Academic literature on the topic 'Thermo gram'
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Journal articles on the topic "Thermo gram"
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Jones, Ronald N., Nicole M. Holliday, and Paul R. Rhomberg. "Validation of a Commercial Dry-Form Broth Microdilution Device (Sensititre) for Testing Tedizolid, a New Oxazolidinone." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 2 (November 19, 2014): 657–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02769-14.
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Tedizolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial with potent activity against a wide range of Gram-positive pathogens, was recently approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. A commercial broth microdilution device (Sensititre; Thermo Fisher Scientific) was validated using 285 selected Gram-positive isolates, and the device was documented to have 100.0% essential and categorical agreement with reference MIC results and excellent MIC endpoint reproducibility.
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Banerjee, Dithi, Christopher J. Harrison, Morgan Pence, and Rangaraj Selvarangan. "1595. Comparative In Vitro Activity of Imipenem–Relebactam Against Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Isolates from Pediatric Patients." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1459.
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Abstract Background Drug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is of particular concern in children. Relebactam, a novel diazabicyclooctane inhibitor, coupled with imipenem has broad-spectrum activity against β-lactamase producing organisms. Here, we compare the in vitro activity of imipenem-relebactam to 10 standard comparator drugs against resistant Gram-negative isolates from two US pediatric hospitals. Methods We tested 100 isolates (50 per site) from pediatric clinical specimens tested during 2015–2017. All isolates were extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R); more than half were multidrug resistant (67%). Selected ESC-R isolates included Escherichia coli (90), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8), Klebsiella oxytoca (1), and Enterobacter cloacae (1) that were resistant or intermediate to ≥1 cephalosporins and/or aztreonam. A 0.5 McFarland suspension was prepared from colonies grown on blood agar plates (Thermo Scientific) at 35 ± 1°C for 18–24 hours. A final inoculum of 5 × 105 CFU/mL was prepared in Mueller–Hinton broth. Sensititre plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific) containing graded concentrations of imipenem/relebactam and 10 comparator drugs were inoculated and incubated at 35 ± 1°C for 18–24 hours. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the Sensititre Vizion system (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and endpoints were interpreted using CLSI (2019) breakpoint criteria, with the exception of colistin (EUCAST 2019). Results Selected ESC-R isolates had high rates of resistance to cephalosporins (64%–97%), aztreonam (80%), and levofloxacin (61%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem/relebactam, imipenem and meropenem (MIC, ≤1 μg/mL for all). The imipenem/relebactam MIC50 (0.06 μg/mL) and MIC90 (0.12 μg/mL) values for ESC-R isolates were within one dilution of MICs of imipenem alone (0.12 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL). Among the comparators, colistin, amikacin, and piperacillin/tazobactam demonstrated comparable activities with 100%, 99%, and 94% susceptibilities, respectively. Conclusion Meropenem, imipenem alone and in combination with relebactam exhibited 100% susceptibilities against ESC-R Enterobacteriaceae isolated from pediatric specimens, demonstrating the high potency of carbapenems. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Teli, Mangesh D., Pintu Pandit, and Santanu Basak. "Coconut shell extract imparting multifunction properties to ligno-cellulosic material." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 6 (January 6, 2017): 1261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716686937.
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Flame retardant textiles are increasingly in demand. There have been a number of approaches by which textile material is made flame retardant. The plant extracts imparting such properties to lingo-cellulosic material has been studied in this work. The paper reports the application of green coconut ( Cocosnucifera Linn) shell extract which is a natural waste source onto jute fabric. The acidic coconut shell extract was applied in neutral and alkaline conditions on jute fabric in different concentrations. The emerging fabric showed good flame retardant properties which were measured by different standard flammability tests. The limiting oxygen index value found to increase by 48% after application of alkaline coconut shell extract as such and on concentrating the coconut shell extract, it was found to increase 81%. The thermo gravimetric behaviour and degradation mechanism were studied by using thermo gravimetric analysis in nitrogen atmosphere. The presence of different elements, chemical groups and the structural topography of the untreated and coconut shell extract-treated lingo-cellulosic fabric were analysed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and phytochemical analysis tests. In addition to the flame retardant property, the treated fabric showed natural colour (measured by colour strength value) and antibacterial property against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
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Kannan, S. K., and M. Sundrarajan. "A Green Approach for the Synthesis of a Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle: Characterization and Antibacterial Activity." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 03 (June 2014): 1450018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14500185.
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In this study, the synthesis of a cerium oxide nanoparticle was carried out from Acalypha indica leaf extract. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) for structural confirmation. The studies clearly indicate that the synthesized CeO 2 nanoparticle is a crystalline material with particle size between 25–30 nm. Further analysis was carried out by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), to provide evidence for the presence of Ce - O - Ce asymmetry stretching of the CeO 2 nanoparticle. Thermo Gravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analyses gave the thermal properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Antibacterial studies were conducted using the synthesized CeO 2. This result showed increasing rate of antibacterial behavior with gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
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Dash, Manasi, and Dhara Shree. "Temperature Effect on Morphobiochemical Characters in Some Black Gram (Vigna mungo) Genotypes." ISRN Biotechnology 2013 (August 16, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/942868.
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Lack of suitable varieties and genotypes of black gram with adaptation to local conditions is among the factors affecting its production. Efforts to genetically improve the crop mostly involve identifying important morphological descriptors followed by development of advanced breeding lines for locale-specific cultivars. The present day available black gram varieties have not been properly characterized for their thermo sensitiveness with respect to morphological and biochemical characters. Hence efforts were taken in the present research to study the effect of the temperature on these characters in seven black gram varieties over different development stages. We aimed at studying the effect of 3 temperature regimes for identifying suitable stress tolerant genotypes. High percent germination (87.2%), root length (3.68 cm), carbohydrate content (3.72 mg g−1 fresh tissue) among the genotypes was highest at 10°C–20°C temperature. High shoot length (13.39 cm), free amino acid content (3.73 mg g−1 fresh tissue), and protein content (9.54 mg g−1 fresh tissue) was found to be present when the genotypes were exposed to 20°C–30°C temperature. The black gram varieties J.L and PDU-1 performed best in all the temperature regimes over characters. Thus suitable varieties for all temperature regimes were identified using biochemical analysis.
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HAJIYANI, R. R., D. J. DAVE, C. K. CHAUHAN, P. M. VYAS, and M. J. JOSHI. "GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIS-THIOUREA STRONTIUM CHLORIDE SINGLE CRYSTALS." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 08 (March 30, 2010): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910022810.
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Bis-thiourea strontium chloride was synthesized and single crystals were grown by the slow solvent evaporation technique using aqueous solvent. The solubility curve was obtained and the determination of the induction period as well as the evaluation of kinetic parameters of nucleation was carried out. The powder XRD analysis suggested orthorhombic crystal structure. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the presence of various functional groups. The thermo-gravimetry analysis was carried out and the crystals were found to be stable up to 170°C. Applying Coats and Redferm relation to the thermo-gram, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dehydration were calculated. The dielectric study was carried out in the frequency range of applied field from 500 Hz to 1 MHz. The variations of dielectric constant, dielectric loss, AC resistivity and AC conductivity were studied with frequency. It was found that the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss decreased as the frequency of applied field increased, whereas the AC resistivity increased as the frequency increased.
