Journal articles: 'Thermally'

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Sun, Zhan, Huitao Yu, Yiyu Feng, and Wei Feng. "Application and Development of Smart Thermally Conductive Fiber Materials." Nanomaterials 14, no. 2 (2024): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14020154.

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In recent years, with the rapid advancement in various high-tech technologies, efficient heat dissipation has become a key issue restricting the further development of high-power-density electronic devices and components. Concurrently, the demand for thermal comfort has increased; making effective personal thermal management a current research hotspot. There is a growing demand for thermally conductive materials that are diversified and specific. Therefore, smart thermally conductive fiber materials characterized by their high thermal conductivity and smart response properties have gained increasing attention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of emerging materials and approaches in the development of smart thermally conductive fiber materials. It categorizes them into composite thermally conductive fibers filled with high thermal conductivity fillers, electrically heated thermally conductive fiber materials, thermally radiative thermally conductive fiber materials, and phase change thermally conductive fiber materials. Finally, the challenges and opportunities faced by smart thermally conductive fiber materials are discussed and prospects for their future development are presented.

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Imhof, R. E., F. R. Thornley, J. R. Gilchrist, and D. J. S. Birch. "Opto-thermal study of thermally insulating films on thermally conducting substrates." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 19, no. 10 (1986): 1829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/19/10/007.

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Guidotti, Ronald A., and Patrick J. Masset. "Thermally activated (“thermal”) battery technology." Journal of Power Sources 183, no. 1 (2008): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.04.090.

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Guidotti, Ronald A., and Patrick Masset. "Thermally activated (“thermal”) battery technology." Journal of Power Sources 161, no. 2 (2006): 1443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.013.

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Park, Yonggun, Yeonjung Han, Yong-Seok Choi, et al. "Correlation analysis between mass loss of wood due to thermal modification and equilibrium moisture content of thermally modified wood." BioResources 19, no. 1 (2024): 1283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1283-1294.

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This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the mass loss (ML) of wood due to thermal modification and the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of thermally modified wood. After thermal modification of larch lumber under various temperature and time conditions, ML according to treatment temperature and time was measured, and the (EMC) of the thermally modified wood was evaluated for each treatment condition. As the treatment temperature increased and the treatment time became longer, the ML of wood due to thermal modification increased. In addition, as the treatment temperature increased, the difference in EMC between the non-treated wood and the thermally modified wood tended to increase. Finally, a robust logarithmic correlation was observed between the ML due to thermal modification and the EMC of the thermally modified wood. These results suggest that the EMC of thermally modified wood can be predicted by simply measuring the weight of wood before and after thermal modification.

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Cook, W. D., T. F. Scott, S. Quay-Thevenon, and J. S. Forsythe. "Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of thermally stable and thermally reactive network polymers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 93, no. 3 (2004): 1348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20569.

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Akpan, Dianabasi, Sunday Ekpo, Christopher Effiong, and Mfoniso Aka. "THERMALLY-OPTICALLY-THERMALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE." IJRDO-Journal of Applied Science 9, no. 6 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/as.v9i6.4773.

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A three-stage energy band model was studied. The model consists of electrons thermally stimulated from the ground state to the first excited state, after which they were optically stimulated into the second excited state and they were finally stimulated thermally into the conduction band. A set of simultaneous differential equations was generated from the models and three assumed conditions were applied to this model, which they were solved analytically and analytical expressions were obtained. The same set of simultaneous equations were solved numerically using ode 15s MATLAB solver. When considering first-order peaks, the kinetic parameters obtained were found to be in good agreement with the analytical expressions. But when considering non first-order peaks, the kinetic parameters obtained numerically were not in good agreement with the analytical expressions and explanations had been given. Second-order peaks could not be obtained despite careful selection of the kinetic parameters because the traps were quickly saturated and the quasi- equilibrium conditions assumed could no longer be satisfied. The stability of the excited TA-OSL signals produced by the model was also studied. The real stability of the excited TA-OSL signals produced by this model was found to be about 46 million years.

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Ruan, Kunpeng, Yongqiang Guo, Chuyao Lu, et al. "Significant Reduction of Interfacial Thermal Resistance and Phonon Scattering in Graphene/Polyimide Thermally Conductive Composite Films for Thermal Management." Research 2021 (February 23, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/8438614.

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The developing flexible electronic equipment are greatly affected by the rapid accumulation of heat, which is urgent to be solved by thermally conductive polymer composite films. However, the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) and the phonon scattering at the interfaces are the main bottlenecks limiting the rapid and efficient improvement of thermal conductivity coefficients (λ) of the polymer composite films. Moreover, few researches were focused on characterizing ITR and phonon scattering in thermally conductive polymer composite films. In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was aminated (NH2-GO) and reduced (NH2-rGO), then NH2-rGO/polyimide (NH2-rGO/PI) thermally conductive composite films were fabricated. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to innovatively characterize phonon scattering and ITR at the interfaces in NH2-rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films, revealing the interfacial thermal conduction mechanism, proving that the amination optimized the interfaces between NH2-rGO and PI, reduced phonon scattering and ITR, and ultimately improved the interfacial thermal conduction. The in-plane λ (λ∥) and through-plane λ (λ⊥) of 15 wt% NH2-rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films at room temperature were, respectively, 7.13 W/mK and 0.74 W/mK, 8.2 times λ∥ (0.87 W/mK) and 3.5 times λ⊥ (0.21 W/mK) of pure PI film, also significantly higher than λ∥ (5.50 W/mK) and λ⊥ (0.62 W/mK) of 15 wt% rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films. Calculation based on the effective medium theory model proved that ITR was reduced via the amination of rGO. Infrared thermal imaging and finite element simulation showed that NH2-rGO/PI thermally conductive composite films obtained excellent heat dissipation and efficient thermal management capabilities on the light-emitting diodes bulbs, 5G high-power chips, and other electronic equipment, which are easy to generate heat severely.

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Chung, Woong June, and Jae-Han Lim. "Improved Thermally Activated Building System Design Method Considering Integration of Air Systems." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (June 26, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4928746.

