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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermal stratification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Helfrich, Karl R. "Thermals with background rotation and stratification." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 259 (January 25, 1994): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094000121.

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Scaling analysis and experiments are used to study the evolution of thermals in the presence of background rotation. When the ambient environment is homogeneous, the thermal rises and expands until it reaches a critical height where the Rossby number becomes ∼ 1. The thermal then stops expanding and rises in a column. Both the critical height and column radius scale with (F0f-2)1/4. F0 is the initial thermal buoyancy and f is the Coriolis frequency. The thermal vertical velocity is independent of f. When the background is stratified with buoyancy frequency N, the thermal rises to a neutral buo

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2

Son, Ju Yeon, Hye Jin Han, Yong-Chul Cho, Taegu Kang, and Jong Kwon Im. "Seasonal Variations in the Thermal Stratification Responses and Water Quality of the Paldang Lake." Water 16, no. 21 (2024): 3057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16213057.

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We evaluated the thermal and chemical stratifications of Paldang Lake using Schmidt’s stability index (SSI) and the chemical stratification index (IC-i) with weekly data from 2013 to 2022. The temporal trends of stratification were analyzed alongside correlations with meteorological, hydrological, and water quality variables. Thermal stratification intensified with rising air temperature and sunshine duration, while hydrological factors like discharge and retention time affected SSI during periods with less than five days of water retention. During summer, fewer occurrences of intense rainfall

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3

Jin, Juxiang, Scott A. Wells, Defu Liu, and Guolu Yang. "Thermal stratification and its relationship with water quality in the typical tributary bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir." Water Supply 19, no. 3 (2018): 918–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.142.

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Abstract The effect of thermal stratification and its relationship with water quality was researched by field observation in this study. Through assessing the degree of thermal stratification by calculating the dimensionless parameter of thermal resistance to mixing (RTRM) indices from 2008 to 2010, it indicated that the water body of Xiangxi River was stratified strongly in the summer months. The analysis of the degree of thermal stratification with both the meteorological and hydrodynamic factors showed thermal stratification intensity was more sensitive to meteorological factors in Xiangxi

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4

Jin, Juxiang, Scott A. Wells, Defu Liu, et al. "Effects of water level fluctuation on thermal stratification in a typical tributary bay of Three Gorges Reservoir, China." PeerJ 7 (May 15, 2019): e6925. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6925.

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Xiangxi River is a typical tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China. Based on field observations in 2010, thermal stratification was significant in most months of the year. Through field data analysis and numerical simulations, the seasonal and spatial variation of thermal stratification as related to the impact of the operation of TGR were investigated. Thermal stratification was most pronounced from April to September in the Xiangxi River tributary. Air temperature (AT) and water level (WL) were the two dominant variables impacting thermal stratification. AT affected the surface wa

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5

Nagamalleswara Rao, Gujjar. "Comparison of Experimental and Simulation Studies on Thermal Stratification in a Thermal Energy Storage System." Journal of Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering and Technology 05, no. 1&2 (2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.8650.201802.

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6

Nadjib, Muhammad, Wahyudi Wahyudi, Tito Hadji Agung Santosa, and Yaafi Hidayat. "Thermal Stratification Characteristics of Storage Tanks on Solar Water Heater Inserted with Latent Heat Material." Semesta Teknika 27, no. 1 (2024): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/st.v27i1.21753.

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As a latent heat medium, phase change material (PCM) can be applied to heat storage for solar water heaters (SWH). The method used to place PCM is to put it in a capsule. Thermal stratification is critical in generating SWH thermal efficiency. Installation of horizontal capsules in the tank has no known effect on thermal stratification. This paper aims to study the thermal stratification in active-type SWH incorporating PCM. A cylindrical capsule containing the PCM was placed inside the tank. The thermocouple was installed on both the water and PCM sides. The charging process was conducted ind

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7

Schneider, Tapio, and Paul A. O’Gorman. "Moist Convection and the Thermal Stratification of the Extratropical Troposphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 11 (2008): 3571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2652.1.

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Abstract Simulations with an aquaplanet general circulation model show that sensible and latent heat transport by large-scale eddies influences the extratropical thermal stratification over a wide range of climates, even in relatively warm climates with small meridional surface temperature gradients. Variations of the lapse rate toward which the parameterized moist convection in the model relaxes atmospheric temperature profiles demonstrate that the convective lapse rate only marginally affects the extratropical thermal stratification in Earth-like and colder climates. In warmer climates, the

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8

Gao, Bingjun, Mingze Li, Chulin Yu, and Yan Li. "Fast Calculation of Transient Thermal Stress in Surge Lines with Thermal Stratification Region." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 3216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073216.

