Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Thermodynamique'
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Monsel, Juliette. "Thermodynamique quantique et optomécanique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY051.
Full textThermodynamics was developed in the 19th century to study steam engines using the cyclical transformations of a working substance to extract heat from thermal baths and convert it into work, possibly stored in a battery. This applied science eventually led to the development of fundamental concepts such as irreversibility. Quantum thermodynamics aims at revisiting these results when the working substances, baths and batteries become quantum systems. Its results are still mainly theoretical. This thesis therefore propose methods to measure work in situ, directly inside the battery, and demonstrate the potential of two platforms to pave the way to the experimental exploration of this fast-growing field.First, I studied hybrid optomechanical systems which consist of a qubit coupled to the electromagnetic field on the one hand, and to a mechanical resonator on the other hand. The qubit's transition frequency is modulated by the vibrations of the mechanical system that exerts in this way a force on the qubit. The mechanical degree of freedom exchanges work with the qubit and therefore behaves like a dispersive battery, i.e. whose natural frequency is very different from the one of the qubit's transition. Finally, the electromagnetic field plays the role of the bath. I showed that the fluctuations of the mechanical energy are equal to the fluctuations of work, which allows the direct measurement of entropy production. As a result, hybrid optomechanical systems are promising for experimentally testing fluctuation theorems in open quantum systems. In addition, I studied optomechanical energy conversion. I showed that a hybrid optomechanical system can be considered as an autonomous and reversible thermal machine allowing either to cool the mechanical resonator or to build a coherent phonon state starting from thermal noise.Secondly, I showed that a two-stroke quantum engine extracting work from a single, non-thermal, bath can be made. The qubit is embedded in a one-dimensional waveguide and the battery is the waveguide mode of same frequency as the qubit's transition. Therefore, this is a resonant battery, unlike in the previous case. First, the qubit is coupled to the engineered bath, source of energy and coherence, that makes it relax in a experimentally controllable superposition of energy states. Secondly, the bath is disconnected and work is extracted by driving the qubit with a resonant coherent field. This kind of system, called one-dimensional atom, can be implemented in superconducting or semiconducting circuits. The coherence of the qubit's state improves the performances of this engine both in the regime of classical drive, where a large number of photons is injected in the battery, and in the quantum drive regime of low photon numbers.This thesis evidences the potential of hybrid optomechanical systems and one-dimensional atoms to explore experimentally on the one hand, irreversibility and fluctuation theorems, and on the other hand, the role of coherence in work extraction
Chevereau, Guillaume. "Thermodynamique du positionnement des nucléosomes." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0588.
Full textThe nucleosome is a eukaryotic protein complex whose main role is to organise the DNA inside the nucleus. The affinity of the DNA for the nucleosome depends on the sequence so that essential biological mechanisms such as gene regulation and expression are affected. Modeling the nucleosomal array as a 1D fluid of hard rods yields excellent predictions for in vitro reconstitution data. The discrepencies observed in vivo are interpreted by the action of external factors such as remodellers, transcription factors and haperones. We investigate the intrinsic positioning induced by the sequence as well as the statistical positioning induced by nucleosomes interaction with boundary elements in the energetic profile in which they are set. The nucleosomal array induced by these elements had some biological consequences since the chromatin conformation inside genes and at the promoter influences gene expression
Andre, Pascal. "Etude de la composition et des proprétés thermodynamiques des plasmas thermiques à l'équilibre et hors d'équilibre thermodynamique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011304.
Full textDans le cas des plasmas à l'équilibre thermodynamique, la méthode de la minimisation de l'enthalpie libre est employée. Pour cela, une banque de données thermodynamiques, nécessitant le calcul des fonctions de partition de chaque espèce prise en compte, est constituée. Le formalisme numérique utilisant la méthode de minimisation « steepest descent » de White et al, est rappelé.
Dans le cas des plasmas hors d'équilibre thermique, l'enthalpie libre totale est établie en associant une température à chaque degré de liberté. Les fonctions de partition des espèces diatomiques doivent alors être modifiées. La méthode numérique « steepest descent » de White et al est alors adaptée. Cette méthode de calcul permet plusieurs hypothèses sur les températures internes : rotation, vibration et excitation électronique.
