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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermodynamics. Air'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Osterle, J. F. "The Thermodynamics of Compressed Air Exergy Storage." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 113, no. 1 (1991): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905781.

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The Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) concept is analyzed as an exergy storage concept. A thermodynamic analysis involving the application of the first and second laws of thermodynamics to both the charge and discharge processes is made. Works, heats, cavern energy changes, cavern exergy changes, and dissipations are evaluated for two designs—one idealized and the other more practical. An appropriate effectiveness based on the exergy concept is defined and evaluated.

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2

Doney, Scott C. "Irreversible thermodynamics and air-sea exchange." Journal of Geophysical Research 100, no. C5 (1995): 8541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jc00685.

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3

Pauluis, Olivier. "Thermodynamic Consistency of the Anelastic Approximation for a Moist Atmosphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 8 (2008): 2719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2475.1.

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Abstract The primary goal of this paper is to validate the use of the anelastic approximation for fluids with a complex equation of state such as moist air or seawater. The anelastic approximation is based on a leading-order expansion of the equations of motion for a compressible fluid in terms of density. Its application to atmospheric flows has been based on a dry framework that treats phase transitions as an external energy source. However, cloudy air is more accurately described as a two-phase fluid in which condensed water and water vapor are in thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermodynamic eq

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4

Valsaraj, Kalliat T. "Trace gas adsorption thermodynamics at the air−water interface: Implications in atmospheric chemistry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 10 (2009): 1889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-07-06.

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The thermodynamics of adsorption of gaseous organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on water films is reviewed and discussed. The various experimental methods available to determine the thermodynamic equilibrium constant and the structure–activity relationships to correlate and estimate the same are reviewed. The atmospheric implications of the adsorption and oxidation of PAHs at the air–water interface of thin films of water such as existing in fog droplets, ice films, and aerosols are also enumerated.

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5

Muhmood, Luckman, Anna Semykina, Masanori Iwase, and Seshadri Seetharaman. "Some Novel Studies of Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Transport Phenomena in Slags." High Temperature Materials and Processes 31, no. 4-5 (2012): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0067.

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AbstractThe following paper revolves around the research work conducted in collaboration during Professor Iwase's brief visits to the Materials Process Science Division at Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. The paper focuses on the thermodynamic aspects of CaO–FeO–SiO2 and CaO–FeO–SiO2–MnO slag oxidation in air and sulfur transport through CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slag. Thermodynamics of slag oxidation in air opens potential new areas in terms of focus on effective recovery of iron oxide from slag. The slag transport studies are of fundamental nature and focuses on a novel technique to calculate

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6

Chen, Yun-Yu. "Influence of thermodynamic mechanism of inter- facial adsorption on purifying air-conditioning engineering under intensification of electric field." Archives of Thermodynamics 37, no. 4 (2016): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoter-2016-0030.

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AbstractAs a kind of mass transfer process as well as the basis of separating and purifying mixtures, interfacial adsorption has been widely applied to fields like chemical industry, medical industry and purification engineering in recent years. Influencing factors of interfacial adsorption, in addition to the traditional temperature, intensity of pressure, amount of substance and concentration, also include external fields, such as magnetic field, electric field and electromagnetic field, etc. Starting from the point of thermodynamics and taking the Gibbs adsorption as the model, the combinat

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7

Ng, K. C., T. Y. Bong, and H. T. Chua. "Performance Evaluation of Centrifugal Chillers in an Air-Conditioning Plant with The Building Automation System (BAS)." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 208, no. 4 (1994): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_045_02.

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A thermodynamic model with a novel method of describing the performances of centrifugal chillers for air-conditioning is presented. It is based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics which captures the overall entropy change due to non-isentropic compression and expansion of the thermodynamic cycle. The model gives the fundamental relation between the coefficient of performance (COP) and the cooling rates (Qe) for (a) the modulating and (b) the throttling actions of the inlet guide-vanes of the compressor. The usefulness and the accuracy of the model are demonstrated here by analysing

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8

Egolf, P. W., B. Frei, and R. Furter. "Thermodynamics of moist air: contribution to error estimates." Applied Thermal Engineering 20, no. 1 (2000): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(99)00008-3.

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9

Farhadi, Somayeh, Sergio Machaca, Justin Aird, et al. "Dynamics and thermodynamics of air-driven active spinners." Soft Matter 14, no. 27 (2018): 5588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00403j.

