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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermocline tank design'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Bonanos, A. M., and E. V. Votyakov. "Sensitivity analysis for thermocline thermal storage tank design." Renewable Energy 99 (December 2016): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.07.052.

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2

Wang, Gang, and Tong Wang. "Effect Evaluation of Filling Medium Parameters on Operating and Mechanical Performances of Liquid Heavy Metal Heat Storage Tank." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 14551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114551.

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In order to evaluate the feasibility and performance of liquid lead-bismuth eutectic as the heat transfer fluid for thermocline heat storage tanks in solar power systems, we conducted an effect evaluation of filling medium parameters on the integrated operating and mechanical performances of a thermocline tank using liquid lead-bismuth eutectic using the computational fluid dynamics simulation method. Four parameters were evaluated: the porosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and equivalent diameter of the filling medium. The results show that the liquid lead-bismuth eutectic t

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3

Hua, Yuchao, and Lingai Luo. "Influence of Non-Uniform Distributions of Filler Porosity on the Thermal Performance of Thermocline Storage Tanks." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 17 (August 5, 2022): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232012.2022.17.18.

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Thermal energy storage is of critical importance for the highly-efficient utilization of renewable energy sources. Over the past decades, the single-tank thermocline technology has attracted much attention owing to its high cost-effectiveness. In the present work, we investigate the influence of the filler porosity’s non-uniform distribution on the thermal performance of the packed-bed sensible heat thermocline storage tanks, using the analytical model obtained by the Laplace transform. Our analyses prove that the different porosity distributions can result in the significantly different behav

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4

Fernández, Francisco, José Díaz, María Folgueras, and Inés Suárez. "Stratification Analysis and Behaviour of a Real Industrial Thermocline Thermal Energy Storage Tank for Cogeneration Purposes." Processes 9, no. 1 (2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010120.

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Thermal energy storage systems help to couple thermal energy generation and process demand in cogeneration facilities. One single deposit with two design temperatures and one main temperature step in sensible thermal energy storage define the thermocline systems. Performance of one high size real thermocline thermal energy storage system is analysed. Starting from temperature and mass flow rate data registered by the plant control system, one advanced thermodynamic analysis is performed. The quality of heat storage is analysed in terms of evaluation of the stratification in the thermocline zon

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5

Fernández, Francisco, José Díaz, María Folgueras, and Inés Suárez. "Stratification Analysis and Behaviour of a Real Industrial Thermocline Thermal Energy Storage Tank for Cogeneration Purposes." Processes 9, no. 1 (2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010120.

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Thermal energy storage systems help to couple thermal energy generation and process demand in cogeneration facilities. One single deposit with two design temperatures and one main temperature step in sensible thermal energy storage define the thermocline systems. Performance of one high size real thermocline thermal energy storage system is analysed. Starting from temperature and mass flow rate data registered by the plant control system, one advanced thermodynamic analysis is performed. The quality of heat storage is analysed in terms of evaluation of the stratification in the thermocline zon

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6

Chang, Z. S., X. Li, C. Xu, C. Chang, and Z. F. Wang. "The Design and Numerical Study of a 2MWh Molten Salt Thermocline Tank." Energy Procedia 69 (May 2015): 779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.094.

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7

Zhu, Chao, Jian Zhang, Yueshe Wang, et al. "Study on Thermal Performance of Single-Tank Thermal Energy Storage System with Thermocline in Solar Thermal Utilization." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 3908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083908.

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For the intermittence and instability of solar energy, energy storage can be a good solution in many civil and industrial thermal scenarios. With the advantages of low cost, simple structure, and high efficiency, a single-tank thermal energy storage system is a competitive way of thermal energy storage (TES). In this study, a two-dimensional flow and heat transfer model of a cylindrical storage tank with water as heat transfer fluid (HTF) is developed, in which the effects of time, flow velocity, and height-to-diameter ratio of the tank on the thermocline thickness have been highlighted. The r

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8

Ahmed, Sabah Noori, Ahmed Abdulnabi Imran, and Nabeel Sameer Mahmoud. "EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NOVEL DIFFUSERS FOR ENHANCED THERMAL STRATIFICATION IN TANKS." JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 38, no. 2 (2025): 38–2. https://doi.org/10.17654/0973576325011.