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The purpose of the thermally activated building system design is to maintain the thermal comfort of the building indoor environment by securing enough thermal output of the system. For preventing the condensation on the thermally activated building system, the air system is mostly integrated with the thermally activated building system. However, the common design method in the standards only considers the thermal performance of the system itself and cannot reflect the effects of the air system. Thus, the design process of the thermally activated building system should include the consideration about the latent load and ventilation. In order to reflect the effect of the air system, the amount of sensible load removed by the thermally activated building system and air system should be included in the design process. The sensible load handled by the air system highly depends on the type of the air system and design consideration to prevent the condensation and maintain the indoor air quality. In this study, the air system choosing process was included by simulating and observing the sensible load removed by different types of the air system, and thermal performance adjustment in the design process was proposed.

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10

Rinkevicius, V., and G. Kavaliauskiene. "Thermal quenching of thermally stimulated conductivity." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 27, no. 6 (1994): 1267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/27/6/025.

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11

Guo, Ruijing. "Research on Reliability of Packaging Materials for PVT Modules." Advances in Material Science 4, no. 1 (2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/ams.2020.01.005.

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This paper studies the difference in heat transfer and adhesion performance of glass fiber substrate thermal conductive double-sided adhesive, PVC substrate double-sided adhesive, and PET substrate double-sided adhesive to thermal conductive materials and polymer materials in photovoltaic and thermal integrated modules. Studies have shown that the use of glass fiber-based thermally conductive double-sided adhesive to bond polymer materials and thermally conductive materials can achieve the normal use of PVT modules under weather-resistant conditions. Research has shown that glass fiber-based thermally conductive double-sided adhesive has better adhesion than other materials., Initial viscosity, static shear force, thermal conductivity, etc., can realize the normal use of PVT modules under weathering conditions.

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Cao, Peng, Brian Gabbitas, Ling Zheng, and De Liang Zhang. "Fabrication of Ti(Al,O)-Al₂O₃ Powder Feedstock for Thermal Spraying and Evaluation of Composite Coating." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.421.

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Ti(Al,O)-Al2O3 composite powders were produced by high energy mechanical milling of a mixture of Al and TiO2 powders followed by combustion reaction. The powders were then thermally sprayed on H13 steel substrates. Microstructural examination was conducted on the composite powders and thermally sprayed coatings using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of the coatings was evaluated in terms of microhardness and thermal fatigue. The thermally sprayed coatings showed fairly good performance in the preliminary thermal fatigue tests and did not display any wetting tendency to molten aluminum.

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Pelit, Hüseyin, and Ramazan Yorulmaz. "Influence of densification on mechanical properties of thermally pretreated spruce and poplar wood." BioResources 14, no. 4 (2019): 9739–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9739-9754.

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The effects of mechanical densification on density, Brinell hardness, bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and compression strength (CS) of thermally pretreated spruce (Picea orientalis) and poplar (Populus nigra) wood samples were investigated. Thermal treatment was applied on the wood samples at four different temperatures (140 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C) and two different durations (7 h and 9 h) under atmospheric pressure. Wood samples were then densified by compression at a temperature of 150 °C to two degrees (20% and 40%) of compression. The results indicated that the density, hardness, and MOR values of both compressed and non-compressed thermally pretreated spruce and poplar samples decreased with increasing treatment temperature and duration. At temperatures below 200 °C, the MOE was generally increased in thermally pretreated samples. However, the MOE was reduced in thermally pretreated samples at 200 °C compared to the untreated samples. Additionally, all thermal pretreatments increased CS values in compressed and non-compressed wood samples. The CS tended to decrease in thermally pretreated samples (especially 40% compressed) at 200 ºC. After the densification, all of the strength properties tested in thermally pretreated samples increased significantly depending on the increase in compression ratio.

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Lebedev, Sergey M., Olga S. Gefle, and Ernar T. Amitov. "Thermally Conductive Polymeric Materials and their Usage in LED-Devices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.159.

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The main thermal and morphology properties of novel thermally conductive polymeric materials are studied in this work. Novel thermally conductive materials can be used as heat-releasing materials in LED-lamps.

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15

Kamperidou, Vasiliki. "The Biological Durability of Thermally- and Chemically-Modified Black Pine and Poplar Wood Against Basidiomycetes and Mold Action." Forests 10, no. 12 (2019): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121111.

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Wood of black pine and poplar species were subjected to thermal modification under variant conditions, while subsequently, a number of the thermally-modified black pine specimens were subjected to surface modification with organosilane solutions, and the biological resistances of the different materials were examined using laboratory agar block tests against the action of basidiomycetes and microfungi. Thermally-modified pine specimens were exposed to the brown rot fungi Coniophora puteana and Oligoporus placenta, whereas poplar wood was exposed to the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor and O. placenta. Regarding the biological durability of thermally-chemically-treated pine wood with organosilanes, it was tested against the action of C. puteana. Additionally, both of the thermally-treated wood species, as well as thermally-chemically-treated pine wood were exposed to a microfungi mixture, so that the wood treatments efficacy would be evaluated through a visual assessment of fungal growth on the specimen’s surface The thermal treatments seem to increase the biological resistance of black pine against C. puteana by 9.65–36.73% compared to unmodified wood. The most significant increase in biological durability among all the thermally-treated wood categories was recorded by O. placenta, with 28.75–68.46% lower mass losses in treated pine specimens and 31.98–64.72% in thermally-treated poplar, respectively, compared to unmodified wood. The resistance of treated poplar against T. versicolor was also found increased (13.25–46.08%), compared to control. Thermal modification affected positively the biological resistance of both species, though it did not manage to protect effectively pine and poplar wood from the microfungi action. The combination of thermal and organosilanes treatment revealed a significant improvement of the durability of pine wood compared to? control (45.68–87.83% lower mass losses against C. puteana), as well as against the microfungi action, with the presence of benzin to have a positive effect on the silanes solutions performance and protective action.