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Nuclear power plants applying for license renewal are required to undertake a fatigue assessment of various components, which demands the fast calculation of transient thermal stress of the fatigue-sensitive components such as surge lines. In this study, the strategy of Green’s function database construction for the thermal stratification region was investigated, and the thermal stress calculation was shown to be more accurate by dividing the flow cases and thermal zones. Furthermore, a method to determine the fluid temperature for the thermal zones of the thermal stratification region was stu

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9

Shingne, Prasad S., Robert J. Middleton, Claus Borgnakke, and Jason B. Martz. "The effects of boost pressure on stratification and burn duration of gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 3 (2018): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417754177.

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This article investigates the effects of intake pressure (boost) on the pre-ignition stratification and burn duration of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion. Full cycle computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed with gasoline kinetics. An intake pressure sweep is performed while maintaining the same combustion timing and mean composition. The burn duration reduces with increasing boost, even though intake temperature is reduced to hold combustion timing constant. It is shown that the compositional stratification increases with boost whereas thermal stratification dec

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10

Ren, Jing-Jie, Jian-Yun Shi, Peng Liu, Ming-Shu Bi, and Kai Jia. "Simulation on thermal stratification and de-stratification in liquefied gas tanks." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38, no. 10 (2013): 4017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.116.

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11

ASHIE, Yasunobu. "Introduction of Thermal Stratification Wind Tunnel." Wind Engineers, JAWE 1999, no. 79 (1999): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jawe.1999.79_203.

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12

Xia, J. L., and T. Ahokainen. "Thermal Stratification in a Steel Ladle." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 40, no. 4 (2001): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.2001.40.4.479.

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13

Effler, Steven W., Emmet M. Owens, Keith Schimel, and John Dobi. "Weather‐Based Variations in Thermal Stratification." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 112, no. 2 (1986): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1986)112:2(159).

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14

Wilk, Joanna, Paweł Bałon, Robert Smusz, et al. "Thermal Stratification in the Storage Tank." Procedia Manufacturing 47 (2020): 998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.306.

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15

Kandari, Abdullah M. "Thermal stratification in hot storage-tanks." Applied Energy 35, no. 4 (1990): 299–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(90)90029-d.

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16

Yu, Hui, Hiroshi Tsuno, Taira Hidaka, and Chunmeng Jiao. "Chemical and thermal stratification in lakes." Limnology 11, no. 3 (2010): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10201-010-0310-8.

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17

Kim, J. H., R. M. Roidt, and A. F. Deardorff. "Thermal stratification and reactor piping integrity." Nuclear Engineering and Design 139, no. 1 (1993): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(93)90263-9.

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18

Han, Y. M., R. Z. Wang, and Y. J. Dai. "Thermal stratification within the water tank." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, no. 5 (2009): 1014–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.03.001.

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19

Agarwal, Hemant, Shyamanta Chakraborty, and Rupam Shankar Nath. "Numerical Study on the Effects of Thermal and Mass Stratification on Chemically Reacting Unsteady MHD Nanofluid past an Oscillating Vertical Plate through a Porous Medium." East European Journal of Physics, no. 4 (December 8, 2024): 393–404. https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-4-46.

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The purpose of this study is to study the combined influence of thermal and mass stratification on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid past a vertically oscillating plate with variable temperature. The problem’s governing equations are numerically solved using the implicit Crank-Nicolson approach. Significant results from the thermal and mass stratification are contrasted with the environment where stratification is absent. The velocity decreases with both kinds of stratification, while the temperature decreases with thermal stratification and the concentration decreases with mass stratific

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20

Gursu, S., S. A. Sherif, T. N. Veziroglu, and J. W. Sheffield. "Analysis and Optimization of Thermal Stratification and Self-Pressurization Effects in Liquid Hydrogen Storage Systems—Part 1: Model Development." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 115, no. 3 (1993): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905997.

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This paper reports on analyses and optimization studies of problems associated with liquid hydrogen thermal stratification and self-pressurization in cryogenic vessels. Three different pressure rise models were employed to calculate the self-pressurization and boil-off rates. These are a homogeneous model, a surface-evaporation model, and a thermal stratification model. The first two models are based on the assumption that no temperature gradients exist in the tank, while the thermal stratification model takes the temperature distribution into account. Employing the thermal stratification mode

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21

Kang, Dong-Gu, Myung-Jo Jhung, and Kwang-Won Seul. "ICONE19-43189 Thermal Fatigue Analysis for Pressurizer Surge Line Subjected to Thermal Stratification Using CFD Calculation Result." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011): _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_71.

