Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thermique – Protection'
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Toustou, Mathilde. "Stabilisation thermique de protéines par des polymères." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066424.
Full textCombaret, Christophe Macovschi Mihail. "Comportement thermique des composants de protection contre les effets indirects de la foudre." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2001. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=combaret.
Full textCombaret, Christophe. "Comportement thermique des composants de protection contre les effets indirects de la foudre." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0055/these.pdf.
Full textHigh power avalanche diodes, often sold as "transil" diodes, represent an attractive solution for the protection of electronic systems against lightning induced effects. These effects are generated (resistive, capacitive or inductive coupling) when an electric conductor is very close to metallic mass directly hit by a lightning stroke). Reliable and rational implementation of a transil diode needs a thermo-electrical fitting as sharp as possible. The proposed model is based both on the diode mechanical structure for its thermal side and on a SPICE-like system for its electrical side. The model numerical parameters computation and use have been validated with experimental data. On the other hand, long-term behavior of a transil diode hit by lightning induced effects is not well known. So, the second part of this work concerns degradation and weakening effects appearing in normal work conditions of the component. Experimental equipments (high energy pulses generator and measurement setup) have been developped. Preliminary observations have showed differences in the diode behavior under, in one hand, high energy and low current pulses and, in the other hand, high current and low energy pulses. Then, a systematic study showed differences between these two behavior. In the first case, two phenomena leading to a typical increasing of reverse leakage current have been studied and analysed. They appear to be linked to localized breakdown and setting up of deep levels in the junction
Wang, Yan. "Réalisation par projection thermique de dépôts pour la protection contre l'érosion par cavitation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA004/document.
Full textIn order to protect the hydraulic components from cavitation erosion phenomena, the parts are often coated by thermal spraying. Buck YSZ shows an excellent performance against cavitation erosion. However, the cavitation erosion resistance of YSZ coatings have vaguely been studied. Therefore, in this study, YSZ were manufactured with different thermal spraying processes and post-treated by laser remelting, then they were subjected to cavitation tests according to ASTM G32.The YSZ coating was first manufactured by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Various sizes of YSZ powder and different preheating temperatures of the substrate were studied to observe their effect on the cavitation behavior of the samples. The acoustic cavitation simulation of the Caflisch type has been used to estimate the speed of the water jet and the stresses exerted by the collapse of the bubbles on the surface of the samples. The cavitation results of the two YSZ and 304SS coatings were aslo studied to discuss cavitation damage of a thermally sprayed coating.Then in order to densify these samples, YSZ-NiCrBSi composite coatings containing from 5 to 25 wt% NiCrBSi in the mixture were manufactured with the APS process. The results of cavitation erosion show that low adhesion of NiCrBSi particles counterbalances the positive effect of decreasing porosity in these coatings. The YSZ coating was then post-treated by laser remelting and various laser parameters were tested to optimize their densification. It turns out that laser remelting produces a dense surface layer but also cracks inside the coatings. Exposed to the cavitation erosion test, it was observed significant removal of the remelted parts of the coating and, resulting in rapid mass loss. This is why epoxy has been used to infiltrate these cracks. The laser remelted and epoxy infiltrated coating exhibits a significant improvement in cavitation resistance. Finally, the vacuum plasma spraying method (VPS), which provides very dense coatings, was used to make the YSZ coating. A porosity coating of less than 1% was obtained. Due to the high temperature of the substrate during VPS projection, the interlamellar bonds are improved, contributing to a significant increase of cavitation resistance
Lechêne, Sullivan. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des rideaux d'eau pour la protection contre le rayonnement thermique." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539894.
Full textVerdier-Gorcias, David. "Stockage thermique de protection à chaleur latente intégré à un récepteur solaire à air pressurisé." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0003/document.
Full textThe thesis deals with the problem of thermal inertia and life time of the solar receiver of a Concentrated Solar Power tower plant. A specific attention is paid to the situation of HSGT (Hybridized Solar Gas Turbine) systems using pressurized air as HTF (Heat Transfer Fluid). The intermittence of solar radiation, mainly resulting from cloudy events, causes important temperature fluctuations that contribute to the premature aging. Therefore, a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is developed for the protection of the receiver. The design focuses on the high temperature section of the receiver. As a consequence of the elevation of temperature in this stage, the expected temperature of the receiver ranges between 600°C and 800°C. Once the receiver is no longer irradiated, the temperature of the outlet air of the receiver, which is 750°C at designed point, decreases below 400°C in less than 15 minutes. The objective is to integrate the TES into the solar receiver to maintain this air temperature higher than 600°C after 15 minutes of discharge. A low capacity TES is targeted. Besides, the storage should enhance the lifetime of the receiver during the operation, by avoiding temperature drops. A test bench is designed based on a technology using both Phase Change Material (PCM) and metallic fins in order to enhance charge and discharge power of the storage unit. The selected metal is copper, because of its great thermal conductivity. The thermal storage medium must operate in the range 600°C – 800°C. The lithium carbonate has been selected mainly because of its phase change temperature, 723°C. A numerical model is developed in order to help the design of the test bench and compare experimental results. The conclusions lead to one-scale design of the thermal storage integrated to the solar receiver
Gidik, Hayriye. "Réalisation d’un fluxmètre thermique à gradient tangentiel de température à paroi auxiliaire textile intégrant des fils thermoélectriques : application à la mesure des transferts thermiques et hydriques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10139/document.
