Journal articles: 'Thermographic'

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Nowakowski, Antoni. "Problems of Active Dynamic Thermography Measurement Standardization in Medicine." Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 25, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_241/51.

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Reliability of thermographic diagnostics in medicine is an important practical problem. In the field of static thermography, a great deal of effort has been made to define the conditions for thermographic measurements, which is now the golden standard for such research. In recent years, there are more and more reports on dynamic tests with external stimulation, such as Active Dynamic Thermography, Thermographic Signal Reconstruction or Thermal Tomography. The subject of this report is a discussion of the problems of standardization of dynamic tests, the choice of the method of thermal stimulation and the conditions determining the credibility of such tests in medical diagnostics. Typical methods of thermal stimulation are discussed, problems concerning accuracy and control of resulting distributions of temperature are commented. The best practices to get reliable conditions of measurements are summarized.

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Moustakidis, Serafeim, Athanasios Anagnostis, Apostolos Chondronasios, Patrik Karlsson, and Kostas Hrissagis. "Excitation-invariant pre-processing of thermographic data." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 232, no. 4 (April 23, 2018): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x18770888.

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There is a large number of industries that make extensive use of composite materials in their respective sectors. This rise in composites’ use has necessitated the development of new non-destructive inspection techniques that focus on manufacturing quality assurance, as well as in-service damage testing. Active infrared thermography is now a popular nondestructive testing method for detecting defects in composite structures. Non-uniform emissivity, uneven heating of the test surface, and variation in thermal properties of the test material are some of the crucial factors in experimental thermography. These unwanted thermal effects are typically coped with the application of a number of well-established thermographic techniques including pulse phase thermography and thermographic signal reconstruction. This article addresses this problem of the induced uneven heating at the pre-processing phase prior to the application of the thermographic processing techniques. To accomplish this, a number of excitation invariant pre-processing techniques were developed and tested in this article addressing the unwanted effect of non-uniform excitation in the collected thermographic data. Various fitting approaches were validated in light of modeling the non-uniform heating effect, and new normalization approaches were proposed following a time-dependent framework. The proposed pre-processing techniques were validated on a testing composite sample with pre-determined defects. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed processing algorithms in terms of removing the unwanted heat distribution effect along with the signal-to-noise ratio of the produced infrared images.

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Park, Jung Yul, Juno Park, Sang Dae Kim, and Dong Jun Lim. "Usefulness of Thermography in Evaluation of Patients with FBSS Following Radiofrequency Dorsal Root Ganglion Lesioning." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.808.

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The changes in thermographic pattern were studied, in patients with persistent back and leg pain after surgery, to validate its significance in evaluating the clinical status following percutaneous radiofrequency (PRF) lesioning on dorsal root ganglion. A total of 90 patients with persistent back and leg (52 males, 38 females, mean age 46.2 years) with more than 6 months of duration following lumbar surgeries were enrolled into study. Thermography was performed before and after PRF procedures. PRF procedures were percutaneously done with C-arm guidance and adjustments from physiologic monitoring. Assessments included the clinical symptoms, signs and changes of thermographic pattern before and after PRF procedure. Minimal follow up period was 6 months. All patients tolerated the RF procedures without complications. Thermographic findings before procedures were agreeable to clinical and radiographic findings in 81(90%) of patients. PRF procedure provided substantial improvement of pain (>50% pain reduction) in 69(76.7%) and 63(70%) at 1 and 6 months following procedures. Thermographic findings in 80(88.9%) of these patients seemed to correlate with clinical improvement. However, 12 patients (13.3%) showed no significant thermographic changes despite clinical improvement. Clinical factors that were not statistically significant but were related to better outcome were younger age, unilateral pain, no significant dysesthesia, less number of operations, no instrumentation. Results of this study indicate that thermography may have a specific role in evaluating these patients, especially when comparing with clinical status.

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Wang, X. G., V. Crupi, X. L. Guo, and E. Guglielmino. "A thermography-based approach for structural analysis and fatigue evaluation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 5 (September 23, 2011): 1173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211421998.

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The infrared thermography has been developed for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), stress analysis, and in the last 10 years for metal fatigue assessment. The present research enables to realize these different research objectives all together thanks to an innovative experimental procedure, which includes NDT by lock-in thermography, thermoelastic stress analysis, and fatigue parameters assessment by Rapid Thermographic Method ( RTM). The developed procedure has been performed on a set of hole-notched specimens, achieving good results and predictions in a relatively short time. Moreover, the fatigue strength reduction coefficients of the specimens were determined by RTM. This thermography-based approach is dedicated for structural analysis and fatigue evaluation; it is an interesting attempt to apply different thermographic methods to a common research topic.

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Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, Pablo, and Manuel Rodríguez-Martín. "Design of a Didactical Activity for the Analysis of Uncertainties in Thermography through the Use of Robust Statistics as Teacher-Oriented Approach." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030402.

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The thermography as a methodology to quantitative data acquisition is not usually addressed in the degrees of university programs. The present manuscript proposes a novel approach for the acquisition of advanced competences in engineering courses associated with the use of thermographic images via free/open-source software solutions. This strategy is established from a research based on the statistical and three-dimensional visualization techniques over thermographic imagery to improve the interpretation and comprehension of the different sources of error affecting the measurements and, thereby, the conclusions and analysis arising from them. The novelty is focused on the detection of non-normalities in thermographic images, which is illustrates in the experimental section. Additionally, the specific workflow for the generation of learning material related with this aim is raised for asynchronous and e-learning programs. These virtual materials can be easily deployed in an institutional learning management system, allowing the students to work with the models by means of free/open-source solutions easily. Subsequently, the present approach will give new tools to improve the application of professional techniques, will improve the students’ critical sense to know how to interpret the uncertainties in thermography using a single thermographic image, therefore they will be better prepared to face future challenges with more critical thinking.

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Wen, Ching-Mei, Stefano Sfarra, Gianfranco Gargiulo, and Yuan Yao. "Edge-Group Sparse Principal Component Thermography for Defect Detection in an Ancient Marquetry Sample." Proceedings 27, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027034.

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Nondestructive inspection (NDI) has immensely contributed to the restoration of historic and artistic works. As one of the most common used NDI methods, active thermography is an easy-to-operate and efficient technique. Principal component thermography (PCT) has been widely used to deal with thermographic data for enhancing the visibility of subsurface defects. Unlike PCT, edge-group sparse PCT introduced herein enforces sparsity of principal component (PC) loadings by considering the spatial connectivity of thermographic image pixels. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method is illustrated by the experimental results of the defect characterization in an ancient marquetry sample with a fir wood support.

