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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermoelectric conversion of energy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Kajitani, Tsuyoshi, Yuzuru Miyazaki, Kei Hayashi, Kunio Yubuta, X. Y. Huang, and W. Koshibae. "Thermoelectric Energy Conversion and Ceramic Thermoelectrics." Materials Science Forum 671 (January 2011): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.671.1.

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Oxide thermoelectrics are relatively new materials that are workable at temperatures in the range of 400K≤T≤1200K. There are several types of thermoelectric oxide, namely, cobalt oxides (p-type semi-conductors), manganese oxides (n-type) and zinc oxides (n-type semi-conductors) for high temperature energy harvesting. The Seebeck coefficient of 3d metal oxide thermoelectrics is relatively high due to either high density of states at Fermi surfaces or spin entropy flow associated with the carrier flow. The spin entropy part dominates the Seebeck coefficient of 3d-metal oxides at temperatures above 300K. Introduction of impurity particles or quantum-well structures to enhance thermionic emission and energy filtering effects for the oxide semiconductors may lead to a significant improvement of thermoelectric performance.

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2

Ohnaka, Itsuo, and Kaoru Kimura. "Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Materials." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 63, no. 11 (1999): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.63.11_1367.

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3

Ohta, Tokio. "Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Technology." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 116, no. 3 (1996): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.116.3_196.

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4

Matsubara, Kakuei. "Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Technology." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 116, no. 3 (1996): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.116.3_202.

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5

Liang, Jiasheng, Tuo Wang, Pengfei Qiu, Shiqi Yang, Chen Ming, Hongyi Chen, Qingfeng Song, et al. "Flexible thermoelectrics: from silver chalcogenides to full-inorganic devices." Energy & Environmental Science 12, no. 10 (2019): 2983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ee01777a.

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Flexible thermoelectrics is a synergy of flexible electronics and thermoelectric energy conversion. In this work, we fabricated flexible full-inorganic thermoelectric power generation modules based on doped silver chalcogenides.

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6

Wood, C. "Materials for thermoelectric energy conversion." Reports on Progress in Physics 51, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 459–539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/51/4/001.

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7

Toshima, Naoki. "Metal nanoparticles for energy conversion." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 2 (January 21, 2013): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-08-17.

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Energy has emerged as a strategic priority not only in research but also in all aspects of human lives. Most worldwide problems could be solved if energy were plentiful. In order to solve the energy problem, the following methods could be applicable: the creation of electricity from renewable energy resources, increase in conversion efficiency from fossil fuels to electricity, recovery of electricity from exhaust heat energy, and reduction of energy consumption. Nanotechnologies have already shown good promise in addressing and offering solutions in these priority areas. Here, we have demonstrated the application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) to electrocatalysts for the polyelectrolyte fuel cell (increase in conversion efficiency) and to additives to form hybrids with organic thermoelectric materials of conducting polymers (recovery of energy from exhaust heat). Thus, Pt monometallic and AuPt bimetallic NPs were used for electrocatalysts with high performance, and Pt and Au NPs were applied to hybrid thermoelectric materials to fabricate hybrid films with increasing thermoelectric performance for conversion of the exhaust heat near room temperature.

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8

Zhang, Zhe, Yuqi Zhang, Xiaomei Sui, Wenbin Li, and Daochun Xu. "Performance of Thermoelectric Power-Generation System for Sufficient Recovery and Reuse of Heat Accumulated at Cold Side of TEG with Water-Cooling Energy Exchange Circuit." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 5542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215542.