Full textAfter a state of the art on existing heat fluxmeters, it has been demonstrated that they aren’t able to measure the coupling between heat and mass transfers because of their impermeability. Moreover, they can be used just for flat and static surfaces because of their semi rigidity. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a heat flow meter tangential temperature gradient with a textile auxiliary wall (textile heat fluxmeter). It is able to measure the coupling between heat and mass transfers with a minimum perturbation and it can be used for complex surfaces due to its porosity and flexibility. Three different processes were used to develop textile heat fluxmeters: a thermopile was realized with electroplating technology with two different methods, i.e. additive or subtractive, and it was inserted into the textile auxiliary wall during the weaving process with two different orientations, i.e. weft and warp. Moreover, the influence of the textile auxiliary wall on the textile heat fluxmeters’ performance was studied. Two different materials, i.e. a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic, and two different weaving structures, i.e. with a rough surface and with a flat surface, were compared. Among all the textile and reference heat fluxmeters, the textile heat fluxmeter with hydrophilic material and flat surface gives the highest sensitivity. This can be explained by its higher thermal resistance and optimized contact with the measuring unite. It was observed that the textile heat fluxmeter with hydrophobic material is less influenced by the measurement of the coupling between heat and mass transfers: its behavior is less modified by humidity
Martias, Céline. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux composites à base de sulfate de calcium destinés à la protection incendie." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769952.
Full textDHIMA, DHIONIS. "Contribution a la caracterisation thermique de materiaux de protection de profiles metalliques soumis a un incendie." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066352.
Full textBen, Hassine Mouna. "Modélisation du vieillissement thermique et mécanique d’une protection externe en EPDM de jonctions rétractables à froid." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0048/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the consequences of the thermal oxidation on the chemical structure and mechanical behavior of an Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM). In order to determine the structural changes at different scales, four model formulations have been considered: free additive gum, stabilized and unstabilized vulcanized matrix and industrial rubber. All samples were aged between 70 and 170°C in air or vacuum and characterized by several analytical tools. Thermogravimetry gives access to weight variations due to oxygen grafting and volatile compounds release. Infrared analysis is used to follow chemical species evolutions. Swelling tests, chromatographic and mechanical spectrometry tests allow calculating the number of chain scission and cross-linking events at any time. Based on these results, a general kinetic model is proposed and partially validated for EPDM matrix thermal oxidation. The consequences of thermal ageing on the mechanical behavior of the industrial rubber are pointed out by monotonic tensile and stress relaxation tests at room temperature and a 10-3 s-1- initial strain rate. The impact of thermal ageing on ultimate properties and equilibrium and non-equilibrium response are examined. Finally, the coupling between thermal ageing and mechanical stress is studied by continuous stress relaxation tests between 130 et 170°C in air. The microstructural modifications during thermal ageing are introduced into the constitutive equations of the macroscopic mechanical model in order to propose a predictif tool of the long time behavior of the industrial rubber. The numerical simulation is in good agreement with experimental results
Arnaud, Émeline. "Caractérisation du comportement thermique et de la tenue à l'ablation de matériaux composites pour protection thermique : Influence du renfort, de la matrice et de la porosité." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0005.
Full textAblative thermal protection systems, commonly used in space industry, are usually made of composite materials. The degradation of these materials in surface allows to protect essential parts against severe aerothermal fluxes. In the literature, lots of different systems are described they are constituted of different type of matrix and reinforced by several kind of fibers. The diversity of the existing thermal protection systems raises the question of the influence of the composition of the materials on the thermal and ablative performances. The developed scientific approach is based on an experimental procedure coupled with the development of a numerical simulation. The material characterization is based on three experimental steps : the thermo-chemical behavior of the materials is investigated with TGA, TMA and DSC experiments, the thermal behavior under a severe flux is evaluated by an experimental bench equipped with an oxyacetylenic torch ; finally, the ablative behavior is characterized with a small jet-nozzle impacting the sample with a severe aerothermal flux. In parallel to the experimental characterization, a numerical simulation modeling of the ablative and thermal behavior of composite materials is developed. Links existing between the thermal behavior and the ablation resistance have been demonstrated. Degradation scenarios have been proposed thanks to the combined analysis of the experimental results at each stage of the characterization. Parameters controlling the ablation have been identified, the major impact of the porosity has been particularly demonstrated
Ismail, Brahim. "Contribution au développement et optimisation d’un système composite biosourcé-enduit de protection pour l’isolation thermique de bâtiment." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3112.