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10

Rafidi, Nabil, Wlodzimierz Blasiak, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "High-Temperature Air Combustion Phenomena and Its Thermodynamics." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 130, no. 2 (2008): 023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795757.

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11

Bisio, Giacomo, Alessandro Bosio, and Giuseppe Rubatto. "Thermodynamics applied to oxygen enrichment of combustion air." Energy Conversion and Management 43, no. 18 (2002): 2589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(01)00194-7.

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12

Pajarre, Risto, and Pertti Koukkari. "Thermodynamics of adsorption at the aqueous–air interface." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 337, no. 1 (2009): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.023.

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13

Wang, Lei, Chonghong Zhan, Jianli Zhang, and Xudong Zhao. "The energy and exergy analysis of counter-flow regenerative evaporative cooler." Thermal Science 23, no. 6 Part A (2019): 3615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180602304w.

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Recently the regenerative evaporative cooler (REC) has drawn great attention from researchers because it can cool the intake air below the wet-bulb temperature and approaching its dew point temperature. For further understanding of the heat and mass transfer occurred in a counter-flow REC, a novel mathematical model is developed based on the law of energy conservation and the principle of the thermodynamic theory. The proposed mathematical model is validated against experimental data from literature. The parametric study is performed to investigate the performance of the REC under different op

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14

Feistel, R., D. G. Wright, D. R. Jackett, et al. "Numerical implementation and oceanographic application of the thermodynamic potentials of liquid water, water vapour, ice, seawater and humid air – Part 1: Background and equations." Ocean Science 6, no. 3 (2010): 633–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-6-633-2010.

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Abstract. A new seawater standard referred to as the International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10) was adopted in June 2009 by UNESCO/IOC on its 25th General Assembly in Paris, as recommended by the SCOR/IAPSO Working Group 127 (WG127) on Thermodynamics and Equation of State of Seawater. To support the adoption process, WG127 has developed a comprehensive source code library for the thermodynamic properties of liquid water, water vapour, ice, seawater and humid air, referred to as the Sea-Ice-Air (SIA) library. Here we present the background information and equations required

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15

Feistel, R., D. G. Wright, D. R. Jackett, et al. "Numerical implementation and oceanographic application of the thermodynamic potentials of water, vapour, ice, seawater and air – Part 1: Background and equations." Ocean Science Discussions 7, no. 2 (2010): 521–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-7-521-2010.

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Abstract. A new seawater standard referred to as the International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10) was adopted in June 2009 by UNESCO/IOC on its 25th General Assembly in Paris, as recommended by the SCOR/IAPSO Working Group 127 (WG127) on Thermodynamics and Equation of State of Seawater. To support the adoption process, WG127 has developed a comprehensive source code library for the thermodynamic properties of liquid water, water vapour, ice, seawater and humid air, referred to as the Sea-Ice-Air (SIA) library. Here we present the background information and equations required

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16

Belevtsev, R., V. Blazhko, O. Vysotenko, et al. "THERMODYNAMICS OF TOXIC AUTOMOTIVE EMISSIONS IN CITY AIR AND AIR PURIFICATION BY PLANTS." Collected scientific papers Institute of environmental geochemistry 28 (2018): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/znp2018.28.066.

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17

Naaktgeboren, Christian. "An air-standard finite-time heat addition Otto engine model." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 45, no. 2 (2017): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306419016689447.

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A classical thermodynamic model for spark-ignited internal combustion engine simulation in which the heat addition process that takes a finite amount of time to complete is presented along with an illustrative parameter sensibility case study. The model accounts for all air-standard Otto cycle parameters, as well as crank-connecting rod mechanism, ignition timing, engine operating speed, and cumulative heat release history parameters. The model is particularly suitable for engineering undergraduate education, as it preserves most of the air-standard assumptions, while being able to reproduce r

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18

Lackner, Klaus S. "The thermodynamics of direct air capture of carbon dioxide." Energy 50 (February 2013): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.012.

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19

Kleidon, A., and M. Renner. "Thermodynamic limits of hydrologic cycling within the Earth system: concepts, estimates and implications." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 7 (2013): 2873–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2873-2013.