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Aiming to reduce thermal energy loss at the cold side of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) module during thermoelectric conversion, a thermoelectric energy conversion system for heat recovery with a water-cooling energy exchange circuit was devised. The water-cooling energy exchange circuit realized sufficient recovery and reuse of heat accumulated at the cold side of the TEG, reduced the danger of heat accumulation, improved the stability and output capacity of thermoelectric conversion, and provided a low-cost and high-yield energy conversion strategy in energy conversion and utilization. Through the control variable method to adjust the heat generation of the heat source in the thermoelectric conversion, critical parameters (e.g., inner resistance of the TEG, temperatures of thermoelectric modules, temperature differences, output current, voltage, power, and efficiency of thermoelectric conversion) were analyzed and discussed. After using the control variable method to change the ratio of load resistance and internal resistance, the impacts of the ratio of load resistance to inner resistance of the TEG on the entire energy conversion process were elaborated. The results showed that the maximum value of output reached 397.47 mV with a current of 105.56 mA, power of 41.96 mW, and energy conversion efficiency of 1.16%. The power density of the TEG module is 26.225 W/m2. The stability and practicality of the system with a water-cooling energy exchange circuit were demonstrated, providing an effective strategy for the recovery and utilization of heat energy loss in the thermoelectric conversion process.

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9

Fedorov, Mikhail I., and Grigory N. Isachenko. "Silicides: Materials for thermoelectric energy conversion." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 54, no. 7S2 (June 30, 2015): 07JA05. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.54.07ja05.

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10

Tanimura, Toshinobu, Hisaakira Imaizumi, Kiyoharu Sasaki, and Kanichi Kadotani. "Thermoelectric Energy Conversion for Small Incinerator." Materia Japan 38, no. 10 (1999): 772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.38.772.

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11

Muhamad Zuhud, Andrya, Facta Mochammad, and Widayat Widayat. "Thermoelectric application in energy conservation." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187301009.

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In the becoming years, energy demand is expected to grow faster than current needs. Thermoelectric technology works through conversion process from heat energy into electricity directly and vice versa. Thermoelectric device that use for energy conversion from heat into electrical is known as thermoelectric generator (TEG). TEG is made of Bismuth Telluride, Lead Telluride and Silicon Germanium compound which contains figure of merit (ZT). In term of applications, TEG is possible to be applied in extreme condition such as a power supply in the space mission, harvesting heat from transportation vehicle, and getting waste heat from industrial sector. Furthermore thermoelectric generation is possible also to be applied as a micro power generation system which is very useful for electrical source for residential installation. In this paper, a brief review of above applications is presented. Early developed research investigation is carried out for application of thermoelectric generator in residential installation by using biomass wooden-fuel stove. The early result shows that there are amount of heat emitted from the side cylinder cook stove as energy waste. There is a chance and possibility to harvest energy waste in the stove to become electric source and finally this related research effort will increase the efficiency of the electric stove in energy conversion.

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12

Wang, Jun, Cong Huang, and Peng Yuan Jiang. "Research on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion System for Controller in Magnetic Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.390.

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In order to prevent damage caused by instantaneous power failure to high-speed equipment, the thermoelectric energy conversion system for controller of magnetic bearing is studied. The heat source is used by the power loss of supply modules and the cold source is used by heat conduction aluminum block. The semiconductor thermoelectric generator produces direct-current working voltage between heat source and cold source. The overall design method of the energy conversion system is presented. The theory and design of circuits to thermoelectric energy generator, voltage regulator and charging for lithium polymer battery are analyzed. The experiment results show that this thermoelectric energy generator system is feasible and effective. The circuit can be adapted to change in output power due to temperature difference at both ends of the thermoelectric module. It achieves energy storage of the recovery from thermoelectric generator.

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13

MohanKumar, Palanisamy, Veluru Jagadeesh Babu, Arjun Subramanian, Aishwarya Bandla, Nitish Thakor, Seeram Ramakrishna, and He Wei. "Thermoelectric Materials—Strategies for Improving Device Performance and Its Medical Applications." Sci 1, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1020037.