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis focuses on the formulation, characterization and modeling of the physical and mechanical properties of bio-composite materials based on plant aggregates (cereal straw) for thermal insulation and energy rehabilitation of buildings. The objectives of this thesis, part of the PEPITE project, are the optimization of the thermal, mechanical and hydric performances of the bio-based materials developed within the framework of previous work and the development of a protective coating for a technical solution of thermal rehabilitation. The optimization of the formulation is obtained by using additives and other biodegradable and renewable natural waste, in order to create a higher porosity and to further decrease the thermal conductivity of the materials. Based on the results of experimental characterization, three formulations were selected. These materials are highly heterogeneous media with a rather complex behaviour and for which its understanding and prediction call for numerical homogenization methods in the framework of this work. The effect of the real microstructure (morphology, orientation of heterogeneities) on the effective thermal properties and the non-linear mechanical behavior of these materials was also highlighted in this study. The comparison of numerical and experimental results confirmed the predictive capacity and the potential of the approach used to guide the formulation of materials based on thermal performance criteria. A detailed characterization of the hydric properties of the optimal formulations (water vapor permeability, sorption-desorption curves, MBV) was carried out in order to understand the relationship between the properties of these materials and the notion of hygro-thermal comfort of the building. Excellent hydric properties were obtained for the three bio-composites studied. In order to evaluate their long-term performance, the materials were exposed to accelerated ageing in the laboratory through humidification-drying and freeze-thaw tests. This environmental assessment revealed a significant reduction in mechanical properties after the cycles considered. Finally, a protective coating for bio-based materials was developed in this study with the aim of proposing a complete thermal renovation solution. The coating with optimised behaviour proposed here by combining an experimental and numerical approach was the subject of a physical and mechanical characterization in order to measure its impact on the performance of biocomposites. The characteristics obtained for the optimal formulations proposed meet perfectly the regulatory requirements relating for thermal insulation coatings
Le, Foll Sébastien. "Modélisation du couplage conduction/rayonnement dans les systèmes de protection thermique soumis à de très hauts niveaux de températures." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0079/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis has been financed by AIRBUS Defence and Space. It is part of the development strategy of new Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) for atmospheric reentry purposes. The aim is to study the radiative transfer in the ablation zone of the TPS as well as the coupling of the radiative and conductive heat transfer in the low density fibrous matrix. To this end, radiative properties of the materials have to be evaluated since they are not well known. The first step of this study is therefore to characterize the optical and radiative properties of sample provided by AIRBUS Defence and Space and the CREE Stain-Gobain laboratory. Thus, an original identification method based on radiative emission measurement was developed to obtain the radiative properties. The needed emission spectra are measured on silica or carbon samples at high temperature with an experimental setup based on Fourrier Transformed InfraRed spectrometry. The samples are heated using a CO2 laser. An optical setup allows us to measure emission spectra on the sample or a black body used to calibrate the experiment. The identification process is based on the modeling of the radiative distribution factor computed by a Monte Carlo ray-tracing method. It uses Mie theory for infinite cylinder to compute the radiative properties. Temperature are also identified and, for silica, compared to the one measured by a Christiansen pyrometry technique. The last part of this study focuses on the coupled radiative/conductive heat transfer modeling in low density fibrous media. Samples being greatly absorbing, we used the Rosseland equivalent conductivity to model the radiative transfer in volume and obtain the thermal response of the samples in the conditions of the experimental setup used for the identification. For silica, predicted temperatures are superior to the identified ones or those measured with the Christiansen pyrometry technique. This is probably because the Rosseland equivalent conductivity makes no difference between extinction due to absorption and extinction due to scattering
Petit, Sandrine. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence d'une protection thermique sur la tolérance aux dommages des structures composites des lanceurs." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ESAE0038.
Full textOliveira, Aurélien. "Conception et développement de capteurs et vêtements intelligents pour le suivi et la protection des pompiers : mesures thermiques non-invasives ambulatoires." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677778.
Full textAubert, Adrien. "Etude de la protection thermique par film d'eau d'une paroi soumise à un flux radiatif : approches expérimentale et numérique." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=4f71a165-9801-4736-8e3c-185961634336.
Full textInnovative heat protection device are very important in the industrial context of new material research. This work is dedicated to the study of a water film based system, when a vertical panel is submitted to a radiant heat flux. The aim is to avoid the wall from being damaged. First, a simplified situation is considered, that is the heat transfer between a water film and a heated plane. A semi-analytical solution is presented as well as a numerical study of the influence of surface instabilities on heat transfer. The research is then divided in two axes. An experimental work was released on a dedicated apparatus. Different configurations are studied. The film is either pre-established on the wall when the radiant heat flux is applied, or triggered once the panel subjected to the radiant flux reaches a certain temperature. Influences of the height, of the film flow and the radiant flux are studied. When using small flows, the wall tends to dry. However, the film seems really powerful to protect the wall concerning more important flows. Simultaneously, a 2D unsteady numerical model of the wall and the film was developed. Results are compared to the experiments and proved to give the same trends as well as the numerical values. The model can be used to simulate situations impossible to achieve experimentally due to safety risks
Bertaux, Lionel. "Protéines de choc thermique et cellules dendritiques apoptotiques dans l'induction d'une protection vaccinale vis-à-vis de toxoplasma gondii." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3801.
Full textDuchêne, Christophe. "Étude numérique du refroidissement par film : phénomènes de base et application à la protection thermique des aubes de turbines." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2118.
Full textGardelle, Bastien. "Development and resistance to fire of intumescent silicone based coating : fire protection of steel in simulated fire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10079/document.