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Chernov, Vasiliy Yu, Il’shat G. Gaisin, Anzhelika N. Nosova, and Elena M. Maltseva. "Water Absorption of Thermally Modified Wood Filler of Thermal Wood-Cement Composition." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 2 (April 2, 2024): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-201-215.

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In this article, the technological aspects of obtaining a new effective composite material based on thermally modified wood filler and cement binders – thermal wood concrete – are considered. The influence of water content in thermally modified wood filler on the qualitative characteristics of a wood-cement composition has been studied. To solve the theoretical problems and applied issues of forecasting the technological parameters for the production of thermal wood-cement composition, the mathematical models of the effect of soaking duration and water temperature on the relative change in the mass (dampening) of the filler have been developed. At the initial stage, experimental studies have been carried out to determine the effect of pre-soaking the filler on the curing of thermal wood concrete and the quality of the resulting material. The samples have been produced via vibrocompression of a semi-dry mixture using dry and pre-soaked filler made of thermally modified wood, as well as via vibratory casting. The regularities of moisture transfer between the filler and the cement-sand mortar have been determined, and it has also been established that pre-soaking the thermally modified filler has a positive effect on the strength and quality characteristics of thermal wood concrete. On the contrary, the use of the dry filler made of thermally modified wood in this molding method has a significant negative impact on the quality of the finished material. The process of moisture absorption by the thermally modified wood filler by soaking has been studied separately. The main regularities and features of water sorption by the filler have been established at the time intervals of 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 minutes and at the water temperatures of 3–4, 16–18 and 75–85 ℃. It has also been determined that additional water heating significantly accelerates the intensity of water sorption and the degree of dampening of thermally modified wood fillers, and the size of their particles does not play a significant role in the process. In this case, the recommended duration of soaking the thermally modified wood filler before preparing the mixture and molding the products made of thermal wood concrete via semi-dry vibrocompression is 30 minutes.

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Zhang, Duanwei, Fusheng Liu, Sheng Wang, Mengxi Yan, Xin Hu, and Mengying Xu. "D-GQDs Modified Epoxy Resin Enhances the Thermal Conductivity of AlN/Epoxy Resin Thermally Conductive Composites." Polymers 13, no. 23 (2021): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234074.

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This article proposes a method of increasing thermal conductivity (λ) by improving the λ value of a matrix and reducing the interfacial thermal resistance between such matrix and its thermally conductive fillers. D-GQDs (graphene quantum dots modified by polyetheramine D400) with a π–π-conjugated system in the center of their molecules, and polyether branched chains that are rich in amino groups at their edges, are designed and synthesized. AlN/DG-ER (AlN/D-GQDs-Epoxy resin) thermally conductive composites are obtained using AlN as a thermally conductive and insulating filler, using D-GQDs-modified epoxy resin as a matrix. All of the thermal conductivity, electrically insulating and physical–mechanical properties of AlN/DG-ER are investigated in detail. The results show that D-GQDs linked to an epoxy resin by chemical bonds can increase the value of λ of the epoxy–resin matrix and reduce the interfacial thermal resistance between AlN and DG-ER (D-GQDs–epoxy resin). The prepared AlN/DG-ER is shown to be a good thermally conductive and insulating packaging material.

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Mangurai, Silvia Uthari Nuzaverra Mayang, Sena Maulana, Rio Ardiansyah Murda, Soleh Muhamad, Wahyu Hidayat, and Yazid Bindar. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board Under Various Post-Thermal Treatment Duration." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 10, no. 3 (2022): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v10i3.594.

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Post-treatment of bamboo-oriented strand board (BOSB) through thermal modification can be an alternative to improve BOSB quality. This study aimed to analyze the effect of post-thermal treatment duration on the physical and mechanical properties of BOSB. Three-layers BOSB with a target density of 0.7 g/cm3 was made with the core layer perpendicular to the surface and bonded with 8% phenol-formaldehyde resin. The BOSB produced was then thermally-modified at 160°C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The physical and mechanical properties of BOSB were determined based on JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The results showed that the physical properties of the thermally-modified BOSB increased while the mechanical properties decreased compared to the untreated BOSB. The moisture content (MC), water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS) of BOSB decreased with the increase in post-thermal treatment duration. The decrease in MC, WA, and TS of the thermally-modified BOSB reached 38.60%, 11.92%, and 33.26%, respectively. In addition, the decrease in modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bonding of the thermally-modified BOSB reached 19.18%, 23.15%, and 53.51%, respectively. The results showed that TS, MOE, and MOR of the thermally-modified BOSB still could meet the 0437.0 standards for commercial OSB (Grade O-1). Keywords: bamboo-oriented strand board, Dendrocalamus asper, physical and mechanical properties, post-thermal treatment, treatment duration

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Troconis de Rincón, Oladis, Orlando Salas, Nathalie Romero, Ivan Lasa, Matthew Duncan, and Jenny Guan. "Metallic Coatings for Structural Steel in Marine Environments." Materials Performance 58, no. 1 (2019): 36–39. https://doi.org/10.5006/mp2019_58_1-36.

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This article discusses a comparative evaluation of the performance of various types of protective coatings available for the corrosion protection of structural steel components located in marine environments. An inorganic zinc primer, thermally applied zinc (99%), aluminum (99.5%), 85/15 zincaluminum alloy, and a new dual-coat system comprised of one coat of thermally applied zinc with a topcoat of thermally applied aluminum were evaluated. Some of the thermally applied systems were evaluated with and without a sealcoat. Also evaluated were hot-dipped galvanized specimens with and without the topcoat sealer, and specimens treated with a thermal diffusion galvanizing process.

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Yeetsorn, Rungsima, Yaowaret Maiket, and Thitinun Ungtrakul. "Experimental Study on Heat Dissipative Ability in Recycled Thermoplastic Vulcanizate and Reclaimed Rubber Composites." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.276.

