Journal articles: 'Thermoelectric generator'

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Manap, Muhammad Abdul, and Al Fikri. "Rancang Bangun Pembangkit Listrik Alternatif Menggunakan Termoelektrik dengan Memanfaatkan pada Tungku Pemanas." Journal of Electrical Power Control and Automation (JEPCA) 3, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jepca.v3i2.41.

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his study aims to design an alternative power generator using a thermoelectric generator (TEG) by utilizing a heating furnace, using two thermoelectric generators (TEG) connected in series. Thermoelectrics that take advantage of temperature differences can produce voltages that correspond to the seebeck effect. The alternative power generator that has been designed consist of a thermoelectric, boost converter, and a 5 Watt DC lamp load. The test was carried out using a Boost Converter and using a 5 Watt DC lamp load for 20 minutes. The results of the research using the Boost Converter produce a voltage of 42.8 V with a temperature difference of 90°C, while using a 5 Watt DC lamp load produces a voltage of 8.81 V with a temperature difference of 82°C and the resulting current is 0.6 A, the resulting power 4.84W.

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Zein, E., M. Safril, E. Sutanto, M. I. Hamid, M. Aziz, and F. Fahmi. "Floating power plant applications for electric battery using thermoelectric generators (TEG) on solar panels." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1108, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1108/1/012007.

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Abstract The use of solar energy as a source of electrical power is done by utilizing solar panels. Even though the sun has two sources of energy: light energy and heat energy, however, up to now, the heat energy generated by the sun is not yet fully utilized. This study was aimed to develop floating -on water- power plant where the temperature difference that occurs in thermoelectric generator can increase the optimal output voltage on solar panels. The thermoelectric hot side is patched under the solar panel, and the cold side is patched on the surface of the water level. This study showed that the highest voltage results on the connected series are 3±1 volts with thermoelectric generator connected 60 series. The power generated by the thermoelectric generator is 3-7mW with a temperature difference of 14.5°C. Thermoelectric efficiency of the floating generators was 84.4%. The electrical power generated by the thermoelectric generator was stored in a 3V 2000 mAh electric battery. This energy is sufficient to light up the lamps and to charge the mobile phone for daily use.

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Zhou, Ze Guang, Dong Sheng Zhu, Yin Sheng Huang, and Chan Wang. "Heat Sink Matching for Thermoelectric Generator." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 6122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.6122.

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Heat sink does affect on the performance of thermoelectirc generator according to the studies of many authors. In this paper, an analytical model inculding the number of thermocouples and the thermal resistance of heat sink is derived. The match between the thermoelectric module and heat sink is discussed by numerical calculation also. The results show that the thermal resistance of thermoelectric module should be designed to match that of heat sink in order to get the highest output power for a given heat sink. But for a given thermoelectric module, the output power increases with the decrease of heat sink thermal resistance, and there is a suitable heat sink due to the limit of the temperature difference between the heat source and coolant.

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el Haj Assad, Mamdouh. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Waste-Heat Thermoelectric Generators." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 25, no. 3 (July 1997): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909702500304.

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A thermodynamic analysis of a real waste-heat thermoelectric generator is investigated. The thermoelectric generator is considered as a heat engine cycle process with internal irreversibilities. The efficiency of the thermoelectric generator is expressed in terms of two non-dimensional parameters which are to be optimized. A finite-time thermodynamic analysis is used to optimize the temperatures of the hot and cold junctions of the real thermoelectric generator. A comparison between ideal and real waste-heat thermoelectric generators is demonstrated.

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Azhar, M. F. Lathifah, A. Doyan, Susilawati, and L. S. Hudha. "Digital-based thermoelectric generator." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2165, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2165/1/012033.

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Abstract A thermoelectric generator or also known as a Seebeck generator is an electrical generator device that converts temperature differences into electrical energy using a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect. To find out the magnitude of the voltage generated by the thermoelectric, a series of tests on the thermoelectric must be carried out where one of the test methods is to provide a significant temperature difference on both sides of the thermoelectric generator using hot water media for the hot side and using ice cubes for the cold side. The test results show that the developed thermoelectric generator can generate an electric voltage of 1189.31 mV.

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COTFAS, Petru-Adrian, Daniel-Tudor COTFAS, Octavian MACHIDON, and Cristina CIULAVU. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2016.18.1.32.

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Tharun Kumar G, Vincent Vidyasagar J, Ramesh M, and Akhila C R. "Functional implantable devices designed using bio-potential thermoelectric generator." International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology 9, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrpp.v9i4.1351.

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Thermo Electric Generator is a device which Converts warmth immediately into electric electricity the usage of a phenomenon known as the "Seebeck effect”. Unlike traditional dynamic warmness engines, thermoelectric generators contain no shifting components and are absolutely silent. But for small packages, thermoelectrics can end up competitive due to the fact they are compact, easy (inexpensive) and scalable. Thermoelectric systems may be without problems designed to perform with small heat resources and small temperature difference. The main aim of this project is to use BIO-POTENTIAL as a driving source of power for the implant devices such as Pacemakers. Pacemakers usually use batteries as their power source, and when the battery's period is over, the patient has to undergo surgery to replace the batteries. By using TEG, rapidly undergoing surgery of those pacemakers’s patient can be avoided. The main objective of our project is to power implantable devices using Thermoelectric Generator and avoid further surgeries for the patient.

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Leonov, Vladimir. "Theoretical Performance Characteristics of Wearable Thermoelectric Generators." Advances in Science and Technology 74 (October 2010): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.9.