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Giordano, Cesira, Elena Piccoli, Veronica Brucculeri, and Simona Barnini. "A Prospective Evaluation of Two Rapid Phenotypical Antimicrobial Susceptibility Technologies for the Diagnostic Stewardship of Sepsis." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6976923.
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Rapid identification of bloodstream pathogens by MALDI-TOF MS and the recently introduced rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (rAST) directly from positive blood cultures allow clinicians to promptly achieve a targeted therapy, especially for multidrug resistant microorganisms. In the present study, we propose a comparison between phenotypical rASTs performed in light-scattering technology (Alfred 60AST, Alifax®) and fluorescencein situhybridization (Pheno™, Accelerate) directly from positive blood cultures, providing results in 4–7 hours. Blood samples from 67 patients admitted to the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana were analyzed. After the direct MALDI-TOF MS identification, the rAST was performed at the same time both on Alfred 60AST and Pheno. Alfred 60AST provided qualitative results, interpreted in terms of clinical categories (SIR). Pheno provided identification and MIC values for each antibiotic tested. Results were compared to the broth microdilution assay (SensiTitre™, Thermo Fisher Scientific), according to EUCAST rules. Using Alfred 60AST, an agreement was reached, 91.1% for Gram-negative and 95.7% for Gram-positive bacteria, while using Pheno, the agreement was 90.6% for Gram-negative and 100% for Gram-positive bacteria. Both methods provided reliable results; Alfred 60AST combined with MALDI-TOF MS proved itself faster and cheaper. Pheno provided identification and MIC determination in a single test and, although more expensive, may be useful whenever MIC value is necessary and where MALDI-TOF MS is not present.
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Sathiyanarayanan, S., C. S. Venkatesan, and S. Kabilan. "In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Molecular Docking Studies of Fosphenytoin and Regadenoson Impurities." Science & Technology Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2020.08.01.08.
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Regadenoson and Fosphenytoin are USFDA approved drugs which is used for coronary vasodilator and convulsive status epileptics respectively. It is quite natural that low levels of reagents or side products are present in the final active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or drug product as impurities. Such impurities may have unwanted toxicities, including genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Hence, it is important to study on impurities present in both the drugs. There are 9 impurities were identified from both drugs and studied pharmacokinetic properties using Qikprop module from Schrödinger software. From the 9 compounds of both the drug’s impurities, 5 compounds obey the Lipinski rule of five and the remaining compounds are having 1 to 3 penalties. All the compounds were subjected to molecular docking study with thermo stabilised HUMAN A2A Receptor with adenosine bound protein (PDB ID: 2YDO) for regadenoson impurities and fosphenytoin impurities were docked with Human GABA-A receptor alpha1-beta2-gamma2 subtype in complex with GABA and flumazenil, conformation A protein (PDB id: 6D6U). All the compounds are showed very good interaction with docked proteins. Further selected compound subjected to in vitro Antibacterial (Gram positive, Gram negative), Antifungal and Antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP) studies.
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Li, Jia, Bo-Xiang Wang, De-Hong Cheng, Zhi-Mei Liu, Li-Hua Lv, Jing Guo, and Yan-Hua Lu. "Electrospun Sericin/PNIPAM-Based Nano-Modified Cotton Fabric with Multi-Function Responsiveness." Coatings 11, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060632.
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There is a significant interest in developing environmentally responsive or stimuli-responsive smart materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate multi-function responsive cotton fabrics with surface modification on the nanoscale. Three technologies including electrospinning technology, interpenetrating polymer network technology, and cross-linking technology were applied to prepare the multi-function sericin/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers, which were then grafted onto the surfaces of cotton textiles to endow the cotton textiles with outstanding stimuli-responsive functionalities. The multi-function responsive properties were evaluated via SEM, DSC, the pH-responsive swelling behavior test and contact angle measurements. The results demonstrate that with this method, multi-function responsive, including thermo- and pH-responsiveness, cotton fabrics were fast formed, and the stimuli-responsiveness of the materials was well controlled. In addition, the antimicrobial testing reveals efficient activity of cotton fabrics with the sericin/PNIPAM/PEO nanofiber treatments against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The research shows that the presented strategy demonstrated the great potential of multi-function responsive cotton fabrics fabricated using our method.
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Nogueira, Barbara Araujo, Julianna Giordano Botelho Olivella, Adriana Costa Gil, Frederico Meirelles-Pereira, Verônica Dias Gonçalves, Arnaldo Feitosa Braga de Andrade, Alexandre Ribeiro Bello, and José Augusto Adler Pereira. "Detection of bacterial samples on the aquatic ecosystems adjacent to Saquarema Lagoon – Rio de Janeiro." Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 14, no. 2 (February 18, 2016): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v14i2.13395.
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Introduction: Saquarema Lagoon (RJ) has a high ecological and economic value owing to its multiple uses. The population’s constant growth increases the amount of sewage containing bacteria and antimicrobial drugs that are discharged to the environment. Objectives: to detect Gram negative bacilli able to colonize or infect humans and animals and determine their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Methodology:samples were collected in the city centre in April 2010 and at Jaconé (Lagoon’s most preserved site) in February 2011. The total and thermo tolerant coliforms were determined and the isolation of samples was made using agar media containing 32cg/ mL of cephalotin. All samples were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility (AST) and on 16 samples, plasmid DNA was extracted. Results: different Gram negative bacteria were detected, such as: Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The coliform results showed that the water quality is proper for Human recreation. AST results demonstrated the existence of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial drugs frequently used in the community. It was possible to detected high molecular weight plasmids and nine samples (56,25%) showed at least one plasmid DNA electrophoresis band. Conclusions: there were not detected resistant samples to antimicrobial drugs normally used in hospital settings, which may possibly refute the idea of a contamination by nosocomial and/or veterinary sewage discharge.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermo gram"
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Mikula, Martin. "Termodiagnostika - dotykové a bezdotykové měření teploty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231525.
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This thesis is concerned with thermodiagnostics in industrial practise, which is very important for the assessment of technical condition of object on the basis of temperature, in today's time. It includes summary of contact and contact-free methods and their principle, advantages and disadvantages for aplication in industrial practise. Because of thesis it was carried out measurement in company Daikin Device Czech republic with the use of contact thermometer and two available thermocameras for solving of topical tasks relating to production.
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Sanchez, Carrillo Felipe. "Sterilization of Quebec's duck foie gras : thermal resistance of Clostridium sporogenes PA3679, thermo-physical properties of the product, and mathematical modeling of the sterilization." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26108.
