Academic literature on the topic 'Thermocouple'

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Journal articles on the topic "Thermocouple"

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Fang, Cong Fu, Hui Huang, and Xi Peng Xu. "The Influence of Thermocouples on the Measurement of Grinding Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.549.

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An experimental investigation was conducted to reveal the influence of thermocouples on the measurement of grinding temperatures. The temperatures at the wheel-workpiece interface were measured in dry grinding using two types of foil thermocouples. It is shown that the temperatures measured by the different types or geometric parameters of thermocouples were rather different. For a specific thermocouple, the temperatures generally decreased with the reduced end-surface area of the thermocouple, which is possibly related to the reduced number of abrasives at the wheel-thermocouple interface.
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Tszeng, T. C., and V. Saraf. "A Study of Fin Effects in the Measurement of Temperature Using Surface-Mounted Thermocouples." Journal of Heat Transfer 125, no. 5 (September 23, 2003): 926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1597622.

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The present study addresses the effects of thermocouples on the measured temperature when such thermocouples are mounted directly on the surface of the object. A surface-mounted thermocouple is a very convenient way of measuring the surface temperature. However, the heat conduction into/from the thermocouple wire changes the local temperature at the thermocouple junctions along with the immediate vicinity of the thermocouple. As a consequence, the emf appearing at the thermocouple terminals does not correspond to the actual surface temperature. In this paper, we first discuss the general characteristics of the enhanced heating/cooling due to the so-called “fin effects” associated with the surface-mounted thermocouples. An embedded computational model is then developed so that the model can be used in conjunction with a regular FEM model for the multidimensional calculation of the heating or cooling of a part. The embedded computational model is shown to offer very accurate calculation of the temperature at the junction of thermocouple wire. The developed computational model is further used in the inverse heat transfer calculation for a Jominy end quench experiment.
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You, Fang Yi, and Qiu Lian Dai. "The Study on Optimum Thickness of Thermocouple Used for Measuring the Grinding Temperatures of Brittle Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1296.

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The grinding temperatures were measured with half-cylindrical thermocouple which made by grinding method and measrued with foil thermocouple which made by rolling method respectively when grinding brittle granite with an Al2O3 wheel. Experimental results include average grinding zone temperatures and grains’ temperatures were analysed. The deviation of average grinding zone temperatures measured by them were within 6%. The foil thermocouples do not easily to lap due to the brittleness of the workpiece which usually makes the joint of thermocouples disconnected. But half-cylindrical thermocouples are more convenient to be prepared and be used than foil ones. However, the periodic “flash” impulses which reflect the grains’ temperature measured by half-cylindrical thermocouple were about 51% lower than the others. According to time constant, the thickness of the thermocouple less than 0.007mm is a necessary condition for measure the grains’ temperatures without distortion. The half-cylindrical thermocouple is too thick to have a momentary response time thus makes it out of the measurement accuracy range when it is used to measure the temperature of the grains. Therefore, foil thermocouple has an optimum thickness of 0.007mm is suitable for measuring the grains’ temperature while half-cylindrical thermocouple with average thickness less than 0.12mm is suitable for measuring the average grinding zone temperature.
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Hatmoko, Sumantri Hatmoko, Kussigit Santosa Santosa, Giarno Giarno Giarno, Dedy Haryanto Haryanto, Mulya Juarsa Juarsa, M. Hadi Kusuma, Anhar Riza Antariksawan, and Surip Widodo Widodo. "KARAKTERISASI TERMOKOPEL TIPE K PADA FASILITAS SIMULASI SISTEM FASSIP-02." POROS 16, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v16i2.11651.

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In the activities of the Pratama Insinas, Ministry of Higher Education technology research in 2018, PTKRN BATAN built a testing facility that simulates a passive cooling system on the reactor core when there is a loss of outside power. The test facility is the Passive-02 System Simulation Facility (FASSIP02).In FASSIP-02 there are several parameters that need to be measured, one of which is temperature. In the measurement of temperature using a K type Thermocouple Connected to the National Instrument 9178 and 9213 modules that use computer programming with LabVIEW software. Temperature measurements need to be characterized.Characterization of type K thermocouples was carried out using thermobaths, 30 type K thermocouples, standard thermocouples,National Instrument modules 9178 and 9213 with computer programming displays using LabVIEW software. The method used for characterization oftype K thermocouples is a fixed temperature comparison method where the results of the temperature control of thermobath is 30-90 ͦC compared with the results of measurements from the type Kthermocouple and standard thermocouple. From the difference of the copper-wrapped junction tip thermocouple without the copper-wrapped and standard thermocouple produces a small error value, so the use of copper as a thermocouple junction end wrapper can be used as a temperature measurement FASSIP-02.
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Jutte, Lisa S., Kenneth L. Knight, and Blaine C. Long. "Reliability and Validity of Electrothermometers and Associated Thermocouples." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 17, no. 1 (February 2008): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.17.1.50.