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The theory of thermal matching of a thermoelectric generator with the environment has been applied in this work to a wearable thermoelectric generator. This enabled evaluation of its top performance characteristics in typical environmental conditions. To correctly perform the modeling, the relevant properties of the human body as a heat generator for a small-size thermoelectric generator have been studied and presented in the paper as well. The results have been practically validated in different wearable thermoelectric generators. In particular, a power over 1 mW per square centimeter of the skin has been practically demonstrated on a walking person at ambient temperature of –2 °C. The comparison with wearable photovoltaic cells shows that in typical situations thermoelectric generators provide at least ten times more power.

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Khimenko, Aleksei, Dmitry Tikhomirov, Stanislav Trunov, and Victoria Ukhanova. "Power supply installation for remote rural settlements with solar thermoelectric generator." E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 06035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339006035.

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An analysis of scientific studies has been carried out, which presents thermoelectric technologies based on solar energy that can satisfy not only the need for electricity generation, but also contribute to energy saving and environmental protection. The results of theoretical and experimental studies on the development of power supply systems based on thermoelectric generators in combination with photovoltaic panels, solar concentrators and heat pipes are also presented, allowing us to conclude that the creation of solar thermoelectric generators is relevant. The authors have developed a design and presented a description of the power supply installation operation with a solar thermoelectric generator and heat pipes transmitting thermal energy from a solar concentrator through a solid-state thermal storage to a thermoelectric generator. Expressions are given for calculating the main thermal characteristics of the elements of the proposed installation with a solar thermoelectric generator (solar concentrator and solid-state thermal storage), as well as the efficiency factor and output electric power of the thermoelectric generator.

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Ishimaru, Masatoshi, Akihito Kubo, Tsuyoshi Kawai, and Yoshiyuki Nonoguchi. "A π-type Thermoelectric Generator Wrapped with Doped Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Sheets." MRS Advances 4, no. 3-4 (2019): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.3.

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ABSTRACTThe upcoming IoT society requires portable energy harvesters including thermoelectric generators around room temperature. Here we show a prototype, lightweight thermoelectric generator based on doped single-walled carbon nanotubes. The generator is fabricated by the standard printing and cut-and-paste techniques. The 12 cm-scale generator with a commercial DC-DC converter exhibits thermoelectric outputs high enough to drive small devices such as a light-emitting diode (LED). We believe such demonstration facilitates the studies not only of further improvements in the thermoelectric properties of carbon nanotube materials but also of the novel design for thermoelectric generators on the basis of thermal engineering.

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Brázdil, Marian, Ladislav Šnajdárek, Petr Kracík, and Jirí Pospíšil. "AUTOMATIC BIOMASS BOILER WITH AN EXTERNAL THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR." Acta Polytechnica 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2014.54.0006.

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This paper presents the design and test results of an external thermoelectric generator that utilizes the waste heat from a small-scale domestic biomass boiler with nominal rated heat output of 25 kW. The low-temperature Bi2Te3 generator based on thermoelectric modules has the potential to recover waste heat from gas combustion products as effective energy. The small-scale generator is constructed from independent segments. Measurements have shown that up to 11 W of electricity can be generated by one segment. Higher output power can be achieved by linking thermoelectric segments. The maximum output power is given by the dew point of the flue gas. The electrical energy that is generated can be used, e.g., for power supply or for charging batteries. In the near future, thermoelectric generators could completely eliminate the dependence an automated domestic boiler system on the power supply from the electricity grid, and could ensure comfortable operation in the event of an unexpected power grid failure.

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Parveen, S. "Thermoelectric Power Generation with Load Resistance Using Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. IX (September 30, 2017): 862–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.9126.

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13

Cheong, K. W., and J. H. Lim. "Numerical simulation of segmented ratio in bismuth telluride and skutterudites for waste heat recovery." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2120, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012007.

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Abstract The thermoelectric performance of the segmented annular thermoelectric generators with the bismuth telluride and skutterudites has been investigated. The effect of the length ratio of the hot-segment leg to total length leg on the thermoelectric performance of the segmented annular thermoelectric generators is analysed and discussed and the optimization design of the annular thermoelectric generator with bismuth telluride and skutterudites as the materials with high thermoelectric performance is obtained. The result of the thermoelectric performance with the manipulated variable of the increase of length ratio, the output power, output voltage and efficiency of the segmented annular thermoelectric generators increase at the beginning then decrease afterwards. Additionally, to compare with the single bismuth telluride and skutterudites annular thermoelectric generators, the output voltage, output power and the conversion efficiency of the segmented annular thermoelectric generators can be improved twice. Lastly, the thermoelectric performance of the segmented annular thermoelectric generators operating in the changes of the temperature. The result has proved that as the temperature increase, the thermoelectric performance of the annular thermoelectric generator will also increase. Hence, the acquired results may be given some useful applications of the bismuth telluride and skutterudites on the segmented annular thermoelectric generators for waste heat recovery.

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Cekdin, Cekmas, and Amir Hamzah. "PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TERHADAP RESISTANSI PADA THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR TIPE SP 1848-27145 MODUL 5 SUSUNAN SERI KETIKA DIPANASKAN." JURNAL SURYA ENERGY 3, no. 1 (September 25, 2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/jse.v3i1.1265.

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One source of potential energy with new innovations, namely the use of thermoelectric generator. Utilization of thermoelectric generators as a Heat power plant requires further study or research to produce an optimal system so that it can be a source of electrical energy substitutes in the provision of electrical energy. The working principle of the heat power plant is the first thermoelectric generator heated by filament where between filament and thermoelectric generator coated sheet metal. If the temperature of the heated metal is greater than the temperature of the metal heat dissipation, then the temperature difference causes a thermoelectric generator starts to work optimally. Measurement of Thermoelectric Generator with model number SP 1848-27145 carried out a total of 11 experiments on different materials with the same method. It consists of 4 modules compiled series, saddled lamp dc 12 Volt, 5 Watt. Optimization for charging the accumulator is 12 volts dc with temperature 270C and with a current that is obtained is 3.01 Ampere.