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22

Liu, Chang, Shiyan Wang, Liang Wang, et al. "Characteristics and driving factors of thermal stratification evolution in Daheiting Reservoir." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104010.

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Thermal stratification which is common in water bodies is subject to such factors as the water depth of the water body (a lake or reservoir, for instance), the fluidity of the water and the local meteorological conditions. The stable thermal stratification in reservoirs will lead to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the water as well as distribution of aquatic creatures, hence leaving an impact on the water quality. The Daheiting Reservoir was taken as the research object in this study. Based on the continuous monitored water temperature data in the reservoir, the tempo-spatia

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23

Shi, Jianchao, Lianxiang Wang, Yongrui Yang, and Tinglin Huang. "Effects of Seasonal Thermal Stratification on Ammonia Nitrogen Transformation in a Source Water Reservoir." Processes 9, no. 12 (2021): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122218.

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Seasonal thermal stratification has a significant impact on water quality. In this paper, the variation of vertical distribution of ammonia nitrogen in a source water reservoir was studied, on the base of field monitoring data. The dominant factor of the variation in ammonia nitrogen is the anaerobic environment caused by the seasonal thermal stratification, which leads to the degradation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the sediments. To determine the rates of ammonia accumulation, an in situ experimental chamber was used. The results showed that, before the formation of thermal st

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24

Sahu, Digbash, and Rudra Kanta Deka. "Thermal and Mass Stratification Effects on MHD Flow Past an Accelerated Vertical Plate with Variable Temperature and Exponential Mass Diffusion Embedded in a Porous Medium." East European Journal of Physics, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-2-15.

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This study looks at how the impacts of thermal and mass stratification on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow alongside a vertically accelerating plate featuring variable temperature and exponential mass diffusion within a porous medium. The Laplace transform technique is utilized to solve the governing equations related to flow, energy, and mass diffusion. Subsequently, the impact of stratification on the flow field, temperature, and mass diffusion is examined. The study indicates that thermal and mass stratification significantly affects the profiles of velocity, temperature, and mass diffusion.

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25

Sofianopoulos, Aimilios, Mozhgan Rahimi Boldaji, Benjamin Lawler, Sotirios Mamalis, and John E. Dec. "Effect of engine size, speed, and dilution method on thermal stratification of premixed homogeneous charge compression–ignition engines: A large eddy simulation study." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 9 (2019): 1612–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418820735.

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High heat release rates limit the operating range of homogeneous charge compression–ignition engines to low and medium loads. Thermal stratification has been shown to stagger autoignition, lower heat release rates, and extend the operating range of homogeneous charge compression–ignition engines. However, the dependence of naturally occurring thermal stratification on the engine size, speed, and internal residual dilution is not fully understood. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model with large eddy simulations and detailed chemical kinetics was developed using CONVERGE. This

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26

Smusz, Robert, Paweł Kielan, and Damian Mazur. "Analysis of thermal stratified storage tank." Archives of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 3 (2017): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2017-0048.

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Abstract The basic aim of the task is to compile a temperature stratification system in an accumulation tank. The range of the thesis concerns the shape and dimensions of a stratification system for an accumulation tank. Thermal stratification is a process that comprises the maintaining of temperature stratification at different levels of an accumulation tank which reduce to a minimum the process of temperature equalization. It results from the fact that the thermal stratification in a tank significantly increases the installation efficiency and improves the process of energy storing. It is co

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27

Mtada, Obed S. M. "Thermal stratification in a tropical African reservoir (the Guma Dam, Sierra Leone)." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 107, no. 2 (1986): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/107/1986/183.

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28

Shyu, Ruey-Jong, Jian-Yuan Lin, and Liang-Jyi Fang. "Thermal Analysis of Stratified Storage Tanks." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 111, no. 1 (1989): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268287.

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This paper presents theoretical and experimental studies on the stratification decay in stratified storage tanks. The effects of the thicknesses of tank wall and thermal insulation were discussed. The experimental results showed that the outside insulation can enhance tank wall axial conduction which tends to degrade the stratification. However, the reduction of heat loss outweighs the enhancement of axial conduction and better stratification is still maintained when compared to a bare wall tank. The axial conduction enhancement is sensitive to the wall thickness for the same thickness of insu

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29

Sabeti, R., S. Jamali, and H. H. Jamali. "Simulation of Thermal Stratification and Salinity Using the Ce-Qual-W2 Model (Case Study: Mamloo Dam)." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 3 (2017): 1664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1062.