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The efficacy of thermal energy storage systems is fundamentally dependent on maintaining thermal stratification within water storage tanks. This study scrutinizes how diffuser design impacts thermal stratification under varying flow rates. Specifically, we evaluate two diffuser models: a holed parallel plate radial diffuser (D-1) and a curved parallel plate radial diffuser (D-2). Utilizing an experimental setup with flow rates ranging from 5 to 8 liters per minute, complemented by Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations, our analysis reveals that the radial diffuser with a curved parallel pla

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9

Weiss, Julius, Iñigo Ortega-Fernández, Ralf Müller, Daniel Bielsa, and Thomas Fluri. "Improved thermocline initialization through optimized inlet design for single-tank thermal energy storage systems." Journal of Energy Storage 42 (October 2021): 103088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103088.

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10

Li, Peiwen, Jon Van Lew, Wafaa Karaki, Cholik Chan, Jake Stephens, and Qiuwang Wang. "Generalized charts of energy storage effectiveness for thermocline heat storage tank design and calibration." Solar Energy 85, no. 9 (2011): 2130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.05.022.

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11

Chang, Zheshao, Xin Li, Quentin Falcoz, Zhifeng Wang, Pierre Neveu, and Thomas Fasquelle. "Approximate analytical characterization and multi-parametric optimization design of single-tank thermocline heat storage system." Applied Thermal Engineering 181 (November 2020): 116010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116010.

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12

Shao, Liqun, Jingjin Li, Hongkai Fu, Kun Liu, Wenfeng Gao, and Qiong Li. "Thermal and flow mixing analysis in a square hot water storage tank during discharge using PIV/PLIF techniques." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2025): 111. https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci250111111s.

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The square-shaped hot water storage tank is widely used in thermal energy storage systems due to its easy processing and installation. In this study, to address the degradation of water discharge efficiency caused by the mixing of cold and hot water in the hot water discharge process of square tanks, based on modelling experiments, particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence techniques were used to visualise and quantitatively analyse the thermal mixing phenomenon in a conventional square hot water storage tank with typical water discharge flow rate in engineering applications (9

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13

Geyer, M., W. Bitterlich, and K. Werner. "The Dual Medium Storage Tank at the IEA/SSPS Project in Almeria (Spain); Part I: Experimental Validation of the Thermodynamic Design Model." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 109, no. 3 (1987): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268205.

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Efficient and reliable thermal storage is an important requirement for substituting conventional power systems with solar thermal facilities. Storage will synchronize the intermittent supply of solar radiation with the usually constant demand of technical thermal processes. The distributed collector system of the IEA/SSPS Project in Almeri´a (Spain) uses two different storage systems for the 100 to 295°C temperature range: a single thermocline vessel and a dual medium storage tank (DMST). In the first tank, thermal oil is used as the energy carrier as well as for energy storage; in the dual me

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14

Zhang, Yunshen, Yun Guo, Jiaao Zhu, Weijian Yuan, and Feng Zhao. "New Advances in Materials, Applications, and Design Optimization of Thermocline Heat Storage: Comprehensive Review." Energies 17, no. 10 (2024): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17102403.

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To achieve sustainable development goals and meet the demand for clean and efficient energy utilization, it is imperative to advance the penetration of renewable energy in various sectors. Energy storage systems can mitigate the intermittent issues of renewable energy and enhance the efficiency and economic viability of existing energy facilities. Among various energy storage technologies, thermocline heat storage (THS) has garnered widespread attention from researchers due to its stability and economic advantages. Currently, there are only a few review articles focusing on THS, and there is a

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15

Xi, Xinming, Zicheng Zhang, Huimin Wei, Zeyu Chen, and Xiaoze Du. "Experimental Study of Simultaneous Charging and Discharging Process in Thermocline Phase Change Heat Storage System Based on Solar Energy." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (2023): 7322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097322.

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As a renewable energy power generation method, concentrating solar power generation has a broad application prospect. Weather and fluctuation significantly affect the output power of concentrating solar power generation. A heat storage system can stabilize this fluctuation and generate continuous and stable power. Therefore, the research on heat storage systems is of great significance to the development of concentrating solar power generation. This paper mainly studies the operating characteristics of the heat storage system based on solar energy in simultaneous charging, the influence in the

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16

Nuñez, Suleivys M., Felipe E. Trujillo Preuss, and Yunesky Masip Macía. "Numerical Study for the Design of a Thermal Energy Storage System with Multiple Tunnels Based on Phase Change Material: Case Study Mining in Chile (Thermal Storage in Off-Grid Industrial Applications)." Applied Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024): 3690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14093690.