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Abstract. The hydrologic cycle results from the combination of energy conversions and atmospheric transport, and the laws of thermodynamics set limits to both. Here, we apply thermodynamics to derive the limits of the strength of hydrologic cycling within the Earth system and about the properties and processes that shape these limits. We set up simple models to derive analytical expressions of the limits of evaporation and precipitation in relation to vertical and horizontal differences in solar radiative forcing. These limits result from a fundamental trade-off by which a greater evaporation

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20

Kleidon, A., and M. Renner. "Thermodynamic limits of hydrologic cycling within the Earth system: concepts, estimates and implications." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 3 (2013): 3187–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-3187-2013.

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Abstract. The hydrologic cycle results from the combination of energy conversions and atmospheric transport, and the laws of thermodynamics set limits to both. Here, we apply thermodynamics to derive the limits of the strength of hydrologic cycling within the Earth system and the properties and processes that shape these limits. We set up simple models to derive analytical expressions of the limits of evaporation and precipitation in relation to vertical and horizontal differences in solar radiative forcing. These limits result from a fundamental trade-off by which a greater evaporation rate r

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21

Makarieva, A. M., V. G. Gorshkov, and B. L. Li. "On the validity of representing hurricanes as Carnot heat engine." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 5 (2008): 17423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-17423-2008.

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Abstract. It is argued, on the basis of detailed critique of published literature, that the existing thermodynamic theory of hurricanes, where it is assumed that the hurricane power is formed due to heat input from the ocean, is not physically consistent, as it comes in conflict with the first and second laws of thermodynamics. A quantitative perspective of describing hurricane energetics as that of an adiabatic atmospheric process occurring at the expense of condensation of water vapor that creates drop of local air pressure, is outlined.

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22

Kelly, Kathryn A., R. Justin Small, R. M. Samelson, et al. "Western Boundary Currents and Frontal Air–Sea Interaction: Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension." Journal of Climate 23, no. 21 (2010): 5644–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3346.1.

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Abstract In the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude western boundary current (WBC) systems there is a complex interaction between dynamics and thermodynamics and between atmosphere and ocean. Their potential contribution to the climate system motivated major parallel field programs in both the North Pacific [Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS)] and the North Atlantic [Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Mode Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE)], and preliminary observations and analyses from these programs highlight that complexity. The Gulf Stream (GS) in the North Atlantic and the

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23

Chen, Chon, Rong Rong Hu, and Lan Huang. "Study on Characteristics of Cylindrical Air Spring." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1992–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1992.

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Based on the theory of fluid dynamics and principle of thermodynamics, the characteristic of the stiffness, natural frequency and damping of cylindrical air spring are deduced. Moreover, simulation model for dynamic characteristic of air spring is established under the environment. The simulation results show the characteristics of cylindrical air spring is superior and the isolation effect is good.

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24

Paillusson, Fabien. "On the Logic of a Prior Based Statistical Mechanics of Polydisperse Systems: The Case of Binary Mixtures." Entropy 21, no. 6 (2019): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21060599.

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Most undergraduate students who have followed a thermodynamics course would have been asked to evaluate the volume occupied by one mole of air under standard conditions of pressure and temperature. However, what is this task exactly referring to? If air is to be regarded as a mixture, under what circumstances can this mixture be considered as comprising only one component called “air” in classical statistical mechanics? Furthermore, following the paradigmatic Gibbs’ mixing thought experiment, if one mixes air from a container with air from another container, all other things being equal, shoul

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25

Dos Santos, R. G., P. R. De Faria, J. J. C. S. Santos, J. A. M. Da Silva, and J. L. M. Donatelli. "THE EFFECT OF THE THERMODYNAMIC MODELS ON THE THERMOECONOMIC RESULTS FOR COST ALLOCATION IN A GAS TURBINE COGENERATION SYSTEM." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 14, no. 2 (2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v14i2.62133.

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The thermoeconomics combines economics and thermodynamics to provide information not available from conventional energy and economic analysis. For thermoeconomics modeling one of the keys points is the thermodynamic model that should be adopted. Different thermodynamic models can be used in the modeling of a gas turbine system depending on the accuracy required. A detailed study of the performance of gas turbine would take into account many features. These would include the combustion process, the change of composition of working fluid during combustion, the effects of irreversibilities associ

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26

Shoul, Hamed, Mehran Ameri, and S. M. Hojjat Mohammadi. "Thermodynamic Investigation of Integrated Air Cycle Refrigeration Systems." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 02 (2017): 1750016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251750016x.