Full textThe purpose of this Ph.D work is to develop intumescent coatings for the protection of steel against fire. The aim of this coating is to ensure the integrity of steel structure exposed to fire since steel loses more than 50% of its load capacity above 550°C. Intumescent coatings expand in case of fire leading to the formation of an insulative barrier limiting the heat transfer from the heat source to the substrate. Most of these coatings are organic based and thus exhibit some limitations. Thus, in this work, hybrid organic-inorganic coatings based on silicone resins were developed. In a first step, it is shown that room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber is the silicone matrix exhibiting the best insulative properties in fire scenarios. Expandable graphite is then used as blowing agent to make the silicone swell when exposed to fire. Due to several interactions between silicone and expandable graphite at high temperature, the coating exhibits excellent fire performance. This performance was attributed to the swelling properties, the low thermal conductivity at high temperature and the good cohesion of the developed char. Additional fillers such as calcium carbonate and organoclay are incorporated in the formulation to increase the mechanical properties of the char. Finally, the critical parameters governing the insulative properties of intumescent silicone coatings have been determined. Moreover, it was pointed out that it is possible to develop silicone coatings exhibiting better fire performance than commercial intumescent paint for the protection of steel against fire in both hydrocarbon and cellulosic fire scenarios
Carlier, Claude. "Etude du comportement dynamique d'un tissu de protection soumis à un flux thermique intense et bref par la méthode holographique." Perpignan, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PERP0343.
Full textKoskas, Sivan. "HSF1 promeut la transcription des ARNs non-codants télomériques TERRA et participe à la protection des télomères sous stress thermique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV052/document.
Full textIn response to metabolic or environmental stress, cells rapidly activate powerful defense mechanisms to prevent the formation and accumulation of toxic protein aggregates. The main orchestrator of this cellular response is HSF1 (Heat Shock Factor 1), a transcription factor involved in the up-regulation of protein-coding genes with protective roles. However, it is now becoming clear, that HSF1 function extends beyond what was previously predicted and that HSF1 can contribute to pericentromeric heterochromatin remodeling and activation as well as to efficiently support malignancy. In this study, we identify subtelomeric DNA as a new genomic target of HSF1 upon heat shock (HS). We show that HSF1 binding to subtelomeric regions plays an essential role in the upregulation of TERRA lncRNAs transcription and in the accumulation of repressive H3K9me3 histone mark at telomeres upon HS. Additionally, we demonstrate that HS significantly affects telomere capping and telomere integrity. We bring evidence of a partial TRF2 telomeric-binding factor dissociation and we reveal an accumulation of DNA damage at telomeres using the DNA damage marker H2A.X-P. In line with this, we bring solid evidences that under heat shock, HSF1 contributes to preserve telomere integrity by significantly limiting telomeric DNA damage accumulation. Altogether, our findings therefore reveal a new direct and essential function of HSF1 in transcription activation of TERRA and in telomere protection upon stress in human cancer cell lines. This work provides new insights into how telomeres are preserved under stressful heat shock conditions and allow us to propose a model where HSF1 may exert its protective function at telomeres via the expression of TERRA ncRNAs. Based on our results and given the important role of HSF1 in tumor development, defining the role of HSF1 with regard to telomere stability in tumor development already emerges as a promising challenge
Fayeulle, Dominique. "Elaboration et étude de révêtements céramiques à sous-couche d'accrochage cellulaire pour la protection chimique et thermique de composants de turbomachines." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0149.
Full textScaringella-Guerritat, Yohann. "Contribution à l'optimisation des propriétés des revêtements utilisés pour la protection des moules en fonderie d'aluminium : Mise en évidence des caractéristiques influant sur la durée de vie et étude de procédés alternatifs pour l'application." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0095.
Full textMontupet is specialized in the manufacture of aluminium foundry components for the automotive industry. The metallic molds used for aluminium cylinder heads are protected by a specific coating called die coating. The main objective of this die coating is to protect the steel tool from chemical corrosion of the liquid alloy. Because of its thermal properties, another of its aims is the adjustment of the thermal exchanges between the mold and the solidifying aluminium, which strongly affects the final microstructure of the alloy. The process used nowadays to coat the die coating on the steel mold walls consists in spraying manually a suspension. However, this process does not allow to obtain reproducible characteristics of the coated layers necessary to control the local solidification gradients. Furthermore, the current tools suffer from the inadequate protection of the die coating, which leads to premature wear resulting in important costs and a decrease of the efficiency of the industrial tool. In the frame of the PROOF project, aiming in the automatisation of the die coating projection, several objectives were set: better know what should be the physico-chemical properties of the die coating and realize a technological jump by creating a long-life or even permanent coating. Firstly, this work shows a complete characterization of the physico-chemical state of the suspensions used nowadays as well as the study of their behavior during spraying. Then, once the coatings were produced by Air Plasma Spraying (APS), it appeared necessary to compare their thermal properties to the ones measured on the die coatings. Hence, thermal diffusivity values have been measured. Afterwards thermal conductivity of the studied coatings have been calculated and finally experimentally checked. Eventually, this work shows the tools developed within the company in order to test the plasma coatings and to check their thermal and chemical compatibility to the process of aluminium casting. These trials in real or semi-real conditions allow the efficiency comparison of the whole studied coatings
L'hostis, Clément. "Développement de nouveaux traitements non-biocides de protection du bois basés sur la formation in situ de polyesters bio-sourcés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0319/document.