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Hulewicz, Arkadiusz, Krzysztof Dziarski, and Grzegorz Dombek. "The Solution for the Thermographic Measurement of the Temperature of a Small Object." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 5000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155000.

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This article describes the measuring system and the influence of selected factors on the accuracy of thermographic temperature measurement using a macrolens. This method enables thermographic measurement of the temperature of a small object with an area of square millimeters as, e.g., electronic elements. Damage to electronic components is often preceded by a rise in temperature, and an effective way to diagnose such components is the use of a thermographic camera. The ability to diagnose a device under full load makes thermography a very practical method that allows us to assess the condition of the device during operation. The accuracy of such a measurement depends on the conditions in which it is carried out. The incorrect selection of at least one parameter compensating the influence of the factor occurring during the measurement may cause the indicated value to differ from the correct value. This paper presents the basic issues linked to thermographic measurements and highlights the sources of errors. A measuring stand which enables the assessment of the influence of selected factors on the accuracy of thermographic measurement of electronic elements with the use of a macrolens is presented.

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Pieczonka, Łukasz, Mariusz Szwedo, and Tadeusz Uhl. "Investigation of the Effectiveness of Different Thermographic Testing Modalities in Damage Detection." Key Engineering Materials 558 (June 2013): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.558.349.

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The paper deals with practical aspects of Thermographic Nondestructive Testing (TNDT). A comparative study of burst vibrothermography (VT) and pulsed thermography (PT) measurements is presented and discussed. The authors have developed a diagnostic system for thermographic testing of structures that was used to perform experiments. Supported test modalities include burst vibrothermography and pulsed thermography, among other techniques. The system comprises both hardware and software components facilitating TNDT inspections. Experimental testing has been performed, on a composite plate, using the developed diagnostic system and two of the supported test modalities. The goal of these investigations was to compare the performance of both TNDT methods in revealing Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) in a composite plate.

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López-Fernández, L., S. Lagüela, D. González-Aguilera, and H. Lorenzo. "Thermographic and mobile indoor mapping for the computation of energy losses in buildings." Indoor and Built Environment 26, no. 6 (March 15, 2016): 771–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16638912.

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A mobile indoor mapping system combined with infrared thermography was used for the acquisition of data needed for the quantification of heat loss through a building envelope by conduction; that is, temperature values and building geometry. The methodology presented orthothermograms to provide measurement of heat loss and thermographic images with geometric information. This way, not only the energy loss through the building envelope is provided, but also thermographic information regarding the existence of thermal pathologies, their location and their impact on the building can also be evaluated.

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Zhou, Jian Min, Jun Yang, and Qi Wan. "Review on Non-Destructive Testing Technique of Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography." Applied Mechanics and Materials 742 (March 2015): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.742.128.

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This paper introduces the theory of eddy current pulsed thermography and expounds the research status of eddy current pulsed thermography in application and information extraction. Thermographic signal reconstruction, pulsed phase thermography, principal component analysis were introuduced in this paper and listed some fusion multiple methods to acquire information from infrared image. At last, it summarizes research progress, existing problem and deelopment of eddy current pulsed thermography.

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Amarandei, Mihaela, Karla Berdich, Izabella Szigyarto, Lorand Kun, and Liviu Marşavina. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Polyurethane Materials Using Transient Thermography." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.21.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the potential of transient thermography in the nondestructive evaluation of structural defects of NECURON 1001 using the FLIR thermographic system. Necuron is a polyurethane material used for applications like: fixture and gauges, master and copy models, models with high mechanical stress, etc. Transient thermography is a thermographic method which implies the investigation of materials that are of a different (often higher) temperature than the ambient. The heat flow into the sample is altered in the presence of a subsurface defect or feature, creating a temperature contrast at the surface that is recorded by the infrared system. Results show that this method of evaluation can indicate, in necuron, defects of small sizes that can be overlooked in the manufacturing process. Also, it was shown that the transient thermography method presented can be an important tool in evaluating structural defects of materials.

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GODLEWSKA, MARIA, MARIA SOROKO, PAULINA ZIELIŃSKA, and KRZYSZTOF DUDEK. "The use of thermography for assessment of high-intensity laser therapy in racehorses: Pilot study." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 09 (2020): 6442–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6442.

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The aim of the pilot study was to perform a thermographic assessment of temperature changes on the surface of the fetlock joint of clinically healthy racehorses after high-intensity laser therapy (HILT). The study was conducted on 16 clinically healthy Thoroughbred racehorses aged 3-4 years, trained for racing. Temperature measurements of the left forelimb fetlock joint were taken from a lateral aspect before and after HILT. Temperature was measured with a Vario-Cam HR® InfraTec thermographic camera with a resolution of 640 × 480. A measuring region of the fetlock joint was determined for each thermographic image to calculate the average temperature. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. The study results indicate a statistically significant increase in the average surface temperature of the fetlock joint (by an average of 3.0°C) after HILT. Thermography offers a simple and precise assessment of temperature changes in the treated region. The results of this pilot study may prove valuable in future research on the use of thermography in monitoring changes as well as short-term and long-term effects of HILT to determine the most effective and optimal parameters of this therapy.

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І. П. Хоменко, К. В. Гуменюк, Є. В. Цема, and С. В. Тертишний. "СТВОРЕННЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ТЕРМОГРАФІЧНОЇ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ВОГНЕПАЛЬНИХ ПОРАНЕНЬ М’ЯКИХ ТКАНИН." World Science 1, no. 4(56) (April 30, 2020): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30042020/7022.

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The aim. To study the effectiveness of using dynamic digital thermography in wounded with gunshot injuries of soft tissues in a multimodal reconstruction scheme. Based on the materials received, propose the concept of thermographic classification of gunshot wounds of soft tissues. Conclusions. The use of a multimodal approach in the reconstructive treatment of gunshot wounds of soft tissues is an effective method of repairing a damaged anatomical structure. The integration of the information obtained during the DDT is the main basis for the materialization of the conceptual creation of thermographic classification of gunshot wounds of soft tissues.

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Roseiro, Cristina M. R., and Luis Roseiro. "Automatic Segmentation of Skin Regions in Thermographic Images: an Experimental Study." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 17 (August 2, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232014.2021.17.7.

