Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thermodynamique statistique'
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Billot, Marie-Hélène. "Dimension physique non entiere : une application a la thermodynamique statistique." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077270.
Full textBillot, Marie-Hélène. "Dimension physique non entière une application à la thermodynamique statistique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603005t.
Full textChevereau, Guillaume. "Thermodynamique du positionnement des nucléosomes." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0588.
Full textThe nucleosome is a eukaryotic protein complex whose main role is to organise the DNA inside the nucleus. The affinity of the DNA for the nucleosome depends on the sequence so that essential biological mechanisms such as gene regulation and expression are affected. Modeling the nucleosomal array as a 1D fluid of hard rods yields excellent predictions for in vitro reconstitution data. The discrepencies observed in vivo are interpreted by the action of external factors such as remodellers, transcription factors and haperones. We investigate the intrinsic positioning induced by the sequence as well as the statistical positioning induced by nucleosomes interaction with boundary elements in the energetic profile in which they are set. The nucleosomal array induced by these elements had some biological consequences since the chromatin conformation inside genes and at the promoter influences gene expression
Snoeijer, Jacobus Hendrikus. "Statistics of force networks in granular media /." s. l. : s. n, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39298967h.
Full textKezic, Bernarda. "Analyse statistique et thermodynamique de la micro-structure dans les émulsions moléculaires." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066749.
Full textLes mélanges aqueux diffèrent des mélanges des liquides simples, du fait que les molécules d'eau tendent à s'associer préférentiellement entre elles au travers de la liaison hydrogène, de ce fait ségréguant les molécules de soluté sans pour autant entraîner une démixtion macroscopique des mélanges. Même des mélanges aussi simples que l'eau avec le méthanol exhibent ce type d'ordre local. La micro-hétérogénéité (MH) résultante apparait ainsi comme étant distincte des fluctuations de concentration (CF) qui jouent un rôle important dans la stabilité des mélanges. En établissant la correspondance entre les micro-émulsions et ces mélanges que nous appelons « émulsions moléculaires » à partir de la théorie d'Ornstein-Zernike aux petits vecteurs d'onde, nous montrons comment certains problèmes intrinsèques aux simulations peuvent être résolus en recalculant les corrélations à longue portée. De même, l'introduction des fonctions bridges des corps purs extraits des simulations, permet de mieux comprendre le comportement des équations intégrales pour les mélanges, éclairant en particulier la distinction entre CF et MF
Van, Duijvendijk Kristina. "Applications de la thermodynamique des histoires aux systèmes vitreux." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077250.
Full textThis thesis concerns systems called “glassy” since their dynamics becomes very slow either because of kinetic constraints (like in the true glasses) or because of quenched disorder (like in the spin glasses). The originality of this thesis lies in tackling these problems, which were the object of several theoretical, numerical and experimental works during the last decade, through the 'thermodynarnics formalism of histories'. It's a very elegant formalism which attempts to define the basic principles of out of equilibrium statistical physics by analogy with the Botzmann-Gibbs principles for equilibrium statistical physics : while equilibrium thermodynamics is based on the notion of entropy and free energy which can be considered as large deviation functions for Systems containing a great number of degrees of freedom, thermodynamics of histories is based on large deviation functions characterising dynamics over large time I scales. This thesis gives a purely dynamical description of the glassy state for several Systems having glassy dynamics such as kinetically constrained models, trap and random energy models and for a p-spin model with p equal 2. Actually we find that the glassy state is a consequence of the cohexistence between several dynamical régimes followed by these Systems
Beauvais, Christèle. "Effet de l'eau sur les propriétés d'adsorption d'un solide nanoporeux : étude par simulation moléculaire de la zéolithe faujasite." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112129.
Full textThis work deals with the properties of water confined in the nanometer-scale channels and pores of zeolites and other inorganic open framework materials. Adsorption properties in zeolites are closely related to the location of nonframework cations and to their accessibility to adsorbed molecules. I report a molecular simulation study of water and aromatics adsorption in zeolite sodium faujasite NaY and NaX. We use a recently developed Monte Carlo simulation method that enables the nonframework cation distribution to change upon water adsorption. The location of extraframework cations in anhydrous faujasite have been elucidated for all Si:Al ratio. In the case of hydrated faujasite, cation redistribution is observed upon water adsorption. The same phenomenon is observed in presence of adsorbed xylene molecules in the framework. A very small amount of water (some 5% weight) leads to the observed cation redistribution. There is another consequence of the presence of water, that is a change by a factor of 4 in the adsorption selectivity of NaY in favour of p-xylene, when a mixture of m and p-xylene are exposed to the zeolite sample. Water adsorption isotherms and heats of adsorption have been calculated and compared to available experimental data. The sensibility of the results to little changes of the intermolecular potential model has also been studied. The issue addressed in the present work is the effect of small amount of water on the separation processes involving hydrocarbon mixtures. The molecular simulation tools developed in this work, such as the " parallel tempering " method can, in principle, be extended to any type of guest-host systems
Guigue, Jean-Philippe. "Etude thermodynamique des mélanges de type alcool + cycloalcane + hydrocarbure aromatique + n-alcanone : prévision des propriétés d'excès et des lignes d'équilibre entre phases par le modèle DISpersif QUAsi Chimique (DISQUAC)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11017.