Full textIn order to guarantee the sustainability of structure made of wood, this material, which is naturally degradable by many biological organisms, must generally undergo protection treatments. The use of biocidal products is currently the most employed solution to confer the wood additional durability. However, facing of the environmental problem they raise, their use tends to be increasingly limited by regulation. Alternatives to the use of biocides have been developed to increase the durability of wood: heat treatment and chemical modification. Heat treatment consists of the controlled degradation of wood macromolecules to make it more hydrophobic and therefore more dimensionally stable and more resistant to the attack of the fungi of degradation, but weakens its mechanical properties. Chemical modification involves the impregnation of molecules within the material, which then react with the constituents of the wood to modify its chemical structure. During this thesis, treatments based on bio-based molecules have been developed. Thus, the treatments carried out on beech, a species which is particularly sensitive to biodegradation and dimensionally unstable, have made possible to improve substantially these properties. The in situ formation of polyesters of glycerol and various carboxylic acids produces a material more resistant mechanically than thermally treated wood, while also providing enhanced dimensional stability and durability. The various carboxylic acids employed have also induced different behavior with regard to the various properties studied, highlighting the importance of the chemical structure of the reagents employed. The most promising treatment was the subject of an economic study showing the viability of the industrialization of the process, which would then make it possible to produce a modified wood that can be used in use class 3, while enhancing an abundant under-exploited resource
Lemay, Stéphane-P. "Modélisation des déperditions énergétiques dans une serre de verre chauffée par rayonnement infrarouge et influence d'un écran thermique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/49941.
Full textDembélé, Siaka. "Modélisation et étude expérimentale des transferts de chaleur par rayonnement dans un rideau d'eau diphasique : application à la protection incendie d'installations industrielles à risques." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0043.
Full textThis thesis work was carried out in the frame of the European research project Astrre, with the purpose of developing an engineering computer-aided code, for designing water spray curtain protection systems, against fire radiation in hydrocarbon industries mainly. Modeling and experimental studies of radiative heat transfer through the two phases (poly disperse water droplets and water vapor mainly) of the spray are analysed here. The radiative transfer model developed in planar and two-dimensional geometries, is characterized by its rigorous formulation, based on sub models providing a good compromise accuracy and computational time: optical properties of the water droplets are derived from the Mie theory for spherical particles, the gaseous phase behavior is handled by the correlated-k distribution method, and the radiative transfer equation in its integral form, is solved by a discrete ordinates method. The laboratory experimental tests, performed on water sprays provided by both a single nozzle and a series of nozzles, brought new and useful informations about the spectral behavior of such participating media, and also pointed out the main parameters involved in the attenuation ability of a water spray curtain for radiation shielding: the drop lets size and mass concentration, the water vapor and carbon dioxide molar fractions and the curtain width. A deeper analysis is carried out on the accuracy and CPU rime of the developed radiative model, by comparing its solutions to both benchmark cases from literature and, laboratory and large scale experimental results; an agreement is observed in different cases, with reasonable CPU rime for the model. The computer code Astrre 1. 0, developed in this research project, is now available in industry, and based for the radiative transfer analysis, on the model presented in this thesis report
Chauvin, Rémi. "Un modèle unifié pour les phénomènes de givrage en aéronautique et les systèmes de protection thermiques." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0036/document.
Full textIcing has been identified as a serious issue since the start of aeronautics. Ice accretion onwings, due to supercooled droplets inside clouds, leads to severe degradation of aerodynamicperformances, among other undesirable effects. Therefore, aircraft manufacturers have sincea long time developed ice protection systems. As flight tests or wind tunnel experimentsare often complicated to implement and expensive, numerical modeling is an effective andcomplementary tool to design those systems. This thesis concerns the modeling of ice accretion, runback and thermal ice protectionsystems. It consists of seven chapters. The first one is dedicated to the presentation of theconcerns and the context. Then a three layer approach allowing to model in an unsteadyway ice accretion and runback is presented. Following three chapters deal with this modeldiscretization as well as a method to couple it with a thermal ice protection system model.Two last chapters are dedicated to numerical simulations showing the sake of the approachand the feasibility of a whole simulation of ice accretion on a heated or unheated surface
Guinez, Céline. "Implication de l'activité lectinique des HSP70 dans la protection des protéines O-GlcNAc vis-à-vis de la dégradation protéasomale." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/54e6347d-7312-4bf2-817c-ed516a27259e.
Full textGeagea, Hany. "Contrôle des phages dans le lactosérum : étude de leur protection par les protéines sériques et identification d'un déterminant génétique responsable de leur résistance thermique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28377.
