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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thermodynamics'

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1

Popovic, Marko. "Application of the Entropy Concept to Thermodynamics and Life Sciences: Evolution Parallels Thermodynamics, Cellulose Hydrolysis Thermodynamics, and Ordered and Disordered Vacancies Thermodynamics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6996.

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Entropy, first introduced in thermodynamics, is used in a wide range of fields. Chapter 1 discusses some important theoretical and practical aspects of entropy: what is entropy, is it subjective or objective, and how to properly apply it to living organisms. Chapter 2 presents applications of entropy to evolution. Chapter 3 shows how cellulosic biofuel production can be improved. Chapter 4 shows how lattice vacancies influence the thermodynamic properties of materials. To determine the nature of thermodynamic entropy, Chapters 1 and 2 describe the roots, the conceptual history of entropy, as w
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2

De, Lucca Brenno Jason Sanzio Peter. "Linear irreversible thermodynamics." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20975/.

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In questa tesi tratteremo il problema di costruire una teoria termodinamica per trasformazioni su un sistema passante per stati di non-equilibrio. Cercando di generalizzare a sistemi che non sono all’equilibrio, rilasseremo la richiesta che siano in equilibrio globalmente. Lo stato termodinamico sarà univocamente determinato da un insieme di parametri termodinamici definiti localmente, della stessa natura e significato fisico dei parametri usati nella termodinamica classica. Le molteplici assunzioni necessarie al fine di avere una teoria mesoscopica comunque predittiva verranno giustificate a
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3

Langbein, Rollo Foster. "Thermodynamics and inflation." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5622/.

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The standard model of particle physics is introduced, and extensions of it, which may be of cosmological relevance, are considered. The inflationary paradigm is reviewed as an extension of the standard cosmological model. In particular, the natural inflation mechanism resulting from a thermal phase change in a field theory with a spontaneous symmetry breaking potential, is examined. The question of when thermal equilibrium is likely to be a valid assumption in the early universe is considered in some detail. For inflation models, this question is answered by a self-consistency argument involvi
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4

Matschei, Thomas. "Thermodynamics of cement hydration." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://library.eawag-empa.ch/empa_publications_2007_open_access/EMPA20070485.pdf.

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5

Perarnau, Llobet Martí. "Thermodynamics and quantum correlations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404732.

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Thermodynamics traditionally deals with macroscopic systems at thermal equilibrium. However, since the very beginning of the theory, its range of applicability has only increased, nowadays being applied to virtually every field of science, and to systems of extremely different size. This thesis is devoted to the study of thermodynamics in the quantum regime. It contains original results on topics that include: Work extraction from quantum systems, fluctuations of work, the energetic value of correlations and entanglement, and the thermodynamics of closed quantum many body systems. First,
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6

Bakk, Audun. "Statistical Thermodynamics of Proteins." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-494.

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<p>The subject of this thesis is to formulate effective energy expressions (Hamiltonians) of proteins and protein related systems. By use of equilibrium statistical mechanics we calculate thermodynamical functions, whereupon we compare the results from theory with experimental data. Papers 1-7 and 10-12 concern this problem. In addition, Paper 8 (P8) and Paper 9 (P9) are attached. Both these papers were finalized during the Ph.D. study. However, they are not related to proteins. </p><br>Papers II, III, V, VII, VIII, XI and XII are reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, sciencedirect.com P
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7

Erickson, Kristy M., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Thermodynamics of aqueous solutions." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/529.

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Relative densities and relative massic heat capacities have been measured for aqueous solutions of triflic acid (CF3SO3H), sodium triflate (NaCF3SO3), gadolinium triflate (Gd(CF3SO3)3), dysprosium triflate (Dy(CF3SO3)3), neodymium triflate (Nd(CF3SO3)3), erbium triflate (Er(CF3SO3)3), ytterbium triflate (Yb(CF3SO3)3), and yttrium triflate (Y(CF3SO3)3) at T = (288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p = 0.1 MPa. The resulting densities and massic heat capacities have been used to calculate out apparent molar volume and apparent molar heat capacity data for each of the investigated aqueous sys
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8

Manda, Dimitra. "Thermodynamics of polymer blends." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300415.

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9

Guedens, Raf Maurice Elvire. "Thermodynamics of gravitating systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619992.

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10

Weiguo, Shen. "Thermodynamics of alkane solutions." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7727.

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An apparatus for static vapour pressure measurements on pure liquids and on binary and ternary mixtures containing one involatile component has been designed and constructed. The apparatus and corresponding experimental techniques have been tested and experimental errors have been discussed. Measurements have been made of the vapour pressures of binary mixtures of n-hexane + n-hexadecane at 298.15 K and 303.15 K and of binary mixtures of n-hexane + n-octane, n-octane + n-hexadecane, and ternary mixtures of n-hexane + n-octane + n-hexadecane at 298.15 K. The experimental measurements of press
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11

MacDonald, Robin John. "Thermodynamics of polymer mixtures." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6096/.