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La résistance thermique de Clostridium sporogenes PA3679, ainsi que les propriétés thermo physiques comme la conductivité thermique, la chaleur spécifique, la densité et la diffusivité thermique ont été déterminées pour le foie gras produit au Québec et d'autres produits dérivées. Un modèle mathématique a été également développé pour simuler la température au centre (point froid) des conserves de foie gras. Les résultats obtenus pour la résistance thermique et les propriétés thermophysiques montrent, en général, un bon accord avec les données publiées. Ces valeurs ont été utilisées avec le modèle mathématique pour prédire la température à la zone la plus froide. Les températures prédites n’ont montré qu’une légère différence par rapport aux valeurs expérimentales. Avec ce modèle, la létalité totale de C. sporogenes a pu être aussi calculée, ce qui permet d’assurer la salubrité du produit et la sécurité des consommateurs.Thermal resistance of Clostridium sporogenes PA3679, and the thermophysical properties as thermal conductivity, specific heat, density and thermal diffusivity were determined for the foie gras produced in Québec and other derivative products. A mathematical model was also developed to simulate the temperature at the center (coldest point) of the foie gras preserves. The results for thermal resistance and thermal properties show in general a good agreement with the published data; these values were used with the model and to predict the temperature at the coldest zone. The predicted temperatures have low error when compared to the experimental temperatures. With this model, the total lethality of C. sporogenes can be also calculated, providing the necessary information to secure consumer safety.
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Valle, Muñoz Rafael. "La gran aventura de Themo Lobos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170986.
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Seminario para optar al título de PeriodistaEn La Gran Aventura de Themo Lobos la recopilación de datos y fechas se entremezcla de manera constante con pormenores, anécdotas y alguna revelación sorprendente. Me gusta pensar que hoy todo eso sale a la luz como resultado de que un día, hace mucho tiempo, mis ojos de niño se asomaron a mirar el forado monstruoso que se abría en una portada de revista.
Ante la inexistencia de estudios biográficos y bibliográficos sobre el autor, este proyecto pretende subsanar de algún modo ese vacío. La Gran Aventura de Themo Lobos cuenta cómo se fue gestando, cómo fue creciendo y madurando una obra que atraviesa más de medio siglo y que ha anotado varios hitos en la cultura popular chilena contemporánea. Es 6 un relato armado tras muchas horas de conversación, de recuerdos, desahogos y reflexiones con su protagonista, y complementado con el testimonio de familiares, colegas, amigos, conocidos y gente que en algún momento cruzó su camino con el de este hombre. Debo mencionar, además, la valiosa ayuda que significaron los datos aportados por fans e investigadores del cómic local.
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Fonseca, Roberta Juliana Collet da. "Aplicação do modelo da soma-ponderada-de-gases-cinza a sistemas com superfícies não cinzas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163315.
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A radiação térmica é o principal mecanismo de transferência de calor em fenômenos que envolvem meios participantes em temperaturas elevadas, tais como em processos de combustão. A dependência fortemente irregular do coeficiente de absorção em relação ao número de onda torna desafiador o estudo de situações em que a radiação é apenas parte de um problema mais complexo. A exatidão do cálculo da radiação fica condicionada à solução da equação da transferência radiativa (RTE) por meio da integração linha-por-linha (LBL), sendo, muitas vezes, impraticável, em virtude do esforço computacional requerido para contabilizar as centenas de milhares ou milhões de linhas espectrais do coeficiente de absorção. Alternativamente, modelos espectrais, como a soma-ponderada-de-gases-cinza (WSGG), têm sido empregados de maneira eficaz na obtenção de resultados em substituição à integração LBL. Nessa dissertação, o modelo WSGG é aplicado na solução da transferência de calor radiativa em um sistema unidimensional, formado por duas placas planas paralelas infinitas e preenchido por uma mistura homogênea de dióxido de carbono e vapor de água, considerando-se perfis distintos de temperatura. Diferentemente da maioria dos estudos da literatura que empregam a mesma geometria, mas com paredes negras, o presente trabalho supõe superfícies cinzas e não cinzas. O objetivo central é, portanto, avaliar o erro em se assumir fronteiras negras quando estas não apresentam esse comportamento. Os resultados para o modelo WSGG aplicado a superfícies não cinzas, cinzas e negras são comparados com a solução linha-por-linha para paredes não cinzas. As análises dos desvios entre as soluções pelo modelo da soma-ponderada-de-gases-cinza e pela integração LBL mostram que a suposição de paredes negras, para casos em que as superfícies deveriam ser consideradas não cinzas, pode levar a erros de até 50% nos resultados para o fluxo de calor e para o termo fonte radiativo.Thermal radiation is the main heat transfer mechanism in phenomena that involves high temperatures, such as in combustion processes. The strongly irregular dependence of the absorption coefficient on the wavenumber makes challenger the study of situations in which the radiation is only part of a more complex problem. The accuracy of the calculation of the radiation is conditioned to the solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) by line-by-line (LBL) integration, being frequently impracticable, due to the computational effort required to account for the hundreds of thousands or millions spectral lines of the absorption coefficient. Alternatively, spectral models, such as the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases (WSGG) model, have been used with success to obtain results in comparison to LBL integration. In this study, the WSGG model is applied to solve the radiative heat transfer in a one-dimensional system, formed by two infinite flat parallel plates and filled by a homogeneous mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor, for different temperature profiles. Unlike most studies of the literature that employ the same geometry, but with black walls, the present work supposes gray and non-gray surfaces. The central objective is, therefore, to evaluate the error in assuming black boundaries when they do not present this behavior. The results for the WSGG model applied to non-gray, gray and black surfaces are compared with the line-by-line solution for non-gray walls. Analyzes of the deviations between the solutions by the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model and the LBL integration show that the assumption of black walls, for cases where the surfaces should be considered as non-gray, may lead to errors of up to 50% in results for the heat flux and the radiative source term.
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Evon, Philippe Rigal Luc. "Nouveau procédé de bioraffinage du tournesol plante entière par fractionnement thermo-mécano-chimique en extrudeur bi-vis étude de l'extraction aqueuse des lipides et de la mise en forme du raffinat en agromatériaux par thermomoulage /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000668.
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Andrade, Nixon César de. "Desempenho térmico de cobertura verde utilizando a grama Brachiaria humidicola na cidade de São Carlos-SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4626.
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Previous issue date: 2007-08-22This work aims to analyze the thermal behavior of a green roof with the Braquiária grass (Brachiaria humidicola), that reaches 1m height, comparing it with a traditional roof (concrete slab on show). Considering temperature and relative humidity data obtained through field measurements in different months, the thermal performance of the green and traditional roofs was analyzed. The inside and outside temperatures, and inside superficial of two test-cells were analyzed. The outside superficial temperatures were estimated through computation program and the solar radiation data and wind speed, necessaries for the use of this program, were provided by the Water Resource and Applied Ecology Center (CRHEA,) and the Engineering School of São Carlos (EESC), both from the University of São Paulo (USP). The results indicate that, submitted to the local climate, the green roof presents optimum performance, particularly for decreasing the temperatures of external and internal roof surfaces. In the same test-cell it was recently realized a similar research, which used the Esmeralda grass (Zoysia japonica), a short vegetation. Comparing the measurement results for cold and hot periods, it was noticed differences between the thermal performance of the two grasses.