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Due to the shortage of fresh water, the quality of stored water in reservoirs has become increasingly important. Thermal regime and salinity are factors that affect the quality of water reservoirs. These two parameters were studied in Mamloo Dam in Tehran province. This dam has recently started to be uses as a source of drinking water for Tehran and thus its water quality is of increased importance. In this regard, the hydrodynamic model for 2014 to 2015 was built and calibrated by the CE-QUAL-W2 model and the model was used to simulate the thermal regime and salinity up to 2020. Two main scen

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30

Sabeti, R., S. Jamali, and H. H. Jamali. "Simulation of Thermal Stratification and Salinity Using the Ce-Qual-W2 Model (Case Study: Mamloo Dam)." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 3 (2017): 1664–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.809255.

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Due to the shortage of fresh water, the quality of stored water in reservoirs has become increasingly important. Thermal regime and salinity are factors that affect the quality of water reservoirs. These two parameters were studied in Mamloo Dam in Tehran province. This dam has recently started to be uses as a source of drinking water for Tehran and thus its water quality is of increased importance. In this regard, the hydrodynamic model for 2014 to 2015 was built and calibrated by the CE-QUAL-W2 model and the model was used to simulate the thermal regime and salinity up to 2020. Two main scen

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31

Park, Dohyun, Dong-Woo Ryu, Byung-Hee Choi, Choon SunWoo, and Kong-Chang Han. "Methods to Characterize the Thermal Stratification in Thermal Energy Storages." Journal of Korean Society For Rock Mechanics 23, no. 1 (2013): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7474/tus.2013.23.1.078.

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32

Krafčík, Milan, and Jana Peráčková. "Experimental Measurements of Hot Water Stratification in a Heat Storage Tank in Laboratory Conditions." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 63, no. 4 (2019): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.13836.

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The paper focuses on the experimental measurement of the accumulation of hot water storage with its thermal stratificational thermal layers by means created of elementary conical elements. The basic principle of these elements is the automatic distribution of water temperatures according to temperature and volume flow for a specified time of storage of heat energy. This process involves maintaining the thermal stratification at different height levels of the storage tank, which minimizes the process of balancing the hot water. The aim of the experiments was to demonstrate the thermal energy la

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33

Sui, Xue Min, Yan Ling Guan, and Guang Hui Han. "Influence of Height Difference between Inlet and Outlet Center on Thermal Stratification in Rooms." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4944–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4944.

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For thermal natural ventilation, buoyancy plumes deriving from heating source make thermal stratification in room. The height difference between inlet and outlet is one of the important factors influencing thermal stratification. Taking a representative civil building with inside heating sources as the research object, using the technique of CFD, changing the height difference between inlet and outlet center, this paper gives simulation on the fluid field caused from thermal natural ventilation, analyzes the velocity field and temperature field under different simulation conditions, presents t

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34

Xu, Jiaxing, Minghan Luo, Dema Ba, Gongde Wu, Ligang Xu, and Taeseop Jeong. "Numerical Simulation Study on the Layered Phenomenon of Lakes and Reservoirs Destroyed by a Forced Circulation Device." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 5 (2022): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050665.

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Thermal stratification is a common phenomenon in lakes and reservoirs. It has a significant influence on water quality dynamics. The destruction of the thermal stratification of lakes and reservoirs can affect the water environment, improve the water quality and the water environment quality and prevent the occurrence of eutrophication. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) combined with a Eulerian two-phase flow model is used to predict the damage caused by an airlift device to the thermal stratification phenomenon of lake water. The results show that the two devices with differen

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35

GĘCA, Michał, Jacek HUNICZ, and Piotr JAWORSKI. "Numerical investigation into the effect of direct fuel injection on thermal stratification in HCCI engine." Combustion Engines 169, no. 2 (2017): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-224.

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Despite the fact that HCCI engines are distinguished by mixture homogeneity, some degree of stratification always appears inside a combustion chamber. It is especially applied to residual effect engines utilizing negative valve overlap. Mixture stratification is a result of the imperfect mixing of fresh air with trapped residuals. Direct fuel injection introduces stratification as well, due to fuel vaporization. As a consequence, the temperature within the combustion chamber is uneven. Thermal stratification affects auto-ignition timing and combustion evolution in a high extent. The purpose of

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36

Nath, Rupam Shankar, Rudra Kanta Deka, and Himangshu Kumar. "The Effect of Thermal Stratification on Unsteady Parabolic Flow past an Infinite Vertical Plate with Chemical Reaction." East European Journal of Physics, no. 4 (December 2, 2023): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-4-08.