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An analysis of air cycle refrigeration (ACR) systems based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics has been carried out. Cooling the gas cooler outlet enhances the system efficiency, hence the use of integrated refrigeration systems (IRSs). The IRS consists of an ACR, an absorption chiller and a prime mover. The waste heat from the prime mover operates the absorption chiller, which provides additional cooling that is used to cool down the air exiting the gas cooler. LiBr-H2O and NH3-H2O are used as fluid pairs in absorption section. The prime mover can either be gas turbine or solid oxi

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27

Hazeleger, Hendrik. "SYSTEM THAT INTERFERES WITH THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (2021): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12513.

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The first law of thermodynamics, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that work cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. Here-in presented is a system, tested and with calculations that interferes with the first law of thermodynamics. The proposed and tested system shows that it takes less work to pump air underwater than the work that is produced by the quantity of water lifted above the water level with that underwater air pressure that lifts the system, in addition to the work that accumulated in the air stored underwater. Unfortunately it is however it is not po

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28

Aliu, Sufianu Adeiza, and Promise Ijeoma Ochornma. "Comparative Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Thermal Power Plant With/Without Retrofitted Inlet Air Cooler: A Case Study." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 6 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.6.757.

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The result of this study shows the performance of Ihovbor Gas Power Plant in Benin, Edo State Nigeria using first and second law of thermodynamics. Analysing the efficiency of the plant using first law of thermodynamics showed that with increase in inlet air temperature, the energy conversion efficiency of the plant reduces. The exergy efficiency of the plant also confirmed that increase in inlet air temperature results in decrease of the exergetic efficiency of the plant. Analysis of each of the components showed the greatest destruction of exergy was in the combustion chamber while the least

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29

Michaud, Louis, and Brian Monrad. "Energy from Convective Vortices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 283 (January 2013): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.283.73.

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An atmospheric vortex engine (AVE) uses an artificially created tornado like vortex to capture the mechanical energy produced during upward heat convection. The vortex is created by admitting warm or humid air tangentially into a circular arena with an open top. The heat source can be solar energy, warm sea water, warm humid air or waste heat. The AVE has the same thermodynamic basis as the solar chimney except that the physical chimney is replaced by centrifugal force in a vortex. The energy is produced in peripheral turbo-generators. The AVE has a large clean and sustainable energy productio

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30

Hornack, Frederick M. "Thermodynamics of Air: Reinterpreting the Method of Clement and Desormes." Journal of Chemical Education 73, no. 10 (1996): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed073p965.

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31

Schmidt, Marvin, Susanne-Marie Kirsch, Stefan Seelecke, and Andreas Schütze. "Elastocaloric cooling: From fundamental thermodynamics to solid state air conditioning." Science and Technology for the Built Environment 22, no. 5 (2016): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2016.1186423.

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32

Stern, Abraham C., Marcel D. Baer, Christopher J. Mundy, and Douglas J. Tobias. "Thermodynamics of iodide adsorption at the instantaneous air-water interface." Journal of Chemical Physics 138, no. 11 (2013): 114709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794688.

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33

Young, J. B., and R. C. Wilcock. "Modeling the Air-Cooled Gas Turbine: Part 1—General Thermodynamics." Journal of Turbomachinery 124, no. 2 (2002): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1415037.

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This paper is Part I of a study concerned with developing a formal framework for modeling air-cooled gas turbine cycles and deals with basic thermodynamic issues. Such cycles involve gas mixtures with varying composition which must be modeled realistically. A possible approach is to define just two components, air and gas, the latter being the products of stoichiometric combustion of the fuel with air. If these components can be represented as ideal gases, the entropy increase due to compositional mixing, although a true exergy loss, can be ignored for the purpose of performance prediction. Th

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34

Sun, Y. J., J. F. Wang, R. H. Zhang, R. R. Gillies, Y. Xue, and Y. C. Bo. "Air temperature retrieval from remote sensing data based on thermodynamics." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 80, no. 1 (2004): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0079-y.

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35

Nguyen, Cuong M., and John F. Scamehorn. "Thermodynamics of mixed monolayer formation at the air—water interface." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 123, no. 1 (1988): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(88)90240-8.

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36

El-Masri, M. A. "On Thermodynamics of Gas-Turbine Cycles: Part 3—Thermodynamic Potential and Limitations of Cooled Reheat-Gas-Turbine Combined Cycles." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 1 (1986): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239864.