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Objective:Examine thermocouple model uncertainty (reliability + validity).Design:First, a 3 × 3 repeated measures design with independent variables electrothermometers and thermocouple model. Second, a 1 × 3 repeated measures design with independent variable subprobe.Intervention:Three electrothermometers, 3 thermocouple models, a multi-sensor probe and a mercury thermometer measured a stable water bath.Main Outcome Measures:Temperature and absolute temperature differences between thermocouples and a mercury thermometer.Results:Thermocouple uncertainty was greater than manufactures’ claims. For all thermocouple models, validity and reliability were better in the Iso-Themex than the Datalogger, but there were no practical differences between models within an electrothermometers. Validity of multi-sensor probes and thermocouples within a probe were not different but were greater than manufacturers’ claims. Reliability of multiprobes and thermocouples within a probe were within manufacturers claims.Conclusion:Thermocouple models vary in reliability and validity. Scientists should test and report the uncertainty of their equipment rather than depending on manufactures’ claims.
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Krille, Tobias, Rico Poser, Markus Diel, and Jens von Wolfersdorf. "Conduction and Inertia Correction for Transient Thermocouple Measurements. Part II: Experimental Validation and Application." E3S Web of Conferences 345 (2022): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234501003.

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Thermocouples are often used for temperature measurements. Under transient conditions, measurement errors can occur due to capacitive inertia and heat conduction along the stem of the thermocouples. To correct such errors, a method is presented in Part I [1] of this paper, which uses a simplified analytical approach and a numerical solution. In the present work, this method is applied to temperature measurements. Several experiments with different thermocouple designs were performed to investigate different conditions such as installation depth, thermocouple type and transient temperature rises. In all cases, two thermocouples were placed so that they are exposed to the same fluid temperature. They are installed with short or long immersion length, respectively. It is shown that only the short thermocouple experiences a thermal conduction error, but both are subject to thermal inertia. The importance of compensating for these effects is shown by quantifying the errors in a typical heat transfer experiment when they are neglected. It is shown, which parameters are necessary for a re-calculation of fluid temperatures when two thermocouples are present at the same measuring position. Furthermore, a simplified method is described, which can be applied if the instrumentation of only one thermocouple is possible.
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Harashita, Junichi, Yuji Tomoda, and Jun Shinozuka. "Development of a Cutting Tool with Micro Built-In Thermocouples - Characteristic of the Micro Cu/Ni Thermocouples Fabricated by Electroless Plating and Electro Plating." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.815.

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This study has devised a tool insert with micro built-in thermocouples in order to establish a cutting-temperature measuring method for practical use. This tool insert possesses seven pairs of micro Cu/Ni film thermocouple near the cutting edge on the rake face. In this study, Cu film and Ni film were deposited in the micro grooves corresponding to a circuit pattern of the micro thermocouple by means of electroless plating and electroplating. This paper shows the results of the investigation concerning the electrical properties of the micro Cu/Ni film thermocouples. The influence of the current density in electroplating on the electrical resistivity of the films was examined. The characteristic of the Seebeck property of the micro Cu/Ni film thermocouple was investigated in a temperature difference of up to 600 K with a heating apparatus developed. The Seebeck coefficient of the micro Cu/Ni film thermocouple was smaller by 28 % than that of a Cu/Ni wire thermocouple. The result implies that the degradation in the Seebeck property of the micro Cu/Ni film thermocouple derives from an existence of an impurity between Cu film and Ni film in the hot junction.
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Rosman N., Andi. "Perancangan Termokopel Berbahan Besi (Fe) dan Tembaga (Cu) Untuk Sensor Temperatur." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental Sciences 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijfs.v4i2.7640.

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The design of iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) thermocouples has been carried out for temperature sensors. The sensor will be made of two different types of materials namely iron and copper. The reference temperature used is 10C. The data collection procedure is first of all a thermocouple with a hot junction is tied together with a solder as a heat source. Besides that, it is also tied to a factory thermocouple that functions as a calibrator. Then the other end of the thermocouple (cold junction) will be inserted into a container containing ice cubes. Then the ports for each thermocouple will be connected to a multimeter, each of which is used to measure temperature (0C) and voltage (mV). From the results of observations and analyzes, it was found that for iron and copper thermocouples had the following characteristics: Seebeck coefficient was 0.001, the mean temperature rises and falls respectively (106.17 ± 0.82) 0C and (118.67 ± 0.90) 0C. The sensitivity of the thermocouple is 0.5 mV / 0C with linearity of 0.9.
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Kuppu Rao, V., and M. F. Bardon. "A note on the measurement of temperature in reciprocating engines using thermocouples." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 223, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 1187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto1158.

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This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the response of a thermocouple placed in a reciprocating engine. The manner in which the temperatures recorded by the thermocouple lag behind and are attenuated from the fluctuating fluid temperatures because of thermal inertia of the thermocouple is analysed. A method is suggested for computing the true fluid temperatures from the measured temperatures in an engine under both motoring and operating conditions. This compensation technique allows the use of larger, more robust thermocouples without losing the rapid time response of very small thermocouple wires.
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Tuz, Yulian, Oleh Kozyr, and Yuriy Samartsev. "Features of temperature measurement of short thermal pulses." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2021.228237.