Full textThe incorporation of whey protein concentrates (WPC) into cheese is a risky process due to the potential contamination with thermo-resistant phages of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Furthermore, whey proteins can protect phages during heat treatment, thereby increasing the above risk. The objectives of this work were to understand this protective effect and to identify genetic determinant(s) responsible for the thermal resistance of lactococcal phages. First, the effect of pH and time of heating on the inactivation of lactococcal thermo-resistant phage P1532 (Sk1virus/936 group) was measured, at 95 ºC, in WPC and in three individual major whey components. The molecular structure changes of the tested proteins were also monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Phage inactivation results indicated that acidic conditions of WPC favor the destruction of dairy phages by heat treatment. Moreover, it revealed that the protective effect of whey proteins was pH and time dependent and was not restricted to one component. FTIR spectra suggest that the protection is related to protein molecular structures and to the level of protein aggregates. Then, to further investigate this protection, we used lactoferrin (LF) as a whey protein model as a result of its unique physicochemical properties. We combined FTIR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies to monitor the structural conformational changes of LF. Phage inactivation results revealed a strong protective effect of LF on P1532 phage at pH 5 but none at pH 7. Spectroscopic analysis showed that LF was unfolded after heating at pH 7, while it preserved its tertiary and secondary structures when heated at pH 5. In sum, there is a direct correlation between the thermal stability of whey proteins and their ability to protect P1532 phage from heat treatment. The results obtained in this respect offer new tools to minimize the impact of the protective effect on lactococcal phages. In order understand the thermal resistance of LAB phages, we aimed to identify genetic determinant(s) responsible for the thermal resistance of lactococcal phages. After challenging CB14 heat-sensitive phage (Sk1virus/936 group) to low and high temperatures, two phages with increased thermal resistance were selected. Sequencing of their genome revealed a 120 bp deletion in the gene coding for the tape measure protein (TMP). The TMP protein sequences of mutant phages were compared with their homologues in other wild-type L. lactis phages with a wide diversity in heat stability. Comparative analysis of TMP proteins of other lactococcal phages identified the same deletions in the extremely heat-stable phages P680 and P1532. We propose that the TMP is, in part, responsible for the heat stability of the highly predominant lactococcal phages of the Sk1virus group. Identifying this genetic determinant for Sk1virus heat stability is a first step to understand the emergence of this group of thermostable phages, and may lead to improved control strategies in the cheese industry
Stock, Pierre-Côme. "Etude de revêtements métalliques pour la protection des surchauffeurs d'usines d'incinération de déchets urbains." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10076.
Full textAt present, the combustion of household refuse in incineration plants leads to the forming of gas such as HC1 and SO2, which are very corrosive to the installation. Industrials today tend to use protective coating, less expensive than solid materials. This study is thus focused on this particular aspect, and is structured in three parts. In a first phase, a physico-chemical characterization of 8 coatings was carried out, which consisted of a thorough metallographic study (chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, porosity. . . ) of the various coatings deposited on low carbon steel. In a second phase, all the coatings were tested in a corrosion known as "stand by" ( a corrosion due to the rehydratation of deposits and the condensation of corrosive gas. )This study was carried out through the standard electrochemical methods, in a acid environment highly concentrated in chlorides, simulating the conditions met by the industries. In a same type of conditions the influence of the oxydes obtained after differents thermals processings (variations in the temperature and the durations) were studied. This study thus allowed us to determine which oxides give the best protection against this type of corrosion. Finally, a protocol for testing the various coatings in incineration conditions has been completed. For this purpose, three temperatures and two gas composition were used. The coatings were embedded in incinerator deposits and tested in those conditions. After these tests, the observations of the samples allowed us to go back to the degradation mechanisms and to establish a classification. This classification seems to be in good agreements with industrials tests realized in plants
Jacques, Francis. "Méthodologie expérimentale pour la détermination des limites d'emploi des équipements de protection individuelle des sapeurs-pompiers - Application à la lutte contre le feu par des essais sur l'Homme en conditions opérationnelles." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786261.
Full textBennani, Lokman. "Modélisation bidimensionnelle de systèmes électrothermiques de protection contre le givre." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0037/document.
Full textLe givrage a depuis longtemps été identifié comme une problématique sérieuse dans le monde aéronautique.L’accrétion de givre, due à la présence de gouttelettes d’eau surfondue dans les nuages, dégrade les performances aérodynamiques et le rendement des entrées d’air parmi d’autres conséquences néfastes. Ainsi, les avionneurs sont sujets à des règles de certifications concernant la capacité à voler en conditions givrantes. Pour se faire, des systèmes de protection contre le givre sont utilisés. En raison de la complexité des phénomènes physiques mis en jeux, la simulation numérique constitue un atout lors de la phase de conception. Ce travail de thèse porte sur la modélisation et la simulation numérique des systèmes électrothermiques de protection contre le givre. Il s’articule autour de trois approches de modélisation, qui ont donné lieu au développement de trois modules. Deux d’entre eux sont dédiés à la simulation du transfert de chaleur dans le système et dans la glace (changement de phase). Le troisième est lié à la modélisation du comportement mécanique du givre atmosphérique avec fissuration. Ainsi, les propriétés mécaniques du givre atmosphérique sont revues de façon à pouvoir identifier les paramètres intervenant dans le modèle de fissuration. Ce modèle est ensuite utilisé pour étudier les mécanismes possibles de détachement du givre, qui ne sont à l’heure actuelle pas encore bien compris. Le but final de ce travail est de proposer une méthodologie de simulation couplée pour les systèmes électrothermiques de protection contre le givre. Ainsi, la faisabilité d’un calcul couplé thermique-fissuration avec prédiction de détachement de givre est présentée
Creton, Élodie. "Élaboration d’une protection anti-oxydation pour matériaux composites SiC/SiC efficace à basse température." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10186/document.