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In our time with the growing cooling demand in electronics and energy industries, new thermally conductive materials are in high demand. Thermal gasket and thermal interface materials (TIM) are applications acquiring the characteristics of the thermally conductive materials. They are used to offer bonding strength and efficient heat dissipation for heat dissipating device applications. These materials are inserted between two components in order to increase the thermal coupling between them. Elastomeric materials are promising as the thermal gasket and TIM. They are, however, limited for thermal conductivity causing a thermal insulator behaviour. In this framework, the major challenge is to create suitable elastomeric composites for enhancing thermal conductivity, whereas remaining a good elastic behavior. This article presents the effects of thermally conductive fillers (aluminum nitrile and zinc oxide) on thermal properties and flexibility of recycled thermoplastic elastomer vulcanizate composites and reclaimed rubber composites, while the analysis of composite morphology is scrutinized. The objective of this research is to perceive the characteristics of recycled elastomeric composites in order to deduce a fundamental notion to develop the gaskets or TIMs from recycled materials. New flexible composites are capable to provide approximately 0.4 W/m-K of thermal conductivity. The result indicates that the composites are conceivable to be applied for thermally conductive tape or adhesive applications which required the thermal conductivity in the range of 0.4-0.5 W/m-K.

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Raman, Chandrashekar. "Thermally Conductive Plastics for Enhanced Thermal Management." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, no. 1 (2015): 000530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-wp66.

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Electronic devices continue to shrink while continuing to offer increasing functionality. This trend poses a significant challenge to design engineers who need to adequately address the increasing thermal management requirements of these devices on a shrinking footprint. Thermally conductive plastics have been gaining attention as an innovative new material option to address this challenge. While plastics are typically poor conductors of heat, it is possible to increase the thermal conductivity with the use of certain additives. Unique ceramic additives like boron nitride offer the added advantage of enabling thermally conductive plastic formulations that are also electrically insulating. The replacement of aluminum heat sinks in free (natural) convection environments with thermally conductive plastics is discussed in this paper. The results show it may indeed be possible to replace aluminum with thermally conductive plastic heat sinks in convection limited environments, and if judicious redesign of the plastic heat sink is incorporated, an improved thermal management solution can be realized. Additionally, the benefits of enhancing existing plastic housings to enable an improved thermal management solution are discussed. The results also show that modest enhancements to the thermal conductivity of existing plastic housings can yield significant improvements to the overall thermal management solution as well.

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Graetsch, Heribert A. "Thermal expansion and thermally induced variations of the crystal structure of AlPO4 low cristobalite." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte 2003, no. 7 (2003): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0289.

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Diwan, S. Rawat. "Target directed enediynes Chemical and biological significance." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 85, Feb 2008 (2008): 130–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5808681.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India E-mail : dsrawat@chemistry.du.ac.in Manuscript received 26 November 2007, accepted 30 November 2007 The novel chemical framework and potent antitumor activity of the enediyne natural products such as calicheamicin, dynemicin, esperamicin, and neocarzinostatin has fostered interest in the development of simple enediynes with low thermal cyclization temperature. It is well established that thermally labial enediynes exhibit anticancer activity, while there are few scattered examples in the literature about the biological importance of thermally stable enediynes. The present article deals with the synthesis, thermal reactivity of metalloenediynes, and antibacterial activity of thermally stable cyclic enediynes.

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Chen, Gooi Mee, and Yew Hau Yip. "Leveque-Type Similarity Transformation for a Thermally Developing Viscous Dissipative Flow in a Parallel Plate Channel." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 4 (2021): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390440.

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Compared to the existing more elaborate eigenvalues-eigenfunction analytical solution where the solution of a thermally developing forced convection problem converges very slowly at the beginning of thermal entrant region, Leveque-type similarity transformation method provides a more convenient way to look into the insights of the problem. Assuming that the wall heat flux and viscous dissipation only has an effect within the thin thermal boundary layer at the beginning of the thermal entrance region, this study intends to solve the governing thermal energy equation for a thermally developing flow in a parallel plate channel, subjected to uniform heat flux, by means of Leveque-type similarity transformation. The resulting ordinary differential equation, is subsequently solved by a fourth order Runge Kutta method. A comparison of the Nusselt number along the axial direction, at the beginning of the thermally developing region with the literature, reveals less than 10% discrepancy for Brinkman number less than one, which is a commonly acceptable range for practical applications. Although its accuracy depletes downstream the channel, similarity transformation provides sufficiently accurate temperature distribution, and captures the heat transfer insights for a thermally developing viscous dissipative forced convection.

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Song, You, Jiangang Deng, Zhuolin Xu, Yu Nie, and Zhenbo Lan. "Effect of Thermal Aging on Mechanical Properties and Color Difference of Glass Fiber/Polyetherimide (GF/PEI) Composites." Polymers 14, no. 1 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010067.

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This research study is aimed at evaluating the mechanical characteristics in terms of tensile strength and flexural strength of glass fiber reinforced Polyetherimide (GF/PEI) under different thermal aging. Tensile testing and bending testing were performed on the thermally aged polyetherimide composites. The mechanical properties of the thermally aged samples were also correlated with their color difference. The experimental results showed that both the tensile strength and flexural strength of the GF/PEI composite samples decreased with increasing aging temperature. However, the elastic modulus of the composite samples is nearly independent on the thermal aging. The thermally aged samples exhibited brittle fracture, resulting in low strength and low ductility. The loss in strength after thermal aging could be also linked to the change of their color difference, which can indirectly reflect the change of the strength for the composites after thermal aging.

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Haider, Imran, Iftikhar Hussain Gul, Malik Adeel Umer, and Mutawara Mahmood Baig. "Silica-Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Microelectronic Applications: Effects of Curing Routes." Materials 16, no. 5 (2023): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051790.

