Zn, Zn-15Al, and Al-12Zn-0.2In) was characterized by measuring corrosion product concentrations in precipitation runoff at coastal marine and inland sites. Corrosion rates and average zinc concentrations in the runoff were greater at the site having higher annual rainfall. Higher chloride concentrations did not seem to affect either the corrosion rates or the zinc concentrations in the runoff at the coastal site compared to those of the inland site. Zinc runoff concentrations were higher for TS Zn than rolled zinc due to the greater surface area of the thermal-sprayed surface. Average cumulative zinc runoff losses for the two sites were: 64 µmol Zn/L for TS Zn, 37 µmol Zn/L for rolled Zn, 24 µmol Zn/L for TS Zn-15Al, and 1.8 µmol Zn/L for TS Al-12Zn-0.2In. Cumulative zinc runoff losses were directly related both to the precipitation rate and to the availability of Zn in metal surfaces, a consequence of surface roughness and surface chemistry properties of the metal.
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Aktas, Betül, Heli Koivuluoto, Magdalena Rajczakowska, and Andrzej Cwirzen. "Thermally Sprayed Coatings for Concrete Protection in Cold Marine Environments." In ITSC 2025. ASM International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2025p0369.
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Abstract Concrete in cold seawater suffers from freeze-thaw damage (cracking, scaling) and steel corrosion (chloride penetration), increasing maintenance and risking failure. To improve protection, this study investigates a multilayered coating: a sealant top layer over a thermally sprayed zinc bond layer. The coating's long-term durability was tested under icing conditions before and after 96 hours of salt spray. Results show the multilayered coating's icephobic properties remained stable despite corrosion exposure, suggesting it can enhance the lifespan of concrete in harsh marine environments.
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Burkert, Andreas, Gerd Eich, and Ralph Baessler. "Integrated Protection System for Chloride Deteriorated Concrete Structures." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04720.
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Abstract Corrosion damages in chloride deteriorated reinforced concrete structures require expensive repair measures. Especially traffic areas exposed to de-icing salts and also structures in coastal regions or aggressive soils are affected. On parking decks and bridges the chlorides mainly effect on horizontal areas and could reach the reinforcement within a very short time. This paper will present investigations of an integrated protection system basing on thermal-sprayed zinc and a sealing coating. This protection system was applied to 40 reinforced concrete specimens, varying in water/cement-ratio, chloride content, concrete cover and reinforcement density. Results were compared to them of additional 20 specimens, which were thermal-sprayed only or completely uncoated. The effect of cathodic protection by the thermal-spayed zinc coating is proven by measurements of protecting currents and protection potentials as well as depolarization measurements. The drying out behavior of the specimens was recorded by moisture measurements with Multiring-electrodes.
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Matthes, Steven A., Gordon R. Holcomb, Stephen D. Cramer, Bernard S. Covino, and Sophie J. Bullard. "Atmospheric Corrosion and Chloride Deposition to Metal Surfaces." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04306.
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Abstract Atmospheric corrosion and chloride deposition on metal surfaces was studied at an unpolluted coastal (marine) site, an unpolluted rural inland site, and a polluted urban site. Chloride deposition by both wet (precipitation) and dry deposition processes over a multi-year period was measured using ion chromatography analysis of incident precipitation and precipitation runoff from the surface of metal samples. Chloride deposition was measured on zinc, copper, lead, mild steel, and non-reactive blank panels, as well as two panels coated with thermal-sprayed zinc alloys. Chloride deposition measured by runoff chemistry was compared with chloride deposition measurements made by the ASTM wet candle technique. Corrosion mass loss as a function of distance from the ocean is presented for copper and mild steel in bold exposures on the west coast.
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Bullard, Sophie J., Stephen D. Cramer, Bernard S. Covino, Gordon R. Holcomb, Margaret Ziomek-Moroz, and Steven M. Soltesz. "CP Systems for Steel Reinforced Concrete Bridges." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04054.
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Abstract Thermal-sprayed zinc anodes are used for cathodic protection (CP) systems in Oregon’s reinforced concrete coastal bridges to prevent chloride-induced corrosion damage. Thermal-sprayed zinc performs well as an ICCP anode but the service life of the zinc anode is directly related to the average current density used to operate the systems. Oregon Department of Transportation (DOT) is investigating ways of monitoring the rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete bridges to identify conditions when protection of the rebar is needed. This approach reflects the fact that external protection may not be needed for all environmental conditions, leading Oregon DOT to examine the use of intermittent, galvanic, and constant voltage cathodic protection systems. Results from these types of systems are reported.
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Talavera, M. A., T. Perez, J. Genesca, and P. Castro. "EIS Measurements on Cathodically Protected Steel in Concrete." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00794.