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Reheat gas turbines have fundamental thermodynamic advantages in combined cycles. However, a larger proportion of the turbine expansion path is exposed to elevated temperatures, leading to increased cooling losses. Identifying cooling technologies which minimize those losses is crucial to realizing the full potential of reheat cycles. The strong role played by cooling losses in reheat cycles necessitates their inclusion in cycle optimization. To this end, the models for the thermodynamics of combined cycles and cooled turbines presented in Parts 1 and 2 of this paper have been extended where n

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37

Arango-Reyes, Karen, Marco Barranco-Jiménez, Gonzalo Ares de Parga-Álvarez, and Fernando Angulo-Brown. "A Simple Thermodynamic Model of the Internal Convective Zone of the Earth." Entropy 20, no. 12 (2018): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120985.

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As it is well known both atmospheric and mantle convection are very complex phenomena. The dynamical description of these processes is a very difficult task involving complicated 2-D or 3-D mathematical models. However, a first approximation to these phenomena can be by means of simplified thermodynamic models where the restriction imposed by the laws of thermodynamics play an important role. An example of this approach is the model proposed by Gordon and Zarmi in 1989 to emulate the convective cells of the atmospheric air by using finite-time thermodynamics (FTT). In the present article we us

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38

Ahmed, Reem, Chandra M. Sinnathambi, Usama Eldmerdash, and Duvvuri Subbarao. "Thermodynamics Analysis of Refinery Sludge Gasification in Adiabatic Updraft Gasifier." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/758137.

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Limited information is available about the thermodynamic evaluation for biomass gasification process using updraft gasifier. Therefore, to minimize errors, the gasification of dry refinery sludge (DRS) is carried out in adiabatic system at atmospheric pressure under ambient air conditions. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the physical and chemical energy and exergy of product gas at different equivalent ratios (ER). It will also be used to determine whether the cold gas, exergy, and energy efficiencies of gases may be maximized by using secondary air injected to gasification zon

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39

Vitázek, I., and J. Havelka. "I-x-w diagram of wet air and wheat grain." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, Special Issue (2013): S49—S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/53/2012-rae.

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The authors have been working for 50 years in the research and development of drying in agriculture. In the way of drying applied, warmed air is used as the drying medium. The thermodynamics of wet air is used for the analysis of these processes of drying in the calculations and in graphic demonstrations applying an i-x diagram of wet air. This diagram does not include any information about the state of the dried material. The authors therefore enlarged this i-x diagram with the equilibrium moisture contents of the dried material. In their work, the authors present a method using this enlarged

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40

Sun, Jielun. "Incorporating the Work Done by Vertical Density Fluxes in Both Kinetic and Thermal Energy Conservation Equations to Satisfy Total Energy Conservation." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58, no. 2 (2019): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-17-0350.1.

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AbstractConservation of total, kinetic, and thermal energy in the atmosphere is revisited, and the derived thermal energy balance is examined with observations. Total energy conservation (TEC) provides a constraint for the sum of kinetic, thermal, and potential energy changes. In response to air thermal expansion/compression, air density variation leads to vertical density fluxes and potential energy changes, which in turn impact the thermal energy balance as well as the kinetic energy balance due to the constraint of TEC. As vertical density fluxes can propagate through a large vertical domai

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41

Ou, Yi Hong, Xing Sheng Jiang, Hai Bing Qian, Dong Wang, Jian Jun Liang, and Yang Du. "The Model of Thermal Ignition of Gasoline-Air Mixture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.43.

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The purpose of this paper is to find a efficient model to simulate the thermal ignition of gasoline-air mixture. First, Detailed chemical reaction model of gasoline-air mixture thermal ignition is discussed. that is, chemical reaction chains of controlling of thermal ignition are got according to the characteristic of gasoline-air mixture; through sensitivity analysis of temperature and species concentration, reaction equations are selected within a certain temperature range; based on the relation between chemical reaction rate of species and thermodynamic parameters, both the rate of species

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42

Mayorga, Luis S., María José López, and Wayne M. Becker. "Molecular Thermodynamics for Cell Biology as Taught with Boxes." CBE—Life Sciences Education 11, no. 1 (2012): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.11-07-0053.