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Short thermal impulses are typical for the explosions, glowing combustion products, which are accompanied by high pressure and destructive force. The most suitable thermocouples for measuring temperature values of a high-speed thermal process are thermocouples with known dynamic characteristics, which record the value of the output EMF during the temperature change transient process. Hourly dependence of the input temperature is calculated by converting from the operator to hourly form or from the hourly dependence through the inverted convolution of the output signal with the pulse transient characteristic by numerical methods. Restoration of the values of temperature acting on them is done by EMF measured values processing using the well-known dynamic characteristics of thermocouples, which are suggested to be pre-determined in the form of magnitude and phase frequency response, by heating the thermocouple with a sinusoidal electric current of the appropriate frequency. To be able to implement the method of determining the characteristics of thermocouple dynamics, a model of the processes that occur in the thermocouple when electric current is passing through it is presented. The use of sinusoidal electric current to heat up the thermocouple leads to the appearance of a DC component and a component with second harmonic in the output of EMF. On the basis of the proposed model, the algorithm of obtaining the magnitude and phase frequency response of the thermocouple by means of determining the ratio of the amplitudes of the EMF variable of the thermocouple in the form of a composition at the double frequency of the input current to the amplitude of the second harmonic of the input current, obtained by means of elevation to the square of output EMF instantaneous values by the calculating method, is developed. The methodology was developed, a research system was created, and experimental samples of the fast thermocouples were made. The obtained dynamic characteristics allow, by applying the inverse function, to adequately measure the current temperature of thermal impulses using the data of the output thermal EMF of thermocouples. Keywords: measurement; temperature; thermal pulse; thermocouple; dynamic characteristics; Nyquist plot.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermocouple"

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Wanis, Paul. "Thermocouple Measurements without Custom Electronics." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604537.

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ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Thermocouple measurements require “cold junction” compensation in order to obtain a correct reading. This compensation has traditionally been done with custom circuitry. In flight test applications where volume and power are at a premium (e.g. weapons flight test) it is desirable to have a more flexible solution that uses standard analog data acquisition channels already available as part of the encoder circuitry and performs compensation with remote software. This can be done via digital compensation, but certain measures must be taken to maintain accuracy and minimize noise. This paper describes some of these techniques and their performance tradeoffs.
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Kar, K. C. "Three-thermocouple technique for fluctuating temperature measurement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403757.

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Hung, P. C. F. "Two-thermocouple based sensor characterisation and temperature reconstruction." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426790.

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MONTEIRO, MARCELO DOS SANTOS. "METROLOGICAL ESTIMATION OF THERMOELECTRIC STABILITY IN AUPT THERMOCOUPLE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3668@1.

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Em 1990, com a adoção da Escala Internacional de Temperatura de 1990, o termopar de platina e platina/ródio deixou de ser o instrumento de interpolação entre 630 graus Celsius e 1064 graus Celsius, em virtude de sua pouca estabilidade, sendo a partir daí utilizados o termômetro de resistência de platina de alta temperatura (TRPAT) e o termômetro de radiação. Este estudo realiza uma investigação prática das características de um termopar de ouro e platina, ambos com pureza superior a 99,999 por cento, no que diz respeito à sua estabilidade termoelétrica e à homogeneidade de seus termoelementos, questionando a possibilidade de seu uso como alternativa ao emprego do TRPAT em processos de medição que exijam grande exatidão com custo mais baixo. Neste trabalho, o termopar estudado foi submetido a temperaturas próximas ao seu limite máximo de operação, que é de 1000 graus Celsius, por mais de 1500 horas, sendo avaliadas a sua estabilidade e a sua homogeneidade em função do tempo de uso, com o auxílio de uma célula de ponto fixo da prata do Inmetro, que é um padrão primário de temperatura.
In 1990, with the adoption of the International Temperature Scale of 1990, the platinum/platinum-rhodium thermocouple was removed as the interpolation instrument between 630 graus Celsius and 1064 Celsius degrees, due its low stability, in favor of the high temperature standard platinum resistance thermometer (HTSPRT) and the radiation thermometer. In this work, it is performed a practical investigation of the characteristics of a 99,999 percent purity gold-platinum thermocouple, concerning its thermoelectric stability and homogeneity of its thermoelements, questioning the possibility of its use as an alternative to the HTSPRT in measurement processes requiring high accuracy with lower costs. In this work, the test thermocouple was exposed to temperatures close to its upper limit (1000 Celsius degrees) for more than 1500 hours, being its stability and homogeneity evaluated as function of time, with aid of a silver fixed point cell from Inmetro, that is a temperature primary standard.
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Vedula, Ramakrishna. "Materials for High Temperature Thin Film Thermocouple Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46493.