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Infrared thermography can be applied in medical applications, such as monitoring skin temperature in inflammatory processes. The possibility for health care professionals and patients to be able to easily, quickly and economically, at anytime and anywhere, monitor the skin temperature distribution through the acquisition of images to control skin infections is extremely important nowadays. This work aims to develop an automatic methodology for the segmentation, identification, analysis and diagnosis of skin inflammation based on thermographic images. The study compares thermographic images from subregions of the hand skin and presents an experimental investigation to segment and identify features in the images automatically. Left and righthand images from two volunteers’ obtained in different conditions, such as cold action, activity action (opening and closing the hand), and friction action (rub both hands), were considered and analyzed. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the implemented procedures and encourage developing and implementing an operating system to monitor skin infections in thermographic images.

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McLaughlin, P. V., M. G. Mirchandani, and P. V. Ciekurs. "Infrared Thermographic Flaw Detection in Composite Laminates." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 109, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225954.

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Research performed to develop thermography as a routine rapid flaw detection tool for large composite structures is presented. The externally applied thermal field (EATF) technique is described whereby surface cracks or sub-surface impact damage creates detectable surface temperature perturbations when heated. EATF thermographic procedures and flaw detection capabilities in multidirectional and unidirectional graphite and glass fiber composites are described. The method’s advantages and limitations are outlined.

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Pavelski, Mariana, Mardjory da Silva Basten, Eduarda Busato, and Peterson Triches Dornbusch. "Infrared thermography evaluation from the back region of healthy horses in controlled temperature room." Ciência Rural 45, no. 7 (May 22, 2015): 1274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140675.

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The infrared thermography is a diagnostic imaging tool, which measures the surface temperature of an object through its heat emission. It is a non-invasive method, painless, with no involvement of radiation. Horses have elevated incidence of back injuries which causes decrease in their performance. A rapid and accurate diagnostic is essential to start the treatment. The aim of this paper was to establish the ideal time to the animal stay e inside a controlled room to balance their temperature and in the second time verify the thermographic temperature of specific back regions. It was studied fifteen healthy horses, being performed thermography of thoracic, lumbar and pelvic regions in four different times. There was a significant difference between the thermography performed outside and inside of the controlled temperature room. It was concluded that the ideal time to the horse stay into the controlled temperature room was thirty minutes and the mean thermographic temperatures of back regions, were obtained and can be used as parameters to identify injuries in other horses.

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Garrido, Iván, Susana Lagüela, Stefano Sfarra, Hai Zhang, and Xavier P. V. Maldague. "Automatic Detection and Delimitation of Internal Moisture in Mosaics from Thermographic Sequences. Experimental Tests." Proceedings 27, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027007.

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InfraRed Thermography, IRT, is one of the most recent techniques to monitor heritage elements, finding existing pathologies in order to implement the required maintenance tasks. However, most IRT results on cultural heritage are interpreted subjectively. Then, this work presents a methodology for the automatic detection and delimitation of moisture inside a heritage element, a mosaic in this case, from a thermographic sequence, based on the analysis of the temperature distribution of the thermal images acquired. Comparing the experimental test results with typical thermographic algorithms, the detection performance of the algorithm proposed was similar, but the new method is able to delimit and automate the whole process.

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Oe, Makoto, Rie Roselyne Yotsu, Hiromi Sanada, Takashi Nagase, and Takeshi Tamaki. "Screening for Osteomyelitis Using Thermography in Patients with Diabetic Foot." Ulcers 2013 (March 31, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/284294.

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One of the most serious complications of diabetic foot (DF) is osteomyelitis, and early detection is important. To assess the validity of thermography to screen for osteomyelitis, we investigated thermographic findings in patients with both DF and osteomyelitis. The subjects were 18 diabetic patients with 20 occurrences of DF who visited a dermatology department at a hospital in Tokyo and underwent evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and thermography between June 2010 and July 2012. Osteomyelitis was identified by MRI. Thermographs were taken of the wounds and legs after bed rest of more than 15 minutes. Two wound management researchers evaluated the range of increased skin temperature. There were three types of distribution of increased skin temperature: the periwound, ankle, and knee patterns. Fisher’s exact test revealed that the ankle pattern was significantly more common in the group with osteomyelitis than in the group without osteomyelitis (P=0.011). The positive predictive value was 100%, and the negative predictive value was 71.4%. Our results suggest that an area of increased skin temperature extending to the ankle can be a sign of osteomyelitis. Thermography might therefore be useful for screening for osteomyelitis in patients with DF.

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Skridailaitė, Laima, Loreta Kelpšienė, and Edita Mockienė. "Thermographic Analysis of Joints of Supporting Structures." Jaunųjų mokslininkų darbai 51, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/jmd.2021.9.

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The external partitions of a building (walls, roof, etc.) in addition to their supporting functions must also ensure an internal microclimate suitable for comfortable human work, recreation and other activities. This article analyzes the thermal characteristics of the external walls of a residential house and thermographically examines the joints of the different structures of the building. Thermographical examination may be performed either passively or actively. In the former case, the object of the examination ir heated up to a given temperature, after which thermographical images of the object are taken and analyzed. In the latter case, thermographical analysis is made of the object in its naturally established thermal conditions. This article examines the thermal characteristics of the partition structures of a residential building. The values of the thermal properties of the materials are taken from the documentation provided by their manufacturers, and in their absence, the data of the technical building regulations is used. Calculated analytically: the wall of the western annex only meets the C energy class requirements, the insulation of the old part of the building raised the heat transfer coefficient of the partition to class A, the thermal characteristic of the eastern annex wall corresponds to the A + energy class. This thermographic examination showed that the facade covered by the fibrous cement siding absorbed less heat compared to the masonry facades. Based on theoretical calculations and the thermographic analysis, it is recommended to additionally insulate the western annex from the inside. If possible, it is also recommended to additionally insulate both facade joints with polyurethane foam and to seal them with waterproofing mastic to prevent the sunrays from reaching the foam.

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Kaur, K., A. Sharma, A. Rani, V. Kher, and R. Mulaveesala. "Physical insights into principal component thermography." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 62, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2020.62.5.277.

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Among widely used non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, infrared thermography (IRT) has gained importance due to its fast, whole-field, remote and quantitative inspection capabilities for the evaluation of various materials. Being fast and easy to implement, pulsed thermography (PT) plays a vital role in the infrared thermographic community. This paper provides a physical insight into the selection of empirical orthogonal functions obtained from principal component pulsed thermography for the detection of subsurface defects located inside a mild steel specimen.