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Research into the thermodynamic behaviour of copolymer blends has been stimulated by the increasing number of applications in which these materials can be used. In this work, it was intended to characterise the thermodynamics of mixtures of two industrial copolymers and to review the experimental techniques and theoretical analyses currently used in this field. The copolymers used were poly(ethylene - co-vinyl acetate), with Mn = 3290, and poly(tetradecyl fumarate - co - vinyl acetate), with Mn = 10400. The thermodynamics of these mixtures was studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, I
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12

Driver, Gordon William. "Thermodynamics of ionic liquids." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479423.

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13

Peppin, Stephen Stuart Lyman. "Thermodynamics of multiphase systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614891.

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14

Mascie-Taylor, Jonathan Hugo. "The thermodynamics of risk." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66910/.

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It is now routine to consider the full probability distribution of downturns in many sectors. In the financial services sector regulators (both internal and external) require corporations not only to measure their risk, but also to hold a sufficient amount of capital to cover potential losses given that risk. Another example is in emergency service vehicle routing, where one needs to be able to reliably get to a destination within a fixed limit of time, rather than taking a route which may have a shorter expected travel time but could, under certain travel conditions, take significantly longer
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15

Lopez-Monsalvo, Cesar Simon. "Covariant thermodynamics & relativity." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/197299/.

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This thesis deals with the dynamics of irreversible processes within the context of the general theory of relativity. In particular, we address the problem of the `infinite' speed of propagation of thermal disturbances in a dissipative fluid. Although this problem is not new, its best known solution - the Israel and Stewart second order expansion - has an effective, rather than fundamental, character. The present work builds on the multi-fluid variational approach to relativistic dissipation, pioneered by Carter, and provides a dynamical theory of heat conduction. The novel property of such ap
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16

Khadse, Anil N. "Thermodynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions." Thesis, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71547.

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Polymers having many ionizable groups in their molecular structure are called Polyelectrolytes. They are extensively used in industries like papermaking, food processing, medicine and pharmaceuticals, water purification, oil field exploration, cosmetic formulation etc. In spite of wide applicability its current status of knowledge is precursory due complexity of their behavior in solution as well as at interface. Solution properties of polyelectrolytes are extensively studied in last 40 years to understand their behavior. The activity is important thermodynamic property. From activity we can g
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17

Steele-MacInnis, Matthew. "Thermodynamics of geologic fluids." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/22026.

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Fluids play a vital role in essentially all geologic environments and processes, and are the principal media of heat and mass transfer in the Earth. The properties of geologic fluids can be diverse, as fluids occur at conditions ranging from ambient temperatures and pressures at Earth's surface, to extreme temperatures and pressures in Earth's deep interior. Regardless the wide ranges of conditions at which geologic fluids occur, fluid properties are described and governed by the same fundamental thermodynamic relationships. Thus, application of thermodynamic principles and methods allows us t
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18

Solis, Jose S. "Thermodynamics of cyanide complexes." Thesis, Solis, Jose S. (1995) Thermodynamics of cyanide complexes. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1995. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52731/.

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The work described in this thesis was to study the thermodynamics of the binding of cyanide to metal ions of relevance to the hydrometallurgical processing of gold. In particular, to produce reliable and accurate thermodynamic data needed to develop reliable chemical speciation models for the gold-refining industry, especially with regard to the high saline conditions of many Australian operations. The stability constants of binary and ternary Cu(I) systems were studied using potentiometric glass electrode titration and evaluation of results by the ESTA suite of computer programs. In parti
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19

Marais, Charles Guillaume. "Thermodynamics and kinetics of sorption /." Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1944.

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20

Squadrani, Lorenzo. "Deep neural networks and thermodynamics." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Deep learning is the most effective and used approach to artificial intelligence, and yet it is far from being properly understood. The understanding of it is the way to go to further improve its effectiveness and in the best case to gain some understanding of the "natural" intelligence. We attempt a step in this direction with the aim of physics. We describe a convolutional neural network for image classification (trained on CIFAR-10) within the descriptive framework of Thermodynamics. In particular we define and study the temperature of each component of the network. Our results provides a n
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21

Schwarz, Thomas M. "Thermodynamics of the chiral condensate." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967122120.

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22

Lee, Se Il. "Statistical thermodynamics of virus assembly." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33900.