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Lashin, Abdelrahman, Mohammad Al Turkestani, and Mohamed Sabry. "Performance of a Thermoelectric Generator Partially Illuminated with Highly Concentrated Light." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2020): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143627.

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In order to maximize the output of concentrator Photovoltaic cells and maintain their efficiencies, the operating temperature of concentrator photovoltaic cells must be reduced. A way that could reduce such photovoltaic temperature is by thermally attaching them on top of a thermoelectric generator. A thermoelectric generator in such coupling will act as a low-cost passive-cooling subsystem, as well as a power generator for producing additional energy from the rejected photovoltaic heat. Increasing the area of the proposed photovoltaic cells relative to the thermoelectric generator’s hot-side area will result in an increase in the thermoelectric generator’s electrical output, but may also result in overheating the photovoltaic cells, hence reducing their performance. Optimization has to be performed for the photovoltaic covering percentage relative to the hot-side area in order to maximize the output of the whole coupled system. This work investigates the electrical and thermal performance of thermoelectric generators in the case of partial illumination of their hot side. Experiments have been carried out using three thermoelectric generator modules with different areas, and under two levels of concentrated illumination. The thermoelectric generator output voltage, current, and temperature have been measured, and the figure-of-merit and maximum power of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) has been calculated and demonstrated.

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Ebiringa, Marilyn A., JohnPaul Adimonyemma, and Chika Maduabuchi. "Performance Evaluation of a Nanomaterial-Based Thermoelectric Generator with Tapered Legs." Global Journal of Energy Technology Research Updates 7 (December 30, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-5818.2020.07.5.

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A thermoelectric generator (TEG) converts thermal energy to electricity using thermoelectric effects. The amount of electrical energy produced is dependent on the thermoelectric material properties. Researchers have applied nanomaterials to TEG systems to further improve the device’s efficiency. Furthermore, the geometry of the thermoelectric legs has been varied from rectangular to trapezoidal and even X-cross sections to improve TEG’s performance further. However, up to date, a nanomaterial TEG that uses tapered thermoelectric legs has not been developed before. The most efficient nanomaterial TEGs still make use of the conventional rectangular leg geometry. Hence, for the first time since the conception of nanostructured thermoelectrics, we introduce a trapezoidal shape configuration in the device design. The leg geometries were simulated using ANSYS software and the results were post-processed in the MATLAB environment. The results show that the power density of the nanoparticle X-leg TEG was 10 times greater than that of the traditional bulk material semiconductor X-leg TEG. In addition, the optimum leg geometry configuration in a nanomaterial-based TEG is dependent on the operating solar radiation intensity.

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Kumar, Naveen, Vaibhav Setia, and Prakhar Bajpai. "Analysis of Energy Generation from Exhaust of Automobile using Peltier Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 749–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd22986.

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Mohamad Diki, Charis Fathul Hadi, Risk Fita Lestari, and Rezki Nalandari. "Pemanfaatan Termoelektrik Sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan." JOURNAL ZETROEM 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/ztr.v4i1.1913.

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Abstract - Research has been carried out on power generators using thermoelectric or Peltier elements, with the aim of knowing how much output or output voltage the module produces by varying the temperature entered into the Peltier module. Peltier element is a material that can convert a certain temperature difference into electrical energy using the principle of the Seebeck effect. In this research, a thermoelectric generator module is designed using a Peltier element type SP184827145SA. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the power generated by the thermoelectric generator module with a series of Peltier elements with a given temperature variation, the voltage generated by the thermoelectric element is proportional to the temperature given on the high temperature side, the higher the temperature given, the greater the voltage. which are issued. From the research, it was found that when the Peltier heat temperature reaches 70ᵒc it can produce an output of 1.49v, while when the temperature gets lower the lower the voltage generated

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Haripuddin, Haripuddin, Muhammad Irfan, and Iwan Suhardi. "ANALYSIS OF THERMOELECTRIC POTENTIAL SP1848-27145 SA AS A POWER PLANT WITH UTILIZING THE HEAT ENERGY OF COMBUSTION." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 1, no. 1 (August 19, 2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59562/jeeni.v1i1.419.

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This research is experimental and aims to determine the characteristics of the SP1848-27145SA generator thermoelectric module in the form of power generated and its performance as a power plant by utilizing heat energy from a combustion furnace. The method used in testing the thermoelectric characteristics of the generator is a direct experimental method by measuring the output voltage, current, hot side, and cold side of the thermoelectric and the power generated by the module attached to the combustion furnace. Thermoelectric testing of the SP1848-27145 SA generator as a power plant by utilizing heat energy from a combustion furnace with a maximum voltage generated electronic device load of 2.25 Volts at ΔT 46°C and a maximum generated power of 0.09 watt. The thermoelectric performance of the SP1848-27145 SA generator is obtained in three different configurations: single, series, and parallel. The highest thermoelectric power produced is in the series configuration, where the power obtained is 0.25 watts, while the results from the parallel arrangement have the same power value. very small, namely 0.02 watts, and the highest efficiency value only reaches 3.40%.

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Saleh Umar Abubakar, Siti Amely Jumaat, Babangida Yakubu, Yau Shuaibu Haruna, and Suleiman Abdulrahman. "Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting from the Roof and Attics of a Building." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 115, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.8395.