Les méthodes de calculs basées sur la minimisation de l'enthalpie libre, sur les lois d'action de masse, sur une approche cinétique dans le cas des plasmas hors d'équilibre thermique sont comparées. Les deux premières méthodes donnent des résultats identiques mais diffèrent de la troisième. Le calcul des constantes d'équilibre chimique est alors modifié ce qui permet de déterminer la composition des plasmas hors d'équilibre thermique et chimique.
Les calculs sont appliqués à de nombreux plasmas ayant un rapport direct avec les applications industrielles, ou générés à partir de mélanges de gaz étudiés expérimentalement au laboratoire :
• disjoncteurs : plasmas de vapeurs d'isolants (PE, POM, PETP, PMMA, PA6-6)
• détection des composés polluants émis lors de la combustion du charbon (HAP)
• mélange Ar-CO2, O2, N2, H2.
De nombreux développements peuvent être envisagés, par exemple :
• système polyphasique (solide, liquide)
• calcul du déséquilibre thermique en fonction du champ électrique
André, Pascal. "Etude de la composition et des proprietes thermodynamiques des plasmas thermiques a l'equilibre et hors d'equilibre thermodynamique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21771.
Full textSaint-Jours, Catherine. "Thermodynamique des mélanges polyanioniques liquides à base d'oxydes : modélisation thermodynamique et mesures de capacité en soufre." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0054.
Full textSaint-Jours, Catherine. "Thermodynamique des mélanges polyanioniques liquides à base d'oxydes modélisation thermodynamique et mesures de capacités en soufre /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618395v.
Full textNascimbène, Sylvain. "Thermodynamique des gaz de fermions ultrafroids." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491711.
Full textMail, Rachad el. "Contribution thermodynamique à l’étude de fluorotellurates." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0023.
Full textBertin, Maxime. "Fatigue thermodynamique de multicouches polymère/composite." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESMA0001.
Full textFast filling of hydrogen pressure vessels leads to a simultaneous increase of gas temperature and stresses. An instrumented thermomechanical fatigue test bench has been developed to simulate fast filling on flat coupons made of polymer/composite multilayers. Thermal validation of this test bench shows that polyurethane is an efficient insulating material. Study of multilayers with different stacking sequences has shown a harmful influence of temperature and of a constant stress level stage on multilayer behaviour and that alternation of different orientation layers in the composite part is beneficial for the multilayer. A stacking sequence "representative" of vessel life service has been optimized by analytical and finites elements calculations to reach the same maximum stress levels in flat coupon tested on test bench than maximum stress levels reached in pressure vessel. Thermomechanical fatigue on this stacking sequence leads to lower fatigue life than 1Hz mechanical fatigue. Observation on flat coupons submitted to thermomechanical fatigue tests shows damage localization in the most heated part of the composite. Moreover, thermomechanical fatigue tests lead preferentially to delimitations comparatively to results obtained with 1Hz mechanical fatigue tests. Displacements fields measured in "representative" flat coupon by digital image correlation method show high shear strain localization between different plies and a significant viscoelastic behaviour of composite part, reinforced by thermal cycling, which could explain observed damage
Rebouillon, Pierre. "Thermodynamique du système or-bismuth-plomb." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11256.
Full textTchissambot-Goma, Urbain. "Description thermodynamique du système fer-zinc." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10004.
Full textJarry, Philippe. "Thermodynamique et rhéologie des silicates fondus." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066189.
Full textSaurel, Jean-Louis. "Etude thermodynamique d'une famille d'élastomères thermoplastiques." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20069.
Full textPITTET, NICOLAS. "Thermodynamique et structure de la mousse." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13011.
Full textTchissambot-Goma, Urbain. "Description thermodynamique du système fer-zinc." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618809t.
Full textVroylandt, Hadrien. "Thermodynamique et fluctuations des petites machines." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS244/document.