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Yang, B., P. K. Liaw, J. Y. Huang, R. C. Kuo, J. G. Huang, and D. E. Fielden. "Stress Analyses and Geometry Effects During Cyclic Loading Using Thermography." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1836793.

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A high-speed and high-sensitivity thermographic-infrared (IR) imaging system has been used to investigate the temperature evolutions of SA533B1 steel specimens during high-cycle fatigue experiments. Both thermodynamics and heat-transfer theories are applied to quantify the relationship between the observed temperature variations and stress–strain states during fatigue. The thermoelastic effect has been utilized to calculate the maximum stress level during fatigue testing. The predicted results matched the experimental data quite well. Different temperature and strain behaviors have been observed between cylindrical and flat specimens during high-cycle fatigue experiments. Explanations have been provided, based on Lu¨ders band evolutions in flat specimens during fatigue, which have been observed in detail by thermography. Numerical methods have been provided to convert the temperature map (thermograph) into heat-dissipation-rate (HDR) map, which illustrates the kinetics of the Lu¨ders-band evolution. Thus, the thermography technology can provide an effective means to “watch” and “quantify” the heat-evolution processes, such as the mechanical-damage behaviors, which can open up new opportunities for in- situ studying mechanical and phase-transformation behaviors in detail.

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Aidar and Bauer. "Correction of Thermographic Contrast Values in Relation to the Average Temperature of the Region for Comparative Analysis of Anomalies Exposed to Different Thermal Flows." Proceedings 27, no. 1 (September 23, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019027023.

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In the field of civil construction, infrared thermography can be used as a tool for inspection of building elements such as facade inspection. The large amount of variables involved in the thermal flow acting on the facade of a building makes it difficult to compare different points of the facade. This work suggests the correction of the thermographic contrast values of the anomalies (Delta-T) in the relation at the average temperature of the region in which the anomaly is located. The results demonstrate a good correlation between the values of Delta-T and the adjusted Delta-T, thus legitimizing the use of adjusted Delta-T as a function of thermographic contrast.

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Stojek, Krzysztof Jakub, Jan Felba, Johann Nicolics, and Dominik Wołczyński. "Impact of convection on thermographic analysis of silver based thermal joints." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 32, no. 4 (May 28, 2020): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-11-2019-0040.

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Purpose This paper aims to develop thermal analysis method of thermal joints characterization. The impact on convection on thermal resistance analysis with use thermography for silver-based thermal joints were investigated for non-metallized and metalized semiconductor surfaces. Heat transfer efficiency depends on thermal conductivity; radiation was used to perform thermographic analysis; the convection is energy loss, so its removing might improve measurements accuracy. Design/methodology/approach Investigation of thermal joints analysis method was focused on determination of convection impact on thermal resistance thermographic analysis method. Measuring samples placed in vacuum chamber with lowered pressure requires transparent window for infrared radiation that is used for thermographic analysis. Impact of infrared window and convection on temperature measurements and thermal resistance were referred. Findings The results showed that the silicon window allowed to perform thermal analysis through, and the convection was heat transfer mode which create 15% energy loss. Originality/value It is possible to measure thermal resistance for silver-based thermal joints with convection eliminated to improve measurements accuracy.

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D’Accardi, Ester, Davide Palumbo, Rosanna Tamborrino, and Umberto Galietti. "A Quantitative Comparison Among Different Algorithms for Defects Detection on Aluminum with the Pulsed Thermography Technique." Metals 8, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8100859.

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Pulsed thermography is commonly used as a non-destructive technique for evaluating defects within materials and components. In the last few years, many algorithms have been developed with the aim to detect defects and different methods have been used for detecting their size and depth. However, only few works in the literature reported a comparison among the different algorithms in terms of the number of detected defects, the time spent in testing and analysis, and the quantitative evaluation of size and depth. In this work, starting from a pulsed thermographic test carried out on an aluminum specimen with twenty flat bottom holes of known nominal size and depth, different algorithms have been used with the aim to obtain a comparison among them in terms of signal to background contrast (SBC) and number of detected defects by analyzing different time intervals. Moreover, the correlation between SBC and the aspect ratio of the defects has been investigated. The algorithms used have been: Pulsed Phase Thermography (PPT), Slope, Correlation Coefficient (R2), Thermal Signal Reconstruction (TSR) and Principal Component Thermography (PCT). The results showed the advantages, disadvantages, and sensitivity of the various thermographic algorithms.

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Sfarra, Stefano, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Carlo Santulli, Domenica Paoletti, and Xavier Maldague. "Monitoring of jute/hemp fiber hybrid laminates by nondestructive testing techniques." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 23, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0138.

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AbstractDamage following static indentation of jute/hemp (50 wt.% total fiber content) hybrid laminates was detected by a number of nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques, in particular, near (NIR) and short-wave (SWIR) infrared reflectography and transmittography, infrared thermography (IRT), digital speckle photography (DSP), and holographic interferometry (HI), to discover and evaluate real defects in a laminate with a complex structure. A comparative study between thermographic data acquired in the mid- (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum bands, by pulsed (PT) and square pulse (SPT) thermography, is reported and analyzed. A thermal simulation by COMSOL® Multiphysics (COMSOL Inc., Burlington, MA, USA) to validate the heating provided is also added. The robust SOBI (SOBI-RO) algorithm, available into the ICALAB Toolbox (BSI RIKEN ABSP Lab, Hirosawa, Japan) and operating in the MATLAB® (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA) environment, was applied on SPT data with results comparable to the ones acquired by several thermographic techniques. Finally, segmentation operators were applied both to the NIR/SWIR transmittography images and to a characteristic principal component thermography (PCT) image (EOFs) to visualize damage in the area surrounding indentation.

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Wu, Cui Qin, Wei Ping Wang, Qi Gang Yuan, Yan Jun Li, Wei Zhang, and Xiang Dong Zhang. "Experiments of Infrared Thermography NDT in Composite Materials with Honeycomb Sandwich Structure." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.127.

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To estimate the disbond defects of the carbon fiber composite materials with honeycomb sandwich structure applied in the aerospace, active infrared thermographic NDT (non-destructive testing) is researched. The specimen with known disbond defects is detected by an active infrared thermography system. The specimen is stimulated by a pulse heating source. Based on the thermal wave propagation theory, the surface temperature of the specimen contained defects will differ from the surrounding sound area because of their different thermal-physical properties. The surface temperature is monitored using infrared camera and analyzed by a computer in the time domain. The experiment results show that the active infrared thermographic NDT is rapid, effective and intuitive for detecting the disbond defects in composite materials with honeycomb sandwich structure.