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o comportamento térmico de uma cobertura ajardinada com a grama Braquiária (Brachiaria humidicola), que atinge 1m de altura, comparando-a com a de uma cobertura tradicional (laje exposta). Considerando-se os dados obtidos por meio de monitoramentos com aparelhos registradores de temperaturas e umidades relativas, em diferentes épocas do ano, analisou-se o comportamento térmico das coberturas tradicional e verde. Foram medidas as temperaturas do ar no interior e no exterior das células-teste e as superficiais internas de ambas as células. As temperaturas superficiais externas foram estimadas por programa computacional e os dados de radiação solar e velocidade do vento, necessários para a utilização desse programa, foram fornecidos pelo Centro de Recursos Hídricos e Ecologia Aplicada (CRHEA) e pela Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC), ambos da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Os resultados indicam que, submetida ao clima local, a cobertura ajardinada apresenta ótimo desempenho, particularmente por amortecer as temperaturas das superfícies externas e internas da cobertura. Nessa mesma célula-teste realizou-se recentemente uma pesquisa similar, mas que utilizou a grama Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica), uma vegetação rasteira. Comparando-se os resultados dos monitoramentos realizados, nos períodos de frio e calor, foram detectadas diferenças entre os comportamentos térmicos das duas gramas.
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Miyazaki, Caroline Lumi. "Caracterização térmica, grau de conversão, resistência à flexão e dureza de compósitos comerciais tratados termicamente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-18082010-124119/.
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Visando otimizar as propriedades químicas e mecânicas de compósitos de uso direto aplicados na forma indireta, associados a tratamentos térmicos experimentais (TT), torna-se necessária uma caracterização térmica que permita a determinação de uma temperatura de TT segura (abaixo da temperatura de início de perda de massa). Assim, a primeira etapa deste estudo consistiu em caracterizar termicamente dez compósitos comerciais (Z100, Filtek Z250, Z350 e Supreme XT- 3M ESPE, Esthet-X e TPH Spectrum Dentsply, Charisma Heraeus Kulzer, Tetric Ceram Ivoclar Vivadent, Herculite XRV e Point 4 - Kerr), fotoativados pelo método contínuo (C) e pulse-delay (PD) (20 J.cm-2), por termogravimetria (TG) (n=1) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) (n=3). Foram escolhidas duas temperaturas de TT: 100 e 170°C, aplicadas por 10 min, 24h após a fotoativação. A partir disto, avaliaram-se: 1) o grau de conversão (GC), por espectroscopia FT-Raman (n=3); 2) a resistência à flexão em três pontos (RF) (n=10); e 3) a dureza Knoop (KHN) para as faces topo e base (n=3) de quatro destes compósitos (Filtek Z250 e Supreme XT, Esthet-X e Point 4), após diferentes condições: imediatamente, 1h, 6h e 24h após a fotoativação e 24h após fotoativação seguida de TT a 100 ou 170°C. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (nível de significância de 5%). Quanto ao GC (%), houve significância estatística para o fator material (p=0,000): Point 4 (68,42) > Z250 (63,05) = Esthet-X (61,69) > Supreme (54,27); condição (p=0,000): TT170 (73,20) = TT100 (73,58) > 24h (62,60) = 6h (60,18) > 1h (55,10) = imediato (53,66); e ativação (p=0,006): C (62,97) > PD (60,75). Também foram significantes as interações material × condição (p=0,007) e material × condição × ativação (p=0,013). Para a RF (MPa), foram encontradas significâncias estatísticas para os fatores material (p=0,000): Z250 (165,48) > Supreme (153,96) > Point 4 (131,30) = Esthet-X (128,06); e condição (p=0,000): TT170 (194,56) > TT100 (182,91) > 24h (150,88) > 6h (131,79) > 1h (111,77) > imediato (96,30); assim como para as interações: ativação × condição (p=0,000), material × condição (p=0,000) e material × ativação × condição (p=0,000). Para a dureza, foram encontradas significâncias estatísticas para os fatores: materialativação (p=0,000): Supreme C (82,46) > Supreme PD (80,29) = Z250 C (77,46) > Z250 PD (74,30) > Esthet-X C (69,17) > Esthet-X PD (65,67) > Point 4 C (57,21) = Point 4 PD (56,71); condição (p=0,000): TT170 (81,35) > TT100 (73,72) > 24h (70,36) > 6h (67,92) > 1h (64,99) > imediato (64,12) e face (p=0,000): topo (71,40) > base (69,40); assim como para as interações: material-ativação × face (p=0,011), material-ativação × condição (p=0,000) e face × condição (p=0,000). A partir dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que os TTs experimentais propostos foram capazes de aumentar as propriedades estudadas, sendo, de maneira geral, os resultados obtidos com 170°C melhores do que os com 100°C, e ambos melhores do que as demais condições.Aiming to optimize chemical and mechanical properties of direct composites applied in an indirect way, with an association to experimental heat treatments (TT), it is necessary a thermal characterization, in a way to determine a safe temperature for the TT (below the significant mass loss temperature). Thus, the first step of this study was to perform the thermal characterization of ten commercial composites (Z100, Filtek Z250, Z350 and Supreme XT 3M-ESPE, Esthet-X and TPH Spectrum Dentsply, Charisma Heraeus Kulzer, Tetric Ceram Ivoclar Vivadent, Herculite XRV and Point 4 - Kerr) photoactivated by continuous (C) and pulse-delay (PD) methods (20 J.cm-2), by thermogravimetry (TG) (n=1) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (n=3). After that, two temperatures were chosen for the TT: 100 and 170°C, which were applied for 10 min, 24h after photoactivation. Thus, some properties were evaluated for four composites (Filtek Z250 and Supreme XT, Esthet- X and Point 4): 1) degree of conversion (GC) by FT-Raman spectroscopy (n=3); 2) three-point bending test (RF) (n=10); and 3) Knoop hardness (KHN) for top and bottom surfaces (n=3). The conditions were: immediately, 1h, 6h and 24h after photoactivation and 24h after photoactivation followed by TT at 100 or 170°C. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukeys test (level of significance of 5%). In relation to GC (%), there were statistical significance for the factors material (p=0.000): Point 4 (68.42) > Z250 (63.05) = Esthet-X (61.69) > Supreme (54.27); condition (p=0.000): TT170 (73.20) = TT100 (73.58) > 24h (62.60) = 6h (60.18) > 1h (55.10) = immediately (53.66); and activation (p=0.006): C (62.97) > PD (60.75); and for the interactions: material × condition (p=0.007) and material × condition × activation (p=0.013). For RF (MPa), statistical significance were found for the factors material (p=0.000): Z250 (165.48) > Supreme (153.96) > Point 4 (131.30) = Esthet-X (128.06); and condition (p=0.000): TT170 (194.56) > TT100 (182.91) > 24h (150.88) > 6h (131.79) > 1h (111.77) > immediately (96.30); and also for the interactions: activation × condition (p=0.000), material × condition (p=0.000) and material × activation × condition (p=0.000). For KHN, statistical significance were found for the factors material-activation (p=0.000): Supreme C (82.46) > Supreme PD (80.29) = Z250 C (77.46) > Z250 PD (74.30) > Esthet-X C (69.17) > Esthet-X PD (65.67) > Point 4 C (57.21) = Point 4 PD (56.71); condition (p=0.000): TT170 (81.35) > TT100 (73.72) > 24h (70.36) > 6h (67.92) > 1h (64.99) > immediately (64.12), and face (p=0.000): top (71.40) > bottom (69.40); as for the interactions: material-activation × face (p=0.011), material-activation × condition (p=0.000) and face × condition (p=0.000). By the results, it could be concluded that both proposed experimental TTs were capable of increasing the studied properties, with, in a general way, 170°C generating better mechanical properties than 100°C, and both better than the other conditions.