Full textSmall machines -- like molecular motors or active particles -- operate in highly fluctuating environments that affect their efficiency and power. This thesis aims at describing small machines using stochastic thermodynamics and large deviation theory. By relating mean currents to thermodynamic forces, locally first and then at the global level, we introduce the non-equilibrium conductance matrix that generalizes the Onsager matrix for stationary non-equilibrium systems. We use it to bound machine efficiency by a universal function depending only on the degree of coupling between input and output currents and to find new general power-efficiency trade-offs. On the fluctuations side, the non-equilibrium conductance matrix can be used to find a quadratic bound on the large deviation function of currents. This enables to revisit the fluctuation-dissipation theorem as an inequality when dealing with far-from-equilibrium systems, but also to derive bounds on the efficiency large deviation function. Finally, we study the effects of ergodicity breaking on the fluctuations of observables like activity, currents or efficiency. In particular, we derive the efficiency large deviation function for a model of interacting nanomachines, for which tight coupling and ergodicity breaking emerge in the thermodynamic limit
Magne, Patrice. "La théorie marxienne et la thermodynamique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010046.
Full textThe « marxist » theory appears unable to show the richness of Marx and Engels works. We call their works as the « marxian » theory. This theorical corpus is feed explicitly and implicitly by natural sciences. For instance, thermodynamics propose a vue of the world compatible with the one proposed by marx and engels. First time, we showed the connexions between the thermodynamics and the marxian theory. This one has been elaborated inside a thermodynamical paradigm which conquered all the social thought and reality during the 19th century. The works of marx and engels was impregnated with this paradigm. We can see it in their large correspondance on natural sciences. Thermodynamics show through several indications in the marx's economic works. The principles of conservation and degradation of energy are widely srudied by engels in his dialectic of the nature and his anti-duhring. Thermodynamics have a concrete translation in the marx's economic works. In our second part, we analyse the working strengh concept in the light of energy conservation principle. This analysis pushed us to study the works of the ukrainian sergei podolinsky who tried to convince marx of the utility of a rapprochement with the energy science. This attempt of mesuring work by energy has not been carried out. An ecoenergetical tradition slowly grew up. E. Sacher made ecoenergetical works which restarted the ideas of podolinsky. W. Ostwald created the energetical monism which attracted some marxists (bogdanov and bukharin). That tradition had two last defensors, smit and klepikov, who tried, in the reign of lenin, to elaborate a theory of the fixing of wages by the energetical content of human labour. Our third part aims to show the correspondance between the marxian vision of the evolution of societies, and the entropy principle extracted from the energy degradation principle. Our analysis permited us to show that the marxian direction of history is inspired by the hegelian philosophy, the entropy principle and the darwinian evolutionarism. So, the historical materialism generate a thermo-hegelian-darwinian evolution principle
Rycerz, Leszek. "Caractérisation des systèmes solides et liquides LnX3 and LnX3-MX à haute température (Ln=Lanthanide, M=Alcalin, X=Halogène) : propriétés thermodynamiques et conductivité électrique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11054.
Full textThermodynamic properties of eighteen lanthanide halides were determined. These thermodynamic properties depend on the lanthanide atomic number and on the crystal structure. Thermodynamic functions were calculated up to 1300 K on the basis of these new experimental results. Thermodynamic properties of the congruently melting M3LnX6 compounds, which exist in the LnX3-MX binary systems, were determined. All these compounds undergo the order - disorder transition in the cationic sublattice formed by alkali metal cations. Mixing enthalpy measurements were performed on many LnX3-MX liquid systems. The influence of lanthanide ionic radius and of alkali metal ionic radius on thermodynamic properties of lanthanide - alkali metal halide systems was evidenced. The possibility of complex formation in these melts was discussed
Jacquemin, Johan. "Etude thermodynamique de liquides ioniques non aqueux." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693921.
Full textNagels-Silvert, Virginie. "Spectroscopie X de plasmas hors équilibre thermodynamique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001025.
Full textVan, Der Beek Cornelis Jacominus. "Thermodynamique des vortex dans les supraconducteurs désordonnés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483670.
Full textLecomte, Vivien. "Thermodynamique des histoires et fluctuations hors d'équilibre." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198144.