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The thermocouple systems used for the measurement of surface temperature in high temperature applications such as advanced aerospace propulsion systems and diesel engine systems are expected to perform in rapidly fluctuating and extremely high heat fluxes corresponding to high temperatures (in excess of 1400 K) and high speed flows. Traditionally, Pt/Pt-Rh based thin film thermocouples have been used for surface temperature measurements. However, recent studies indicated several problems associated with these thermocouples at temperatures exceeding 1000 K, some of which include poor adhesion to the substrate, rhodium oxidation and reaction with the substrate at high temperatures. Therefore, there is an impending demand for thermoelectric materials that can withstand severe environments in terms of temperature and heat fluxes. In this study, thin films of titanium carbide and tantalum carbide as well as two families of conducting perovskite oxides viz., cobaltites and manganates (La(1-x)SrxCoO3, M(1-x)Cax MnO3 where, M=La,Y) were investigated for high temperature thin film thermocouple applications as alternate candidate materials. Thin films of the carbides were deposited by r.f. sputtering while the oxide thin films were deposited using pulsed laser ablation. Sapphire (1102) was used as substrate for all the thin film depositions. All the thin films were characterized for high temperature stability in terms of phase, microstructure and chemical composition using x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis respectively. Electrical conductivity and seebeck coefficients were measured in-situ using a custom made device. It was observed that TiC/TaC thin film thermocouples were stable up to 1373 K in vacuum and yield high and fairly stable thermocouple output. The conducting oxides were tested in air and were found to be stable up to at least 1273 K. The manganates were stable up to 1373 K. It was observed that all the oxides studied crystallize in a single phase perovskite structure. This phase is stable up to annealing temperatures of 1373 K. The predominant electrical conduction mechanism was found to be small polaron hopping. Stable and fairly high electrical conductivities as well as seebeck coefficients accompanied with phase, structure, composition and microstructure stability indicate that these materials hold excellent promise for high temperature thin film thermocouple applications.
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Ongrai, Oijai. "New approaches to improve thermocouple thermometry to 2000°C." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556493.

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Thermocouples are widely used temperature sensors and convenient high temperature transfer standards. However, the achievable accuracy is limited by the effects of inhomogeneity, drift and contamination. The work reported in this thesis focuses on approaches to reduce the uncertainty of temperature measurement with thermocouples up to 2000 QC. These approaches are qualification of new thermocouple types and the investigation of two approaches to self-calibration at high temperatures utilising recently developed high temperature fixed points whose transition temperatures are in excess of the Cu fixed point (1084 QC). Robust high performance elemental thermocouples (Pt/Pd) have been developed and a comparative study performed relative to more conventional types to quantitatively demonstrate the enhanced performance of the new thermocouple. It was found that the Pt/Pd thermocouple showed substantially better stability and lower homogeneity than the two type R thermocouples during a 500 h ageing programme at 1350 QC. The special type R thermocouple, which was given the same preparatory treatment as the Pt/Pd thermocouple, showed better stability and homogeneity than the normal type R thermocouple, The development of in-situ calibration methods is described. The initial development of the "integrated cell" method where the mini-fixed point cells are integrated and formed into a measurement junction was investigated. Four fixed point materials were investigated; Ag (962 QC) and the metal-carbon eutectic fixed point cells of Co-C (1324 QC), Fe-C (1153 QC) and Pd-C (1492 QC). It was found that this approach is significantly influenced by the thermal gradient within the furnace. Nonetheless, the experimental results show good repeatability of melting plateaux for monitoring calibration drift of the sensor in-situ. Because this approach is restricted to bare wire thermocouples it cannot be easily used above 1500 QC hence a different "immersion cell" approach was followed. In order to extend the possibility of self-calibration above 1500 QC, "immersion cells", for the in-situ calibration of mineral insulated metal sheathed WIRe thermocouples (type C), were developed. The refractory metal W/Re thermocouple, is widely used to at least 2300 QC in industry and hence an appropriate subject for study. The development and construction of immersion cells made from metal-carbon eutectic fixed points; Co-C (1324 QC), Pd-C (1492 QC), and Ru-C (1954 QC) is discussed. A multi-mini cell for the WIRe thermocouple was also trialled. Given the significant drift observed with WIRe thermocouples it is clear that the immersion cell is required to reduce thermocouple temperature measurement uncertainty at high temperatures. These developments were supported by appropriate thermal modelling. This is described at the appropriate part of the relevant chapters.
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SOUZA, CESAR LEOPOLDO DE. "METROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THERMOELECTRIC STABILITY OF TYPE K THERMOCOUPLE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4386@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A presente Dissertação de Mestrado, intitulada Avaliação metrológica da estabilidade termoelétrica do termopar tipo K, refere-se à verificação de desvios de estabilidade da força eletromotriz induzidos pelo uso de termopares tipo k com isolação mineral de 3mm de diâmetro. Foram analisadas oito amostras de quatro fabricantes nacionais de termopares, após sua exposição a um campo de temperatura de 995 diferente de 0,5 graus Celsius, portanto próximo ao seu limite de aplicabilidade (1070 graus Celsius), simulando uma condição de uso em regime contínuo. As amostras foram recozidas a uma temperatura de 1000 graus Celsius para regularizar o estado de tensão antes dos ensaios realizados e suas condições físico-químicas avaliadas antes dos experimentos, com base em analises química e metalográficas. As variações da força eletromotriz, induzidas pelo uso, foram avaliadas com base em calibrações que antecederam e sucederam a exposição das amostras ao campo de temperatura previamente determinado, realizadas contra temperaturas de referência obtidas pelo uso de seis células de pontos fixos (Ag, Al, Zn, Sn, In e Ga). Como contextualização, a dissertação também apresenta um breve histórico relacionado à medição da temperatura e ao uso de termopares tipo K, além de fundamentar a teoria que sustenta o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, suas conclusões, estabelecendo, assim, as bases para recomendações de novos trabalhos neste campo. Como resultado central da investigação conduzida, comprovou- se que, para as condições de trabalhos impostas (calibração em células de ponto fixo e exposição à temperatura de 995 graus Celsius em regime contínuo), todas as amostras apresentaram desvios nas suas curvas de calibração que variam na faixa de 0,2 a 4,0 graus Celsius, explicitando intervalos superiores às expectativas dos usuários. O período de vida dos experimentos completou-se com um intervalo de tempo de 134 h de submissão ao campo de temperatura. A pesquisa é de relevância no contexto industrial e científico pelo fato de o termopar tipo K representar cerca de 70 por cento do mercado brasileiro de termopares, e ser uma expectativa e recomendação do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia do Brasil, o Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO).
The present masters dissertation entitled Metrological Assessment of Thermoelectric Stability of Type K Thermocouple, refers to the verification of stability deviations in the electromotive force induced by the use of type K thermocouple with 3mm diameter mineral insulation. Eight samples from four national thermocouples manufacturers were analyzed, after their exposure to a 995 different to 0,5 temperature field, thus very close to its applicability threshold (1070 Celsius degree), simulating a continuous regime condition of use. The samples were annealed at 1000 Celsius degree to regulate the strain state before the tests; their physical-chemical conditions were assessed before the essays based on chemical and metallographic analyses. The variations in electromotive forces induced by use were assessed based on calibrations made before and after the exposure of the samples to the temperature field previously determined,performed against reference temperatures obtained with the use of six fixed- point cells (Ag, Al, Zn, Sn, In and Ga). The dissertation also presents a brief history on temperature gauging and the use of type K thermocouples, in addition to showing the basis of the theory that supports research development, its conclusions, thus establishing the basis for recommendations of new research in this field. The main result of the research carried out enabled us to prove that, for the imposed working conditions (calibration on fixed-point cells and exposure to temperatures of 995 Celsius degree under a continuous regime), all the samples presented deviations in their calibration curves which varied from 0.2 to 4.0 Celsius degree, which made explicit higher intervals than those expected by the users. The test s lifetime was completed with a 134 hour time interval submission to the temperature field. The research is relevant in the industrial and scientific context because type K thermocouples represent approximately 70percent of the Brazilian thermocouple market, and because it is an expectation and a recommendation of the National Metrology Institute of Brazil - the Instituto Nacional de Metrologia,Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO).
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Brown, Colin. "System identification applied to dual-thermocouple transient temperature measurement." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517017.