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Kermarec, Andie. "Exsudation et rhéophysique des matériaux hétérogènes solide / liquide à base de corps gras." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14327/document.
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Le chauffage des matériaux cosmétiques peut provoquer une exsudation de surface sous la forme de petites gouttes puis un retrait des gouttes associé à un processus de recristallisation. Des méthodes rhéologiques et de diffusion multiple de la lumière ont permis une étude des effets d’exsudation et de recristallisation en fonction de la température de chauffage, du vieillissement et de la plasticité du matériau. Des simulations numériques et un modèle phénoménologique basés sur la prolifération de fissures métastables et la croissance hors équilibre d’amas de défauts liquides susceptibles de crever la surface permettent de rendre compte des effets d’exsudation et de recristallisation variables selon la plasticité de la matrice semi-cristalline et la teneur en huile dans le matériau soumis à une perturbation thermiqueThe heating of cosmetic materials can generate an external sweating phenomenon shown by the formation of droplets, followed by a withdrawal of the droplets due to the recrystallization process. Rheological methods and light scattering allowed to study the effects of sweating and re-crystallization in term of heating temperature, aging, and material’s elasticity. Numerical simulations and a phenomenological model based on the multiplication of metastable cracks and the growth outside of equilibrium state of liquid default pits able to burst the surface proves the sweating effects and the re-crystallization variable depending on the semi-crystalline matrix and the percentile of oil in the material under thermal fluctuation
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Rodrigues, Luís Gustavo Pires. "Aplicação do modelo da soma-ponderada-de-gases-cinza na simulação da transferência radiativa em chamas difusivas laminares de metano diluído com CO2 e N2." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/151382.
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Simulações acopladas do escoamento reativo e dos processos de transferência de calor para o estudo de chamas são problemas dispendiosos computacionalmente. A transferência de calor por radiação em processos de combustão, devido às elevadas temperaturas, é o processo de troca energética dominante. Ainda, o comportamento altamente irregular do coeficiente de absorção com o comprimento de onda se constitui em uma dificuldade adicional na modelagem da transferência radiativa em meios participantes. Para contornar essa dificuldade modelos espectrais foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de simular o comportamento de um gás real. Dentre esses modelos destacam-se o gás cinza (GG: Gray Gas), o mais simples, que negligencia o comportamento espectral do coeficiente de absorção, e o modelo da soma-ponderada-de-gases-cinza (WSGG: Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases) onde a integração sobre todo o espectro é substituída por um número finito de gases cinza. Com o avanço de ferramentas computacionais, principalmente códigos CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), abordagens computacionais se tornaram atrativas frente ou em complemento às abordagens experimentais. Desse modo, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo a aplicação dos modelos WSGG e GG com novas correlações na simulação detalhada de chamas difusivas laminares de metano diluído com dióxido de carbono e nitrogênio com o código CFD comercial ANSYS/Fluent. Foram desenvolvidas rotinas de usuário (UDF: User-Defined Functions) para o acoplamento dos modelos espectrais ao código CFD. A verificação das rotinas de usuário foi realizada comparando os resultados obtidos via simulação Fluent com dados obtidos pelo modelo WSGG com um código FORTRAN próprio desenvolvido pelo grupo de pesquisa do Laboratório de Radiação Térmica (LRT/UFRGS) para o problema unidimensional de superfícies negras e infinitas preenchidas por um meio não-isotérmico e não-homogêneo. Os erros encontrados para o fluxo de calor radiativo nas superfícies e para o termo fonte radiativo ao longo do meio foram da ordem de 1% indicando o funcionamento correto das rotinas UDF acopladas ao Fluent. Por fim, as rotinas foram aplicadas na simulação numérica para chamas de potência constante com diluição dos reagentes e os dados obtidos com a solução numérica foram comparados com dados experimentais para a fração radiante e fluxo de calor radiativo. Os desvios médios encontrados para o fluxo de calor radiativo ficaram em torno de 10% para todas as chamas, excetuando as chamas com diluição de CO2 de 30%, 40% e 50%, em volume, para as quais os desvios médios ficaram em torno de 15%. O termo fonte para as chamas apontou para a predominância da emissão do meio em relação à absorção. Todas as chamas estudadas se encontram no regime opticamente fino (optically thin) para o qual, segundo apontam estudos da literatura, a escolha do modelo espectral possui impacto pequeno em resultados globais da chama como a temperatura e a concentração das espécies na mistura. Nesse aspecto os resultados encontrados concordaram com a previsão da literatura, entretanto para a transferência radiativa, o modelo GG se mostrou sensivelmente menos preciso em comparação ao modelo WSGG, principalmente para a fração radiante e para o fluxo radiativo na região da pluma aquecida, indicando a dependência do modelo espectral adotado.Coupled simulations of the reactive flow with the heat transfer processes for flame studying are computationally demanding problems. The radiative transfer in combustion processes is the main heat transfer mechanism due to the high temperatures involved. However, the highly irregular behavior o f the absorption coefficient with the wavenumber composes in an additional difficulty on modeling the radiative transfer in participating media. In order to overcome this issue, spectral models were developed with the objective of simulate the behavior of real gases. Some of the most known models are the gray gas (GG) for which the spectral behavior of the radiative properties of the medium is neglected and the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases (WSGG) for which the integration over the entire spectrum is replaced by a summation over a finite number of gray gases with constant absorption coefficients. With the development of computational tools, mainly Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes, numerical approaches became attractive instead or in complement of experimental set ups. In this way, the present work aims to couple the WSGG and the GG models with new correlations in a detailed simulation of diffusive laminar flames of methane diluted with carbon dioxide and nitrogen with the commercial CFD code ANSYS/Fluent. User-defined functions (UDF) were developed to the coupling of the spectral models. The verification was carried out through the WSGG model by comparing the Fluent solution with a solution obtained with a FORTRAN code developed by the Thermal Radiation Laboratory (LRT/UFRGS) research group for the one-dimensional system of black surfaces filled with a non-homogeneous and non-isothermal medium. The deviations for the radiative heat flux for the walls and the radiative heat source along the domain were of 1% or less, indicating the correct coupling between the UDF routines and the CFD code. Finally, the UDF were applied in the solution of constant power flames with fuel diluted with carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The obtained data was then compared with experimental measurements for the radiant fraction and the radiative heat flux along the flame axis. The average deviations found were in order of 10% for all flames, except for the flames with 30%, 40% and 50% of CO2 dilution, in volume, for which the deviatioms found were in order of 15%. The radiative heat source was plotted and indicated for the medium emission predominance in comparison with the medium absorption. All flames studied were optically thin flames for which, studies pointed, the spectral model have minor impact over global results as flame temperature and mixture concentration. For this aspect the results found showed agreement with the literature studies predictions, however the GG model showed itself less accurate in comparison with the WSGG model for the radiant fraction and the radiative heat flux computations. So the spectral models have influence on the radiative transfer even if its effect on flame structure can be negligible.
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Bezerra, Luciano Andr? Cruz. "An?lise do desempenho t?rmico de sistema constutivo de concreto com EPS como agregado gra?do." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2003. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15548.