Full textDans une première partie, nous adaptons le formalisme de Ruelle au cas des systèmes markoviens en temps continu. Il apparaît que tous les concepts de la théorie (fonction de partition dynamique, pression topologique) s'obtiennent comme des fonctions de grandes déviations de certaines observables extensives en temps. Nous développons une approche en champ moyen, basée sur la construction d'une énergie libre dynamique à la Landau-Ginzburg, dont découlent toutes les observables de la théorie. Nous exposons également un algorithme qui permet de les évaluer en dimension finie. L'application de ces méthodes à des modèles de verres montre que l'état stationnaire de ces systèmes est situé exactement au point d'une transition de phase dynamique du premier ordre (entre deux phases active et inactive) ce qui justifie l'image heuristique de coexistence de phase dynamique proposée pour décrire ces modèles.
La seconde partie traite spécifiquement des fluctuations de courant dans des systèmes pour lesquels peu de résultats généraux sont disponibles : (i) un modèle de spins très loin de l'équilibre au contact de deux bains thermiques, (ii) un modèle d'exclusion symétrique en dimension 1, (iii) des exemples de systèmes superdiffusifs. Dans tous ces systèmes, nous déterminons le comportement en loi de puissance de la fonction de grandes déviations et, lorsque c'est possible, la fonction de grandes déviations elle-même ou les fonctions d'échelles qui correspondent à différents régimes de courant.
Apertet, Yann. "Réflexions sur l'optimisation thermodynamique des générateurs thermoélectriques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942393.
Full textApertet, Yann. "Réflexions sur l’optimisation thermodynamique des générateurs thermoélectriques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112322/document.
Full textThermoelectric phenomena are a way to directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy; they thus are at the heart of several researches in the field of energy conversion. The optimization of the thermoelectric generators includes materials improvement but a reflection on their working conditions is also mandatory. The contribution of the thermal contacts between the generator and the heat reservoirs is a factor that will change the optimum operating conditions of the generator. Using the concept of convective heat flow, developed by Thomson more than 150 years ago, we generalize the classical expression of maximum power conditions. Moreover, we note that these conditions may be reduced to impedance matching conditions, both thermal and electrical. In addition to its practical interest, the thermoelectric generator is also an ideal model system to study the theory of coupled transport and of irreversible phenomena. Using the description of this system given by Ioffe, we show that the maximum power efficiency, a coefficient of performance at the heart of finite time thermodynamics, expressed as a simple function of the system parameters. The novelty of this work is based on a proper consideration of internal dissipation associated with the energy conversion process. The results are then generalized to other thermal engines such as the Feynman ratchet
SUBE, STEPHANE. "Transfert de raies hors equilibre thermodynamique local." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112469.
Full textLALLEMAND, THIERRY. "Modelisation thermodynamique des melanges methanol - eau - hydrocarbures." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22051.
Full textChomdej, Pawarej. "Élaboration d'un modèle thermodynamique robuste de turboréacteur." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ESAE0009.
Full textROBY, FRANCOIS. "Thermodynamique et lois d'echelles appliquees aux polymeres." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13196.
Full textNabot, Jean-Philippe. "Analyse thermodynamique du système or-indium-plomb." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0040.
Full textGuilie, Christian. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de l'injection thermodynamique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605655h.
Full textNabot, Jean-Philippe. "Analyse thermodynamique du système or-indium-plomb." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608284q.
Full textYefsah, Tarik. "Thermodynamique du gaz de Bose à deux dimensions." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737502.
Full textJanghorban, Amin. "Etude thermodynamique et structurale du système Ce-Pt." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498847.
Full textGmira, Ahmed. "Etude structurale et thermodynamique d'hydrates modèle du ciment." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006001.