Full textBenedito, Manon. "Mécanique statistique et thermodynamique des systèmes avec transitions conformationnelles : applications aux macromolécules biologiques." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0015.
Full textThe thermo-elastic behaviour of biological macromolecules, such as DNA and proteins, is addressed in a wide field of studies, with plenty of theoretical and practical applications. Mathematical modelling of the macromolecules’ response to deformation and to thermal fluctuations allows the validation of the statistical mechanics of small systems, through the comparison with experimental results obtained by force spectroscopy, thus providing information on the static and dynamic responses induced by applied forces. These analyses are even more important for bistable macromolecules with conformational transitions, corresponding to folding/unfolding processes between two stable positions. In order to obtain analytically the force-deformation response of a chain composed of bistable units, it is necessary to calculate the partition functions, which are essential objects of the statistical mechanics. Thus, the bistable potential energy is decomposed into two parabolas, both corresponding to the folded and unfolded states and identified using the spin variables technique, largely used throughout the manuscript. The first part of this thesis concerns the extensibility of the bonds between the bistable units of a chain. The second part allows us to consider the interactions between the bistable units of a chain, thanks to the Ising model. The third part deals with heterogeneity, an important parameter to determine the unfolding sequence in proteins unfolding. Finally, in the last part, the dynamics of deformation is described
Herbert, Corentin. "Applications de la mécanique statistique à la modélisation du climat : thermodynamique et dynamique de l'atmosphère." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066661.
Full textIn climate modeling, the standard tools build upon numerical integration of the equations of motion, with an ever decreasing spatial and temporal resolution. In this thesis, alternative methods are developed, which aim at calculating directly the final state of the system at the macroscopic level, without knowing the details of the microscopic dynamics. Two major approaches are presented. In a first step, a thermodynamic variational problem is formulated, which provides directly a stationary temperature field, taking into account the transport of energy by the atmosphere and the oceans in an implicit way, without any empirical parameterization. This principle can be extended to take into account climate feedbacks, the seasonal cycle or convection. The emphasize is on the prospective use for paleoclimate studies. In a second part, the general principles of equilibrium statistical mechanics are applied to the atmospheric flow. Because of the turbulent nature of the flow, small-scale vorticity is mixed while large-scale structures appear. These structures can be calculated by choosing a probability distribution for small-scale vorticity. From there, a classification of the equilibrium states of a simple model of the general circulation of the atmosphere is built, depending only on a few conserved quantities
Lagache, Marie. "La simulation de Monte-Carlo et l'industrie pétrolière : développement de potentiel pour les composés organomercurés : calcul de grandeurs thermodynamiques dérivées de gaz à condensat." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112049.
Full textPrediction by molecular simulations is planned to be a serious complement to experimental measurements. Indeed, the study of equilibrium properties of molecular mixtures, such as hydrocarbons, by molecular simulation enables to model fluids of petroleum and gas relevance and to give data to the industry especially when the desired range of temperature and pressure is not easy to access by experimental processes and when toxic compounds are studied. The determination and the use of realistic and predictive numerical models for real systems remain today an unsolved problem. Besides the question of intermolecular interaction potential, the achieving of a good statistic on these systems containing a lot of degrees of freedom is very delicate. This research work is concentrated on three directions. The first part is devoted to the prediction of phase equilibrium properties, by Monte Carlo simulation, of toxic compounds that are present in some natural gases : the organomercury compounds. Its implementation go through the development of a realistic intermolecular force field in order to determine liquid vapour diagrams for mixtures. The second part consists in calculating second order derivatives of the thermodynamic potential and particularly the Joule-Thomson coefficient. To obtain these thermodynamic derivatives properties, a method based on statistical fluctuations of microscopic quantities have been developed. This method was applied to pure molecular fluids and natural gas and leads to good agreement with available experimental data. Finally, the last part of the work is devoted to the prediction of these properties near the critical point in order to reveal their critical divergence qualitatively and quantitatively
Adjanor, Gilles. "Modélisation thermodynamique des verres nucléaires : coexistence entre phases amorphes." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112285.
Full textInvestigating the stability of borosilicate glasses used in the nuclear industry with respect to phase separation requires to estimate the Gibbs free energies of the various phases appearing in the material. In simulation, using current computational resources, a direct state-sampling of a glassy system with respect to its ensemble statistics is not ergodic and the estimated ensemble averages are not reliable. Our approach consists in generating, at a given cooling rate, a serie of quenches, or paths connecting states of the liquid to states of the glass, and then in taking into account the probability to generate the paths leading to the different glassy states in ensembles averages. In this way, we introduce a path ensemble formalism and calculate a Landau free energy associated to a glassy metabasin. This method was validated by accurately mapping the free energy landscape of a 38-atom glassy cluster. We then applied this approach to the calculation of the Gibbs free energies of binary amorphous Lennard-Jones alloys, and checked the correlation between the observed tendencies to order or to phase separate and the computed Gibbs free energies. We finally computed the driving force to phase separation in a simplified three-oxide nuclear glass modeled by a Born-Mayer-Huggins potential that includes a three-body term, and we compared the estimated quantities to the available experimental data
JACQUOT, PAGOT VIRGINIE. "Thermodynamique des yba#2cu#3o#z : determination experimentale de g(o#2) et h(o#2). interpretation au moyen de modeles de thermodynamique statistique." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112278.