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Thermoelectrics, in particular solid-state conversion of heat to electricity and vice versa, is expected to be a key energy harvesting and temperature management solution in coming years. There has been a resurgence in the search for new materials for advanced thermoelectric energy conversion applications and to enhance the properties of existing materials. In this paper, we review recent efforts on improving figure-of-merit (ZT) through alloying and nano structuring. As heatsink characteristics dictate the performance of thermoelectric modules, various types of heatsink designs has been investigated. Several reported strategies for improving ZT are critically assessed. A notable increase in figure-of-merit of thermoelectric materials (TE) has opened up new areas of applications especially in the medical field. Peltier cooling devices are widely employed for patient core temperature control, skin cooling, medical device and laboratory equipment cooling. Application of these devices in the medical field both in temperature control and power generation has been studied in detail. It is envisioned that this study will provide profound knowledge on the thermoelectric based materials and its role in medical applications.

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14

Yang, Jihui, and Thierry Caillat. "Thermoelectric Materials for Space and Automotive Power Generation." MRS Bulletin 31, no. 3 (March 2006): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2006.49.

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AbstractHistorically, thermoelectric technology has only occupied niche areas, such as the radioisotope thermoelectric generators for NASA's spacecrafts, where the low cooling coefficient of performance (COP) and energy-conversion efficiency are outweighed by the application requirements.Recent materials advances and an increasing awareness of energy and environmental conservation issues have rekindled prospects for automotive and other applications of thermoelectric materials.This article reviews thermoelectric energy-conversion technology for radioisotope space power systems and several proposed applications of thermoelectric waste-heat recovery devices in the automotive industry.

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15

Kajikawa, Takenobu. "Highest Efficiency Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion." Materia Japan 35, no. 11 (1996): 1208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.35.1208.

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16

ISHIDA, Takao. "Organic Thermoelectric Conversion Materials for Energy Harvesting." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 67, no. 7 (2016): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.67.344.

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17

Koumoto, Kunihito, Mitsuhide Shimohigoshi, Shunji Takeda, and Hiroaki Yanagida. "Thermoelectric energy conversion by porous SiC ceramics." Journal of Materials Science Letters 6, no. 12 (December 1987): 1453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01689320.

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18

Chen, Gang. "Thermoelectric Energy Conversion: Materials, Devices, and Systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 660 (December 10, 2015): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012066.

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19

Tawfik, A. "Thermoelectric energy conversion of Cu doped ferrite." Thermochimica Acta 196, no. 2 (February 1992): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(92)80110-i.

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20

Tawfik, A. "Thermoelectric energy conversion of Cu doped ferrite." Thermochimica Acta 198, no. 2 (April 1992): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(92)85097-f.

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21

Hwu, Kuo-Ing, Yeu-Torng Yau, and Ming-Lung Hsieh. "Thermoelectric Energy Conversion System With Multiple Inputs." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 2 (February 2020): 1603–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2924037.

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22

Woo, Byung Chul, and Hee Woong Lee. "Relation Between Electric Power and Temperature Difference for Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2003): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019095.

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The thermoelectric generation is the direct energy conversion method from heat to electric power. The conversion method is a very useful utilization of waste energy because of its possibility using a thermal energy below 423K. This research objective is to establish the thermoelectric technology on an optimum system design method and efficiency, and cost effective thermoelectric element in order to extract the maximum electric power from a wasted hot water. This paper is considered in manufacturing a thermoelectric generator and manufacturing of thermoelectric generator with 32 thermoelectric modules. It was also found that the electric voltage of thermoelectric generator with 32 modules slowly changed along temperature differences and the maximum power of thermoelectric generator using thermoelectric generating modules can be defined as temperature function.

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23

Chen, Xin, and Helmut Baumgart. "Advances in Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Nanolaminate Synthesis of Thermoelectric Films in Porous Templates for Improved Seebeck Coefficient." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061283.

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Thermoelectrics is a green renewable energy technology which can significantly contribute to power generation due to its potential in generating electricity out of waste heat. The main challenge for the development of thermoelectrics is its low conversion efficiency. One key strategy to improve conversion efficiency is reducing the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials. In this paper, the state-of-the-art progresses made in improving thermoelectric materials are reviewed and discussed, focusing on phononic engineering via applying porous templates and ALD deposited nanolaminates structure. The effect of nanolaminates structure and porous templates on Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and hence in figure of merit zT of different types of materials system, including PnCs, lead chalcogenide-based nanostructured films on planar and porous templates, ZnO-based superlattice, and hybrid organic-inorganic superlattices, will be reviewed and discussed.