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Hodorowicz-Zaniewska, Diana, Stefano Zurrida, Agnieszka Kotlarz, Piotr Kasprzak, Jan Skupień, Anna Ćwierz, Tadeusz J. Popiela, Adrian Maciejewski, and Paweł Basta. "A Prospective Pilot Study on Use of Liquid Crystal Thermography to Detect Early Breast Cancer." Integrative Cancer Therapies 19 (January 2020): 153473542091577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735420915778.

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. While mammography is the standard for early detection in women older than 50 years of age, there is no standard for younger women. The aim of this prospective pilot study was to assess liquid crystal contact thermography, using the Braster device, as a means for the early detection of breast cancer. The device is intended to be used as a complementary tool to standard of care (sonography, mammography, etc). Patients and Methods: A total of 274 consecutive women presenting at Polish breast centers for prophylactic breast examination were enrolled to receive thermography; 19 were excluded for errors in thermographic image acquisition. The women were divided according to age (n = 135, <50 years; n = 120, ≥50 years). A control population was included (n = 40, <50 years; n = 23, ≥50 years). The primary endpoint, stratified by age group, was the C-statistic for discrimination between breast cancer and noncancer. Results: In women with abnormal breast ultrasound (n = 95, <50 years; n = 87, ≥50 years), the C-statistic was 0.85 and 0.75, respectively ( P = .20), for discrimination between breast cancer and noncancer. Sensitivity did not differ ( P = .79) between the younger (82%) and older women (78%), while specificity was lower in the older women (60% vs 87%, P = .025). The false-positive rate was similar in women with normal and abnormal breast ultrasound. Positive thermographic result in women with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) 4A on ultrasound increased the probability of breast cancer by over 2-fold. Conversely, a negative thermographic result decreased the probability of cancer more than 3-fold. Breast size and structure did not affect the thermography performance. No adverse events were observed. Conclusions: Thermography performed well in women <50 years of age, while its specificity in women ≥50 years was inadequate. These promising findings suggest that the Braster device deserves further investigation as a supporting tool for the early detection of breast cancer in women younger than 50 years of age.

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Barros, Ana, Joaquim Mendes, André Moreira, Ricardo Vardasca, Miguel Pais Clemente, and Afonso Pinhão Ferreira. "Thermographic Study of the Orofacial Structures Involved in Clarinetists Musical Performance." Dentistry Journal 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj6040062.

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Introduction: Wind instrumentalists like clarinetists, may present a muscular hyperactivity on certain groups of the cranio-cervico-mandibular complex, due to their musical activity. Therefore, the use of infrared thermography can be used to assess and characterize the orofacial structures involved in clarinet performance. Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze and record the thermal patterns using the thermographic camera Flir® E60sc to evaluate anatomically and physiologically certain orofacial structures of the cranio-cervical-mandibular complex, such as the masticatory muscles and the region of the temporomandibular joint. Methodology: A sample of 30 clarinetists completed an individual questionnaire composed of two components (musical and clinical history of the participant), and were subjected to a clinical examination. Four thermographic images were taken of the cranio-cervical-mandibular complex at a rest position with frontal, right lateral, left lateral and anterior dentoalveolar components views. Each musician performed a piece of music for an uninterrupted period of 10 min. New thermographic images were captured with the same incidences, after the performance, respecting the same protocol. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the areas corresponding to the left temporal muscle, the orbicularis muscle (labial component), the left and right perioral teguments, as well as in the upper central incisors. There was also statistical evidence regarding the initial and final temperature asymmetries regarding temporal muscle and orbicular muscles (labial and marginal components). Conclusion: Infrared thermography has been shown to be an effective complementary diagnostic tool in the monitorization of the cranio-cervical-mandibular complex of clarinetists.

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Tu, Katherine, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Stefano Sfarra, Yuan Yao, and Xavier P. V. Maldague. "Multiscale Analysis of Solar Loading Thermographic Signals for Wall Structure Inspection." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 2806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082806.

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Infrared thermography has been widely adopted in many applications for material structure inspection, where data analysis methods are often implemented to elaborate raw thermal data and to characterize material structural properties. Herein, a multiscale thermographic data analysis framework is proposed and applied to building structure inspection. In detail, thermograms are first collected by conducting solar loading thermography, which are then decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions under different spatial scales by multidimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition. At each scale, principal component analysis (PCA) is implemented for feature extraction. By visualizing the loading vectors of PCA, the important building structures are highlighted. Compared with principal component thermography that applies PCA directly to raw thermal data, the proposed multiscale analysis method is able to zoom in on different types of structural features.

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Chudzicka-Adamczak, Marta. "Thermal insulation of a public transport vehicle - tram with the use of thermal imaging measurements." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2019): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.030.

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The article presents the possibility of using thermography to assess the quality of thermal insulation of public transport vehicles on the example of a tram. Such tests are aimed at detecting places where there is an uncontrolled heat loss. Thermographic tests were carried out for two trams: from the eighties of the twentieth century and from the present.

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Kim, Jeong Guk, Seung Koo Baek, Chang Young Lee, and Sung Cheol Yoon. "Deterioration and Thermographic Analyses of Electrical Units in Diesel Locomotive." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.729.

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The electrical units of diesel electric locomotives, which were used for over 30 years, were characterized for deterioration evaluation through insulation resistance measurement, degradation testing, and infrared thermography method. Especially, an infrared camera and thermocouples were employed for the evaluation. The thermocouples were attached on high-voltage cables connected to traction motors, for in-situ measurement of abnormal heating during test running. After test running, the thermographic images were obtained for the inspection of high-voltage cables using the infrared camera. The thermographic results were quantitatively analyzed, and compared with temperature changes during running. In this investigation, various analysis techniques for the safety characterization of diesel electric locomotives have been introduced, and the analysis results have been used to provide the deterioration or wear information in current locomotive systems.

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Jelinek, M., and G. Reinhart. "Flexibles Greifen im thermografischen Prüfprozess*/Flexible gripping in thermographic inspection - Methodological gripper development for handling a range of curved CFRP structures." wt Werkstattstechnik online 105, no. 09 (2015): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2015-09-15.