Full textJam, Arnaud. "Paramétrisation de la couche limite : du modèle des thermiques au modèle statistique de nuage." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066672.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to improve the representation of the cloudy convective boundary layers in General Circulation Models (GCM), and to develop a statistical cloud scheme. In this purpose, we start from the “thermal plume model”: in this scheme, ascending plumes or thermals are represented by a unique mean buoyant plume, entraining air from environment or detraining air to environment. Thanks to high resolution simulations of the boundary layer, a new parameterization of mixing rates was developed. Based on passive tracer, emitted on the surface in explicit simulations, a conditional sampling allows us to discriminate buoyant plumes from their environment and leads to various hypothesis at the basis of a new parameterization, which is implemented in an 1D configuration of GCM and evaluated against observations and high resolutions simulations on cases of shallow convection. Next, thermal plume model is coupled with a statistical cloud scheme based on a bi-Gaussian sub-grid distribution of the saturation deficit. Thanks to the tracer-based conditional sampling of high resolution simulations, we demonstrate that one mode corresponds to plumes of buoyant air arising from the surface, and the second to their environment. The standard deviations of the two Gaussian modes are parameterized starting from thermodynamic variables given by the thermal plume model. Some of these parameterizations (mixing rates, statistical cloud scheme) were implemented in a new 3D version of LMDZ, since used to run simulations which results will be used as a base for the next IPPC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report
Lagrange, Silvère. "Relaxation d’ondes optiques non-linéaires : thermalisation d’ondes incohérentes et attraction de polarisation." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS055.
Full textThe first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the thermalization of incoherent waves. Using thermodynamic arguments, the kinetic theory of weak turbulence provides a description of a new process of velocity locking for the interaction of incoherent optical waves propagating in cubic or quadratic nonlinear media. The second part of this thesis concerns the generalization of the polarisation attraction in isotropic optical fibers. The study of the relaxation of the spatio-temporal dynamics towards a specific equilibrium state reveals the existence and the role of singular tori in phase space for the dynamics of the system. Mé angl
Issa, Ahmad. "Réalisation assistée par laser d'alliage de surface base aluminium ou cuivre : aspects mécanique, physique, thermodynamique et statistique." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0069.
Full textThe present work deals with surface alloying, by using continuous C02 laser irradiation on and two different kinds of samples : - either an aluminium base alloy, with a 20-300 micrometers thick nickel coating (or a cobalt base coating) ; in this case, the purpose is to improve mechanical and tribological properties of the surface. - or a copper base alloy with a double coating : nickel (10-30 microns) and chrimium (1-5 microns). Enhancement of bath mechanical and physico-chemical properties is expected. Laser surface alloying is achieved by heating the surface of the sample up to the melting temperature and then to induce inter diffusion, in liquid phase of the different chemical elements. After an optimization of the laser processing conditions, sound homogeneous surface alloys are obtained and then analysed. A correlation is established between microstructure and properties (mechanical properties and corrosion resistance). In addition, a thermal transfer model is developed for multilayer samples. Three different types of parameters are introduced : laser source features, laser-material interaction characteristics and properties of materials. Comparison with experimental results shows a good semi-quantitative agreement
Qiao, Chongzhi. "Theoretical study of fluid adsorption in porous materials." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN051/document.
Full textPorous materials have strategically important in chemical engineering, e.g., capturing Greenhouse gas, separation and purification, catalysts, and design of sensors. Due to the variety of porous materials, and thermodynamic properties of confined fluid are affected by so many materials and fluid properties, studies of classical statistical mechanic methods are still on a case-by-case way, which is hard to offer neither the control variables of confined fluid nor to provide a regular pattern of confined fluid. The development of thermodynamic theories or the universal scaling laws that can accurately describe confined fluids becomes more and more important. This thesis investigates the relation between confined fluid and the corresponding bulk fluid, interfacial properties of fluids at a curved surface, the general equation of state for confined fluids, and quench effect.With the help of scaled particle theory (SPT) and molecular simulation, a general scaling relation that connects the confined fluid and bulk fluid is found. This scaling relation shows that the difference of thermodynamics properties between confined fluid and bulk fluid can be described by only porosity, excess adsorption amount, and the pressure of equilibrated bulk system. The intrinsic relation between scaling relation and Gibbs adsorption theory is also revealed. By combining SPT and morphological thermodynamics, we first proposed an augmented SPT to explore the interfacial properties of fluids at a curved surface. By introducing a higher order curvature term, a new equation of state which offers a more accurate expression of the interfacial tension of fluid at a spherical surface is derived. To construct a general equation of state for confined fluids and explore the control variables of confined fluids, by combining morphological thermodynamic and SPT, we introduced the first equation of state for confined fluid which is irrelevant to the model of porous material. In this equation of state, four geometric properties of porous material, i.e., the porosity, the area of solid-fluid interface, integrate mean and Gaussian curvature are considered as control variables. Independent variables are chemical potential and temperature. Results from this equation of state have a great agreement with molecular simulation in a wide range. The confinement effect is related to its chemical potential. We first studied the influence of confined conditions on the chemical potential of fluids. Results show that an increase on chemical potential, which means the increase of resistance of fluids into porous materials can be led by reducing the porosity, or increasing the fluid density, or increasing the area of solid-liquid interface
Inchekel, Radia. "Développement d'une équation d'état applicable aux systèmes d'électrolytes eau-alcool-sels-hydrocarbures." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004399.