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24

He, Jian, and Terry M. Tritt. "Advances in thermoelectric materials research: Looking back and moving forward." Science 357, no. 6358 (September 28, 2017): eaak9997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aak9997.

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High-performance thermoelectric materials lie at the heart of thermoelectrics, the simplest technology applicable to direct thermal-to-electrical energy conversion. In its recent 60-year history, the field of thermoelectric materials research has stalled several times, but each time it was rejuvenated by new paradigms. This article reviews several potentially paradigm-changing mechanisms enabled by defects, size effects, critical phenomena, anharmonicity, and the spin degree of freedom. These mechanisms decouple the otherwise adversely interdependent physical quantities toward higher material performance. We also briefly discuss a number of promising materials, advanced material synthesis and preparation techniques, and new opportunities. The renewable energy landscape will be reshaped if the current trend in thermoelectric materials research is sustained into the foreseeable future.

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25

Park, C. W., and M. Kaviany. "Combustion-Thermoelectric Tube." Journal of Heat Transfer 122, no. 4 (June 5, 2000): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1318210.

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In direct combustion-thermoelectric energy conversion, direct fuel injection and reciprocation of the air flowing in a solid matrix are combined with the solid-gas interfacial heat transfer and the solid conduction to allow for obtaining superadiabatic temperatures at the hot junctions. While the solid conductivity is necessary, the relatively large thermal conductivity of the available high-temperature thermoelectric materials (e.g., Si–Ge alloys) results in a large conduction loss from the hot junctions and deteriorates the performance. Here, a combustion-thermoelectric tube is introduced and analyzed. Radially averaged temperatures are used for the fluid and solid phases. A combination of external cooling of the cold junctions, and direct injection of the fuel, has been used to increase the energy conversion efficiency for low thermal conductivity, high-melting temperature thermoelectric materials. The parametric study (geometry, flow, stoichiometry, materials) shows that with the current high figure of merit, high temperature Si0.7Ge0.3 properties, a conversion efficiency of about 11 percent is achievable. With lower thermal conductivities for these high-temperature materials, efficiencies about 25 percent appear possible. This places this energy conversion in line with the other high efficiency, direct, electric power generation methods. [S0022-1481(00)01304-9]

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26

Feng, Kai, Ling Xu, Yan Xiong, Lin Sun, Huayang Yu, Mengying Wu, Aye Aye Thant, and Bin Hu. "PEDOT:PSS and Ni-based thermoelectric generator for solar thermal energy conversion." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 11 (2020): 3914–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc06277g.

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We used an inexpensive and effective way to improve the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS, which has the highest power factor of up to 330.597 μW m⁻¹. Overall data shows that the Ni film is relatively stable as an n-type material, with Ni as an n-leg in the thermoelectric module. We fabricated a thermoelectric generator to explore the photothermal conversion process of solar energy.

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27

Steinhoff, Timon, Mario Wolf, Florian Nürnberger, Gregory Gerstein, and Armin Feldhoff. "Evaluation of Cu-Ni-Based Alloys for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.107.

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The recent revitalization of Ioffe plots (entropy conductivity versus electrical conductivity) reminds us that Isotan (Cu55Ni44Mn1) is an outstanding thermoelectric material with a power factor of up to 60 W cm-1 K-2 at a specific electrical conductivity of almost 20,000 S cm-1 at elevated temperature. Even though, Isotan is widely used in thermoelements for temperature measurement, its high open-circuited thermal conductivity of approximately 70 W cm-1 K-2 [1] hindered further research as a promising thermoelectric material. Isotan was chosen as a starting composition. Influence of partial substitution of Cu and Ni with heavy elements (Sn,W) on the thermoelectric properties was studied. The alloys were fabricated by arc-melting and microstructurally characterized for grain size and elemental composition by scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDXS). Lattice symmetry and parameters were estimated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Functional properties as Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and power factor were used to evaluate the thermoelectric performance.