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This research paper investigates the effects of thermal stratification on unsteady parabolic flow past an infinite vertical plate with chemical reaction. Using the Laplace transform method, analytical solutions are derived to simulate the physical process of the flow. The study considers the effects of thermal stratification on the flow field, as well as the effects of chemical reaction on the velocity, and temperature field. The results of the stratification case are then compared to the case of no stratification of a similar flow field. The results of this research can be used to improve und

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37

Jhung, Myung-Jo, and Young-Hwan Choi. "SURGE LINE STRESS DUE TO THERMAL STRATIFICATION." Nuclear Engineering and Technology 40, no. 3 (2008): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5516/net.2008.40.3.239.

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38

Hagerty, ML, N. Reyns, and J. Pineda. "Constrained nearshore larval distributions and thermal stratification." Marine Ecology Progress Series 595 (May 14, 2018): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12561.

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39

Chuo, P. Y., J. E. Ball, and I. H. Fisher. "Thermal stratification in drinking water service reservoirs." Australasian Journal of Water Resources 6, no. 2 (2003): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13241583.2003.11465219.

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40

Wang, Liangzhu (Leon), Xin Zhang, and Dahai Qi. "Indoor thermal stratification and its statistical distribution." Indoor Air 29, no. 2 (2018): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ina.12520.

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41

Henderson-Sellers, B., and A. M. Davies. "THERMAL STRATIFICATION MODELING FOR OCEANS AND LAKES." Annual Review of Heat Transfer 2, no. 2 (1989): 86–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/annualrevheattransfer.v2.50.

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42

Yih, Chia-Shun. "Instability resulting from stratification in thermal conductivity." Physics of Fluids 29, no. 6 (1986): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865603.

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S. Li and D. H. Willits. "Modeling Thermal Stratification in Fan-Ventilated Greenhouses." Transactions of the ASABE 51, no. 5 (2008): 1735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25307.

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44

Murthy, S. Satyanaryana, J. E. B. Nelson, and T. L. Sitharama Rao. "Effect of wall conductivity on thermal stratification." Solar Energy 49, no. 4 (1992): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(92)90006-v.

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45

Nakano, S., C. Jiao, K. Hayakawa, et al. "Effect of cyanobacterial blooms on thermal stratification." Limnology 1, no. 3 (2000): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s102010070006.

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46

Rice, Dale A., Ting‐Kuei Tsay, Steven W. Effler, and Charles T. Driscoll. "Modeling Thermal Stratification in Transparent Adirondack Lake." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 115, no. 4 (1989): 440–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1989)115:4(440).

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47

Owens, Emmet M., Steven W. Effler, and Francesco Trama. "VARIABILITY IN THERMAL STRATIFICATION IN A RESERVOIR." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 22, no. 2 (1986): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01878.x.

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48

Otto, Henning, Christian Resagk, and Christian Cierpka. "Optical Measurements on Thermal Convection Processes inside Thermal Energy Storages during Stand-By Periods." Optics 1, no. 1 (2020): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt1010011.

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Thermal energy storages (TES) are increasingly important for storing energy from renewable energy sources. TES that work with liquid storage materials are used in their most efficient way by stratifying the storage fluid by its thermal density gradient. Mixing of the stratification layers during stand-by periods decreases the thermal efficiency of the TES. Tank sidewalls, unlike the often poorly heat-conducting storage fluids, promote a heat flux from the hot to the cold layer and lead to thermal convection. In this experimental study planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and ba

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49

Chew, Lup Wai. "Buoyancy-driven natural ventilation: The role of thermal stratification and its impact on model accuracy." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339602038.

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Since the invention of mechanical ventilation systems, natural ventilation has been deemed inferior compared to active systems for ventilation of buildings. The recent COVID-19 pandemic and raising awareness of climate change issues have rekindled the interests in natural ventilation as a sustainable method for ventilation and pollutant removal. Modelling natural ventilation is challenging due to uncontrollable outdoor conditions. Simple models such as the well-mixed air model assume uniform indoor air temperature. However, thermal stratification can induce significant temperature differences

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50

Li, Yang, Ting-lin Huang, Zi-zhen Zhou, Sheng-hai Long, and Hai-han Zhang. "Effects of reservoir operation and climate change on thermal stratification of a canyon-shaped reservoir, in northwest China." Water Supply 18, no. 2 (2017): 418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.068.

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Abstract Thermal stratification has a significant impact on water quality and ecological characteristics. Reservoir operation and climate change have an effect on the thermal regime. The Jinpen Reservoir is a large canyon-shaped reservoir located in Shaanxi Province with a strong thermal stratification, which resulted in an anaerobic condition in the hypolimnion. We used a hydrodynamic module based on MIKE 3 to simulate the thermal structure of the Jinpen Reservoir and study the relationship between the thermal regime, reservoir operation and climate change. Based on the daily hydrological and

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