Full textFaussurier, Gérald. "Traitement statistique des proprietes spectrales des plasmas a l'equilibre thermodynamique local dans le cadre du modele hydrogenique ecrante." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0010.
Full textFaussurier, Gérald. "Traitement statistique des propriétés spectrales des plasmas à l'équilibre thermodynamique local dans le cadre du modèle hydrogénique écranté /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Direction de l'information scientifique et technique, CEA Saclay, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361624068.
Full textWorrakitpoonpon, Tirawut. "Relaxation of isolated self-gravitating systems in one and three dimensions." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066190.
Full textGadzuric, Slobodan G. "Etude expérimentale des propriétés thermodynamiques, de transport et structurales de systèmes de bromures de lanthanidesPrédiction par méthodes statistiques de data mining." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11017.
Full textPhase diagrams of 8 systems were determined (CeBr3-MBr and EuBr2-MBr, M=Li, Na, K, Rb), heat capacity of corresponding stoichometric compounds in the EuBr2-MBr and liquid mixing enthalpies of bromide europium(II) systems were measured. Raman spectra of pure EuBr2 and reflectance spectra of some lanthanide bromide – alkali bromide mixtures were performed. Electrical conductivity experiments were determined for all alkali bromide mixtures with LaBr3, NdBr3 and EuBr2. Using two mathematical techniques (Partial Least Square and Principal Component Analysis) by careful selection of thermodynamic properties for the set of lanthanide halides investigated in our laboratory, still unknown values of some basic thermodynamic functions (ΔHform and ΔGform) for the set of 14 different lanthanide halides were predicted with high accuracy
Bennour, Fatima. "Contribution a l'etude thermodynamique des silicates liquides. Systeme : cs#2o-sio#2-na#2o." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11023.
Full textLutton, Jean-Luc. "Mécanique statistique et théorie des systèmes : utilisation de méthodes de mécanique statistique pour étudier des systèmes de télécommunication et traiter des problèmes de recherche opérationnelle." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112172.
Full textThe aim of this work is to use· statistical mechanics ideas for studying engineering problems. First we analyze the performance of a class of connecting networks: Clos connecting Networks with 2 k + 1 stages. We show that these networks, like physical systems, exhibit the thermodynamical limit property. We deduce analytical expressions which give values of macroscopic system performance parameters (system with loss, system with rearrangement or system with queueing) in terms of the offered traffic. In particular, we estimate probability distribution of the number of rearrangements and the waiting time distribution using the maximum entropy principle. All these analytical results give good agreements with numerical simulations. We then apply the simulated annealing procedure to some combinatorial optimization problems (travelling salesman problem, minimum weighted matching problem, quadratic sum assignment problem). In fact, we use the Metropolis algorithm to determine a quasi-optimal solution to the problem we consider. We deduce a good heuristic with better performances than other classical methods, especially for large problems. For example we obtain a "good" solution for a 10000-city travelling salesman problem. Using statistical mechanics formalism, we also estimate the asymptotic behaviour of the optimal solution
Cannizzo, Andrea. "Mécanique statistique et thermodynamique de l'adhésion, des transformations de phase et de la rupture dans les micro et nanosystèmes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CLIL0027.
Full textMicro-instability and multi-stability phenomena play a key role in various mechanical and physical systems, both artificial and biological. As such, their understanding is addressed in a wide field of studies, with many practical and theoretical applications. The modeling of the temperature effect on micro-instabilities, appearing in different artificial and biological phenomena, allows the validation of the statistical mechanics for small systems, through the comparison with experimental data obtained using force spectroscopy and micromechanical testing, thus providing useful insights on the responses induced by applied forces or elongations. These analyses are particularly important in the study of all the systems that present two (or more) metastable states such as the adhesion/deadhesion processes, the phase transformations (e.g. the folding/unfolding and pseudo-elastic phenomena), and the cracks and fractures propagation in nano- and micro-scale systems. For example, the temperature strongly influences the phase transformation features of pseudo-elastic nanowires used as actuators and sensors in nanotechnology or modifies the adhesion properties of metastatic cells in cancer invasion processes. The force-extension or stress-strain response is one of the main useful features to understand the effects of micro-instabilities and, in order to be analytically obtained, one needs to evaluate the system partition function, which is the essential tool of statistical mechanics. Hence, the complex potential energy landscape of the problem under investigation is approximated using the spin variables technique, introducing a discrete quantity able to identify the different potential energy wells. The first part of this thesis addresses the state of the art, the open problems, the motivations, and the description of the adopted methodologies. The following part shows how commonly different physical phenomena can be studied by the same modeling approach
Louis, Delphine. "Etude mathématique des propriétés magnétiques du gaz quantique." Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0005.
Full textVroylandt, Hadrien. "Thermodynamique et fluctuations des petites machines." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS244/document.