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Globally people are faced with difficulties in environmental pollution, increasing power costs, and global warming. As such researchers are focusing on enhancing energy-harvesting using thermoelectric generators for power generation to lessen the difficulties. Through the Seebeck effect, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have proven their ability to convert thermal energy into electric power. Given the unique benefits they present, thermoelectric generators have arisen in the recent decade as a possible alternative to other green power generation technologies. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a solid-state device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. TEG consists of elements of p and n-type semiconductors, connected thermally in parallel and electrically in series. In this paper, one hundred and ninety-two thermoelectric generators connected in series and parallel were used to investigate the thermal energy potential at the roof and attic area for domestic application for 20 days from the falling solar radiation on a residential prototype in Bashar, Wase Local government area of Plateau State. A theoretical analysis was used in determining the average output power (P) due to the delta T across the thermoelectric generator module junction. The load resistance value of the thermoelectric generator configuration was evaluated. The results show that the TEG generated power output ranging from 217 mW to 1.99 W throughout the day, 5.97 mW to 13.8 mW in the morning, and 6.8 mW to 36.9 mW in the evening. Furthermore, The finding also reveals that the attic side has the capacity to store thermal energy, which can be harnessed owing to the fast heat transfer to the surroundings during the convection process. In conclusion, solar irradiance has a major impact on the system.

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Li, Yanzhe, Shixue Wang, Yunchi Fu, Yulong Zhao, and Like Yue. "Effect of core flow heat transfer enhancement on power generation characteristics of thermoelectric generators with different performances." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210309184l.

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In this study, the effect of enhancing the core flow heat transfer with metal foam on the performance of thermoelectric generators with different power generation characteristics is studied experimentally. Filling the core flow area of the gas channel in a thermoelectric generator with metal foam can greatly improve the heat transfer capacity of the gas channel with a small pressure loss, thereby improving the power generation efficiency. The results show that, first, the heat transfer enhancement achieved by partially filling the core area of the gas channel with metal foam can significantly improve the performance of thermoelectric generators, the maximum output power is about 1.5 times higher than that of the unfilled channel. Second, for a thermoelectric generator with different modules, the friction coefficient for different filling ratios increases by about 16 times at most, while the Nu value increases by only three times at most, and according to the PEC of the gas channel, metal foam with high filling rate and low pore density is more suitable for the thermoelectric generator. Third, it is more appropriate to use the thermoelectric module with a high figure of merit as the selection criterion for deciding whether to adopt the technique of enhancing heat exchange through the gas channel. The maximum output power and efficiency of the thermoelectric generator using the high figure of merit module are 300% and 160% higher than those of the thermoelectric generator using the low figure of merit module, respectively.

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Jia, Yongfei, Ruochen Wang, and Jie Chen. "Theoretical Analysis of Plate-Type Thermoelectric Generator for Fluid Waste Heat Recovery Using Thermal Resistance and Numerical Models." World Electric Vehicle Journal 15, no. 6 (May 30, 2024): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj15060240.

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In current research, there are excessive assumptions and simplifications in the mathematical models developed for thermoelectric generators. In this study, a comprehensive mathematical model was developed based on a plate-type thermoelectric generator divided into multiple thermoelectric units. The model takes into account temperature-dependent thermoelectric material parameters and fluid flow. The model was validated, and a maximum error of 6.4% was determined. Moreover, the model was compared and analyzed with a numerical model, with a maximum discrepancy of 7.2%. The model revealed the factors and their degree of influence on the performance of the thermoelectric generator unit. In addition, differences in temperature distribution, output power, and conversion efficiency between multiple thermoelectric units were clearly studied. This study can guide modeling and some optimization measures to improve the overall performance of thermoelectric generators.

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Miyazaki, Koji. "Thermoelectric micro-generator." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2016 (2016): H112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2016.h112.

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Thompson, F. "The thermoelectric generator." Physics Education 38, no. 6 (November 1, 2003): 478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/38/6/f03.

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Yang, Gui Lin. "Design of the Thermoelectric Generator." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.543.

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Thermoelectric Generator is a device using the widespread natural temperature to generate electricity. On the basis of investigations and experiments, this paper fully expounded thermoelectric generator’s significance, system block diagram, circuits, operational principle, application foregrounds and etc. Semiconductor thermoelectric module and the controller compose the thermoelectric generator, semiconductor thermoelectric power modules change heat energy into electric energy, the electric energy is stored in the controller's battery by the charging circuit. The controller has many functions such as current limiting, under voltage and other functions. At the same time, we had also designed the step-up circuit, in this way, the thermoelectric generator can output higher voltage. The experiment results and application show the thermoelectric generator has good performance and powerful function, it is worth spreading.

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Saputra, Aprizal, Remon Lapisa, Refdinal Refdinal, and Sri Rizki Putri Primandari. "Analysis of the Effect of a Glass Layer on the Roof of a House of a Thermoelectric Generator on Temperature and Electrical Voltage." MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v4i2.115.

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Utilization of solar power can use a thermoelectric generator. Thermoelectric Generators work by taking advantage of temperature differences and the application of the Seebeck effect. This experimental study uses two prototypes of a perfect house with a roof made of zinc plate. One of the roofs of the house is covered with glass. Thermoelectrics are installed at the bottom of the roof of each house as many as 12 pieces and arranged in a series circuit. Data collection was carried out one day from 08.00 -15.59. The largest electrical voltage obtained occurred at 11.00 – 13.59 reaching 0.215 – 0.183 Volts in houses with glass-covered roofs and 0.654 – 0.527 Volts. The use of a layer of glass makes the roof temperature stable because the heat absorbed can be retained by the glass. As a result, the voltage generated in a house with a glazed roof is more stable than a house with a non-glazed roof. This research also proves that the difference in temperature affects the voltage generated by the thermoelectric. Pemanfaatan tenaga surya dapat menggunakan termoelektrik generator. Termoelektrik Generator bekerja dengan memanfaatkan perbedaan temperatur dan penerapan efek Seebeck. Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan dua prototipe rumah sempurna dengan atap dari seng plat. Salah satu atap rumah dilapisi dengan kaca. Termoelektrik dipasang pada bagian bawah atap masing-masing rumah sebanyak 12 buah dan disusun dengan rangkaian seri. Pengambilan data dilakukan satu hari dari pukul 08.00 -15.59. Tegangan listrik terbesar yang didapatkan terjadi pada pukul 11.00 – 13.59 mencapai 0,215 – 0,183 Volt pada rumah dengan atap dilapisi kaca dan 0,654 – 0,527 Volt. Penggunaan lapisan kaca membuat temperatur atap menjadi stabil karena panas yang diserap dapat ditahan oleh kaca. Akibatnya membuat tegangan yang dihasilkan pada rumah dengan atap dilapisi kaca lebih stabil. Dari penelitian ini juga membuktikan perbedaan temperatur mempengaruhi tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan oleh termoelektrik.