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28

Li, Kun, and Han He. "Generating Device Based on Theory of Semiconductor Thermoelectric Generation." Advanced Materials Research 722 (July 2013): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.722.292.

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The semiconductor thermoelectric generator is a thermoelectric conversion device and is produced according to See back effect of the semiconductor. As a special energy conversion way, its advantages are obvious, with significant recycling effects of low temperature difference energy. A semiconductor thermoelectric generating device is made in accordance with the above theory. The performance parameters including the output power of the generating device are measured through experiments.

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29

Barragán, V., Kim Kristiansen, and Signe Kjelstrup. "Perspectives on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion in Ion-Exchange Membranes." Entropy 20, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20120905.

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By thermoelectric power generation we mean the creation of electrical power directly from a temperature gradient. Semiconductors have been mainly used for this purpose, but these imply the use of rare and expensive materials. We show in this review that ion-exchange membranes may be interesting alternatives for thermoelectric energy conversion, giving Seebeck coefficients around 1 mV/K. Laboratory cells with Ag|AgCl electrodes can be used to find the transported entropies of the ions in the membrane without making assumptions. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics can be used to compute the Seebeck coefficient of this and other cells, in particular the popular cell with calomel electrodes. We review experimental results in the literature on cells with ion-exchange membranes, document the relatively large Seebeck coefficient, and explain with the help of theory its variation with electrode materials and electrolyte concentration and composition. The impact of the membrane heterogeneity and water content on the transported entropies is documented, and it is concluded that this and other properties should be further investigated, to better understand how all transport properties can serve the purpose of thermoelectric energy conversion.

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30

KIM, Sung-Wng. "Nanostructure-based High-performance Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Technology." Physics and High Technology 22, no. 3 (March 30, 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.22.009.

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31

Talin, A. Alec, Reese E. Jones, and Patrick E. Hopkins. "Metal–organic frameworks for thermoelectric energy-conversion applications." MRS Bulletin 41, no. 11 (November 2016): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.242.

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32

Haras, Maciej, Valeria Lacatena, François Morini, Jean-François Robillard, Stéphane Monfray, Thomas Skotnicki, and Emmanuel Dubois. "Thermoelectric energy conversion: How good can silicon be?" Materials Letters 157 (October 2015): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.05.012.

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33

Meyer, Gerald J., and Kanishka Biswas. "A Special Forum Issue on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion." ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 2037–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c00401.

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34

Fergus, Jeffrey W. "Oxide materials for high temperature thermoelectric energy conversion." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 32, no. 3 (March 2012): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.10.007.

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35

Kleinke, Holger, and Kanishka Biswas. "Virtual Special Issue: Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 42 (October 21, 2020): 47113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c17369.

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36

KAMBE, Mitsuru. "Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Development by Advanced Material Technology." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 99, no. 929 (1996): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.99.929_266.

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37

Jin, Z. H., and J. S. Yang. "Energy Conversion Efficiency of a Piezo-Thermoelectric Material." Journal of Electronic Materials 47, no. 8 (May 22, 2018): 4533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-018-6383-6.

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38

Zhang, Xiao, and Li-Dong Zhao. "Thermoelectric materials: Energy conversion between heat and electricity." Journal of Materiomics 1, no. 2 (June 2015): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2015.01.001.

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39

Cecchi, Stefano, Tanja Etzelstorfer, Elisabeth Müller, Antonio Samarelli, Lourdes Ferre Llin, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, Julian Stangl, and Douglas J. Paul. "Ge/SiGe superlattices for thermoelectric energy conversion devices." Journal of Materials Science 48, no. 7 (September 5, 2012): 2829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6825-0.

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40

Cheng, X., N. Farahi, and H. Kleinke. "Mg2Si-Based Materials for the Thermoelectric Energy Conversion." JOM 68, no. 10 (August 8, 2016): 2680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-016-2060-5.