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For curing of fiber-reinforced epoxy composites, an alternative to thermal heating is the use of microwave energy, which cures quickly and consumes less energy. Employing thermal curing (TC) and microwave (MC) curing methods, we present a comparative study on the functional characteristics of fiber-reinforced composite for microelectronics. The composite prepregs, prepared from commercial silica fiber fabric/epoxy resin, were separately cured via thermal and microwave energy under curing conditions (temperature/time). The dielectric, structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of composite materials were investigated. Microwave cured composite showed a 1% lower dielectric constant, 21.5% lower dielectric loss factor, and 2.6% lower weight loss, than thermally cured one. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed a 20% increase in the storage and loss modulus along with a 15.5% increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of microwave-cured compared to thermally cured composite. The fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed similar spectra of both the composites; however, the microwave-cured composite exhibited higher tensile (15.4%), and compression strength (4.3%) than the thermally cured composite. These results illustrate that microwave-cured silica-fiber-reinforced composite exhibit superior electrical performance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties compared to thermally cured silica fiber/epoxy composite in a shorter time and the expense of less energy.

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Borshchov, V. M., O. M. Listratenko, M. A. Protsenko, et al. "Structural modeling and calculation of thermal conductivity of polyimide composite materials." Radiotekhnika, no. 211 (December 30, 2022): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2022.4.211.10.

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Issues of direct modeling effective thermal conductivity of two-component thermally conductive polyimide composite films based on polyimide thermosetting varnishes and thermally conductive powder fillers are considered. 3D-structural modeling of elementary cubic cells of polyimide composites has been performed. Calculations of average heat fluxes and effective thermal conductivity of variants of polyimide composite films with the introduction of highly thermally conductive highly dispersed and ultradispersed powder fillers into the polyimide matrix were carried out, including those from SiO2, SiC, Al2O3, AlN, taking into account boundary and initial conditions using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software. Specific recommendations are proposed for direct modeling of the thermal conductivity of environments with a complex structure and for carrying out with sufficient reliability numerical calculations of the effective thermal conductivity of polyimide composite films in order to increase their thermal conductivity from 0,12 W/(m•K) up to 1-4 W/(m•K) by changing concentration and thermal conductivity of mixtures of filler particles of micron and ultramicron sizes.

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Bandhu, Din, B. Pravallika, Abhishek Kaushik, Surovi Paul, Hanaa Addai Ali, and Vishal Sharma. "Revolutionizing Material Science: Exploring the Novel Applications of Thermally-Enhanced Processes in Next-Generation Materials." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001140.

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With the emergence of novel thermally accelerated methods, the area of material science has undergone a paradigm shift, opening up previously unimaginable possibilities for the creation of next-generation materials with improved properties and functionalities. In order to shape the materials of the future, this paper explores the ground-breaking uses of thermally accelerated techniques such quick thermal annealing, spark plasma sintering, and laser-assisted deposition. Due to sluggish diffusion rates and incomplete reactions, traditional materials synthesis and processing processes frequently have trouble producing materials with the appropriate characteristics. This allows for accurate atomic-level manipulation of material microstructures. The engineering of materials with specific mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties is made possible by the fine-tuning of microstructures. The importance of thermally accelerated processes in a variety of material classes, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, is highlighted in this research. The use of thermally enhanced processes shows potential in promoting sustainable practises, as materials play a crucial part in addressing global concerns. These procedures help to reduce waste and conserve resources by enabling the effective recycling and upcycling of materials through controlled thermal treatments. The report also highlights the potential effects of thermally enhanced techniques on future industries such as flexible electronics, renewable energy systems, and medicinal devices, where specialised materials with outstanding performance are crucial.

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Chen, Xingquan, Weihua Zhang, An’yong Wang, Luping Xu, Yang Xiao, and Yuling Gao. "CT Scan Characterization of Thermally Tested Hollow Cylindrical Propellant." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, no. 4 (2024): 042002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/4/042002.

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Abstract In order to study microscopic characteristics of thermally tested hollow cylindrical propellant, BT-400 industrial CT equipment was used to scan the heights of 50mm, 150mm and 250mm from the bottom of the propellants. 1 DR image and 12 CT images obtained. The propellant’s external diameter, inner hollow diameter, CT value and density difference of each CT scan region were measured with these CT images. The results show that, compared with normal temperature (25°C) experiment, the outside diameter and inner hollow diameter of thermally tested propellant at low temperature (−45°C) decreased, and its density increased; The outside diameter and inner hollow diameter of thermally tested propellant at high temperature (+70°C) increased, and its density decreased. Although no thermal damage forms such as inclusions, cracks and debonding were found in all CT scan images of thermally tested propellants, some low-density shrinkage pores were found in some CT scan images of thermally tested propellants, but these low density pores had no effect on the density distribution and uniformity of thermally tested propellants. CT scan microscopic characterization of thermally tested hollow cylindrical propellant is of great significance to evaluate propellant quality.

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Liu, Yu-Rui, and Yan-Fei Xu. "Research progress of polymers with high thermal conductivity." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 2 (2022): 023601. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211876.

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<sec>Developing thermally conductive polymers is of fundamental interest and technological importance. Common polymers have low thermal conductivities on the order of 0.1 W·m–1·K–1 and thus are regarded as thermal insulators. Compared with the traditional heat conductors (metals and ceramics), polymers have unparalleled combined properties such as light weight, corrosion resistance, electrical insulation and low cost. Turning polymer insulators into heat conductors will provide new opportunities for future thermal management applications. Polymers may replace many metals and ceramics, serving as lightweight heat dissipators in electronics, refrigerators, and electrical vehicles.</sec><sec>In this review and perspectives, we discuss the research progress of thermal transport mechanisms in polymers and reveal the relations between thermal conductivity and polymer structural parameters such as bond strength, crystallinity, crystallite size, chain orientation, radius of gyration, and molecular weight. We discuss the advanced strategies for developing thermally conductive polymers by both bottom-up and top-down approaches. We highlight how thermally conductive polymers provide new opportunities for thermal management applications. Finally, we emphasize the future challenges to and opportunities for designing and synthesizing polymers with metal-like thermal conductivity and exploring the thermal transport physics in polymers. We believe that the thermally conductive polymers with their unparalleled combination of characteristics (light weight, electrical insulation, easy processability, corrosion resistance, etc.) promise to possess many existing and unforeseen thermal management applications.</sec>

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Martini, M., G. Spinolo, and A. Vedda. "Thermally stimulated luminescence of thermally grown SiO2films." Radiation Effects 105, no. 1-2 (1987): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00337578708210066.