Full textThis work presents anti-oxidation coating (AOC) of composite materials SiC/SiC. These materials have specific properties (lightness, excellent resistance to thermal shocks, and mechanical endurance at very high temperature) due to the combination of SiC fibers and SiC matrix linked by a C interphase. This interphase oxidizes under air above 400°C, leading to fiber/matrix debonding and thus compromising the mechanical properties. In view of application in civil aeronautics, the AOC have to be operational at low temperatures (400-650°C) and for prolonged periods (of the order of thousands of hours). Two types of coatings were proposed and examined: (i) a rigid coating obtained through the thermal treatment of a mixture of aluminium phosphate solution and silica. The structure of the coating has been characterized by NMR, XRD and SEM and related to the efficiency of the protection. (ii) a dynamic coating, based on phosphate glasses formulated to present optimum viscosity characteristics. The different glasses were characterized by thermal analyses (DTA, TMA, HSM) and by NMR. A thought approach was implemented by correlation between thermal properties and structural characteristics of oxides used. These two coatings improve the material lifetime even if the expected specification was not accomplished. To conclude, the dynamic coating is more adapted to low temperature use and we suggest some improvements
Metivaud, Valérie. "Systèmes multicomposants d'alcanes normaux dans la gamme C14H30-C25H52 : alliances structurales et stabilité des échantillons mixtes : applications pour la protection thermique d'installations de télécommunications et de circuits optoélectroniques." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10587.
Full textThis study deals, from a fundamental level to valorisation, with energetic and structural characterisations and thermodynamic calculation of n-alkane binary and ternary systems, at both "low" and "high" temperatures. At "low temperature", we have pointed out an identical structural behaviour of binary and ternary systems, with the existence of intermediate ordered phases that do not necessarily occur in the pure components involved. The latter are part of perfect families of mixed crystals, showing a characteristic temperature θΦord = 335K. At "high temperature", we have found a thermodynamic model which allows the complete determination of the solid to liquid equilibria of ternary systems using only binary data. In other respects, particular attention has been paid on the mixed sample stability. We have shown that the width of the transition loops depends on the thermal history of the analysed mixed samples, a long hold of the latter in a rotator phase leading to an isothermal transition between ordered and rotator forms. An interpretation has been given in Equal-G Curve terms. From the application point of view, these studies led to the design, the elaboration and the characterisation of Molecular Alloy Phase Change Materials (MAPCM) for the thermal protection of optoelectronical circuits and telecommunication fittings
Rannou, Benoît. "Slurry coatings from aluminium microparticles on Ni-based superalloys for high temperature oxidation protection." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839790.
Full textGendron, Amaury. "Structures de protection innovantes contre les décharges électrostatiques dédiées aux entrées/sorties hautes tensions de technologies SmartPower." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362699.
Full textGuessoum, Khadoudj. "Nouveaux alliages zinc-terres rares pour des applications anticorrosion : élaboration, propriétés et traitements de surfaces." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0071/document.
Full textNew Zn-RE1-5 wt.% alloys (RE=Ce, La and Mischmetal: Ce 75%/ La 25%) were synthesized by melting under controlled atmosphere and cast in plates. In these materials, rare earth metal are exclusively present in intermetallic phases homogeneously dispersed in the zinc matrix: Zn11Ce, Zn13La or Zn11Ce1-xLax and Zn13CeyLa1-y. The electrochemical behavior of these new alloys was investigated in a reference corrosivemedium. In parallel, the pure intermetallic phases Zn11Ce and Zn13La were synthesized and their electrochemical influence was studied by voltametry and galvanic coupling. Results show that both intermetallic phases act as preferential cathodic sites of dioxygen reduction and induce a cathodic inhibition of the corrosion of the Zn-RE alloys by comparison with pure zinc. This phenomenon is much more significant in the case of lanthanum containing alloys. In the specific case of cerium addition to zinc, an anodic inhibition was also observed and correlated with a chemical modification of the corrosion products (mainly made of hydrozincite). Actually, low quantities of cerium (less than 1 at.%) have been detected homogeneously in the corrosion layer by wave-length dispersive spectrometry. From results of controlled precipitation experiments of cerium and zinc salts performed in carbonated medium, the presence of cerium in the corrosionlayer and its protective character could be attributed to the formation of a mixed double lamellar zinc-cerium product. Therefore, addition to zinc of less than 2 wt.% of cerium or lanthanum allow to improve the corrosion resistance of zinc. However, by increasing the rare earth content in the alloys, the galvanic coupling phenomenon becomes more important and makes the alloys less resistant than pure zinc
Rivieres, Bastien. "Développement de résines ablatives biosourcées." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS034.
Full textAblative thermal protection materials are key components of aerospace engineering. They provide insulation to vehicles exposed to severe heating conditions. Phenolic resins are widely used in such composite materials due to their outstanding thermal properties attributed to the three-dimensional network of aromatic structures arising from polycondensation reactions between phenol and formaldehyde. However, such chemicals exhibit a negative health, safety and environment profile which induces a high risk of obsolescence for any material involving such precursors. Therefore, highly processable ablative thermosetting polymers leading to char yields higher than 50 % (at 900 °C under inert atmosphere) were developed based on environmentally more favorable chemicals. Two solvent-free resins are proposed. The first option is a commercially available grade of poly(furfuryl alcohol). The manufacturing of composite materials demonstrated the high potential of the proposed formulations. The second option was obtained at the lab scale from the introduction of propargylic functions onto aromatic precursors which can be obtained from biomass conversion processes. The optimization of the formulations led to highly promising thermal and thermomechanical properties. The manufacturing of composite materials is required to demonstrate the ablative behaviour of the proposed new thermosetting formulations
Morel, Aude. "Gestion des transferts thermiques et hydriques au sein d’une structure multicouche textile : développement d’une membrane pour application EPI." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10124/document.