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This paper presents a numerical model for thermal energy storage systems’ design, development, and feasibility. The energy storage was composed of a tank that stores phase change material (AlSi12) and internal pipes with heat transfer fluid (Cerrolow 117), coupled to a power block to dispatch electrical energy on a small scale for off-grid industrial applications. Subsequently, the evolution of the temperature in charge/discharge cycles, temperature degradation, and storage efficiency was determined with the appropriate magnitudes and behavior through the resolution of a numerical model. In ad

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17

Pilotelli, M., B. Grassi, A. M. Lezzi, and G. P. Beretta. "Flow models of perforated manifolds and plates for the design of a large thermal storage tank for district heating with minimal maldistribution and thermocline growth." Applied Energy 322 (September 2022): 119436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119436.

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18

Grena, Roberto, Mattia Cagnoli, Roberto Zanino, and Michela Lanchi. "Overcoming Power Limitations of Electric Heating in a Solar Salt Thermal Storage by Microwave Heating." Energies 18, no. 8 (2025): 2059. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18082059.

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The expected increase in energy production from VRE (Variable Renewable Energy) requires a significant increase in energy storage capacity, with thermal storage potentially offering a key contribution. However, heat transfer mechanisms can limit the maximum power instantaneously transferable to the storage medium, posing a significant operational challenge. An analysis is presented here of the power limitations that arise when molten salt thermal storage adopting Solar Salt (NaNO3/KNO3, 60/40%wt) is heated by electrical resistances (Joule heating), and a possible alternative—the volumetric hea

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19

Guo, Huiqian, ELSaeed Saad ELSihy, Zhirong Liao, and Xiaoze Du. "A Comparative Study on the Performance of Single and Multi-Layer Encapsulated Phase Change Material Packed-Bed Thermocline Tanks." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082175.

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This paper presents a numerical study that aims at investigating the effects of different parameters on the dynamic performance of single and multi-layer encapsulated phase material (PCM) thermocline tanks. A transient, one-dimensional, two-phase, concentric-dispersion model is formulated to evaluate such performance. Encapsulated paraffin waxes having different melting-points are used as PCMs, with water as heat transfer fluid. Comprehensive comparisons between single-PCM and multiple-PCMs systems are numerically analyzed first. Second, the effects of the PCM volume fraction (VF) and the inve

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20

Mira-Hernández, Carolina, Scott M. Flueckiger, and Suresh V. Garimella. "Comparative Analysis of Single- and Dual-Media Thermocline Tanks for Thermal Energy Storage in Concentrating Solar Power Plants." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 137, no. 3 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4029453.

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A molten-salt thermocline tank is a low-cost option for thermal energy storage (TES) in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. Typical dual-media thermocline (DMT) tanks contain molten salt and a filler material that provides sensible heat capacity at reduced cost. However, conventional quartzite rock filler introduces the potential for thermomechanical failure by successive thermal ratcheting of the tank wall under cyclical operation. To avoid this potential mode of failure, the tank may be operated as a single-medium thermocline (SMT) tank containing solely molten salt. However, in the abse

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21

Rodríguez-García, Margarita Manuela, Esther Rojas, Alain Ferriere, Lester Padilla, and Juan Manuel Caruncho. "Thermocline Storage Tank with Concrete Filler." SolarPACES Conference Proceedings 1 (January 10, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.658.

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A thermal storage of 2500 kWh is designed, built and installed at the site of the experimental solar tower of Themis in Targasonne (France) within the POLYPHEM project (H2020 program, Ref N. 764048). The thermal energy storage (TES) consists of a thermocline tank with solid filler and thermal oil as heat transfer fluid. Tank walls, filler bricks and foundations are made of concrete. This new concept introduces some challenges that have been addresed during the construction and commissioning of the TES system. In this paper, authors present the main issues and solutions adopted for the tank des

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22

Junli, Chen, Zhang Yanping, Zou Chongzhe, Xiao Yulong, and Ouyang Yuming. "Thermal performance analysis of a thermocline storage tank with integrated annular distributors." Frontiers in Energy Research 11 (July 25, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1190760.

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The implementation of single-tank thermocline storage systems in concentrating solar power systems is a promising solution to improve their stability and continuity. However, flow uniformity within the tank is crucial for achieving optimal thermal efficiency. Distributors have been used to homogenize flow uniformity, and their geometrical parameters significantly impact the thermal performance. In this study, a transient three-dimensional model was developed to investigate the effect of annular distributor gaps on temperature and velocity distribution during the charging and discharging proces

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23

Kolb, Gregory J. "Evaluation of Annual Performance of 2-Tank and Thermocline Thermal Storage Systems for Trough Plants." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 133, no. 3 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4004239.