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Genix, Michaël. "Mesures thermiques locales par thermocouple intrinsèque en modes contact et non contact." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2005.

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Cette thèse, au sein du département Micro Nano Sciences et Systèmes du laboratoire FEMTO-ST, s'inscrit dans le développement de la microscopie thermique. Nous avons proposé d'étudier la mesure locale par thermocouple intrinsèque en modes contact et non contact. L'originalité de ces méthodes est qu'elles font intervenir l'échantillon conducteur comme l'un des éléments du couple thermoélectrique. La première partie de ces travaux a consisté à concevoir, réaliser et mesurer des étalons thermiques indispensables au développement d'un principe de mesure thermique. La seconde partie de cette thèse a été consacrée à la conception et à la réalisation de sondes locales spécifiquement dédiées à la mesure par thermocouple intrinsèque. Plusieurs architectures différentes ont été proposées et nous avons montré les résultats de caractérisation obtenus ainsi que les limitations de cette méthode intrinsèque. Enfin, la dernière partie de ces travaux a été dédiée à la mise en place d'un microscope à forces électrostatiques. Celui-ci permet la quantification de la Différence de Potentiel de Contact sans contact entre la sonde et l'échantillon de test. Celui-ci a permis de présenter les premières mesures de la variation de l'énergie de surface en fonction de la température
This thesis has been carried out at the department MN2S of the laboratory FEMTO-ST. It has been devoted to the study of thermal microscopy. We have investigated local measurement methods by intrinsic thermocouple in contact mode and non contact mode. The originality of these methods is the fact that the conductive device under test acts as an element of the thermoelectric couple. The first part of this work was to design, implement and calibrate thermal standards necessary in order to develop a thermal metrology principle. The second part of this thesis was dedicated to design and fabricate special probes to investigate the intrinsic thermocouple method. We have proposed different probe designs and complete measurement results, as well as the limitations of this intrinsic method. Eventually, the third part has dealt with assembling an electrostatic force microscope. This microscope allows the quantification of the Contact Potential Difference without contact between the probe and the device under test. The first experimental results are described showing the temperature dependence of the surface energy
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Holmström, Marcus. "Design of a Carbon Fiber Thermocouple for Elevated Temperature Measurements." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279105.