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Li, Zhenghong, Haibao Lu, Yongtao Yao, and Long Lin. "Thermomechanical performance and shape recovery behaviour of shape memory polymer nanocomposite incorporated with hexagonal boron nitride." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 1 (2017): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-01-2016-0016.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an effective approach to significantly improve the thermomechanical properties of shape memory polymer (SMP) nanocomposites that show fast thermally responsive shape recovery. Design/methodology/approach Hexagonal boron nitrides (h-BNs) were incorporated into polymer matrix in an attempt to improve the thermal conductivity and thermally responsive shape recovery behaviour of SMP, respectively. Thermally actuated shape recovery behaviour was recorded and monitored instrumentally. Findings The results show that both glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermomechanical properties of the SMP nanocomposites have been progressively improved with increasing concentration of h-BNs. Analytical results also suggest that the fast-responsive recovery behaviour of the SMP nanocomposite incorporated with h-BNs was due to the increased thermal conductivity. Research limitations/implications A simple way for fabricating SMP nanocomposites with enhanced thermally responsive shape recovery based on the incorporation of h-BNs was developed. Originality/value The outcome of this study may help fabrication of SMP nanocomposites with fast responsive recovery behaviour.

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Yan, Li, Jed Cappallazzi, and Jeffrey J. Morrell. "Aboveground Field Performance of Douglas-Fir Heartwood Subjected to Combinations of Glycerol, Boron, and Thermal Modification." Forest Products Journal 71, no. 1 (2021): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00058.

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Abstract The effect of pretreatment with either boron or glycerol followed by thermal modification on the durability of Douglas-fir heartwood was evaluated in an American Wood Protection Association ground proximity test in Hilo, Hawaii. Non–thermally modified samples were generally more heavily decayed than any of the modified woods, but there was no consistent effect of different thermal modification conditions on decay resistance. Thermally modified woods tended to perform better than untreated timbers but not as well as copper azole–treated Douglas-fir heartwood lumber in test at the same site. The results are discussed in relation to how the extreme site conditions might have made it difficult for thermally modified materials to perform.

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Zelinka, Samuel, Leandro Passarini, Frederick Matt, and Grant Kirker. "Corrosiveness of Thermally Modified Wood." Forests 11, no. 1 (2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010050.

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Thermally modified wood is becoming commercially available in North America for use in outdoor applications. While there have been many studies on how thermal modification affects the dimensional stability, water vapor sorption, and biodeterioration of wood, little is known about whether thermally modified wood is corrosive to metal fasteners and hangers used to hold these members in place. As thermally modified wood is used in outdoor applications, it has the potential to become wet which may lead to corrosion of embedded fasteners. Here, we examine the corrosiveness of thermally modified ash and oak in an exposure test where stainless steel, hot-dip galvanized steel, and carbon steel nails are driven into wood and exposed to a nearly 100% relative humidity environment at 27 °C for one year. The corrosion rates were compared against control specimens of untreated and preservative-treated southern pine. Stainless steel fasteners did not corrode in any specimens regardless of the treatment. The thermal modification increased the corrosiveness of the ash and oak, however, an oil treatment that is commonly applied by the manufacturer to the wood after the heat treatment reduced the corrosiveness. The carbon steel fasteners exhibited higher corrosion rates in the thermally modified hardwoods than in the preservative-treated pine control. Corrosion rates of galvanized fasteners in the hardwoods were much lower than carbon steel fasteners. These data can be used to design for corrosion when building with thermally modified wood, and highlight differences between corrosion of metals embedded in wood products.

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Pawlowski, L., and P. Fauchais. "Thermal transport properties of thermally sprayed coatings." International Materials Reviews 37, no. 1 (1992): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/imr.1992.37.1.271.

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Hardy, Bruce J., Claudio Corgnale, and Stephanie N. Gamble. "Operating Characteristics of Metal Hydride-Based Solar Energy Storage Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 12117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112117.

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Thermochemical energy storage systems, based on a high-temperature metal hydride coupled with a low-temperature metal hydride, represent a valid option to store thermal energy for concentrating solar power plant applications. The operating characteristics are investigated for a tandem hydride bed energy storage system, using a transient lumped parameter model developed to identify the technical performance of the proposed system. The results show that, without operational control, the system undergoes a thermal ratcheting process, causing the metal hydride concentrations to accumulate hydrogen in the high-temperature bed over time, and deplete hydrogen in the low temperature. This unbalanced system is compared with a ’thermally balanced’ system, where the thermal ratcheting is mitigated by thermally balancing the overall system. The analysis indicates that thermally balanced systems stabilize after the first few cycles and remain so for long-term operation, demonstrating their potential for practical thermal energy storage system applications.

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Hu, X. Jack, Matthew A. Panzer, and Kenneth E. Goodson. "Infrared Microscopy Thermal Characterization of Opposing Carbon Nanotube Arrays." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 1 (2006): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2401202.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received much recent research interest for thermal management applications due to their extremely high thermal conductivity. An advanced thermal interface structure made of two opposing, partially overlapped CNT arrays is designed for thermally connecting two contact surfaces. The performance of this interface structure is thermally characterized using diffraction-limited infrared microscopy. Significant temperature discontinuities are found at the CNT-CNT contact region, which indicates a large thermal resistance between CNTs. Due to this intertube resistance, the thermal performance of the CNT-based interface structure is far below expectation (with a thermal resistance value about 3.8×10−4Km2∕W).

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Zhang, Yang, Shichang Wang, Hong Wu, and Shaoyun Guo. "Constructing Heterostructured MWCNT-BN Hybrid Fillers in Electrospun TPU Films to Achieve Superior Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Insulation Properties." Polymers 16, no. 15 (2024): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16152139.