Full textSmall machines -- like molecular motors or active particles -- operate in highly fluctuating environments that affect their efficiency and power. This thesis aims at describing small machines using stochastic thermodynamics and large deviation theory. By relating mean currents to thermodynamic forces, locally first and then at the global level, we introduce the non-equilibrium conductance matrix that generalizes the Onsager matrix for stationary non-equilibrium systems. We use it to bound machine efficiency by a universal function depending only on the degree of coupling between input and output currents and to find new general power-efficiency trade-offs. On the fluctuations side, the non-equilibrium conductance matrix can be used to find a quadratic bound on the large deviation function of currents. This enables to revisit the fluctuation-dissipation theorem as an inequality when dealing with far-from-equilibrium systems, but also to derive bounds on the efficiency large deviation function. Finally, we study the effects of ergodicity breaking on the fluctuations of observables like activity, currents or efficiency. In particular, we derive the efficiency large deviation function for a model of interacting nanomachines, for which tight coupling and ergodicity breaking emerge in the thermodynamic limit
Amzil, Abdelhamid. "Etude du lien entre structure et propriétés thermodynamiques dans les alliages liquides binaires." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11010.
Full textLecomte, Vivien. "Thermodynamique des histoires et fluctuations hors d'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198144.
Full textDans une première partie, nous adaptons le formalisme de Ruelle au cas des systèmes markoviens en temps continu. Il apparaît que tous les concepts de la théorie (fonction de partition dynamique, pression topologique) s'obtiennent comme des fonctions de grandes déviations de certaines observables extensives en temps. Nous développons une approche en champ moyen, basée sur la construction d'une énergie libre dynamique à la Landau-Ginzburg, dont découlent toutes les observables de la théorie. Nous exposons également un algorithme qui permet de les évaluer en dimension finie. L'application de ces méthodes à des modèles de verres montre que l'état stationnaire de ces systèmes est situé exactement au point d'une transition de phase dynamique du premier ordre (entre deux phases active et inactive) ce qui justifie l'image heuristique de coexistence de phase dynamique proposée pour décrire ces modèles.
La seconde partie traite spécifiquement des fluctuations de courant dans des systèmes pour lesquels peu de résultats généraux sont disponibles : (i) un modèle de spins très loin de l'équilibre au contact de deux bains thermiques, (ii) un modèle d'exclusion symétrique en dimension 1, (iii) des exemples de systèmes superdiffusifs. Dans tous ces systèmes, nous déterminons le comportement en loi de puissance de la fonction de grandes déviations et, lorsque c'est possible, la fonction de grandes déviations elle-même ou les fonctions d'échelles qui correspondent à différents régimes de courant.
Félix, Gautier. "Étude du phénomène de la transition de spin dans les solides moléculaires à l'échelle nanométrique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2453/.
Full textSize reduction in spin crossover materials is a current hot topic. The conservation of the bistability in spin crossover nanoparticles would be a real asset for future applications. Recent experimental measurements show that the decrease of the size of spin crossover particles has a direct impact on the thermal spin crossover behaviour. The principal aim of this work is to study and to understand the phase stability in spin crossover nano-objects. Using this knowledge, new kinds of nano-objects can be developed, allowing the control of the spin crossover behaviour. In general, when decreasing the size a loss of the bistability, a downshift of the transition temperature and the emergence of a fraction of inactive molecules is observed. A new model based on the nanothermodynamics is introduced to study the spin crossover phenomenon in nanoparticles. It demonstrates that the driving force of the spin transition at the nanometer scale comes from surface phenomena. Then, a deeper investigation of surface properties has been made, combining nanothermodynamics, statistical physics and continuum mechanics. However, in certain cases, very small coordination nanoparticles (< 4 nm) display a surprising bistable behaviour. An enhancement of the elasticity in these coordination nanoparticles has been observed through series of experimental measurements using powder X-ray diffraction as well as classic and inelastic Mössbauer spectroscopies. Taking into account this experimental result in the nanothermodynamic model, a reopening of the thermal hysteresis loop is obtained in ultra-small particles, providing exciting perspectives for future developments
Duflot-Flandrois, Véronique. "Signaux de transition de phase des systèmes finis." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2069.
Full textLafitte, Thomas. "Estimation simultanée des équilibres de phases et des propriétés dérivées de fluides complexex à l'aide d'une approche SAFT-VR." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3032.
Full textIn this work a new equation of state based on the SAFT-VR theory (Statistical associating Fluid Theory for potential of variable range) adapted for the use of Mie potentials m-n is derived. The incorporation of this to model the repulsive and attractive interactions together with a new method for optimizing the molecular parameters allows now for an accurate description of vapour-liquid equilibria and derivative properties of complex fluids (isothermal compressibility, thermal expansivity, heat capacities, speed of sound, Joule-Thomson inversion phenomenon). The new equation of state improves significantly other models available in literature in the condensed liquid region. Moreover due to the sound physical meaning to the approach, no deterioration of the results is found for long chain molecules and a clear dependence of the characteristic molecular parameters with the increasing chain length is obtained. Taking into account the good results obtained for alkanes and the possibility of incorporating an association term in the equation, we have extended the scope of the study to associating coumpounds. We have found that the model is able to reproduce the complex behaviour of the isobaric heat capacity and thermal expansivity which display singularities due to the formation of aggregates. The accurate modelling of these two special features which are often considered as discriminatory tests for equation of states emphasize the consistency of the model proposed
Yefsah, Tarik. "Thermodynamique du gaz de Bose à deux dimensions." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737502.