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Die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Strukturbauteilen aus kohlenstofffaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK) mithilfe der aktiven Thermografie ist von einer Vielzahl manueller Tätigkeiten geprägt. Um die Drapierung des jeweiligen Prüfobjekts vor den thermografischen Anregungsquellen und der Thermografiekamera automatisiert sowie ohne Greiferwechsel durchführen zu können, wurde ein flexibles Greifsystem systematisch entwickelt. Es ist in der Lage, sich bauteilspezifisch anzupassen und im thermografischen Prüfprozess störungsfrei zu agieren.   The non-destructive inspection of CFRP structures utilizing active thermography is characterized by a wide range of manual tasks. A flexible gripping system operating free of interference in the thermographic inspection procedure and also capable of adapting itself to specific components was methodologically developed. The system drapes certain test specimens automatically in front of the thermal excitation sources as well as in the thermographic camera’s field of view without a gripper change.

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Oe, Makoto, Kahori Tsuruoka, Yumiko Ohashi, Kimie Takehara, Hiroshi Noguchi, Taketoshi Mori, Toshimasa Yamauchi, and Hiromi Sanada. "Prevention of diabetic foot ulcers using a smartphone and mobile thermography: a case study." Journal of Wound Care 30, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2021.30.2.116.

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Objective: Early identification of pre-ulcerative pathology is important to preventing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), but signs of inflammation are difficult to detect on the feet of patients with diabetic neuropathy due to decreased sensation. However, infrared thermography can objectively identify inflammation. Therefore, a device that allows patients to visualise thermograms of their feet might be an effective way to prevent DFU. We aimed to determine the effects of a novel self-monitoring device to prevent DFU using a thermograph attached to a smartphone. Method: A self-monitoring device comprising a mobile thermograph attached to a smartphone on a selfie stick was created, and its effects in two patients with diabetic neuropathy and foot calluses assessed. Results: For one patient, he understood that walking too much increased the temperature in the skin of his feet (a sign of inflammation). The other patient could not detect high-risk findings, because the temperature of his skin did not increase during the study period. Conclusion: This device might provide self-care incentives to prevent DFU, although some issues, such as the automatic detection of high-risk thermographic changes, need to be improved.

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Emetere, Moses E. "Forecasting Hydrological Disaster Using Environmental Thermographic Modeling." Advances in Meteorology 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/783718.

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The concept of thermographic model is new to environmental studies. Its mode of operation is fairly synonymous to the operational technique of the regular thermography machine. The location of the study area is between latitudes 8°24′N and 9°20′N of the equator and between longitudes 7°30′E and 8°48′E of the Greenwich Meridian. The subsoil for the soil samples was identified within the particles range 63 ± 3% sand, 28 ± 5% clay, 6 ± 2% silt, 0.9 ± 0.3% organic carbon, and 1 ± 0.2% organic matter. Field work was carried out and the measurements obtained were validated using satellite data. At shallow ground depth, the thermal diffusivity is not proportional to either the increase or the decrease in the ground temperatures. Features of the temperature anomaly showed strange shifts per month within 2012. The environmental thermographic model (ETM) can be adopted by meteorological ground stations to investigate the net radiation over the land. The ability of the ETM could be extended to monitoring ground anomalies like fractures of basic rocks amongst others.

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Dziarski, Krzysztof, Arkadiusz Hulewicz, and Grzegorz Dombek. "Thermographic Measurement of the Temperature of Reactive Power Compensation Capacitors." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 5736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185736.

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An excessive increase in reactive power consumption is unfavorable from the point of view of a power system. For this reason, devices compensating reactive power consumption are used. The capacitor is one such device. Capacitors must be tested regularly during their exploitation. One of the activities that should be performed is testing the degree of heating of the cells of a capacitor bank. Thermography can be used to perform such tests. This non-contact method has its limitations. Due to the angular emissivity and the change in the distance between the lens and the object under observation, the temperature measured with a thermographic camera may differ from the actual temperature. This phenomenon is visible on cylindrical capacitor cases. Consequently, depending on the location of the observation point on the capacitor case, the result of the thermographic temperature measurement may be different. To investigate this phenomenon, experimental work has been undertaken.

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Platão Seabra Paiva, Luã, Livia Da Silva Oliveira, David Barbosa de Alencar, and Paulo Oliveira Siqueira Júnior. "Predictive Maintenance Through Thermographic Analysis: Case Study in a Manaus Industrial Pole Company." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 898–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1945.

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Due to the high demand for electricity in the manufacturing industry, companies to obtain greater profitability on their produced goods, seek and adopt ways to reduce energy consumption, and use predictive maintenance as a tool by applying thermography. Thus, the purpose of the research is to show the importance of thermographic analysis for assessing losses and preserving the safety of the company's physical facilities. The research is descriptive, qualitative and case study. The instrument used for data collection were direct observation and document analysis. In this context, the results obtained were the mapping in the manufacturing facilities and the identification of some failures in the company's electrical system. After this data collection process, it was possible to analyze and plan the corrective actions. In conclusion, it is possible to reduce manufacturing costs through predictive maintenance through the thermographic analysis tool, positively impacting the company's financial results.

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de Carvalho, Gabriela, Carlos Eduardo Girasol, Luiz Guilherme Cruz Gonçalves, Elaine Caldeira Oliveira Guirro, and Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus Guirro. "Correlation between skin temperature in the lower limbs and biochemical marker, performance data, and clinical recovery scales." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e0248653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248653.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between tools commonly used in the detection of physiological changes, such as clinical complaints, a biochemical marker of muscle injury, and performance data during official matches, with infrared thermography, which has been commonly used in the possible tracking of musculoskeletal injuries in athletes. Twenty-two athletes from a professional soccer club (age 27.7 ± 3.93 years; BMI 24.35 ± 1.80 kg/cm2) were followed during the season of a national championship, totaling 19 matches with an interval of 7 days between matches. At each match, the athletes used a Global Positioning System (GPS) device to collect performance data. Forty-eight hours after each match, every athlete’s perception of recovery, fatigue, and pain was documented. Blood was collected for creatine kinase (CK) analysis, and infrared thermography was applied. Only athletes who presented pain above 4 in either limb were included for thermographic analysis. Each thermographic image was divided into 14 regions of interest. For statistical analysis, we included only the images that showed differences ≥ 1° C. Data normality was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with Dallal-Wilkinson-Lilliefors correction. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient to verify the correlation between infrared thermography and the biochemical marker, performance data, and clinical recovery scales. No correlation was observed between mean skin temperature and blood CK levels, pain level, perception of recovery, and fatigue perception (r <0.2, p>0.05). Thus, infrared thermography did not correlate with CK level, pain, fatigue perception, or recovery, nor with performance variables within the field.