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Previous issue date: 2003-10-31Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
In the last decades there was a concentrate effort of researchers in the search for options to the problem of the continuity of city development and environmental preservation. The recycling and reuse of materials in industry have been considerate as the best option to sustainable development. One of the relevant aspects in this case refers to the rational use of electrical energy. At this point, the role of engineering is to conceive new processes and materials, with the objective of reducing energy consumption and maintaining, at the same time the benefits of the technology. In this context, the objective of the present research is to analyze quantitatively the thermal behavior of walls constructed with concrete blocks which composition aggregates the expanded polystyrene (EPS) reused in the shape of flakes and in the shape of a board, resulting in a “light concrete”. Experiments were conducted, systematically, with a wall (considerate as a standard) constructed with blocks of ordinary concrete; two walls constructed with blocks of light concrete, distinct by the proportion of EPS/sand; a wall of ceramic bricks (“eight holes” type) and a wall with ordinary blocks of cement, in a way to obtain a comparative analysis of the thermal behavior of the systems. Others tests conducted with the blocks were: stress analysis and thermal properties analysis (ρ, cp e k). Based on the results, it was possible to establish quantitative relationship between the concentration (density) of EPS in the constructive elements and the decreasing of the heat transfer rate, that also changes the others thermal properties of the material, as was proved. It was observed that the walls of light concrete presents better thermal behavior compared with the other two constructive systems world wide used. Based in the results of the investigation, there was shown the viability of the use of EPS as aggregate (raw material) in the composition of the concrete, with the objective of the fabrication of blocks to non-structural masonry that works as a thermal insulation in buildings. A direct consequence of this result is the possibility of reduction of the consume of the electrical energy used to climatization of buildings. Other aspect of the investigation that must be pointed was the reuse of the EPS as a raw material to civil construction, with a clear benefit to reducing of environmental problems
Nas ?ltimas d?cadas t?m sido grandes os esfor?os dos pesquisadores na busca por mais informa??es e conhecimentos sobre como se poder? continuar provendo o desenvolvimento das cidades sem que isso ocorra de forma agressiva ao meio ambiente. A reciclagem e o reaproveitamento de materiais que ainda possuem grande potencial de aplicabilidade s?o vistos como as solu??es mais evidentes em dire??o ao desenvolvimento sustent?vel. Um dos aspectos mais relevantes desse desenvolvimento refere-se ao uso racional da energia el?trica. E aqui se insere a Engenharia, com o papel de conceber t?cnicas e materiais inovadores cujo principal objetivo seja o de reduzir o consumo de energia el?trica, sem que obrigatoriamente se tenha que abrir m?o das comodidades conseguidas com sua aplica??o. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar de forma quantitativa o desempenho t?rmico de paredes constru?das com blocos de concreto cuja composi??o agrega o poliestireno expandido (EPS) reaproveitado na forma de flocos e em placas, constituindo desse modo um concreto leve. Realizaram-se experimentos, sistematicamente, com uma parede constru?da com blocos de concreto comum, considerada como refer?ncia; duas paredes com blocos de concreto leve, distintas pelas propor??es de EPS/areia; uma parede com tijolos cer?micos de oito furos e uma com blocos de cimento vazados, de forma a proceder-se com a analise comparativa dos desempenhos t?rmicos dos sistemas construtivos. Foram realizados ainda, ensaios de resist?ncia ? compress?o e ensaios de determina??o das propriedades termof?sicas (ρ, cp e k) dos blocos de concreto. Os resultados permitiram relacionar quantitativamente o efeito do EPS como agregado em elementos construtivos na redu??o da taxa de transfer?ncia de calor em fun??o da varia??o de densidade, que tamb?m interfere nas outras propriedades t?rmicas e mec?nicas do material, como comprovado. Constatou-se que as paredes de concreto leve apresentaram melhor desempenho t?rmico do que os outros dois sistemas construtivos consagrados comercialmente. P?de-se concluir que ? vi?vel empregar-se o EPS reaproveitado como material constituinte da mistura para concreto, com a finalidade de fabricar alvenaria de veda??o capaz de comportar-se tamb?m como isolante t?rmico entre o meio externo e o interno das edifica??es. Uma conseq??ncia direta disto ? a redu??o do consumo de energia el?trica utilizada pelos sistemas de climatiza??o, sem comprometer a situa??o de conforto t?rmico experimentada pelo usu?rio. Destaca-se ainda que o reaproveitamento do EPS como material de constru??o contribui com a redu??o dos problemas ambientais causados por este material. Al?m disso, os resultados obtidos neste estudo podem servir como refer?ncia aos projetistas na hora da escolha do material que ir? compor a alvenaria de veda??o, e assim poderem adequar os seus projetos ?s situa??es mais desej?veis
Books on the topic "Thermo gram"
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Cavuldak, Ahmet, ed. Peter Graf Kielmansegg im Gespräch. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748906476.
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This book paints an intellectual portrait of Peter Graf Kielmansegg as a historian, political scientist and German intellectual, and rounds off his previous oeuvre. It focuses on a long conversation about his life and work, in which Graf Kielmansegg is as visible as a person as in no other text. Texts of various types from four decades supplement the conversation, some of which are published here for the first time: to begin with, there are five essays on intellectual history, more precisely on The Federalist Papers, Tocqueville’s theory of democracy, Kant’s influential essay ‘Towards perpetual peace’, Hannah Arendt’s book on revolution and the influence of European political thought in the world, followed by three portraits of Graf Kielmansegg’s companions Eugen Kogon, Wilhelm Hennis and Dolf Sternberger and an essay on the language of the social sciences. Finally, there is a selection of his public statements and interventions on current questions and problems of democracy.
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Chubb, Charles, Joseph Darcy, Michael S. Landy, John Econopouly, Dan Bindman Jong-Ho Nam, and George Sperling. The Scramble Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0096.
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A “scramble” is a visual texture in which different gray levels are randomly mixed together. Past research has demonstrated that human vision has three dimensions of sensitivity to the different sorts of scrambles that can be created by varying the proportions of different gray levels included in the scramble. This chapter demonstrates two scrambles with dramatically different gray level histograms that appear identical unless the observer is specifically instructed to scrutinize each of them individually. It is argued that people fail to notice any difference between these two scrambles because there exist only three distinct classes of texture-sensitive neurons in the human brain that are differentially sensitive to scrambles, and in each of them these two scrambles produce identical levels of activation.
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Whitty, Christopher J. M. Diagnosis and management of malaria in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0292.
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Falciparum malaria is the commonest life-threatening imported tropical infection. The most important critical care intervention is rapid high-dose antimalarial treatment with artesunate, or if that is not available quinine. The common complications of malaria are different in children and adults. Cerebral malaria may occur in both, for which there is no specific therapy. Renal failure and acute lung injury are much more common in adults, and may occur late in the course of the disease, even after parasites have cleared. In children acidosis, anaemia and Gram-negative sepsis are more common. Renal and respiratory support may be needed in adults. Malaria alone seldom causes shock and if patients are shocked, co-existing Gram-negative sepsis should be considered. In children there is evidence that bolus hydration increases mortality. Most patients make a full recovery even after prolonged periods of unconsciousness.
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Money, Nicholas P. 1. Microbial diversity. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681686.003.0001.