Full textRossi, Claude. "Méthode d'analyse statistique des titrages acido-basiques en solutions aqueuses diluées : étude thermodynamique de la dissociation des acides polyacrylique et polyméthacrylique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11034.
Full textPalato, Samuel. "La simulation mésoscopique par dynamique dissipative." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/66.
Full textGu, Jiayin. "Fluctuations, Counting Statistics, and Charge Transport in Mesoscopic Systems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/312531/3/Text.pdf.
Full textLe transport de particules charg´ees est ´etudi´e dans les syst`emes m´esoscopiques o`u l’interaction ´electrostatique`a longue port´ee joue un rˆole central. En particulier, l’´etude porte sur les propri´et´es statistiques des courants quisatisfont la relation appel´ee th´eor`eme de fluctuations. Une approche stochastique est pr´esent´ee en accord avec leslois de l’´electricit´e, la thermodynamique et la micror´eversibilit´e. Dans cette approche, les densit´es des particlescharg´ees sont gouvern´ees par des ´equations stochastiques aux d´eriv´ees partielles et le champ ´electrique est d´etermin´epar l’´equation de Poisson. Tout d’abord, un mod`ele stochastique r´eduit est propos´e pour d´ecrire le transport departicules dans les syst`emes de non-´equilibre en contact avec plusieurs r´eservoirs. Dans ce mod`ele, les ´echanges departicules entre les r´eservoirs sont d´etermin´es aux temps longs en termes des premiers et seconds cumulants de ladistribution de probabilit´e des transferts de particules, ce qui permet l’´evaluation num´erique des forces d’entraˆınement.Il est prouv´e que, pr`es de l’´equilibre, ce mod`ele peut s’appliquer `a tout syst`eme dans un ´etat stationnaire de non-´equilibre. Par ailleurs, l’´etude d’exemples sp´ecifiques montre que le domaine d’application de ce mod`ele s’´etend `a desr´egimes arbitrairement loin de l’´equilibre si les taux de transition ont des d´ependances lin´eaires en la concentrationde particules. En plus, le th´eor`eme de fluctuations `a temps fini est ´etabli pour ces syst`emes avec des taux lin´eaires.Ensuite, l’approche stochastique est utilis´ee pour ´etudier le transport de charges dans les diodes et les transistors.La statistique de comptage est effectu´ee pour le courant des porteurs de charge et le courant total mesur´e incluantla contribution du courant de d´eplacement. Le th´eor`eme de fluctuations est d´emontr´e pour les deux courants. Laconvergence des affinit´es `a temps fini vers leur valeur asymptotique est test´ee en utilisant le mod`ele stochastiquer´eduit. Un accord est observ´e entre les affinit´es obtenues num´eriquement et les pr´edictions th´eoriques si les affinit´esprennent des valeurs mod´er´ees. Tous ces r´esultats apportent des v´erifications num´eriques du th´eor`eme de fluctuationsdes courants dans les circuits ´electroniques non-lin´eaires. Pour les diodes, la courbe caract´eristique courant-tension estobtenue et celle-ci peut ˆetre ajust´ee par la courbe de Shockley si la concentration des porteurs de charge majoritairesest beaucoup plus grande que celle des porteurs minoritaires. Pour les transistors, l’effet d’amplification du signal estmis en ´evidence dans les conditions de fonctionnement normal. De plus, il est montr´e num´eriquement que les relationsde r´eciprocit´e d’Onsager sont satisfaites, ainsi que certaines de leurs g´en´eralisations aux propri´et´es non-lin´eaires detransport d´eduites du th´eor`eme de fluctuations. Finalement, le transport de charges est ´etudi´e dans un syst`eme form´ede trois jonctions `a effet tunnel coupl´ees par un plot conducteur (quantique). La fonction g´en´eratrice des cumulantsest alors obtenue par r´esolution num´erique du probl`eme aux valeurs propres de l’op´erateur d’´evolution modifi´e pourinclure les param`etres de comptage. La relation de sym´etrie d´eduite du th´eor`eme de fluctuations est v´erifi´ee, ainsique les relations de r´eciprocit´e d’Onsager et leurs g´en´eralisations. Par ailleurs, sous certaines conditions, les courbescaract´eristiques courant-tension montrent une structure en marches d’escalier due `a l’effet de blocage coulombien.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Ghoufi, Aziz. "Méthodologies de simulation moléculaire pour le calcul de grandeurs thermodynamiques d'association : théorie et application à différents types de complexes." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691202.
Full textLe, Neindre Nicolas. "Aspect thermodynamique de la multifragmentation Xe +Sn 32 à 50 A.MeV." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003741.
Full textZeng, Shan. "Comparaison et analyse statistique des propriétés nuageuses dérivées des instruments POLDER et MODIS dans le cadre de l’expérience spatiale A-Train." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10067/document.