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N, Sivakumar, Balamurugan S, Logeshwaran M., and Manikandan P. "Enhanced Thermoelectric Generator and Cooler for Boiler Cooling Efficiency Improvement." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 11, no. 04 (April 5, 2024): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2024.v1104.21.

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In this project to enhance the overall efficiency of boiler cooling systems, by incorporating thermoelectric technology, this project seeks to optimize energy utilization and reduce waste heat in the boiler cooling process. The thermoelectric generator and cooler utilize the Seebeck effect to convert waste heat into usable electrical energy. This generated electricity can be utilized for various purposes within the boiler system, thereby reducing the reliance on external power sources. Additionally, the thermoelectric cooler component helps to enhance the cooling efficiency of the boiler system. By actively removing excess heat from critical components, it prevents overheating and improves overall performance. The integration of thermoelectric technology in boiler cooling systems has the potential to significantly improve energy efficiency, reduce operational costs, and minimize environmental impact. This project abstract provides an overview of the objectives and benefits of implementing thermoelectric generators and coolers in boiler cooling systems.

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Marjanović, Miloš, Aneta Prijić, Branislav Randjelović, and Zoran Prijić. "A Transient Modeling of the Thermoelectric Generators for Application in Wireless Sensor Network Nodes." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9061015.

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This paper reports results of the transient modeling of thermoelectric cooling/heating modules as power generators with the aim to select preferable ones for use in thermal energy harvesting wireless sensor network nodes. A study is conducted using the selected commercial thermoelectric generators within the node of a compact design with aluminum PCBs. Their equivalent electro-thermal models suitable for SPICE-like simulators are presented. Model components are extracted from the geometrical, physical and thermo-electrical parameters and/or experimentally. SPICE simulation results mismatch within 7% in comparison with the experimental measurements. The presented model is used for the characterization of different thermoelectric generators within the wireless sensor network node from the aspects of harvesting efficiency, cold boot time, node dimensions and compactness, and maximum applicable temperature. The choice of the preferred generator is determined by its electrical resistance, the number of thermoelectric pairs, external area and thermoelectric legs length, depending on the primary design goal and imposed thermal operating conditions. The node can provide load power of 1.3 m W and the cold boot time of 66 s for generator with 31 thermoelectric pairs at a temperature difference of 15 ° C with respect to the ambient, and 7.6 m W of load power and the cold boot time of 40 s for generator with 71 thermoelectric pairs at a temperature difference of 25 ° C .

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Liana, Yeni Rima, Sulhadi Sulhadi, and Mahardika Prasetya Aji. "Utilization of Waste Combustion Heat as an Alternative Renewable Electric Energy Source Based on Thermoelectric Generator." Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jnsmr.2019.5.2.11029.

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Thermoelectric generator is one alternative energy source that is using a temperature difference system to produce electrical energy. This research study aims to utilize combustion heat waste using a thermoelectric generator as a source of renewable electricity. This research method uses the experimental method. The thermoelectric system was made using seven thermoelectric modules TEC1 - 12706 arranged in series by varying the combustion media in the form of Rice husk, Sengon sawdust (Albizia chinensis) and Teak sawdust (Tectona grandis). The test is done by measuring the output voltage, the temperature of the cold side and the hot side which are then analyzed to get the output power and generator efficiency. From the trial results it was found that the greater of the temperature difference, then the output voltage, output power and generator efficiency increase. Output voltage, output power and maximum efficiency of testing prototype thermoelectric generator that generated were 4.64 V, W 20.38 and 16.46 % with fuel Teak sawdust in the tenth minute when the temperature difference of 76.17 0C.©2019 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.

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Chang, Ho, Kung Ching Cho, Chih Jung Yu, Kuohsiu David Huang, and Chieh Chen Chen. "Integration of CuO Thin Film and Bi₂Te₃ for Enhancing the Thermoelectric Conversion Efficiency of Thermoelectric Generator." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.768.

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The paper deals with a coating CuO thin film coating on the surface of semiconductor thermoelements (Bi2Te3). In addition, the recycled external exhaust heat is used to generate electric power, further enhancing the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generator (TEG). By using electrophoresis deposition, a CuO nanofluid with high suspension stability and good dispersion is deposited on an aluminum foil at a thickness of 0.1mm. This film is conjugated with the top and base of a semiconductor thermoelements (Bi2Te3), and a thermoelectric generator is assembled in parallel with the modified thermoelectric material. Experimental results show that the CuO nanofilm coating on the surface of semiconductor thermoelements can enhance the overall heat conduction and thermoelectric conversion efficiency of thermoelectric generators by as much as 30%.

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Utomo, Bagus Radiant, Amin Sulistyanto, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, and Agung Tri Wijayanta. "Enhanced Performance of Combined Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Generator and Heat Sink Panels with a Dual-Axis Tracking System." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 12, 2023): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062658.