Full textThis study aims at developing a thermosensitive membrane allowing the water vapor to cross with a function of the temperature to enhance the comfort and the safety of firefighters. Membranes with different chemical structure were synthesized from segmented polyurethane. The influence of the polyol type and its length, and the hard segment content was studied. Two kinds of mechanisms were identified depending on the chemical structure as a bulk modification and a surface modification, that change moisture management properties. Afterwards, membranes were pressed on a textile for higher mechanical properties. The purpose of the final product is to be made inside the firefighter’s personal protective equipment, between the underwear and the jacket. The systems membrane-textile keep the properties of the membrane and present controlled water vapor permeability with the function of the temperature
Eicheh, Ghassan. "Contribution a l'etude des echangeurs avec stockage d'energie par chaleur latente, destine a la regulation thermique d'une culture de micro-algues." Poitiers, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986POIT2277.
Full textPIETRE, SYLVIE. "Utilisation de l'actinometrie comme nouvelle methode d'etudes des mecanismes de recombinaison catalytiques de l'oxygene atomique dans les plasmas d'air hors equilibre. Application au sic-sic materiau candidat au systeme de protection thermique de l'avion spatial hermes." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066271.
Full textEspeau, Philippe. "Syncristallisation dans la famille des alcanes de C8H18 à C17H36 : conception, élaboration et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux à changement de phase à base d'alliages moléculaires (MCPAM) : application à la protection thermique dans le domaine agro-alimentaire." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10519.
Full textMadi, Belkacem. "Contribution à l'étude des méthodes de traitement des sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) : application de la désorption thermique et de l'extraction par solvant." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1658.
Full textThe thesis is a contribution for the methodology to be applied for the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils. The aspects covered are the soil bulk handling, analysis for monitoring the cleanup, the treatability study, the conduct of laboratory testing ant the mathematical modeling of the treatment
Nicoud, Franck. "Prévision des transferts thermiques sur les protections thermiques d'un propulseur à propergol solide." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT061H.
Full textSelezneff, Serge. "Etude et développement de revêtements γ-γ' riches en platine élaborés par Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Application au système barrière thermique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0100/document.
Full textTo protect turbines blades from excessive oxidation and to lower the temperature at the blade surface, a multilayer coating system has been developed in the past, i.e. the thermal barrier coating. The fabrication of TBC is expensive and demands numerous process steps. In this study, bond coatings have been fabricated by spark plasma sintering in a single step. This fast fabrication process permits to test a large range of bond coating compositions with different reactive elements such as Zr, Y and Hf on AM1 nickel base superalloy. From the first results, the data related to the diffusion during the SPS were calculated to predict the coating phases. Impurities levels were measured after SPS fabrication. Sulphur and carbon concentration were very low. These results highlight the great quality of coating made by spark plasma sintering, more particularly with a top coat also made by SPS. Then, a composition of γ-γ’ coating has been optimized for high life span during thermal cycling. The thermal cycling at 1100°C of TBC system with this optimized γ-γ’ bond coatings give better life span than the conventional system with β-(Ni,Pt)Al phase bond coating. After long thermal cycling, >1000*1h cycles, chemical elements from the substrate can diffuse in the thermally grown oxide, leading to its delamination. Thus, for increasing the life span of the whole system the bond coating has to be considered during the superalloy development
Tran, Huu Viet. "Contribution à l’étude de flambage des coques cylindriques minces raidies et non-raidies : Vers une optimisation des règles de dimensionnement." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI067.
Full textThis research work responds to the current and future requirements in Aerospatiale are to improve the design for buckling of the tanks of the Cryogenic Main Stage (EPC) of the launcher. These tanks are composed of cylindrical shells and can be associated with weak stiffening, which are becoming thinner and therefore more susceptible to a risk of buckling. The buckling design of the EPC based mainly on the NASA SP8007 standard, which is ac-cording to many specialists too preservative, especially under low pressure. Moreover, the EPC is equipped with a thermal protection layer (PT), which is extremely light and has an excellent thermal insulation property but very low mechanical properties. The contribution of this layer to the buckling capacity of a lightly pressurized thin cylindrical shell under var-ious solicitations, therefore, appears to be a major subject
Rapin, Christophe. "Étude de l'inhibition de la corrosion aqueuse du cuivre." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10358.
Full textSahyoun, Jihane. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux polymères ignifugeants par la voie extrusion réactive." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10360/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is the development of new fire retardant, eco-friendly, engineering composites, with the incorporation of a low load of fillers in order to maintain the physical and mechanical properties. The study is based on the in situ generation of functionalized inorganic fillers in the polymer matrix during the melt extrusion process by hydrolysis-condensation reactions of alkoxysilane precursors. Morphological and chemical characterization revealed the formation of these composites. Fire tests data showed a significant modification in the fire behaviour of the materials with the addition of the silico-phosphorylated fillers, which proves the interest of dispersing the fire retardant functions by this novel approach. An opening on nitrogen systems was also highlighted. The fire performance evaluated using a microcalorimeter and a combustion cone calorimeter was also used to compare phosphorus compounds introduced by the additive approach and the silico-phosphorylated filler generated in situ the molten copolymer
Thibaud, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude de la convection naturelle à l'intérieur d'un cylindre vertical poreux soumis à une densité de flux thermique parietal constante : application aux silos à grains." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2299.
Full textRojo, Amandine. "Etude de la structuration et du comportement de matériaux à base de gypse sous condition incendie." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880650.
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