Full textThe A-Train observations provide an unprecedented opportunity for synchronous monitoring of the entire atmosphere including clouds at the global scale. In this study we illustrate a statistical analysis and comparisons of cloud cover, thermodynamic phase and cloud optical thickness mainly derived from the coincident POLDER (Polarization_and_Directionality_of_the_Earth_Reflectance), and MODIS (MODerate_Resolution_Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensors in the A-Train constellation. We presented first the results of an extensive study of the regional and seasonal variations of cloud cover from POLDER and MODIS and discuss the possible factors leading to differences between them, among which are the spatial resolution, aerosols, cirrus and particular surfaces. Cloud top phase products were then compared and discussed in view of cloud vertical structure and optical properties derived simultaneously from collocated CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol_Lidar_with_Orthogonal_Polarization, another A-Train member) observations, which allow to identify and qualify potential biases present in the 3 considered dataset. Among those, we discussed the impact of observed geometries, thin cirrus, aerosols, snow/ice surfaces, multilayer and fractional cloud cover on global statistics of cloud phase derived from POLDER and MODIS passive measurements. Based on these analyses we selected cloud retrievals of high confidence to study the global and regional vertical ice-water transition and the variations of this transition with cloud formation and development regimes, particularly the impact of large-scale dynamics and cloud microphysics.Cloud optical thicknesses were finally studied. The impacts of spatial resolution, cloud microphysics and heterogeneity are mainly discussed for the understanding of the significant biases on optical thickness from the two sensors
Aymard, François. "Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium for compact stars: modelling the nuclear energy functional." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2019.
Full textThe core collapse supernova is one of the most powerful known phenomena in the universe. It results from the explosion of very massive stars after they have burnt all their fuel. The hot compact remnant, the so-called proto-neutron star, cools down to become an inert catalyzed neutron star. The dynamics and structure of compact stars, that is core collapse supernovae, proto-neutron stars and neutron stars, are still not fully understood and are currently under active research, in association with astrophysical observations and nuclear experiments. One of the key components for modelling compact stars concerns the Equation of State. The task of computing a complete realistic consistent Equation of State for all such stars is challenging because a wide range of densities, proton fractions and temperatures is spanned. This thesis deals with the icroscopic modelling of the structure and internal composition of baryonic matter with nucleonic degrees of freedom in compact stars, in order to obtain a realistic unified Equation of State. In particular, we are interesting in a formalism which can be applied both at sub-saturation and super-saturation densities, and which gives in the zero temperature limit results compatible with the microscopic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with modern realistic effective in- teractions constrained on experimental nuclear data. For this purpose, we present, for sub-saturated matter, a Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium model which corresponds to a statistical superposition of finite configurations, the so-called Wigner-Seitz cells. Each cell contains a nucleus, or cluster, embedded in a homogeneous electron gas as well as a homogeneous neutron and proton gas. Within each cell, we investigate the different components of the nuclear energy of clusters in interaction with gases. The use of the nuclear mean-field theory for the description of both the clusters and the nucleon gas allows a theoretical consistency with the treatment at saturation and beyond. At densities above two-three times saturation, other degrees of freedom are expected to appear, which potentially lead to other consistency problems but this issue will not be treated in this thesis. The thesis is divided into three parts. In part I, we present the Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium model based on the grand canonical statistics and non-relativistic Skyrme interactions. Results at β-equilibrium are shown and the importance of the clusters distribution as well as a realistic treatment for the free energy model is discussed. Part II investigates the functional behavior of the baryonic energy in the Wigner-Seitz cell within the Extended-Thomas-Fermi approximation. In particular, both bulk and surface in-medium effects are studied, and their dependence on cluster size and asymmetry as well as gas densities and asymmetry is investigated. A preliminary result of in-medium surface effects is presented within some approximations in the case of β-equilibrated matter
Laurindo, João Borges. "Évaporation en milieu poreux : étude expérimentale sur milieux-modèles et modélisation de type percolation." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT070H.
Full textBalland, Pascale. "Sur le rôle des potentiels généralisés en thermodynamique de la relaxation : application au comportement mécanique des polymères : de la loi locale au calcul de structure." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL013N.
Full textGiaconia, Cazelles Catherine. "Thermodynamique statistique des oxydes a large domaine de non stoechiometrie. Application a tio#x,vo#x et yba#2cu#3o#6#+#2#x." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112090.
Full textVintrou, Sébastien. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermique des composants électroniques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100175/document.
Full textThis work deals with thermal aspects in electronic components. In particular those of devices that can be assimilated to heat sources located on top of solid mediums. First a general analytical model of thermal impedance is developed. It allows to calculate the junction temperatures of multifingers electronic components on top of a stack of different materials. The model is based on the resolution of the three-dimensional heat transfer equation in AC regime by the method of the integral transforms. It is used to evaluate the influence of the geometrical and structural parameters of the physical problem. Thanks to its simplicity and the low time consuming tasks the model is adapted to an implementation in Simulation Programs with Integrated Circuits Emphasis (SPICE). Afterwards the problem of heat sources reconstruction is treated by inverse method. For this purpose the numerical method of finite volumes has been used to express the three-dimensional problem of heat conduction in transient regime by a matrix equation. In this equation the heat flux is made discrete in space and in time. It is estimated by the use of a peudo–inverse. Numerical tests and experimental measurements validated the method
Benzakour, Mohammed. "Contribution à l'étude des composés non stoechiométriques partiellement ioniques : application au dioxyde de cérium CeO₂ ₋ x." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112240.