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The photovoltaic panel has become the most promising alternative technology for energy demand. Solar trackers have been used to improve the efficiency of a photovoltaic panel to maximize the sun’s exposure. In high temperatures, however, the photovoltaic efficiency is significantly reduced. This study observes photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator performance driven by a dual-axis solar tracking system. A photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator panel was built and equipped with angle and radiation sensors. A microcontroller processes the sensor signal and drives the motor to follow the sun’s movement in two-axis directions. Thermocouples are mounted on the photovoltaic and thermoelectric generator surfaces to monitor the temperature. The result shows that the temperature of the photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator is lower than that of the photovoltaic one. However, a contradiction occurred in the output power. The efficiency of the combined photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator was 13.99%, which is higher than the photovoltaic panel at 10.64% and the thermoelectric generator at 0.2%. The lower temperature in the photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator is responsible for increasing its performance. Although the thermoelectric generator contributes modest efficiency, its role in reducing the temperature is essential. Analyses of some cooling techniques for photovoltaic panels prove that the combined thermoelectric generator and heat sink improves photovoltaic performance with simplified technology.

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Ubaidillah, Suyitno, Imam Ali, Eko Prasetya Budiana, and Wibawa Endra Juwana. "Experimental Study of Thermoelectric Generators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.299.

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Thermoelectric generator is solid-state device which convert temperature difference, ∆T into electrical energy based on Seebeck effect phenomenon. The device has been widely used in self-powered system applications. This paper focuses on presentation of methodology for characterizing thermoelectric generators. The measurement of its behavior is performed by varying load resistances. A standard module of thermoelectric generator (TEC1-12710) is used in examination and an instrument setup consists of controllable heat source, controllable cooler, personal computer, data logger MCC DAQ USB-1208LS equipped with two sets of K-type thermocouples. The experiment is performed by measuring output voltage and output current in 4 values of temperature gradient by applying 10 values of resistive loads connected to the thermoelectric output wires. The common parameters studied in this research are output voltage, current and power. Generally, the relationship between parameters agrees with the basic theory and the procedure can be adopted for characterizing other type of thermoelectric generator.

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Nonthakarn, Prasert, Mongkol Ekpanyapong, Udomkiat Nontakaew, and Erik Bohez. "Design and Optimization of an Integrated Turbo-Generator and Thermoelectric Generator for Vehicle Exhaust Electrical Energy Recovery." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 15, 2019): 3134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163134.

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The performance of turbo-generators significantly depends on the design of the power turbine. In addition, the thermoelectric generator can convert waste heat into another source of energy. This research aims to design and optimize an integrated turbo-generator and thermoelectric generator for diesel engines. The goal is to generate electricity from the vehicle exhaust gas. Electrical energy is derived from generators using the flow, pressure, and temperature of exhaust gases from combustion engines and heat-waste. In the case of turbo-generators and thermoelectric generators, the system automatically adjusts the power provided by an inverter. Typically, vehicle exhausts are discarded to the environment. Hence, the proposed conversion to electrical energy will reduce the alternator charging system. This work focuses on design optimization of a turbo-generator and thermoelectric generator for 2500 cc. diesel engines, due to their widespread usage. The concept, however, can also be applied to gasoline engines. Moreover, this model is designed for a hybrid vehicle. Charging during running will save time at the charging station. The optimization by variable van angles of 40°, 50°, 62°, 70°, and 80° shows that the best output power is 62°, which is identical to that calculated. The maximum power outputted from the designed prototype was 1262 watts when operating with an exhaust mass flow rate of 0.1024 kg/s at 3400 rpm (high performance of the engine). This research aims to reduce fuel consumption and reduce pollution from the exhaust, especially for hybrid vehicles.

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Woo, Byung Chul, and Hee Woong Lee. "Relation Between Electric Power and Temperature Difference for Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2003): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019095.

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The thermoelectric generation is the direct energy conversion method from heat to electric power. The conversion method is a very useful utilization of waste energy because of its possibility using a thermal energy below 423K. This research objective is to establish the thermoelectric technology on an optimum system design method and efficiency, and cost effective thermoelectric element in order to extract the maximum electric power from a wasted hot water. This paper is considered in manufacturing a thermoelectric generator and manufacturing of thermoelectric generator with 32 thermoelectric modules. It was also found that the electric voltage of thermoelectric generator with 32 modules slowly changed along temperature differences and the maximum power of thermoelectric generator using thermoelectric generating modules can be defined as temperature function.

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Aliyu, Asniar. "STUDI KELAYAKAN THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR DARI ALUMUNIUM (Al) DAN KARBON (C) SEBAGAI SOLUSI LAIN ENERGI TERBARUKAN." KURVATEK 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.33579/krvtk.v6i2.2713.

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This study aims to create a prototype of a Thermoelectric Generator which is composed of a set of Aluminum (Al) and Carbon (C) series thermocouples as an alternative energy source. The initial stage in this research is to make a thermoelectric generator that is composed of 120 series thermocouple pairs or consists of 6 thermopiles (20 thermocouple pairs) arranged in series. Then the hot side is given a heat source using an electric iron and the cold side is equipped with a cooling fan and measures the output voltage generated based on changes in the heat generated by the electric iron. The test results show that temperatures up to 50°C produce a DC output voltage with a low increase in voltage change, while above that temperature the output voltage increases significantly. This shows that based on this initial experiment, Al and C thermoelectric generators are feasible to be used as an alternative energy source.

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Castañeda, Manuela, Andrés A. Amell, Mauricio A. Correa, Claudio E. Aguilar, and Henry A. Colorado. "Thermoelectric Generator Using Low-Cost Thermoelectric Modules for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Recovery." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043681.