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Thermodynamic principles are basic to an understanding of the complex fluxes of energy and information required to keep cells alive. These microscopic machines are nonequilibrium systems at the micron scale that are maintained in pseudo-steady-state conditions by very sophisticated processes. Therefore, several nonstandard concepts need to be taught to rationalize why these very ordered systems proliferate actively all over our planet in seeming contradiction to the second law of thermodynamics. We propose a model consisting of boxes with different shapes that contain small balls that are in c

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43

Cheng, Bin, and Timo Vihma. "Idealized study of a 2-D coupled sea-ice/atmosphere model during warm-air advection." Journal of Glaciology 48, no. 162 (2002): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756502781831313.

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AbstractWe present a two-dimensional, coupled, mesoscale atmosphere–sea-ice model, and apply it to simulate the air–ice interaction during warm-air advection. The model was run into a steady state under various conditions with respect to the season, cloud cover and wind speed. The spatial and temporal evolution of the thermodynamics of the ice, snow and the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) were investigated. The development of the stably stratified ABL downwind of the ice edge depended above all on the wind speed and cloud cover. If the turbulent heat flux from air to snow was large enough to

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44

Akpinar, E. K., A. Midilli, and Y. Bicer. "Thermodynamic analysis of the apple drying process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 219, no. 1 (2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440805x6991.

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This paper is concerned with thermodynamic analysis of the process of single-layer drying of apple slices by means of a cyclone-type dryer. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy analysis was performed to estimate the ratios of energy utilization throughout the drying process. Exergy analysis was carried out to determine exergy losses during the drying process by applying the second law of thermodynamics. It was concluded that the exergy losses increased with increasing energy utilization in both trays and the drying chamber. Values of the energy utilization ratio (EUR) of the drying ch

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Voloshchuk, Volodymyr, and Mariya Polishchuk. "EXERGY-BASED CONTROL STRATEGY IN A DWELLING VENTILATION SYSTEM WITH HEAT RECOVERY." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 10, no. 2 (2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.933.

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The paper presents energy and exergy analysis of a typical dwelling ventilation system with heat recovery for Ukrainian climatic conditions using a quasi-steady state approach over 24-hour time-steps. Evaluation of such systems on the base of the first law of thermodynamics demonstrates that heat recovery is beneficial for the whole variety of operational modes. Such methodology identifies as a thermodynamic inefficiency only energy losses to the surroundings with the exhaust air. The exergy-based analysis can detect additional inefficiencies due to irreversibilities within the components of t

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Markovic, M. Z., K. L. Hayden, J. G. Murphy, et al. "The effect of meteorological and chemical factors on the agreement between observations and predictions of fine aerosol composition in Southwestern Ontario during BAQS-Met." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 10 (2010): 24781–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-24781-2010.

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Abstract. The Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study (BAQS-Met) was an intensive, collaborative field campaign during the summer of 2007 that investigated the effects of transboundary pollution, local pollution, and local meteorology on regional air quality in Southwestern Ontario. This analysis focuses on the measurements of the inorganic constituents of particulate matter with diameter of less than 1 μm (PM1), with a specific emphasis on nitrate. We evaluate the ability of AURAMS, the Environment Canada's chemical transport model, to represent regional air pollution in SW Ontario by compar

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47

Markovic, M. Z., K. L. Hayden, J. G. Murphy, et al. "The effect of meteorological and chemical factors on the agreement between observations and predictions of fine aerosol composition in southwestern Ontario during BAQS-Met." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 7 (2011): 3195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3195-2011.

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Abstract. The Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study (BAQS-Met) was an intensive, collaborative field campaign during the summer of 2007 that investigated the effects of transboundary pollution, local pollution, and local meteorology on air quality in southwestern Ontario. This analysis focuses on the measurements of the inorganic constituents of particulate matter with diameter of less than 1 μm (PM1), with a specific emphasis on nitrate. We evaluate the ability of AURAMS, Environment Canada's chemical transport model, to represent regional air pollution in SW Ontario by comparing modelled

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Gyul’maliev, A. M., S. G. Gagarin, and M. Ya Shpirt. "Calculation on the thermodynamics of air-steam gasification of coal macerals." Solid Fuel Chemistry 43, no. 3 (2009): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0361521909030070.

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Arora, Gaurav, and Stanley I. Sandler. "Air separation by single wall carbon nanotubes: Thermodynamics and adsorptive selectivity." Journal of Chemical Physics 123, no. 4 (2005): 044705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1949172.

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Ng, Kim Choon, Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, Muhammad Burhan, and Seung Jin Oh. "Approaches to Energy Efficiency in Air conditioning: Innovative processes and thermodynamics." Energy Procedia 158 (February 2019): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.349.

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