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‘Microbial diversity’ considers the vast array of microorganisms—the smallest forms of life—which exist everywhere. The three primary groups of microorganisms are bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes with their genetic material held in a single chromosome. In eukaryotes, most of the genome is held in multiple chromosomes. Over 11,000 species of bacteria have been identified using microscopic identification of cell shape and metabolic activity, Gram-staining techniques, and genetic identification of RNA and DNA sequences. There are 500 named species of archaea, divided into two phyla: the euryarchaeota and the crenarchaeota. There are eight supergroupings of eukaryotes, all of them include single-celled organisms, and five are entirely microbial.
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Hindman, Matthew. The Internet Trap. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159263.001.0001.
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The Internet was supposed to fragment audiences and make media monopolies impossible. Instead, behemoths like Google and Facebook now dominate the time we spend online—and grab all the profits from the attention economy. This book explains how this happened. It sheds light on the stunning rise of the digital giants and the online struggles of nearly everyone else—and reveals what small players can do to survive in a game that is rigged against them. The book shows how seemingly tiny advantages in attracting users can snowball over time. The Internet has not reduced the cost of reaching audiences—it has merely shifted who pays and how. Challenging some of the most enduring myths of digital life, the book explains why the Internet is not the postindustrial technology that has been sold to the public, how it has become mathematically impossible for grad students in a garage to beat Google, and why net neutrality alone is no guarantee of an open Internet. It also explains why the challenges for local digital news outlets and other small players are worse than they appear and demonstrates what it really takes to grow a digital audience and stay alive in today's online economy. The book shows why, even on the Internet, there is still no such thing as a free audience.
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Bressan, Paola, and Peter Kramer. The Dungeon Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0040.
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A target gray spot looks darker on a white background than on a black one: the contrast illusion. If the target is embedded in a context consisting of black spots on the white background and white spots on the black background, the effect reverses: the dungeon illusion. Whether the dungeon figure produces contrast or contrast reversal depends on which of its three parts (target, context, and background) is gray, black, or white. In some variants, the effect further depends on whether the figures are themselves surrounded by larger white and black regions, implying that even the illumination and wall color of the laboratory might be critical. Here, the various versions of the dungeon illusion are presented and explained with the help of the double-anchoring theory of lightness—that computes the gray shade of objects by “anchoring” them both to their context and to the brightest region in the scene.
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Moller, David Wendell. Notes from the Trenches. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199760145.003.0011.
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There was something quite exceptional about Cowboy’s death. The grim things that darkened and injured him from birth were relieved by the caring embraces of a team of professionals who committed themselves to “loving him until he died.” It is fair to say that those horrible features of American unexceptionalism, which harmed him throughout life, were redeemed by the exemplary activities of the palliative care team. Something wonderful literally transpired while he was dying. Despite the sadness and chaos of his final months, a transcendence of the injurious consequences of racism and poverty was achieved by mindful presence and the human potential to love one another.
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Macauley, Robert C. Clinical Practice of Palliative Care (DRAFT). Edited by Robert C. Macauley. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199313945.003.0018.
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Communication, cultural sensitivity, and respect for spirituality undergird the practice of palliative care. Clinicians must appreciate the nuance of communicating complex diagnoses and often grim prognoses and know how to respond when patients express a desire to not be fully informed (or their family demands that they not be). Across cultures there is significant variation in how prognosis is communicated, who makes decisions for a patient, and attitudes toward end-of-life care. Many patients and families also rely on their religious or spiritual beliefs in making medical decisions, and expectation of a “miracle” and perceived religious “mandates” for continued treatment demand spiritually-nuanced responses.
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Gert, Joshua. A Realistic Color Realism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785910.003.0004.
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This chapter draws a distinction between rough and precise colors. Rough colors are picked out by such basic color terms as “red,” “blue,” “pink,” “gray,” and so on. Precise colors, on the other hand, correspond to precise locations in standard color spaces. There is a natural temptation to suppose that the prospects for a realism about precise colors are inseparably yoked to the prospects of a realism about rough colors. But despite the tempting simplicity of this view, the chapter argues that the most realistic version of color realism would hold that only rough colors can ever truly be predicated of objects. Precise color vocabulary, on the other hand, is appropriate only for descriptions of experiences.
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Smith, Robert M., and Wendy J. Zochowski. Leptospirosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0027.
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Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread and important zoonotic pathogens and is of global medical and veterinary importance. Clinical disease ranges from mild self-limiting influenza – like illness to fulminating repeats-several failure.It is caused by bacterial spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira, family Leptospiraceae. Pathogenic Leptospira interrogans strains, of which there are over 230 serovars in 24 serogroups, are morphologically identical in that they are thin, helical highly motile Gram-negative bacteria, hooked at one or both ends.Natural hosts of pathogenic strains, generally referred to as serovars, may cause infection in man and include wild animals (rodents), livestock (cattle and pigs) and pets (dogs). Most, if not all mammals may become long-term carriers (maintenance hosts). Leptospires become located in the renal tubules and excreted in the urine of infected reservoir animals, humans becoming infected through broken skin, mucous membranes and the conjunctivae.Leptospirosis is most commonly found in tropical or sub-tropical countries in both urban and rural settings. It causes major economic losses, to the highly intensive cattle and pig industries in developed countries, primarily through their effects on reproduction. It is still an important occupational disease risk for people working in agriculture or those living in unsanitary conditions. It is increasingly recognised as a recreational and travel-associated disease.
Book chapters on the topic "Thermo gram"
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Howell, John R., M. Pinar Mengüç, Kyle Daun, and Robert Siegel. "Radiation Exchange in Enclosures Composed of Black and/or Diffuse-Gray Surfaces." In Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 201–50. Seventh edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Revised edition of: Thermal radiation heat transfer / John R. Howell, M. Pinar Mengüç, Robert Siegel. Sixth edition. 2015.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429327308-5.
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Li, Jun, Pengcheng Wang, Xiaojuan Cui, Kang Li, and Rentao Yi. "Gray Cast Iron Cylinder Head Thermal Mechanical Fatigue Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 243–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33841-0_19.
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Chavez, M. R., A. Amaro, C. Flores, A. Juarez, and Carlos González-Rivera. "Newton Thermal Analysis of Gray and Nodular Eutectic Cast Iron." In Materials Science Forum, 153–58. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-993-8.153.
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Oh, Yeon-Jae, Kyoung-Wook Park, and Eung-Kon Kim. "Thermal Image-Based Disc Pads Diagnosis System in Grab Crane." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 265–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47487-7_39.
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Wang, Lingyu, and Graham Leedham. "A Watershed Algorithmic Approach for Gray-Scale Skeletonization in Thermal Vein Pattern Biometrics." In Computational Intelligence and Security, 935–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74377-4_98.
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Gentilal, Nichal, Ricardo Salvador, and Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda. "A Thermal Study of Tumor-Treating Fields for Glioblastoma Therapy." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 37–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_3.