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One of the most significant problems in industrial processes is the loss of energy according to the sort of heat. Thermoelectrics are a promising alternative to recovering this type of thermal energy, as they can convert heat into electricity, improving the industrial efficiency of the process. This article presents the characteristics of low-cost thermoelectric modules typically used for generation (SP1848-27145SA (TEG-GEN)) and refrigeration (TEC1-12706 (TEC-REF)), both utilized in this research for heat recovery. The modules were evaluated against various configurations, source distances, and distributed systems in order to determine optimal recovery conditions. The experiments were conducted both at the laboratory level and in a large-scale furnace of the traditional ceramics industry, and they revealed that even refrigeration modules are suitable for energy recovery, particularly in developing countries, whereas other generators are more expensive and difficult to obtain. These thermoelectric generators were tested for low-temperature heat recovery in regular furnaces, and the results are to be implemented elsewhere. Results show that even the thermoelectric refrigeration modules can be a solution for heat recovery in many heat sources, which would be particularly strategic for developing countries.

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Chira, Mihail, Andreea Hegyi, Henriette Szilagyi, and Horaţiu Vermeșan. "Thermoelectric Generator Based on CuSO4 and Na2SiO3." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063035.

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Thermoelectric generators can operate at small temperature differences providing enough electricity for low-power electronics, sensors in distribution networks, and biomedical devices. The article presents the obtaining of a thermoelectric generator and its electrical characteristics using usual substances. Experimental research was carried out using a mixture consisting of several substances (copper sulfate, calcium hydroxide, silicon dioxide, and sodium silicate) in different proportions. The mixture was inserted between two plates, one graphite (hot plate) and the other aluminum (cold plate), thus obtaining a thermoelectric generator. Electrical voltage, output current, and electrical power were measured at different temperatures.

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Gadzhiev, Kh M., S. M. Gadzhieva, P. S. Magomedova, and A. M. Kurbanov. "Energy-saving thermoelectric generator for powering the cooling apparatus of heatgenerating electronic components." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 51, no. 1 (April 15, 2024): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2024-51-1-6-13.

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Objective. The article discusses energy-saving thermoelectric generators for autonomous power supply of the cooling apparatus of heat-generating electronic components.Method. Methods of modeling heat exchange processes in the operation of thermoelectric generators based on the Seebeck effect are applied. The heated and cooled zones of the generator are topologically spaced to reduce parasitic conductive transport. The semiconductor branches are manufactured using thin-film technology to reduce parasitic Joule heat emissions. The materials of the junctions and electrodes are selected taking into account the energy of the electrons.Result. Energy saving of processes has increased in thermoelectric generators by reducing parasitic Joule heat generation, reducing parasitic conductive transfer and additional energy generation from metal electrodes.Conclusion. The conducted studies allow us to conclude that in order to increase the energy saving of thermoelectric generators for autonomous power supply of the cooling apparatus of the heat-generating electronic components, it is necessary to topologically separate the heated and cooled zones of the generator into different levels in space, and to manufacture semiconductor branches using thin-film technology and additionally cool the generator junctions with ventilation, and additionally recover energy from the heat-generating components on the heated junctions.

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Parveen, S., S. Victor Vedanayakam, and R. Padma Suvarna. "Thermoelectric generator electrical performance based on temperature of thermoelectric materials." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.29 (August 24, 2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.29.18792.

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In space applications, the radioisotope thermoelectric generators are being used for the power generation. The energy storage devices like fuel cells, solar cells cannot function in remote areas, in such cases the power generating systems can work successfully for generating electrical power in space missions. The efficiency of thermo electric generators is around 5% to 8% . Bismuth telluride has high electrical conductivity (1.1 x 105S.m /m2) and very low thermal conductivity (1.20 W/ m.K). A Thermoelectric generator has been built up consisting of a Bi2Te3 based on thermoelectric module. The main aim of this is when four thermoelectric modules are connected in series, the power and efficiency was calculated. The thermoelectric module used is TEP1-1264-1.5. This thermoelectric module is having a size of 40mmx40mm. The hot side maximum temperature was 1600C where the cold side temperature is at 400C. At load resistance, 15Ω the maximum efficiency calculated was 6.80%, at temperature of 1600C. The maximum power at this temperature was 15.01W, the output voltage is 16.5V, and the output current is 0.91A. The related and the corresponding graphs between efficiency, power, output voltage, output current was drawn at different temperatures. The efficiency of bismuth telluride, thermoelectric module is greater than other thermoelectric materials.

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Kohri, Hitoshi, Ichiro Shiota, Masahiko Kato, and Isao J. Ohsugi. "Fabrication of Electrode for Thermoelectric Oxide Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.195.

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Thermoelectric materials can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy. Research and development of thermoelectric generators have been actively carried out to use waste heat. Electrodes are necessary to take out the electrical power from the thermoelectric couples. However, large portion of the generated electrical power is often lost at the interface between electrode and thermoelectric materials. Though oxide materials are promising for a thermoelectric generator at a high temperature, they are not practically used as the joining technique is not established. Not only low contact resistance but also sufficient mechanical strength is required for the joining. In this report, tin alloy solder was attempted for cold side junction to obtain low contact resistance and high mechanical strength at the interface. Wettability of the solder to Ca3Co2O6 and the thermoelectric generating properties were improved by adding titanium to tin alloy.

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Ang, Zi Yang Adrian, Wai Lok Woo, and Ehsan Mesbahi. "Artificial Neural Network Based Prediction of Energy Generation from Thermoelectric Generator with Environmental Parameters." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 5, no. 6 (November 2017): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2017.5.6.416.