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Abstract The use of sacrificial zinc anodes for cathodic protection (CP) of steel in reinforced concrete is a subject of increasing interest in Mexico, specially for their potential applications on highway bridges seriously damaged by chloride contamination. One anode material gaining acceptance is thermally sprayed zinc (TSCP). In this paper, the feasibility of using E1S, as a monitoring tool to determine if the CP level is sufficient to mitigate corrosion was investigated for carbon steel in concrete. As a first approach, this investigation deals with the behavior of the galvanic couple steel/zinc under CP conditions in NaCl solution. The EIS obtained were compared with those corresponding to laboratory concrete slabs, whose surface was thermal sprayed with Zn.
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Maahn, Ernst, and Birgit Sørensen. "The Influence of Microstructure on the Corrosion Properties of Hot Dip Galvanized Reinforcement in Concrete." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85271.
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Abstract The corrosion properties of bright and grey galvanizing layers are fundamentally different. This applies to both the anodic dissolution and the cathodic reaction, whether this is hydrogen evolution or oxygen reduction. The high reactivity of the grey galvanizing layers means that it is impossible to prevent bubble formation during concreting by passivation with chromate. The corrosion potential of a grey galvanizing layer in aerated concrete can be as high as that of steel, while a bright galvanizing layer never exceeds about −600 mV SCE. This means there is a reduced risk of pitting in bright galvanized rebars in chloride containing concrete. By contact to black steel, there is always a risk of accelerated corrosion of the zinc layer, for bright as well as grey galvanizing.
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Berndt, C. C., S. Reddy, and M. L. Allan. "Optimization of Thermal Spray Parameters for Cathodic Protection of Reinforcement in Concrete." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95012.
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Abstract Thermal spraying of zinc as an anode material is an effective means of providing cathodic protection to reinforced concrete. An empirical modeling technique was used to optimize the properties of the zinc coating and make the thermal spray parameterization efficient. The two properties optimized in this study were tensile adhesion strength of the coating, which gives a measure of durability; and deposition efficiency, which is a measure of the process efficiency and, therefore, the process economics. A novel single wire arc plasma system was used to apply the zinc coatings. The parameters varied were (i) torch to substrate distance, (ii) cooling gas pressure and (iii) arc current. The results of the modeling indicate that the torch to substrate distance and gas pressure exert greater control over tensile adhesion strength and deposition efficiency than arc current.
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Lee, S. K., Y. M. Sigonney, W. H. Hartt, and R. U. Lee. "Characterization of the Arc Sprayed Zinc Coating-Concrete Interface by Electrochemical Techniques." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99552.
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Abstract Arc sprayed zinc and zinc alloy coatings have been used increasingly as galvanic anode systems for cathodic protection of steel reinforcements in concrete structures. This paper discusses the characteristics of the metallic arc sprayed coating-concrete interfacial zone with time at target relative humidities of 25, 60, 85 and 100 percent and ambient temperature. Laboratory experiments were performed upon a series of 25 x 25 x 7.6 cm thick concrete test slabs, which were admixed with chloride concentrations of 0, 3.0, 5.9, and 11.9 kg/m3. The top surface of each slab was sprayed with either pure zinc or a 72 Zn-28 Al (weight percent) alloy to a thickness of 380 micrometer (15 mils). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and conventional electrochemical properties such as galvanic current, resistance and polarization resistance of the anode were routinely measured. The results indicate that relative humidity had an important effect on these parameters and that resistance across the coating-concrete interface was particularly influential with regard to performance of the coating as a galvanic anode.
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Logier, Jared, Jason Wang, Obed Villalpando, Alexander Jalbuena, and Vilupanur A. Ravi. "Corrosion of Ferrous Alloys in a Molten Chloride Salt for Solar Thermal Energy Storage." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09562.
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Abstract Molten salts have emerged as viable candidates for thermal energy storage in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) applications. Candidate chloride salts offer the advantages of being readily available and stable at high temperatures, thus opening up the possibility for increased power generation efficiency. However, molten chloride salts are corrosive; therefore, proper materials selection for plant hardware is vital. Current CSP plants use stainless steels and nickel-base alloys as materials of construction because of the desirable combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this research project, the focus was on the corrosion behavior of two different stainless steels (UNS S30400 and UNS S31600) and a carbon steel, i.e., UNS G10180. These were tested at 700°C in a molten NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt in static air and flowing argon. Electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the corrosion behavior of these materials. The morphology of the attack was determined using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the corrosion products formed on the surface of the substrate. Based on these results, the candidate salt was deemed to be unsuitable for this application. In addition, all of the candidate alloys had unacceptably high corrosion rates.