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Gerasimenko, M. Yu, E. P. Glushkova, D. Yu Gorbunova, Yu Yu Byalovsky, S. V. Bulatetskiy, and A. V. Ivanov. "Magnetotherapy in patients with knee osteoarthrosis: thermographic efficacy indicators." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 17, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1681-3456-2018-17-4-185-191.

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Background. Osteoarthrosis is characterized by wide prevalence, especially among patients of older age groups, a high risk of restrictions on the musculoskeletal system function, which results in the patients impaired ability to work and reduced quality of life. Aim: investigate the possibilities of thermographic assessment of efficiency of magnetotherapy of the articular syndrome in osteoarthrosis of the knee joints. Methods. The study included 57 patients (46 women and 11 men) with osteoarthrosis of the knee joints (mean age 61.27.4 years). The patients were divided into two groups. In the group 1 (n=29), magnetotherapy with the ALMAG-01 apparatus was used, while in the group 2 (n=28), the placebo apparatus was applied. Results. The inclusion of magnetotherapy in the complex therapy of osteoarthrosis of the knee joints, according to thermographic data, increases significantly the efficiency of treatment and differs significantly from the placebo magnetotherapy procedures. In patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee joints of the X-ray stages I and II, a combination of course treatment using a traveling pulsed magnetic field and standard drug therapy revealed a positive dynamics in normalization of the temperature balance of the joints. In patients with osteoarthrosis of the X-ray stage I, the minimum efficiency of magnetotherapy was revealed according to thermography, which indicates low severity of the inflammatory joint syndrome. Conclusion. The method of infrared thermography can be used as a diagnostic technique, as it reflects the degree of activity of the inflammatory process in the joints with osteoarthrosis.

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Leunbach, Ib, and Drag Denmara. "5263482 Thermographic imaging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12, no. 5 (January 1994): XXXI. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(94)92323-x.

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Simonov, Denis, Vladimir Vavilov, and Arseniy Chulkov. "Infrared thermographic detector of hidden corrosion." Sensor Review 40, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-12-2019-0322.

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Purpose Active infrared (IR) thermography, because of its high productivity and illustrativeness, is a promising technique in nondestructive testing (NDT). The purpose of this paper is to discuss a concept and practical implementation of a portable experimental unit intended for IR thermographic NDT of corrosion in metallic shells. Design/methodology/approach The basic theory relates to the analysis of heat conduction in a plate with rear-surface material loss subjected to pulse, thermal wave or arbitrary heating. Findings The amplitude of temperature anomalies over defects and their characteristic observation times depend on material loss, size and shape of corrosion defects. A flexible architecture of the inspection unit is proposed to include flash tubes, halogen lamps and laser-emitting diode (LED) panels as sources of stimulating thermal radiation. In particular, LED heaters might be perspective due to their narrow spectral band, which is beyond a spectral sensitivity of modern IR imagers. It has been found that the IR thermographic technique is convenient for detecting material loss of up to 15–20 per cent in uniformly painted steel shells with thickness up to 8 mm. The concept of signal-to-noise ratio has been applied to evaluate efficiency of data processing techniques, such as Fourier transform and principal component analysis. Originality/value The developed equipment and inspection guidelines can be used for detecting hidden corrosion in metallic objects, such as above-ground tanks, pipes, containers, etc.

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Ciatto, Stefano, Marco Rosselli Del Turco, Silvia Cecchini, Grazia Grazzini, and Anna Iossa. "Telethermography and Breast Cancer Risk Prediction." Tumori Journal 75, no. 2 (April 1989): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168907500206.

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The authors report on 4,624 noncancer women classified by telethermography (TH1-2 vs TH3) and followed for an average of 6.6 years (range, 2–12). Breast cancer occurring beyond the sixth month from TH were recorded according to a Cancer Registry, and the association between breast cancer incidence and thermographic class or patient age was evaluated. Univariate analysis showed a significant association of age and thermography with further cancer incidence, but multivariate analysis (Cox's model) confirmed a significant association only for age. Thermography (TH3) showed a nonsignificant odds ratio of 1.6 with respect to TH1-2 cases. Thus thermography did not show any practical role as a breast cancer risk indicator. Possible biases affecting previous reports suggesting the use of thermography as a breast cancer risk indicator are discussed.

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PRACHT, Monika, and Waldemar ŚWIDERSKI. "Experimental Testing of Aramid Composite Applied in Ballistic Armour by Ultrasonic IR Thermography." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2117.

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Reference samples, in which artificial discontinuities (defects) are fabricated, are used to verify non-destructive testing procedures. Artificial discontinuities are known defects of reference samples and enable verification the feasibility of the verified NDT method for the identification of location and depth of discontinuities. Thermographic inspection of reference samples also helps to determine the required thermal input source parameters to test samples. This paper presents the results of experimental testing for ultrasonic IR thermography of defects in aramid composite laminate intended for light ballistic armour. Specimens of the aramid composite material included artificial defects and were inspected at various ultrasonic frequencies. Optical thermography and X-ray inspection were carried out on the same specimens, and their results were compared to those determined with ultrasonic IR thermography.

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Scheidt, Sebastian, Julian Rüwald, Frank Alexander Schildberg, Anne Katrin Mahlein, Axel Seuser, Dieter Christian Wirtz, and Cornelius Jacobs. "A Systematic Review on the Value of Infrared Thermography in the Early Detection of Periprosthetic Joint Infections." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie 158, no. 04 (September 16, 2019): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0969-8675.

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Abstract Background Variations in the temperature of body and skin are symptoms of many pathological changes. Although joint replacement surgery of hip and knee has been very successful in recent decades, periprosthetic infection is a growing problem and the number one reason for revision. While many studies have investigated changes in blood levels, investigation of temperature has not been performed on a regular basis. The objective of this work is to determine whether reference literature exists for the infrared thermographic examination in knee and hip arthroplasty and if reference values can be derived for the methodology or if there is a peri- and postoperative benefit. Material und Methods By means of a systematic online database search and based on the Cochrane, PICOT and PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review retrieved 254 studies. All publications with thermographic examination in arthroplasty of the hip and knee were imbedded. 249 studies were excluded due to the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and five studies with 251 patients have finally been included in the evaluation process. This was followed by an analysis and discussion of the methodology. Results and Conclusion Infrared thermography is a useful tool in the perioperative care of patients after arthroplasty of the knee and hip joint. The technology is portable, easy to use and non-invasive. Based only on these few publications, values can be derived, which provide a guidance for the thermographic aftercare in arthroplasty surgery.