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Thermocouples are one of the most commonly used instruments for thermometry at elevated  temperatures. As of today, there are only a few types of thermocouples that are built to withstand a temperature beyond 1600 °C,however they usually have a temperature measurement uncertainty of around 1% at these high temperatures. Beyond the 1600 °C temperature span, most high temperature thermocouples tend to drift in the measurements, causing it to output a faulty and inaccurate read of the actual temperature. This thesis explores the usage of carbon fibers as a material to be used in thermocouples, by the combination of two dissimilar carbon fibers. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and rayon based fibers were used up to a temperature of 200 °C, where the output voltage of the thermocouple was logged. The study shows a promising and stable linear output of the electromotive force for this type of thermocouple using commercially available carbon fibers at lower temperatures. A comparison is made between the commonly used thermocouples type K and S, results shows that the carbon thermocouple have around 21% of the thermoelectrical efficiency of that of a type K or S thermocouple at 25 °C. For the case of its functionality at higher temperatures, similar graphite material has been studied through literature and found a potential increase in the thermoelectrical stability at higher temperatures beyond 2000 °C, which show that carbon-based thermocouples are well suited for high temperature measurements.
Termoelement är ett av de mest använda instrumenten för temperaturavläsning vid upphöjda temperaturer. Idag finns det bara några få typer av termoelement som är byggda för temperaturer över 1600 ℃, däremot innehar dom vanligtvis en temperaturmätnings osäkerhet på cirka 1% vid dessa höga temperaturer. Över 1600 ℃ temperaturintervallet har de flesta högtemperatur termoelement en tendens att skifta i mätningarna vilket orsakar en felaktig och inexakt mätning av den faktiska temperaturen. Denna avhandling undersöker användningen av kolfiber som ett material för användning i termoelement, genom kombinationen av två olika grafitfibrer. Polyacrylonitrile- (PAN) och Rayon-baserade fibrer användes i en sammansatt kombination upp till en temperatur av 200 ℃, där spänningen mättes mot temperaturen. Studien visar en lovande och stabil linjär effekt av dess elektromotoriska spänning för denna typ av termoelement med kommersiellt tillgängliga kolfibrer vid lägre temperaturer. En jämförelse görs mellan de vanliga termoelementen av typ K och S vid rumstemperaturer, resultaten visar att grafittermoelementen har cirka 21% av den termoelektriska effektiviteten hos den för en typ K eller S termoelement vid 25 ℃. När det gäller dess funktionalitet vid högre temperaturer har liknande grafitmaterial studerats och funnit en potentiell ökning av den termoelektriska stabiliteten vid högre temperaturer över 2000 ℃, vilket visar att grafitbaserade termoelement gör sig väl lämpade för högtemperaturmätningar.
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Books on the topic "Thermocouple"

1

Burns, G. W. The calibration of thermocouples and thermocouple materials. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989.

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Burns, G. W. NIST measurement services: The calibration of thermocouples and thermocouple materials. Washington, D.C: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989.

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1975-, Johnson Mitchell, ed. Practical thermocouple thermometry. Research Triangle Park, NC: ISA, 2012.

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Practical thermocouple thermometry. Research Triangle Park, NC: Instrument Society of America, 1999.

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George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., ed. Feasibility study of thin film thermocouple piles. Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 2001.

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Sisk, R. C. Feasibility study of thin film thermocouple piles. Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 2001.

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C, Fralick Gustave, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Three-wire thermocouple: Frequency response in constant flow. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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C, Fralick Gustave, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Three-wire thermocouple: Frequency response in constant flow. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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C, Fralick Gustave, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Three-wire thermocouple: Frequency response in constant flow. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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L, Meeks E., Fralick Gustave C, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Frequency response of a supported thermocouple wire: Effects of axial conduction. [Atlanta, Ga.]: Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thermocouple"

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Vlcko, Jan. "Thermocouple." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_283-1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Thermocouple." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 743. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11778.

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Weik, Martin H. "thermocouple." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1776. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_19505.

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Vlcko, Jan. "Thermocouple." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 903–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_283.

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Herwig, Heinz. "Thermoelement (thermocouple)." In Wärmeübertragung A-Z, 283–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56940-1_63.

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Link, Albert N., and John T. Scott. "Thermocouple Calibration Program." In Public Accountability, 47–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5639-8_7.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Type J Thermocouple." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 776. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12271.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Type K Thermocouple." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 776. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12272.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Type P Thermocouple." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 776. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12273.

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Andraski, Brian J., and Bridget R. Scanlon. "3.2.3 Thermocouple Psychrometry." In SSSA Book Series, 609–42. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thermocouple"

1

Igorevich, Fedosov Ivan. "Thermocouple Condition Monitoring Using Thermocouple Resistance. Experimental Study." In 2020 Ural Symposium on Biomedical Engineering, Radioelectronics and Information Technology (USBEREIT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usbereit48449.2020.9117727.

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Lam, Brenda. "An Adaptive Thermocouple Inhomogeneity Scanning System." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2019.08.

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Inhomogeneity is a major source of error affecting the accuracy of a thermocouple thermometer. It refers to variation in local Seebeck coefficient of a thermocouple along its length. Inhomogeneous thermocouples give different temperature readings up to several degrees Celsius at different immersion depths. It is therefore a good practice to characterize the inhomogeneity of a thermocouple during the calibration process. Recently, the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL) of Hong Kong developed an adaptive thermocouple inhomogeneity scanning system. The system enables us to vary the vertical immersion depth of a thermocouple and measure its Seebeck voltage variation. The step size and dwelling time in each step and total distance travelled by the thermocouple under test are controllable. While similar systems have been developed by other laboratories, SCL implemented a novel method to shorten the measurement time by adjusting the scanning step size adaptively and to determine the optimal dwelling time automatically. An in-house software was developed to implement this method. With the SCL's pattern recognition device to take readings from the display directly, the inhomogeneity of thermocouples connecting to a digital thermometer can be measured. This paper describes the design and implementation of this system. Measurement results obtained are also presented.
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Grech, Alan, Tonio Sant, and Mario Farrugia. "The Effects of Thermocouple Materials and Insulating Mica in an Erodable Surface Thermocouple." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56090.