Full textHoang, Ngoc Ha. "Approche thermodynamique pour la stabilisation des réacteurs chimiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10244.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to propose new nonlinear control strategies for the stabilization of perfectly Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR). To achieve this goal, we use on the one hand, the entropic thermodynamic approach. More precisely, we use the thermodynamic availability concept and the properties of irreversible thermodynamics to define a Lyapunov function candidate for the stabilization of the closed loop system. We also propose a reduced availability function to design more efficient feedback laws in term of control variable solicitations. On the other hand, we propose an extension of the (pseudo) Hamiltonian formalism associated to dissipative systems to open chemical reactors. We show that the Hamiltonian is linked to the Gibbs free enthalpy in the isothermal case and to ectropy (opposed to entropy) in the non isothermal case. By this formalism, the dissipation of the system represents the irreversible entropy production due to chemical reaction. The Interconnection and Damping Assignment-Passivity Based Control (IDA-PBC) approach is then applied to synthesize feedback laws by choosing the thermodynamic availability as desired closed loop hamiltonian storage function. Finally, we show that feedback laws synthetized by the entropic thermodynamic approach and the pseudo-hamiltonian formulation are equivalent in some cases. Some stabilization properties and the control input admissibility are also considered. Theoretical developments are illustrated on some different CSTR examples : an academic case study and the acid catalyzed hydration of oxirane-methanol to glycerol
Bracq, Guillaume. "Thermodynamique et comportement mécanique de matériaux multi-composants." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1049/document.
Full textFor a long time, development of alloys was restricted to one principal element, or two, with minor elements added for performance optimization. In 2004, a new concept of materials was born: multi-component alloys forming a solid-solution and in which all components are very concentrated. These new alloys, named high entropy alloys, can combine high mechanical resistance and large ductility. By definition this new material concept should make it possible to explore an almost infinite field of chemical compositions. But in the meantime, the thermodynamic stability of these systems was poorly known and severely limits the choice of alloy compositions. In this context, the first objective of this study was to fully determine the composition range of existence of a unique fcc solid solution within the multi-component Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system. To address this problem, the phase stability was theoretically and experimentally investigated. Using the Calphad approach and a new database (TCHEA-1), the stable phases of 10 626 compositions could be calculated, at several temperatures. The comparison between calculation and experimental results indicates that the fcc solid solution is accurately described by this database. Finally, it was shown that the fcc phase is stable over a wide range of composition, which was completely described. Now, it is possible to choose a priori a composition which will form a solid solution within this system. The heat of mixing of the fcc phase were compared between density functional theory (DFT) and Calphad calculations for binaries, ternaries, quaternaries and quinary systems. Significant differences were found with the predictions made by the TCHEA-1 database. In addition, these calculations have highlighted the absence of ternary and quaternary interaction for the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system. However, the influence of the composition on the fcc solid solution strengthening was not fully understood, which limits mechanical optimization. So, the evolution of structural and mechanical properties of multi-components alloys was experimentally investigated. Several alloys from the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system forming a unique fcc solid solution were processed. The lattice parameter was measured by XRD while the hardness and elastic modulus were measured by nano-indentation. The role of each element on the mechanical behaviour is presented. Finally, a model to assess the solid solution strengthening for this system is studied
Rahmani, Mustapha Amine. "Gestion de l'énergie d'une micro-centrale solaire thermodynamique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT077/document.
Full textThis Ph.D thesis was prepared in the scope of the MICROSOL project, ledby Schneider Electric, that aims at developing Off-grid solar thermodynamic micro powerplants exploiting the solar thermal energy. The aim of this thesis being the development of innovative and efficient control strategies for the energy management of two kinds of solar thermodynamic micro power plants: based on Stirling engine and based and Organic RankineCycle (ORC) machines.In a first part, we consider the Stirling based solar thermodynamic micro power planthybridized with a supercapacitor as an energy buffer. Within this framework, we propose afirst experimentally validated control strategy, associated to the energy conversion system ofthe Stirling engine, that endows the system with quasi optimal performances in term of settlingtime enabling the size reduction of the supercapacitor. A second control strategy that handlesexplicitly the system constraints while providing the system with optimal performances interm of settling time , is also proposed. This control strategy is in fact more than a simplecontroller, it is a control framework that holds for a family of energy conversion systems.In a second part, we consider the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based thermodynamicmicro power plant hybridized with a battery bank as an energy buffer. Since this system worksat constant speed for the asynchronous generator electrically connected to a commercial energyconversion system, we propose a model predictive controller that acts on the thermodynamicpart of this system to move from an operating point to another, during the load power demandtransients, as fast as possible (to reduce the size of the battery banks) while respecting thephysical system constraints. The developed predictive controller is based upon a dynamicmodel, for the ORC power plant, identified experimentally thanks to an adequate nonlinearidentification algorithm
Gmira, Ahmed. "Etude texturale et thermodynamique d'hydrates modèles du ciment." Orléans, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006001.