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41

Sandbakk, K. D., A. Bentien, and S. Kjelstrup. "Thermoelectric effects in ion conducting membranes and perspectives for thermoelectric energy conversion." Journal of Membrane Science 434 (May 2013): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.01.032.

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42

Samanta, Manisha, Tanmoy Ghosh, Sushmita Chandra, and Kanishka Biswas. "Layered materials with 2D connectivity for thermoelectric energy conversion." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 25 (2020): 12226–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta00240b.

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The present review provides an in-depth insight into the structure–property relationship focusing on the electronic and phonon transport properties of various 2D layered state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials.

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43

Jeng, Tzer Ming, and Sheng Chung Tzeng. "Development of Thermoelectric Conversion System for Waste Heat Recovery of Automobile Engine Exhaust Gas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.713.

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In the viewpoint of energy reutilization, this study combined high efficiency heat transfer with thermoelectric conversion technology to construct an efficiency testing platform for the waste heat recovering thermoelectric conversion system for real vehicles. A Toyota 2200c.c. vehicle with four-cylinder four-cycle engine was used for vehicle test to discuss the influence of the vehicle's engine speed and external cooling air flow on the energy output of the waste heat recovering thermoelectric conversion system. This study found that the energy output increases with the engine speed. However, if the engine speed is too high (exceeding 2500rpm), the thermoelectric generator can be overheated and damaged, which should be avoided. In addition, there is an optimal external cooling air flow generating the maximum energy output. The optimal external cooling air flow is 0.04 m3/sec in this study. At present, the 6 thermoelectric generator modules connected in series have the maximum electric power (P) output about 16W when the blowing air flow is 0.04 m3/sec and the engine speed is 2500 rpm.

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44

Tritt, Terry M., Harald Böttner, and Lidong Chen. "Thermoelectrics: Direct Solar Thermal Energy Conversion." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 4 (April 2008): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.73.

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The field of thermoelectricity began in the early 1800s with the discovery of the thermoelectric effect by Thomas Seebeck. Seebeck found that, when the junctions of two dissimilar materials are held at different temperatures (ΔT), a voltage (V) is generated that is proportional to ΔT. The proportionality constant is the Seebeck coeffcient or thermopower: α = −δV/ΔT. When the circuit is closed, this couple allows for direct conversion of thermal energy (heat) to electrical energy. The conversion effciency, ηTE, is related to a quantity called the fgure of merit, ZT, that is determined by three main material parameters: the thermopower α, the electrical resistivity ρ, and the thermal conductivity κ.

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45

Lv, Song, Zuoqin Qian, Dengyun Hu, Xiaoyuan Li, and Wei He. "A Comprehensive Review of Strategies and Approaches for Enhancing the Performance of Thermoelectric Module." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123142.

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In recent years, thermoelectric (TE) technology has been emerging as a promising alternative and environmentally friendly technology for power generators or cooling devices due to the increasingly serious energy shortage and environmental pollution problems. However, although TE technology has been found for a long time and applied in many professional fields, its low energy conversion efficiency and high cost also hinder its wide application. Thus, it is still urgent to improve the thermoelectric modules. This work comprehensively reviews the status of strategies and approaches for enhancing the performance of thermoelectrics, including material development, structure and geometry improvement, the optimization of a thermal management system, and the thermal structure design. In particular, the influence of contact thermal resistance and the improved optimization methods are discussed. This work covers many fields related to the enhancement of thermoelectrics. It is found that the main challenge of TE technology remains the improvement of materials’ properties, the decrease in costs and commercialization. Therefore, a lot of research needs to be carried out to overcome this challenge and further improve the performance of TE modules. Finally, the future research direction of TE technology is discussed. These discussions provide some practical guidance for the improvement of thermoelectric performance and the promotion of thermoelectric applications.

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46

Salez, Thomas J., Bo Tao Huang, Maud Rietjens, Marco Bonetti, Cécile Wiertel-Gasquet, Michel Roger, Cleber Lopes Filomeno, Emmanuelle Dubois, Régine Perzynski, and Sawako Nakamae. "Can charged colloidal particles increase the thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency?" Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 14 (2017): 9409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp01023k.