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Shinohara, Kazuhiko. "Thermoelectric Generator for Automobile." Materia Japan 38, no. 10 (1999): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.38.768.

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Prokopiv, V. V., L. I. Nykyruy, O. M. Voznyak, B. S. Dzundza, I. V. Horichok, Ya S. Yavorskyi, O. M. Matkivskyi, and T. M. Mazur. "The Thermoelectric Solar Generator." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 18, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.18.3.372-375.

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Developed a comprehensive system for generating of electric energy “Thermoelectric generator – solar collector”. The Sb doped PbTe (n-type of conductivity) and triple compound PbSnTe (p-type of conductivity) were synthesized as basic materials for thermocouples.

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Montgomery, D. S., C. A. Hewitt, and D. L. Carroll. "Hybrid thermoelectric piezoelectric generator." Applied Physics Letters 108, no. 26 (June 27, 2016): 263901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4954770.

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Bqoor, M. J. "Ionized gas Thermoelectric Generator." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 18 (August 2020): 100496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100496.

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Gupta, Param, Hemant Sharma, and Jatin Bhalla. "Automobile Thermoelectric Exhaust Generator." International Journal of Control and Automation 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2016): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2016.9.10.13.

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Fabracuer, Nicanor Jr, Reymart Cepe, Neil Francis Ricafort, and Rhoda Jane Rosal. "Thermoelectric Generator: A Source of Renewable Energy." Indonesian Journal of Energy 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/ije.v3i1.47.

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With the natural sources of energy such as fossil fuels is slowly depleting, it became a trend to find new sources of unlimited energy. Renewable source of energy is the best source of unlimited energy for it will be utilizing the resources around like solar, hydro, wind, and many more. One of those newly developed renewable sources utilizes the waste heat developed by individual machines. Since electrical generating machines that use combustion engines generate a considerable amount of waste heat energy from the exhaust gases. Hence, this study focused on waste heat energy harvester by the use of the thermoelectric generator. Thermoelectric power generation is based on a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect. When a temperature difference is established between the hot and cold junctions of two dissimilar materials, a voltage is generated. The heat flow circulation through the semiconductors causes a displacement of charge carriers. A larger delta temperature creates a larger electrical current, ideally, but it is coupled with the fact that a semiconductor is effective only on a temperature range making the thermoelectric generators operational on a limited delta temperature. Primarily, the device was composed of a thermoelectric module mounted on an aluminum plate and placed in an oven. The main objective of the study is to design a circuitry for the thermoelectric generator that aimed to generate a minimum of 20 watts in order to power an AC load. In order to validate the device fabricated, certain measurements needed to be taken during the operation of the prototype. Thus, this device is now a developing source of alternative energy with further studies and innovations for commercial purposes.Keywords: thermoelectric generator, Seebeck effect, semiconductors*The paper has been selected from a collaboration with IPST and 7th ICFCHT 2019 for a conference entitled "Innovation in Polymer Science and Technology (IPST) 2019 in Conjunction with 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT 2019) on October 16th - 19th at The Stones Hotel Legian, Bali, Indonesia"

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Travadi, Satayu, and Jaspalsinh Dabhi. "Review on Design and Analytical Model of Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/feb2013/48.

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Gondane, Dr Shubhangi, Priyanshu Watari, Niraj Borkar, Niteshgiree Paramanandigiree, Pavan Dhongade, Pawan Nagpure, and Rohit Wanjari. "Analysis of Power Generation using Waste Heat in Industries using Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 10, no. 5 (2023): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.105.16.

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Recently, increased emphasis has been placed on the global issue of rapid economic growth, a relative energy scarcity, internal combustion engine exhaust waste heat, and environmental degradation. About 30 to 40 percent of the total heat delivered to the engine in the form of fuel is transformed into meaningful mechanical work. It is necessary to convert waste heat into usable work since the leftover heat is released into the environment through exhaust gases and engine cooling systems, leading to an increase in entropy and major environmental degradation. Due to the specific advantages of thermoelectric generators, they have emerged as a possible alternative green technology as waste heat recovering techniques like the thermoelectric generator (TEG) are developed. A techniquethat can directly convert the thermal energy found in exhaust gas into electric power is the subject of the majority of current study. In this research, a thermoelectric power generator based on exhaust gas was developed for industrial use. The exhaust gases in the pipe serve as the thermoelectric power generator's heat source. As a result, this study suggests and puts into practice a thermoelectric waste heat energy recovery system using the exhaust heat from running equipment. The goal of the project is to directly transform the heat energy from vehicle waste heat to electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator. Although the largest amount of electric power produced by such a system is just 10 W from a single TEG module, significant advancements in material science can make the ambitious aim of generating larger wattages by any means a real possibility.

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Ma, Ting, Zuoming Qu, Xingfei Yu, Xing Lu, and Qiuwang Wang. "A review on thermoelectric-hydraulic performance and heat transfer enhancement technologies of thermoelectric power generator system." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 1885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180102274m.

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The thermoelectric material is considered to a good choice to recycle the waste heat in the power and energy systems because the thermoelectric material is a solid-state energy converter which can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy, especially suitable for high temperature power and energy systems due to the large temperature difference. However, the figure of merit of thermoelectric material is very low, and the thermoelectric power of generator system is even lower. This work reviews the recent progress on the thermoelectric power generator system from the view of heat transfer, including the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation on thermoelectric-hydraulic performance, conventional heat transfer enhancement technologies, radial and flow-directional segmented enhancement technologies for the thermoelectric power generator system. Review ends with the discussion of the future research directions of numerical simulation methods and heat transfer enhancement technologies used for the thermoelectric power generator in high temperature power and energy systems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermoelectric generator'

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