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Experiments show that MgSO4 salt has a non-monotonic effect as a function of MgSO4 concentration on the ejection of DNA from bacteriophage lambda. There is a concentration, N0, at which the minimum amount of DNA is ejected. At lower or higher concentrations, more DNA is ejected. We propose that this non-monotonic behavior is due to the overcharging of DNA at high concentration of Mg⁺² counterions. As the Mg⁺² concentration increases from zero, the net charge of ejected DNA changes its sign from negative to positive. N0 corresponds to the concentration at which DNA is neutral. Our theory fits
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23

Peppin, Stephen Stuart Lyman. "Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of concentration polarization." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/MQ47081.pdf.

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24

Michel, Mathias. "Nonequilibrium aspects of quantum thermodynamics." Stuttgart M. Michel, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-28031.

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25

Willman, Bert. "Continuous thermodynamics of fluid mixtures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20176.

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26

Haghtalab, Ali. "Thermodynamics of aqueous electrolyte solutions." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74540.

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The focus of this work is the thermodynamics of aqueous solutions of strong electrolytes for both binary and multicomponent systems.<br>A new excess Gibbs energy function to represent the deviations from ideality of binary electrolyte solutions was derived. The function consists of two contributions, one due to long-range forces, represented by the Debye-Huckel theory, and the other due to short-range forces represented by the local composition concept. The model is valid for the whole range of electrolyte concentrations, from dilute solutions up to saturation. The model consistently produces
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27

Pollard, David Michael. "Some problems in statistical thermodynamics." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295938.

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28

Avlonitis, Dimitrios Anastassios. "Thermodynamics of gas hydrate equilibria." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/803.

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Reservoir fluids are usually saturated with water at reservoir conditions and may form gas hydrates in transfer lines, which potentially may plug the system. For long subsea pipelines, methanol injection is the practical means for preventing hydrate formation and for decomposing blockages. For efficient and economical pipeline design and operation, phase boundaries, phase fractions and distribution of water and methanol among the equilibrium phases of the system must be accurately known. The system comprising reservoir fluids, water and methanol demonstrates a complex multiphase behaviour and
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29

Appels, Michael John. "Thermodynamics of accelerating black holes." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12737/.

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We address a long-standing problem of describing the thermodynamics of an accelerating black hole. We derive a standard first law of black hole thermo- dynamics, with the usual identification of entropy proportional to the area of the event horizon — even though the event horizon contains a conical singularity. We show how to generalise this result, formulating thermodynamics for black holes with varying conical deficits. We derive a new potential for the varying tension defects: the thermodynamic length, both for accelerating and static black holes. We discuss possible physical processes in w
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Marais, Charl Guillaume. "Thermodynamics and kinetics of sorption." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1810.

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31

Korzekwa, Kamil. "Coherence, thermodynamics and uncertainty relations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/43343.

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The principle of superposition is one of the main building blocks of quantum physics and has tremendous consequences both for our fundamental understanding of nature and for technological applications. In particular, the existence of coherent superposition leads to the concept of unavoidable quantum uncertainty. The role played by this "coherent" uncertainty within thermodynamics, as well as its relationship to classical lack of knowledge, is the main subject of this thesis. In Part I we study thermodynamic limitations of processing quantum coherence within a resource-theoretic framework. Usin
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32

Soltanpour, Morteza [Verfasser]. "Thermodynamics of Neurotransmission / Morteza Soltanpour." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236994256/34.

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33

Silva, Ralph Francisco. "Entanglement, nonlocality, postselection and thermodynamics." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.686187.

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In this second part of the thesis, we turn to the study of thermodynamics at the quantum scale, with a special focus on small thermal machines. To begin with, in Chapter 4, we look at the concept of a virtual temperature, as introduced in [43]. This is a temperature calculated for any pair of energy levels in a diagonal state by matching the ratio of its populations to the Gibbs state. The small quantum fridge introduced in Chapter 5, as well as all of the other small quantum thermal machines may be understood in terms of the virtual temperatures that they are able to generate within a system.
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34

Gemmer, Jochen. "A quantum approach to thermodynamics." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10447209.

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35

Fontana, Weslei Bernardino. "S-AdS Black Hole Thermodynamics." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2018. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000217827.

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Durante os últimos 50 anos, a pesquisa acerca da teoria de buracos negros em relatividade geral trouxe luz para a existência de uma forte relação entre gravitação, termodinâmica e teoria de campos. Uma das partes mais importantes dessa conexão entre as teorias é a termodinâmica de buracos negros, que nos diz que algumas das leis que regem a mecânica de buracos negros são simplesmente as leis usuais da termodinâmica aplicada à um sistema com um buraco negro. O intuito deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão sobre o que se conhece atualmente acerca do assunto. Em especial, aplicado à teoria de buraco
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36

Ghosh, Sourav. "Thermodynamics of Margulis Space Time." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112137/document.