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Zhou, Jiawei, Bolin Liao, Bo Qiu, Samuel Huberman, Keivan Esfarjani, Mildred S. Dresselhaus, and Gang Chen. "Ab initio optimization of phonon drag effect for lower-temperature thermoelectric energy conversion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 48 (November 16, 2015): 14777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512328112.

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Although the thermoelectric figure of merit zT above 300 K has seen significant improvement recently, the progress at lower temperatures has been slow, mainly limited by the relatively low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity. Here we report, for the first time to our knowledge, success in first-principles computation of the phonon drag effect—a coupling phenomenon between electrons and nonequilibrium phonons—in heavily doped region and its optimization to enhance the Seebeck coefficient while reducing the phonon thermal conductivity by nanostructuring. Our simulation quantitatively identifies the major phonons contributing to the phonon drag, which are spectrally distinct from those carrying heat, and further reveals that although the phonon drag is reduced in heavily doped samples, a significant contribution to Seebeck coefficient still exists. An ideal phonon filter is proposed to enhance zT of silicon at room temperature by a factor of 20 to ∼0.25, and the enhancement can reach 70 times at 100 K. This work opens up a new venue toward better thermoelectrics by harnessing nonequilibrium phonons.

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Ismanov, Yu, N. Niyazov, and N. Dzhamankyzov. "Hybrid System Converting Solar Energy Into Electric Energy." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/70/01.

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The article discusses a mathematical model of a hybrid system that combines photovoltaic and thermoelectric methods for converting concentrated solar energy into electrical energy. The specified mathematical model makes it possible to determine the temperatures of the photovoltaic module, as well as the temperature of the electrodes of the thermoelectric generator module. Optimal operating conditions have been determined for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance at the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator. The simulation proceeded from the fact that only part of the absorbed solar radiation is converted into electricity due to the photoelectric effect, some part is lost due to radiation and convection from the upper surface of the photovoltaic module into the environment, and the rest is transferred to a thermoelectric generator connected to the lower part. photovoltaic module. A thermoelectric generator converts some of the thermal energy it receives from the photovoltaic module into electricity through the Seebeck effect, but most of it goes to the cooling system. The conversion of heat into electrical energy was based on the well-known Seebeck and Peltier effects. Along with these effects, such effects were taken into account as the formation of Joule heat due to the presence of electric current in the thermoelectric generator, Fourier thermal conductivity, as a consequence of the appearance of a temperature gradient in the transitions of a thermoelectric generator and Thomson heat, which arises both due to the presence of a temperature gradient, and electric current. The resulting model of the hybrid system makes it possible to study the effect of changing the temperature difference between the hot and cold electrodes of the thermoelectric generator and the resistance of the external circuit on the performance of the hybrid system. The model also allows the determination of the optimal operating conditions for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance on the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator.

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Wolf, Mario, Alexey Rybakov, Richard Hinterding, and Armin Feldhoff. "Geometry Optimization of Thermoelectric Modules: Deviation of Optimum Power Output and Conversion Efficiency." Entropy 22, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111233.

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Besides the material research in the field of thermoelectrics, the way from a material to a functional thermoelectric (TE) module comes alongside additional challenges. Thus, comprehension and optimization of the properties and the design of a TE module are important tasks. In this work, different geometry optimization strategies to reach maximum power output or maximum conversion efficiency are applied and the resulting performances of various modules and respective materials are analyzed. A Bi2Te3-based module, a half-Heusler-based module, and an oxide-based module are characterized via FEM simulations. By this, a deviation of optimum power output and optimum conversion efficiency in dependence of the diversity of thermoelectric materials is found. Additionally, for all modules, the respective fluxes of entropy and charge as well as the corresponding fluxes of thermal and electrical energy within the thermolegs are shown. The full understanding and enhancement of the performance of a TE module may be further improved.

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Matsuura, Kenji. "Preface to Special Issue on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Technology." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 116, no. 3 (1996): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.116.3_195.

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