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A finite-difference model of a surface thermocouple (erodable-ribbon type) of a heat flux sensor was built to analyze the transient response of the thermal junction and the two-dimensional effects created by the insulation between the thermocouple materials and the body material of the sensor. Such transient heat flux sensors have previously been used for measurements in internal combustion engines. It is commonly assumed that the heat transfer within these devices is one-dimensional even though the sensors are constructed from at least two different materials. It is common practice to calculate the transient heat flux using properties of body material and this leads to a substantial error as demonstrated by the model. With these sensors, low thermal capacity thermocouple junctions are formed near the surface by abrasion and response times as low as 30μs have been reported. Experiments were performed on an E type surface thermocouple heated at 11W by means of a copper vapor laser pulsating at 10kHz. Measurement of surface thermocouple temperature was performed at a 100kHz sampling rate. A finite-difference model was used to analyze the response of these sensors to the pulsed laser heating operating at 10 kHz. The insulation between the thermocouples and the body material was mica and the body material was AISI 316 stainless steel. The experimental measurements and simulation results are reported in this work. The analysis and comparison of experimental and simulation results showed that for such thermocouples two-dimensional effects exist due to the presence of mica sheets. The temperature decay between pulses was better matched using thermal properties of mica sheets rather than the thermal properties of the body material. However the body material still dominates the temperature swing of the thermocouple junction.
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Scervini, Michele. "Progress in the Development of Low Drift Nickel Based Thermocouples for High Temperature Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42652.

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Recent progresses on the new Nickel based thermocouples for high temperature applications developed at the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy of the University of Cambridge are described in this paper. Isothermal drift at temperatures above 1000°C as a function of the thermocouple diameter has been studied for both conventional Nickel based thermocouples and the new Nickel based thermocouple. The new Nickel based thermocouple experiences a much reduced drift compared to conventional sensors. Tests in thermal cyclic conditions have been undertaken on conventional and new Nickel based thermocouples, showing a clear improvement for the new sensors at temperatures both higher and lower than 1000°C. The improvements achievable with the new Nickel based thermocouple in both isothermal and thermal cycling conditions suggest that the new sensor can be used at high temperatures, where current conventional sensors are not reliable, as well as at temperatures lower than 1000°C with improved performance compared to conventional sensors.
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Weinschenk, Craig, and O. A. Ezekoye. "Analysis of Thermocouple Responses to Turbulent Radiating Environments." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44587.

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With increasing requirements for model validation when comparing computational and experimental results, there is a need to incorporate detailed representations of measurement devices within the computational simulations. Thermocouples are the most common temperature measurement transducers in flames and fire environments. Even for the relatively simple thermocouple transducer, the coupling of heat transfer mechanisms particularly under unsteady flow conditions leads to interesting dynamics. As experimentalists are well aware, the experimentally determined thermocouple values are not the same as the local gas temperatures and corrections are often required. From the computational perspective, it is improper then to assume that the predicted gas temperatures should be the same as the temperatures that an experimentalist might measure since the thermal characteristics of the thermocouple influence the indicated temperature. In this study we investigate the thermal characteristics of simulated thermocouples in unsteady flame conditions. Validation exercises are presented to test the underlying thermocouple model. Differences are noted between the predicted thermocouple response and expected response. These differences are interpreted from the perspective of what modeling artifacts might drive the differences.
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Ergut, A., and Y. Levendis. "An Investigation on Thermocouple-Based Temperature Measurements in Sooting Flames." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82332.

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Temperature is an important parameter in flame chemical structure calculations. However, accurate temperature measurements are challenging to obtain. This manuscript reports on temperature measurements in sooting ethyl-benzene flames. Measurements were conducted with an array of four decreasing size thermocouples. However, to minimize disturbance of the flame by the insertion of the insulated multi-thermocouple array, the four thermocouples were also inserted bare one at a time, and results were contrasted. In both cases, radiative heat transfer was accounted for by using the well-known Nichols method [1]. This method was somewhat modified, as the extrapolation to zero thermocouple bead size was done using third-order polynomials. Furthermore, as soot accumulates on the thermocouple beads, upon their insertion in sooting flames, the obtained signals were scrutinized to determine the point in their time-history that is appropriate for this analysis. The zero time extrapolation technique, as suggested by McEnally et al. [2], was used to correct for soot accumulation at the tip of the thermocouples. Other methods were also explored, where theoretical expressions were used with corrections applied for the radiative heat losses from the thermocouples either prior or after the accumulation of soot on the thermocouple bead. Results showed that higher temperatures were recorded when single bare thermocouples were inserted into the flame as compared to inserting four thermocouples together. The difference was attributed to the disturbance of the flow-and temperature-fields in the flame, especially by the ceramic sheath that holds thermocouples together, and the thermal interaction of the thermocouples when they were inserted into the flame simultaneously. Results also showed that a combination of modified Nichols’ method with McEnallys’ corrections for sooting flames is a preferred technique as it nearly eliminates assumptions. Resulting temperature values are supported by theoretical calculations with judicious assumptions on important parameters.
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Arifovic, Narcisa, Danijel Sestan, Davor Zvizdic, Nedzadeta Hozic, Emese Turzo-Andras, Semir Cohodarevic, Radek Strnad, et al. "A new EMPIR Project “MetForTC” for Developing Traceable Measurement Capabilities for Monitoring Thermocouple Performance." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201918006.