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The development of thermally conductive polymer/boron nitride (BN) composites with excellent electrically insulating properties is urgently demanded for electronic devices. However, the method of constructing an efficient thermally conductive network is still challenging. In the present work, heterostructured multi-walled carbon nanotube-boron nitride (MWCNT-BN) hybrids were easily prepared using an electrostatic self-assembly method. The thermally conductive network of the MWCNT-BN in the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix was achieved by the electrospinning and stack-molding process. As a result, the in-plane thermal conductivity of TPU composite films reached 7.28 W m−1 K−1, an increase of 959.4% compared to pure TPU films. In addition, the Foygel model showed that the MWCNT-BN hybrid filler could largely decrease thermal resistance compared to that of BN filler and further reduce phonon scattering. Finally, the excellent electrically insulating properties (about 1012 Ω·cm) and superior flexibility of composite film make it a promising material in electronic equipment. This work offers a new idea for designing BN-based hybrids, which have broad prospects in preparing thermally conductive composites for further practical thermal management fields.

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Guo, Yi, Peng Zhao, and Gang Chen. "Theoretical design of thermal spin molecular logic gates by using a combinational molecular junction." Chinese Physics B 31, no. 4 (2022): 047202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac3a5f.

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Based on the density functional theory combined with the nonequilibrium Green function methodology, we have studied the thermally-driven spin-dependent transport properties of a combinational molecular junction consisting of a planar four-coordinate Fe molecule and a 15,16-dinitrile dihydropyrene/cyclophanediene molecule, with single-walled carbon nanotube bridge and electrode. Our results show that the magnetic field and light can effectively regulate the thermally-driven spin-dependent currents. Perfect thermal spin-filtering effect and good thermal switching effect are realized. The results are explained by the Fermi–Dirac distribution function, the spin-resolved transmission spectra, the spatial distribution of molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian orbitals, and the spin-resolved current spectra. On the basis of these thermally-driven spin-dependent transport properties, we have further designed three basic thermal spin molecular AND, OR, and NOT gates.

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McIntire, LC, and PE Bourdeau. "World’s largest chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri) is an inefficient thermoregulator." Marine Ecology Progress Series 652 (October 15, 2020): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13477.

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Rocky intertidal zones are some of the most thermally stressful environments on earth, where ectotherms deal with tidally driven fluctuations in air and water temperatures that can exceed their maximum thermal tolerance. However, not all intertidal ectotherms face the same exposure risk. In northern regions of the eastern Pacific, summertime low tides occur during midday, exposing ectotherms to potentially stressful temperatures, whereas cooler pre-dawn low tides in southern regions buffer ectotherms from thermal stress. Gumboot chitons Cryptochiton stelleri are thermally sensitive intertidal grazers that range from southern California to Alaska, exposing them to a mosaic of thermal stresses. We quantified chiton thermal performance limits in the laboratory by testing the effects of elevated air and water temperatures on grazing. We also compared the thermoregulation efficiency of chitons from thermally benign northern California sites with those from thermally stressful San Juan Island, Washington sites, using 3 components: (1) biomimetic thermal models deployed intertidally, (2) chiton body temperatures in the field, and (3) chiton thermal preference in a laboratory-based thermal gradient. We found that chiton grazing performance was greatly reduced at 18°C in water, and they reached their grazing performance limit after exposure to 20°C in air, confirming previous work documenting thermal limits on chiton respiration. Chitons preferred body temperatures within 3°C of their thermal performance limits, but they rarely achieved body temperatures that would maximize grazing in the field. This suggests that chitons are not thermoregulating efficiently with respect to maximizing grazing performance, but instead are minimizing exposure to temperatures that would be detrimental to their performance.

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Chen, Si Hai, and Shan Yuan Wang. "Effect of Thermal Stimuli on Physical Behaviors of PET/PTT Bicomponent Filament." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.280.

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PET/PTT bicomponent filament composed of PTT and PET arranged side-by-side often manifest high curliness after being thermally stimulated at different temperature. In this article, we report an investigation of the effect of thermal stimuli on the performances of PET/PTT bicomponent filament under various temperatures. Both the original and the thermally stimulated ones were characterized by mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical and optical methods. The changes of other relevant properties were also discussed.

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Li, Hongbin, Jiyang Diao, and Penggang Jin. "Study on the change rule of thermal damage on the properties of D-RDX energetic materials." Vibroengineering Procedia 51 (October 20, 2023): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2023.23487.

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The thermal damage process of the energetic material sample D-RDX was simulated by the thermal accelerated aging test, and the physical and explosive properties of the thermally damaged D-RDX energetic material were measured. The results showed that the physical properties of D-RDX did not change significantly under the test conditions, but the impact safety was significantly different, and the safety of the thermally damaged D-RDX sample showed greater dispersion.

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Fletcher, L. S., M. A. Lambert, and E. E. Marotta. "Thermal Enhancement Coatings for Microelectronic Systems." Journal of Electronic Packaging 120, no. 3 (1998): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792627.

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The power densities and heat generation in microelectronic systems have increased dramatically as individual electronic components have been miniaturized. As a result of the growing number of thermally-induced failures in these systems, their thermal performance has become the focus of increasing concern. The use of thermally conducting interstitial coatings within and between electronic components has proven to be one technique suitable for thermal enhancement. This review will address both metallic and nonmetallic coatings suitable for thermal enhancement and discuss some of the major areas of application.

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Wang, Yan Dong, Han Ping Hu, and Dong Dong Wang. "Generalized Theory of Thermo-Acoustic Emission from Nanocrystalline Porous Silicon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.734.

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In this work, a general expression of the thermo-acoustic (TA) emission from nanocrystalline porous silicon (nc-PS) is derived by using a fully thermally-mechanically coupled multilayer TA model. This expression takes thermal, mechanical, and geometry properties of every layer in a multilayer structure, as well as the thermal contact resistances between layers into consideration and hence agrees well with the experimental results. Therefore, many fundamental problems in thermally induced ultrasonic emission from nanoporous silicon can be studied.

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Yang, Wei, Yun Chen, Yipeng Zhang, et al. "Thermal Conductance of Epoxy/Alumina Interfaces." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2133, no. 1 (2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2133/1/012002.