Full textGiordano, Domenico. "On the statistical and axiomatic thermodynamics of multitemperature gas mixtures." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11072.
Full textMahé, Etienne. "Utilisation des spécifications." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES051.
Full textA central mathematical object of statistical mechanics is the specification. Gibbsian specifications, defined through an interaction according to Boltzmann prescription, are characterized by two properties : (1) Non-nullness, that is, absence of forbidden configurations, and (2) Quasilocality, which corresponds to asymptotic insensitivity to far-away regions. One of the main theoretical tools for the study of Gibbsian specifications is the variational approach, which involves two functions called free energy (or pressure) and entropy. In this thesis we introduce a condition, called ASV (Asymptotic Sub-Volume), which is weaker than quasilocality but which allows us to prove most of the Gibbsian results. For translation-invariant ASV specifications we prove : (1) existence of the pressure and the relative entropy density, (2) validity of a variational principle, and (3) existence of a large deviations principle. All the relevant magnitudes depend only on the specification, and not on each particular consistent measure. In particular, they remain valid even for specifications without a consistent measure. While the main application of the present results is to non-Gibbsian specifications, it can also be considered an alternative approach for the quasilocal case. Unlike standard treatments, our approach does not resort to interactions. Finally, we discuss in detail many instances of renormalized measures —in particular block decimation— that do not fit into our previous framework. Nevertheless, we are able to develop a comparable theory for them as well
Kahn, Jonas. "Normalité asymptotique locale quantique et autres questions de statistiques quantiques." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112352.
Full textThe thesis deals with miscellaneous quantum statistics problems, where the starting point is the object itself, instead of measurement data. We use model selection methods on quantum homodyne tomography. We apply our results to photocounter calibration. We study optimal discrimination of quantum states and Pauli channels, in a minimax setting. We devise an estimation scheme for unitary transformations, which has 1/n convergence speed. We give a sufficient condition for a measurement to be clean, as defined by Buscemi et al. , and characterise clean measurements on qubits. We prove there are not five complementary subalgebras isomorphic to M2(C) in M4(C). The main theme is strong quantum local asymptotic normality. We prove that i. I. D. Experiments are asymptotically equivalent to quantum Gaussian shift experiments. Ln other words, many copies of a finite-dimensional system correspond to a single copy of a Gaussian state on a CCR-algebra of the right dimension, with mean as unknown parameter. This means that there are channels that transform one state into the other, and back, without knowing the precise state. Hence, all problems solved for quantum Gaussian shift experiments are asymptotically solved for i. I. D. Experiments, ln particular, we give an explicit optimal estimation method for any well-behaved loss function, both in the minimax and Bayesian uniform frameworks
Megharbi, Djamel. "Restitution de paramètres thermodynamiques par reconnaissance d'environnements dans les graphes de composés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL091N.
Full textBulnes, Cuetara Gregory. "Fluctuation theorem for quantum electron transport in mesoscopic circuits." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209435.
Full textNous considérons deux modèles particuliers de circuits à deux canaux, chacun comportant deux électrodes. Le premier modèle étudié est constitué de deux plots quantiques en couplage capacitif, et chacun échangeant des électrons avec deux électrodes. Le deuxième modèle est quant à lui constitué d'un double plot quantique connecté à deux électrodes et modulant le courant dans un point quantique formé lui-même par la jonction de deux électrodes. Pour ces deux modèles, chaque canal est soumis à une différence de potentiel, ou force thermodynamique, générant des courants stationnaires fluctuants.
La statistique des courants pour ces deux modèles est obtenue en utilisant une équation maîtresse pour les probabilités d'occupation dans les plots quantiques et le nombre d'électrons transférés entre ceux-ci et les électrodes. Nous vérifions que la distribution de probabilité jointes des courants dans chaque canal ainsi obtenue vérifie un théorème de fluctuation dans la limite des temps long faisant intervenir les forces thermodynamique des deux canaux.
La question de l'émergence d'un théorème de fluctuation effectif pour la distribution de probabilité marginale du courant dans un des deux canaux est également investiguée. Nous montrons que dans la limite ou le rapport des courants est grande, un tel théorème de fluctuation effectif est satisfait individuellement pour le canal de plus faible courant comme observé expérimentalement. Ce théorème fait intervenir une affinité effective dépendante des forces thermodynamiques des deux canaux et des spécificités du modèle considéré. Son étude détaillée est faite pour les deux modèles mentionnés.
Par ailleurs, nous posons également la question de l'existence d'un théorème de fluctuation pour des temps de mesure finis. Nous montrons qu'en présence d'un théorème de fluctuation dans la limite de temps longs, un critère peut être énoncé sur la condition initiale des plots quantiques menant à un théorème de fluctuations à temps fini. Ce critère est également étendu au cas des théorèmes de fluctuations effectifs.
Finalement, nous faisons une étude thermodynamique du modèle composé d'un double plot quantique en présence de différences de potentiel électrique et de température entre les électrodes du circuit.
Doctorat en Sciences
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