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In order to enhance the availability of facilities in the field of contact thermometry in European emerging National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs), where access to types of facilities is currently limited an EMPIR Research Potential Project named “Traceable Measurement Capabilities for Monitoring Thermocouple Performance” (MetForTC) has been launched. Overall ten partners has been involved in the project, five of them participating from the emerging countries. This project will develop skills and tools for less experienced NMIs/DIs in order to acquire the required knowledge and expertise in temperature metrology. The MetForTC Project has been addressing the accurate low uncertainty temperature measurements by thermocouple which is of crucial importance for ensuring better manage of the metrological features of the thermal instrumentation used for realizing of temperature measurements as well as to construct a comprehensive approach for the uncertainty budget assessment. Special emphases has been given on novel practical methods and technical capabilities for checking the thermocouple’s drift performance in-situ and easy-to-use thermocouple with integrated miniature cells required to determine the inhomogeneity of thermocouples for primary and secondary calibration laboratory.
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Liu, Xiaoliang, Xuedong Chen, Zhichao Fan, and Huifeng Jiang. "Preparation and Properties of Au/SnO2 Thermocouples for Material Testing Apparatus of Pressure Equipment." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93346.

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Abstract Thermocouples are the most common temperature measuring components in petrochemical, metallurgical, aerospace and other fields. However, due to the influence of working environment and its own structural characteristics, the thermocouple is highly susceptible to electromagnetic interference in the environment during its work, which seriously affects its temperature measurement accuracy. In this paper, three different shapes of Au/SnO2 thermocouples were prepared by screen printing technology, and their microstructure, thermoelectric properties and anti-electromagnetic interference were studied. The results show that the Au/SnO2 thermocouples with different shapes can crystallize well after sintering at 750 °C and above. When temperature difference is from 50 to 300 °C, thermocouples with different shapes can produce stable thermoelectric potential, and the shape has no effect on the output thermoelectric potential. The Au/SnO2 thermocouple after 850 °C sintering has the best thermoelectric performance. Au/SnO2 thermocouples can work normally in electromagnetic fields of 3 V/m or less, while standard PtRh10-Pt thermocouples can not work normally in electromagnetic field of 3 V/m. The Au/SnO2 thermocouple obtained in this study has the advantages of simple preparation method, small size, stable output thermoelectric potential and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability.
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Scervini, Michele, and Catherine Rae. "An Improved Nickel Based MIMS Thermocouple for High Temperature Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68464.

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A new Nickel based thermocouple for high temperature applications in gas turbines has been devised at the Department of Material Science and Metallurgy of the University of Cambridge. This paper describes the new features of the thermocouple, the drift tests on the first prototype and compares the behaviour of the new sensor with conventional mineral insulated metal sheathed Type K thermocouples: the new thermocouple has a significant improvement in terms of drift and temperature capabilities. Metallurgical analysis has been undertaken on selected sections of the thermocouples exposed at high temperatures which rationalises the reduced drift of the new sensor. A second prototype will be tested in follow-on research, from which further improvements in drift and temperature capabilities are expected.
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Kochan, Orest, Roman Kochan, Volodymyr Kochan, and Jun Su. "Thermocouple with adjustable error." In 2017 9th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idaacs.2017.8095178.

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Reports on the topic "Thermocouple"

1

Burns, G. W., and M. G. Scroger. The Calibration of thermocouples and thermocouple materials. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.250-35.

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Hasehemian, H. M. Determination of Installed Thermocouple Response. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada182715.

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Jeff Einerson. AGR-1 Thermocouple Data Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1042383.

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Nishino, H., W. Yang, Z. Dohnalek, V. A. Ukraintsev, and W. J. Choyke. Silicon Crystal Heating and Thermocouple Mounting Designs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada310973.

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Feie, John, and Larry Kretz. High Temperature Thermocouple Installation Methods for Hypersonic Vehicles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada488092.

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J.C. Crepeau, J.L. Rempe, J.E. Daw, D.L. Knudson: K.G. Condie, and S.C. Wilkins. Enhancements to High Temperature In-Pile Thermocouple Performance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926725.

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J. C. Crepeau, J. L. Rempe, J. E. Daw, D. L. Knudson, K. G. Condie, and S. C. Wilkins. Enhancements to High Temperature In-Pile Thermocouple Performance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/935460.

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Scroger, M. G. Assessment of uncertainties of thermocouple calibrations at NIST. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5340.

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Steele, R. J. Operability Test Procedure (OTP) for the Annulus Thermocouple Tree. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/483361.

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Kessler, S. F. ,. Westinghouse Hanford. Radioisotope inventory of T101AZ thermocouple tree from riser 13D. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/662044.

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