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Abstract The interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) between filler and polymer matrix is considered as one of the important factors that limits the thermal conductivity of thermally conductive polymer composites. The effect of two different surface treatments (piranha solution and plasma) on ITC of epoxy/alumina was investigated using Time-domain thermoreflectance method (TDTR). The TDTR results show that compared with non-treated samples, the ITC of samples treated by piranha solution and plasma increased 2.9 times and 3.4 times, respectively. This study provides guidance for improving the thermal conductivity of thermally conductive polymer composites.

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Owais, Mohammad, Aleksei Shiverskii, Amit Kumar Pal, Biltu Mahato, and Sergey G. Abaimov. "Recent Studies on Thermally Conductive 3D Aerogels/Foams with the Segregated Nanofiller Framework." Polymers 14, no. 22 (2022): 4796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224796.

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As technology advances toward ongoing circuit miniaturization and device size reduction followed by improved power density, heat dissipation is becoming a key challenge for electronic equipment. Heat accumulation can be prevented if the heat from electrical equipment is efficiently exported, ensuring a device’s lifespan and dependability and preventing otherwise possible mishaps or even explosions. Hence, thermal management applications, which include altering the role of aerogels from thermally insulative to thermally conductive, have recently been a hot topic for 3D-aerogel-based thermal interface materials. To completely comprehend three-dimensional (3D) networks, we categorized and comparatively analyzed aerogels based on carbon nanomaterials, namely fibers, nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide, which have capabilities that may be fused with boron nitride and impregnated for better thermal performance and mechanical stability by polymers, including epoxy, cellulose, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). An alternative route is presented in the comparative analysis by carbonized cellulose. As a result, the development of structurally robust and stiff thermally conductive aerogels for electronic packaging has been predicted to increase polymer thermal management capabilities. The latest trends include the self-organization of an anisotropic structure on several hierarchical levels within a 3D framework. In this study, we highlight and analyze the recent advances in 3D-structured thermally conductive aerogels, their potential impact on the next generation of electronic components based on advanced nanocomposites, and their future prospects.

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Aniekan, Essienubong Ikpe Michael Okon Bassey. "Modelling and Simulation of Transient Thermal Stress Distribution across AISI 1018 Flat Plates at Variable Welding Temperature Regime." Journal of Materials Engineering, Structures and Computation 2, no. 3 (2023): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8297860.

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In recent times, failure in structural components has been attributed to a lack of improper understanding of material behaviour under welding temperature, during which thermally induced stresses are trapped (residual stress) within the weldment. This study investigated the effects of variable Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding temperature across AISI 1018 flat plates concerning thermal stress distribution using experimental and Finite Element Method at welding temperatures ranging from 6800-9600oF. Thermally-induced stresses of 4244.373 and 4345.894 MPa were obtained from both FEM and Experimental process at a welding temperature of 680oF while the thermally induced stress values at a higher welding temperature of 9600oF for FEM and experimental process were obtained as 10786.858 and 12124.269 MPa. The study revealed a significant correlation established between the experimentally induced thermal stress distribution and the FEM-induced thermal stress distribution. Moreover, thermally induced stresses were observed to increase as the welding temperature also increased and vice versa. Hence, the FEM approach employed in the study can be adopted as a novel technique for modelling, prediction and control of welding temperature to prevent intense welding heat from translating into detrimental defects due to creep mechanism (thermal loading temperature on material geometry), which may result in untimely failure of component materials in welding-related applications.

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Wang, Zhe, Mengxiao Chen, Yu Zheng, et al. "Advanced Thermally Drawn Multimaterial Fibers: Structure-Enabled Functionalities." Advanced Devices & Instrumentation 2021 (March 13, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9676470.

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Thermally drawn multimaterial fibers have experienced rapid development in the past two decades owing to the high scalability, uniformity, and material and structure compatibility of the thermal drawing technique. This article reviews various multimaterial fibers based on different functional structures and their applications in disparate fields. We start from the functional structures achieved in optical fibers developed in the early stage of thermally drawn fibers. Subsequently, we introduce both typical functional structures and unique structures created in multimaterial fibers for varying applications. Next, we present the early attempts in breaking the axial symmetric structures of thermally drawn fibers for extended functionalities. Additionally, we summarize the current progress on creating surface structures on thermally drawn fibers. Finally, we provide an outlook for this trending topic towards wearable devices and smart textiles.

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Burzo, Mihai G., Pavel L. Komarov, and Peter E. Raad. "A Study of the Effect of Surface Metalization on Thermal Conductivity Measurements by the Transient Thermo-Reflectance Method." Journal of Heat Transfer 124, no. 6 (2002): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1517265.

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This work is a numerical and experimental investigation of the effect of the use of a metallic absorption layer on the laser-based measurements of the thermal conductivity of dielectric, semiconductor, and highly-conductive materials. The specific experimental studies, which were carried out on silicon dioxide samples, were used to validate the numerical approach and to support the findings of this investigation. The numerical and supporting experimental results reveal the presence of behaviors associated with thermally thin and thermally thick absorption layers, depending on the ratio between the thickness of the absorption layer and the heat penetration depth. It is concluded that the TTR method performs optimally when the thickness of the metalization layer falls in the transition range between the identified thermally thin and thermally thick layers.

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Moghtaderi, Behdad, Tri Poespowati, Eric M. Kennedy, and Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski. "The role of extinction on the re-ignition potential of wood-based embers in bushfires." International Journal of Wildland Fire 16, no. 5 (2007): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf06029.

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The re-ignition potential of partially burnt wood-based embers was investigated theoretically by studying their extinction characteristics. An adaptation of Semenov’s thermal explosion theory was used in conjunction with a linear stability analysis to determine the critical particle size at which extinction occurs. Particles of various shapes were studied and the analysis was carried out for both thermally thin and thermally thick particles. The results of our analysis indicate that thermally thick embers are less susceptible to extinction than thermally thin ones and, as such, are more prone to re-ignition. The results also show that the extinction of wood embers is strongly affected by the particle temperature, particle shape, and reaction kinetics. The effects of ambient conditions were found to be less pronounced than particle properties.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermally'

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