Full textBerrekhis, El Mostafa. "Contribution à l’étude thermodynamique des hexaidotellurates IV alcalins." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0076.
Full textChoukroun, Mathieu. "Étude expérimentale et thermodynamique des hydrates sous pression." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2086.
Full textIntense photochemical processes preclude the persistence of Titan’s current atmospheric methane abundance over 100 million years. Dissociation of an internal methane clathrate hydrates reservoir is a likely replenishment mechanism. As the presence of ammonia has long been suggested on Titan, high pressure – low temperature experiments have been conducted in the H2O-NH3, H2O-CH4, and H2O-NH3-CH4 systems to bring new constraints on this process. New experimental data on the melting of ices in the H2O-NH3 and H2O-NH3-CH4 systems have been acquired, which allowed developing first a thermodynamic model of ices and liquid water, and then a model of the effect of ammonia on liquid water’s activity. Experiments on the dissociation of methane clathrate hydrates in H2O-CH4 have shown its dependence on two effects : presence of nitrogen and low methane contents of the samples (below 0. 2-0. 3%) induce a decrease in the dissociation temperature of up to 15 K and 40 K, respectively. Dissociation data obtained in the ternary system H2O-NH3-CH4 suggest a significant impact of ammonia. A model of cryovolcanism applicable to Titan is proposed. It suggests that the dissociation of a superficial clathrate layer, due to interactions with cryomagmas originating from the melting of ammonia hydrates, could sustain the atmospheric methane current abundances over periods as long as 2 billion years. Episodic cryovolcanism during Titan’s history could explain the current methane amounts in its atmosphere
Mosbah, Smaïne. "Thermodynamique des mélanges CO₂-hydrocarbure sous haute pression." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112284.
Full textRozier, Sylvie. "Le raisonnement linéaire causal en thermodynamique classique élémentaire." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077225.
Full textReynier, Yvan. "Thermodynamique et cinétique d'électrodes pour batteries lithium-ion." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0039.
Full textStructural changes in lithium ion battery electrodes are a central issue to understand their electrochemical behavior. In this study a new system using the open circuit voltage evolution as a function of temperature was developed to measure the thermodynamics of lithium intercalation. X-ray diffractometry was also used to correlate the thermodynamic profiles to the structure. Clear results also showed that liquid like stage 2 appears at LiC24. The effect of the graphitization degree on lithium intercalation was also considered and clarified. The hexagonal phase in LixCoO2 was found to extend up to x~0. 83 instead of 0. 75 as previously thought. A detailed survey of the possible sources of entropy was carried out for this compound. The effect of over stoichiometry in LiMn2O4 was also studied. The open circuit voltage method can give valuable information on the structural evolution of electrode materials and is easy to setup, making it an interesting mean of structural characterization
Grigorova, Veneta. "Analyse thermodynamique de la synthèse des matériaux inorganiques." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2043.
Full textIn the present dissertation we developed a methods for a thermodynamical analysis and control of a synthesis of new materials in a solid state. We based it on the abilities of the irreversible processes thermodynamics and on the experimental analysis techniques (such as DSC-TG, XRD, SEM, etc. ). We applied that methods to two kinds of problems with a practical application: i) the LiCoPO4 synthesis; and ii) the PdSe2, PdTe2 and PtTe2 phase transitions under high pressure. Thanks to our study we prepared a pure LiCoPO4 with average particle size of 0. 5µm. Moreover, we got the ability to prognosticate its particle size, obtained in a random thermal regime. Concerning the second problem we found the phase transition order under high pressure of the PdSe2, the PdTe2 and the PtTe2: first order one and no phase transition respectively. We also explored the phases stabilities in respect of pressure and temperature
Delafosse, David. "Couplage thermodynamique et vieillissement dynamique en rupture ductile /." Châtillon : Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35837286v.
Full textMosbah, Smaïne. "Thermodynamique des mélanges CO-hydrocarbures sous haute pression." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608172f.