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AbstractTumor-treating fields (TTFields) is an antimitotic cancer treatment technique used for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Although the frequency used is not as high as in hyperthermia, temperature increases due to the Joule effect might be meaningful given the necessary time that these fields should be applied for. Post hoc analysis of the EF-11 clinical trial showed higher median overall survival in patients whose compliance was at least 18 h per day. To quantify these temperature increases and predict the thermal impact of TTFields delivery to the head, we used a realistic model created from MR images segmented in five tissues: scalp, skull, CSF, gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM). Through COMSOL Multiphysics, we solved Laplace’s equation for the electric field and Pennes’ equation for the temperature distribution. To mimic the therapy as realistically as possible, we also considered complete current shutdown whenever any transducer reached 41 °C to allow transducers and tissues’ temperature to decrease. Our results indicate an intermittent operation of Optune due to this necessary current shutdown. Localized temperature increases were seen, especially underneath the regions where the transducers were placed. Maximum temperature values were around 41.5 °C on the scalp and 38 °C on the brain. According to the literature, significant thermal impact is only predicted for the brain where the rise in temperature may lead to an increased BBB permeability and variation in the blood flow and neurotransmitter concentration. Additionally, our results showed that if the injected current is reduced by around 25% compared to Optune’s standard way of operating, then uninterrupted treatment might be attainable. These predictions might be used to improve TTFields delivery in real patients and to increase awareness regarding possible thermal effects not yet reported elsewhere.
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Humphreys, Hilary. "Case 23." In Oxford Case Histories in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, edited by Maheshi Ramasamy, 151–57. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198846482.003.0023.
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Infection is one of the commonest complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) which often presents with a cloudy bag and sometimes abdominal pain. Gram-positive bacteria, such as coagulase negative staphylococci, are the commonest cause. The diagnosis is confirmed by markedly elevated white cells in the CAPD fluid and a positive culture. Empiric antibiotics should cover Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria—e.g intra-peritoneal vancomycin and gentamicin—which are modified when culture and antibiotic susceptibility results are available. Removal of the peritoneal dialysis catheter is indicated in pseudomonal and fungal peritonitis and when there is recurrent infection. Culture-negative CAPD infection may be due to tuberculosis. Minimizing infection is largely achieved through good standards of personal hygiene, patient training and education, and home visits.
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Krueger, Anne O. "Gray Areas." In International Trade. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0013.
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What are gray areas? Gray areas are ones in which valid motives for protection against imports exist but in which there is also scope and opportunity for domestic producers to argue for unwarranted protection. Public sympathy with the stated motive (e.g., environmental concerns) or...
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"Radiation Exchange in Enclosures Composed of Black and/or Diffuse–Gray Surfaces." In Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 245–306. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18835-10.
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"5Chapter Radiation Exchange in Enclosures Composed of Black and/or Diffuse-Gray Surfaces." In Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, 235–98. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439894552-12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Thermo gram"
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Koshizuka, Kunihiro, and Takao Abe. "Study of thermal dye diffusion." In Printing Technologies for Images, Gray Scale, and Color, edited by Derek B. Dove, Takao Abe, and Joachim L. Heinzl. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46340.
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Aviram, Ari, Kwang K. Shih, and Krishna Sachdev. "Thermal transfer printing with heat amplification." In Printing Technologies for Images, Gray Scale, and Color, edited by Derek B. Dove, Takao Abe, and Joachim L. Heinzl. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46341.
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Drees, Friedrich-Wilhelm, and Wolfgang Pekruhn. "Laptop page printer realized by thermal transfer technology." In Printing Technologies for Images, Gray Scale, and Color, edited by Derek B. Dove, Takao Abe, and Joachim L. Heinzl. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46337.
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Newmiller, Chris. "Thermal dye transfer color hard-copy image stability." In Printing Technologies for Images, Gray Scale, and Color, edited by Derek B. Dove, Takao Abe, and Joachim L. Heinzl. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46339.
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Nagato, Hitoshi, and Tadayoshi Ohno. "Bidirectional printing method for a thermal ink transfer printer." In Printing Technologies for Images, Gray Scale, and Color, edited by Derek B. Dove, Takao Abe, and Joachim L. Heinzl. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46338.
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Sullivan, Kevin, Mark Fennell, Wayne Perryman, and David Weller. "Automated detection, tracking, and counting of gray whales." In Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLII, edited by Beate Oswald-Tranta and Joseph N. Zalameda. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2567187.
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França, Francis, and Roberta Juliana Collet da Fonseca. "Application of the weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model in media bounded by non-gray walls." In 16th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2016.cit2016-0377.
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Макарова, Елена, Elena Makarova, Дмитрий Лагерев, Dmitriy Lagerev, Федор Лозбинев, and Fedor Lozbinev. "Features of Big Text Data Visualization for Managerial Decision Making." In 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Computer Vision, Visualization Systems and the Virtual Environment GraphiCon'2019. Bryansk State Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-2-99-102.
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This paper describes text data analysis in the course of managerial decision making. The process of collecting textual data for further analysis as well as the use of visualization in human control over the correctness of data collection is considered in depth. An algorithm modification for creating an "n-gram cloud" visualization is proposed, which can help to make visualization accessible to people with visual impairments. Also, a method of visualization of n-gram vector representation models (word embedding) is proposed. On the basis of the conducted research, a part of a software package was implemented, which is responsible for creating interactive visualizations in a browser and interoperating with them.
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Reissman, Timothy, and Ephrahim Garcia. "An Ultra-Lightweight Multi-Source Power Harvesting System for Insect Cyborg Sentinels." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-662.
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The overall purpose of this study was to analyze multi-source energy harvesters for creation of a rechargeable onboard power system, capable of supplying 5–50mW of intermittent power at a system mass of less than one gram, to be placed on a cyborg MAV (CMAV). To recharge the system, three sources of available ambient energy with respect to the application were explored, solar, thermal, and kinetic. Evaluations were performed based on magnitudes of available energy from each source, mass, dimension, and biocompatible constraints for each of the transducers, and specific power output of each energy harvester. Conclusions of this research show the magnitudes of the performance for photo-voltaic, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and electromagnetic transducers weighing less than one gram. In addition, issues related to combining these multi-sourced energy harvesters into a collective power system are discussed.
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Grundler, M., T. Derieth, and A. Heinzel. "Polymer compounds with high thermal conductivity." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE REGIONAL CONFERENCE GRAZ 2015 – POLYMER PROCESSING SOCIETY PPS: Conference Papers. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4965485.
Full textReports on the topic "Thermo gram"
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Stasiuk, L. D., and W. W. Nassichuk. Thermal data from petrographic analysis of organic matter in kimberlite pipes, Lac de Gras, N.W.T. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211726.
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Rencz, A. N., C. Bowie, and B. C. Ward. Application of thermal imagery from LANDSAT data to locate kimberlites, Lac de Gras area, district of Mackenzie, N.W.T. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211837.
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Stasiuk, L. D., and W. W. Nassichuk. Thermal history and petrology of wood and other organic inclusions in kimberlite pipes at Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/202804.
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Anderson, J. C., and M. R. Feldman. Effect of gray-body interchange factor and radiating temperature on the thermal response of the DT-18 shipping container. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133323.
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Anderson, J. C., and M. R. Feldman. Effect of gray-body interchange factor and radiating temperature on the thermal response of the DT-18 shipping container. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5672444.
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Thompson, P. H., A. S. Judge, and T. J. Lewis. Thermal parameters in rock units of the Winter Lake-Lac de Gras area, central Slave Province, Northwest Territories - implications for diamond genesis. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/205196.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.
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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.