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A study was performed to compare the annual performance of 50 MWe Andasol-like trough plants that employ either a 2-tank or a thermocline-type molten-salt thermal storage system. trnsys software was used to create the plant models and to perform the annual simulations. The annual performance of each plant was found to be nearly identical in the base-case comparison. The reason that the thermocline exhibited nearly the same performance is primarily due to the ability of many trough power blocks to operate at a temperature that is significantly below the design point. However, if temperatures cl

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24

M., A. Karim. "Performance Evaluation of A Stratified Chilled- Water Thermal Storage System." May 25, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1076812.

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In countries with hot climates, air-conditioning forms a large proportion of annual peak electrical demand, requiring expansion of power plants to meet the peak demand, which goes unused most of the time. Use of well-designed cool storage can offset the peak demand to a large extent. In this study, an air conditioning system with naturally stratified storage tank was designed, constructed and tested. A new type of diffuser was designed and used in this study. Factors that influence the performance of chilled water storage tanks were investigated. The results indicated that stratified storage t

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25

Flueckiger, Scott M., Zhen Yang, and Suresh V. Garimella. "Thermomechanical Simulation of the Solar One Thermocline Storage Tank." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 134, no. 4 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4007665.

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The growing interest in large-scale solar power production has led to a renewed exploration of thermal storage technologies. In a thermocline storage system, heat transfer fluid (HTF) from the collection field is simultaneously stored at both excited and dead thermal states inside a single tank by exploiting buoyancy forces. A granulated porous medium included in the tank provides additional thermal mass for storage and reduces the volume of HTF required. While the thermocline tank offers a low-cost storage option, thermal ratcheting of the tank wall (generated by reorientation of the granular

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26

Van Lew, Jon T., Peiwen Li, Cho Lik Chan, Wafaa Karaki, and Jake Stephens. "Analysis of Heat Storage and Delivery of a Thermocline Tank Having Solid Filler Material." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 133, no. 2 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4003685.

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Thermal storage has been considered as an important measure to extend the operation of a concentrated solar power plant by providing more electricity and meeting the peak demand of power in the time period from dusk to late night everyday, or even providing power on cloudy days. Discussed in this paper is thermal energy storage in a thermocline tank having a solid filler material. To provide more knowledge for designing and operating of such a thermocline storage system, this paper firstly presents the application of method of characteristics for numerically predicting the heat charging and di

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27

Valmiki, M. M., Wafaa Karaki, Peiwen Li, Jon Van Lew, Cholik Chan, and Jake Stephens. "Experimental Investigation of Thermal Storage Processes in a Thermocline Tank." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 134, no. 4 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4006962.

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This paper presents an experimental study of the energy charge and discharge processes in a packed bed thermocline thermal storage tank for application in concentrated solar power plants. A mathematical analysis was provided for better understanding and planning of the experimental tests. The mathematical analysis indicated that the energy storage effectiveness is related to fluid and solid material properties, tank dimensions, packing schemes of the solid filler material, and the durations of the charge and discharge times. Dimensional analysis of the governing equations was applied to consol

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28

Hernandez Corona, Brenda, Thomas Fasquelle, Muhammad Abdullah, et al. "Towards a More Efficient Design of High Temperature Concentrating Solar Power Plant With Cascaded Thermal Energy Storage." SolarPACES Conference Proceedings 2 (February 3, 2025). https://doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v2i.780.

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This work proposes a novel concentrating solar power (CSP) plant configuration aiming at a high operation temperature of 1000°C. The thermal energy storage system (TES) would be the focus of this research by modifying it and proposing four configurations to enhance the overall efficiency of high-temperature solar power towers. The objective is to identify the most thermodynamically efficient designs by analyzing the literature on the different components and comparing them to a reference base case of a conventional 100 MWe solar power tower plant (2-tank molten salt TES) operating at 565°C. Th

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29

Ghobeity, Amin, and Alexander Mitsos. "Optimal Design and Operation of a Solar Energy Receiver and Storage." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 134, no. 3 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4006402.

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Optimization of design and operation is presented for a solar energy receiver combined with a thermal energy storage. The concentrated solar power on-demand (CSPonD) concept, which can be described, in brief, as a volumetric solar energy receiver system combined with a modified raft thermocline concept, is considered. The CSPonD concept is assumed to be providing heat for a general cogeneration scheme where power production is the main product of the cogeneration. With a constant power production, a secondary process is assumed to consume the process heat from the CSPonD and power cycle. Model

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