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Dans ma thèse, je décris les feuilles stables et instables pour le flot géodésique sur l’espace des géodésiques non-errant de type espace d’un espace-temps de Margulis et je démontre des propriétés de contraction des feuilles sous le flot. Je montre aussi que la monodromie d’un espace-temps de Margulis est une représentation Anosov dans un groupe de Lie non semisimple. En outre, je montre que les applications limites et reparamétrisation varient analytiquement. Enfin, à l’aide de la propriété métrique Anosov, nous définissons la métrique de pression sur l’espace modulaire des espaces-temps de
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37

CARRISI, MARIA CRISTINA. "New results in extended thermodynamics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/265973.

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The subject of this thesis lays in the context of Extended Thermodynamics. The classical methodology to solve the system of balance equations, in E.T., leads to difficult calculations. Recently a new methodology has been proposed to overcome these difficulties and to have more elegant equations, easier to solve. During my PhD, I worked in the direction of proving that the new methodology can be applied to the many moments case, to materials different from ideal gases and also in the relativistic case and not only in the classical one; furthermore I have been able to find the exact solutions
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38

DeSimone, Anthony Joseph Jr Gilmore Robert. "Symmetries and relaxations in non-equilibrium thermodynamics /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/483.

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Aschwanden, Andreas. "Mechanics and thermodynamics of polythermal glaciers /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17874.

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Matthews, Jermey N. A. "Thermodynamics and relaxation during actin polymerization." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2346.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Chemical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Voldsund, Mari. "Modelling distillation with non-equilibrium thermodynamics." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-6864.

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42

Karatrantos, Argyrios. "Structure and thermodynamics of polyelectrolyte solutions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525184.

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43

Chattopadhyay, Subrata. "Thermodynamics of hydrogen in electroslag remelting." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27041.

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Oxide ion activities in binary CaF₂ - CaO and ternary, CaF₂ -CaO - Al₂O₃ and CaF₂ - CaO -SiO₂, slags were determined by CO₂-slag equilibrium experiments at 1400°C. The carbonate capacity of these slags was computed and compared with the sulfide1 capacity data available in the literature. The similarity in their trends suggests the possibility of characterizing carbonate capacity as an alternative basicity index for fluoride-based slags. The optical basicity of these slags is difficult to define, and with the assumption of CaF₂ as an inert diluent, this parameter did not show any disti
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44

Andrieux, David. "Nonequilibrium statistical thermodynamics at the nanoscale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210532.

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Motivés par les développements récents dans le domaine des nanosciences, nous étudions les propriétés statistiques et thermodynamiques des systèmes mésoscopiques. En particulier, nous nous concentrons sur les résultats connus sous le nom de théorèmes de fluctuation. Ces relations donnent des prédictions sur le comportement de différents quantités dynamiques dans des situations loin de l'équilibre, tout en tenant compte des fluctuations de l'évolution temporelle.<p><p>\<br>Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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45

Cerrito, Stefano. "Thermodynamics of the BCS-BEC crossover." kostenfrei, 2007. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/623023/document.pdf.

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Alberti, Mathias V. "Thermodynamics of the Henon-Heiles oscillators." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13056.

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47

Firoozi, Sadegh. "Thermodynamics and mechanisms of lead softening." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100362.

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Visualization and quantitative oxidation kinetic experiments on 100 g samples of Pb-As at 600°C; thermal analysis and phase-equilibrium measurements of Pb-PbO-As2O3 samples under argon over the temperature range of 420°C to 875°C; computational thermodynamic solution modeling; and phase diagram and equilibrium calculations using FACTSage(TM) were performed to elaborate the poorly documented thermodynamics of the slags in the lead softening stage in the pyrometallurgical refining of lead. In the softening stage, the minor element impurities: arsenic, antimony and tin are removed from lead bulli
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48

Maruyama, Koji. "Information in quantum physics and thermodynamics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416077.

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Hajdusek, Michal. "Thermodynamics, quantum computation and cluster states." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531532.

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Skrzypczyk, Paul Alan. "Aspects of nonlocality and quantum thermodynamics." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550302.

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This thesis is a tale of two stories. The first half of this thesis is dedicated to the study of nonlocality. We know that nature is inherently nonlocal, however, the nonlocal correlations allowed by quantum mechanics are limited; we could conceivably have correlations which are 'more' nonlocal and still cause no conflict with relativity. In this thesis I explore this limita- tion by studying nonlocality beyond quantum mechanics from a number of directions, relating mostly to dynamics and transformations. I show that the analogue of entanglement swapping and teleportation can in fact be implem
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