Full textRozier, Sylvie. "Le Raisonnement linéaire causal en thermodynamique classique élémentaire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376183141.
Full textHaddou, Marie. "Complexes de polyélectrolytes : Morphologies, cinétique et thermodynamique d'assemblage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0031.
Full textComplexes of polyelectrolytes (PECs) are oppositely charged polymers assemblies held together by electrostatic interaction. As the non-covalent assembly of macromolecules/colloids in solution has been thoroughly investigated over the last decade with a particular emphasis put on the morphology of the final aggregates as a function of the building blocks-chemistry, the objective of this thesis is to come to a better understanding of the influence of interaction strength between polyelectrolytes on complexes morphologies, as well as kinetics and thermodynamics of the complexation. For this study, weakly and strongly interacting systems given rise to coacervate and precipitate phases has been elected. Those systems have been studied on a wide charge ratio scale (Z[+]/[-]) to span several physical states of the PECs (soluble and colloidal PECs, dense phases). Morphologies of assemblies are assessed by microscopy (optical, fluorescence, atomic force) and scattering techniques (neutron, light). Kinetics and thermodynamics of the complexation process are studied by use of a stopped-flow mixing device and an isothermal titration calorimeter. Results gave us keys to discriminate strongly interacting systems from weakly interacting ones. In particular, the ‘strong systems’ are showed to be non-equilibrium assemblies, ie. the formulation pathway or the way these different macromolecules are coming into contact is then a key step. Another important aspect that could explain the complexation process behavior is the hydration energy of the polyelectrolytes. Calorimetry measurements have been performed for numerous polyelectrolytes and then correlated to complexes properties
Lara, Cruz José Luiz. "Caractérisation thermodynamique des ELV HPHT dans les saumures." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3016/document.
Full textThis thesis was part of the FONGEOSEC project, which aims to develop the deep geothermal energy sector in France through the the design of a geothermal power pilot plant on the Upper Rhine Graben. This project is controled by Fonroche Géothermie, which manages a consortitium of more than ten academic and industrial partners. The French Environment & Energy Management Agency (ADEME) participates at the fundings of the project.Therefore, the work exposed in this document concerns the thermodynamic characterisation of geothermal fluids (hot brines containing dissolved gases) from the target region of this project. It is thus necessary to determine the solubility of each gas dissolved in these brines at the pressure, temperature and salinity conditions of geothermal energy exploitation.Thermodynamic models that predict liquid-vapour phase equilibrium can be used to estimate these solubilities. However, if there is a lack of experimental measures on the pressure, temperature and salinity conditions of interest, it will not be possible to regress these models interaction parameters and, therefore, it will be difficult to have precise solubility results from these thermodynamic simulations. Thus, this thesis has focused on the experimental study of gas solubilities in brines representing the Upper Rhine Graben fluids. The pressure range of the FONGEOSEC project goes from 6.0 MPa to 40.0 MPa for temperatures of 333.15 K and 453.15 K. The experimental setup used on this thesis can operate at these conditions. Dissolved gases in the brines concerned by this project are mainly composed by carbon dioxyde (CO2), and then by nitrgen (N2) and methane (CH4) at lower quantitites. Dissolved salts in these fluids are basically chloride sodium and chloride calcium, at molalities of 1.2 mol NaCl-0.2 mol CaCl2.Kg H2O-1.On the scope of this thesis, we have performed the experimental determination of carbon dioxyde solubility in Upper Rhine Graben-type brines at the pressure and temperature conditions of the FONGEOSEC project. We propose a discussion about an analysis methodology for measuring nitrogen and methane solubility in aqueous phases. We also observed that at the pressure and temperature conditions found at the bottom of the production well, carbon dioxyde solubility in the Upper Rhine Graben-type brines reaches its highest value among all the conditions studied in this thesis. A salting-out effect study in these brines is also proposed in this document. Finally, it is noticed that the Pitzer model (Pitzer.dat at PhreeqC) seems to predict properly our experimental data at 333.15 K, but it is less efficient at 453.15 K. In this condition, the E-NRTL model (Simulis®) seems to be more appropriate
Jesslé, Didier. "Quelques résultats mathématiques en thermodynamique des fluides compressibles." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860854.
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