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Kim, Jeong Guk, Byeong Choon Goo, Sung Cheol Yoon, and Sung Tae Kwon. "Thermographic Investigation of Hot Spots in Railway Brake Discs." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.669.

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Damage evolution due to generation of hot spots on railway brake disc was investigated using the infrared thermography method. A brake disc with gray cast iron, which is currently used in Korea, was employed for this investigation. A high-speed infrared camera was used to measure the surface temperature of brake disc as well as for in-situ monitoring of hot spot evolution. From the thermographic images, the observed hot spots and thermal damage of railway brake disc during braking operation were qualitatively analyzed. Moreover, in this investigation, the previous experimental and theoretical studies on hot spots phenomenon were reviewed, and the current experimental results were introduced and compared with theoretical prediction.

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Lee, Joon Hyun, and Jeong Guk Kim. "Thermographic Damage Detection of Ceramic Matrix Composites During Tension Testing." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.825.

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The fracture behavior of Nicalon fiber reinforced calcium aluminosilicate (CAS) glass-ceramic matrix composites (Nicalon/CAS) was investigated with the aid of a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique. Infrared (IR) thermography was employed for unidirectional Nicalon/CAS composite specimens. During tensile testing, an IR camera was used for in-situ monitoring of progressive damages of Nicalon/CAS samples. The IR camera provided the temperature changes during tensile testing. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to investigate the fracture mechanisms of Nicalon/CAS composites. In this investigation, the thermographic NDE technique was used to facilitate a better understanding of the fracture mechanisms of the Nicalon/CAS composites during tensile testing.

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Paranzini, C. S., G. S. Cardoso, A. K. Souza, F. M. Perencin, C. A. A. Melanda, A. P. F. R. L. Bracarense, and M. I. M. Martins. "Use of infrared thermography to evaluate the inflammatory reaction in cat testis after intratesticular injection of 0.9% NaCl or 20% CaCl2 with 1% lidocaine." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 71, no. 3 (June 2019): 929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10741.

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ABSTRACT Due to the doubts and questions about the inflammatory reaction caused by chemical castration, this study aimed to use infrared thermography to detect, evaluate and monitor the inflammatory reaction caused by the intratesticular injection of calcium chloride (CaCl2) 20% with lidocaine 1%. For this, thermographic measurements were taken before (M0), 10 minutes (M1), 1 and 6 hours (M2 and M3), for 7 consecutive days (M4 to M10), at 15 (M11), 30 (M12) and 60 (M13) days after intratesticular injection. Additionally, changes to testicular tissue and effects over spermatogenesis were evaluated by andrological exam before (M0) and 60 days (M13) after intratesticular injection. All cats were orchiectomized at M13, and testicles were submitted to histological analysis. CaCl2 (20%) with lidocaine (1%) administration produced testicular tissue damage and interfered with the spermatogenesis in 70% of treated cats without exacerbating the inflammatory reaction or impairing the cat’s welfare. It was concluded that thermographic evaluation is a useful, efficient, easy and quick method to diagnose and monitor cat testicular inflammatory reactions.

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Fernandez, Nicolas, Armando Lorenzo, Anne-Sophie Blais, and Clyde Matava. "Thermographic Patterns for Real-time Intraoperative Monitoring of Testicular Reperfusion Following Surgical Testicular Detorsion." Revista Urología Colombiana / Colombian Urology Journal 27, no. 03 (May 29, 2018): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656559.

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AbstractA 5-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with testicular torsion. Intraoperative sequential infrared thermographic images were registered in real-time using a FLIR One (FLIR Systems, Inc., Wilsonville, OR, US) infrared camera. The temperatures of the scrotum and the testis prior to scrotal exploration were 43.6°C on the affected side, and 41.7°C on the contralateral side. The core temperature of the patient was 36.8°C. Immediately after the tunica vaginalis had been opened and the testis had been brought out through the incision, the temperature of the testicle was 31.5°C. After 30 seconds of being detorted, the temperature increased to 34.3°C. The use of intraoperative infrared thermographic imaging helps to detect discrete changes in testicular temperature, which suggests it may be useful to objectively assess reperfusion. Future studies will require more patients to correlate postoperative blood flow to the injured testis as well as volume changes after surgery to see if the intraoperative thermography findings can be used as a predictive tool for postoperative outcomes.

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Pozzer, Sandra, Francisco Dalla Rosa, Zacarias Martin Chamberlain Pravia, Ehsan Rezazadeh Azar, and Xavier Maldague. "Long-Term Numerical Analysis of Subsurface Delamination Detection in Concrete Slabs via Infrared Thermography." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 4323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104323.

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One of the concerns about the use of passive Infrared Thermography (IRT) for structural health monitoring (SHM) is the determination of a favorable period to conduct the inspections. This paper investigates the use of numerical simulations to find appropriate periods for IRT-based detection of subsurface damages in concrete bridge slabs under passive heating along a 1 year of time span. A model was built using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and calibrated using the results of a set of thermographic field inspections on a concrete slab sample. The results showed that the numerical simulation properly reproduced the experimental thermographic measurements of the concrete structure under passive heating, allowing the analysis to be extended for a longer testing period. The long-term FEM results demonstrated that the months of spring and summer are the most suitable for passive IRT inspections in this study, with around 17% more detections compared to the autumn and winter periods in Brazil. By enhancing the possibility of using FEM beyond the design stage, we demonstrate that this computation tool can provide support to long-term SHM.

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Gatt, Alfred, Cynthia Formosa, Kevin Cassar, Kenneth P. Camilleri, Clifford De Raffaele, Anabelle Mizzi, Carl Azzopardi, et al. "Thermographic Patterns of the Upper and Lower Limbs: Baseline Data." International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/831369.

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Objectives. To collect normative baseline data and identify any significant differences between hand and foot thermographic distribution patterns in a healthy adult population.Design. A single-centre, randomized, prospective study.Methods. Thermographic data was acquired using a FLIR camera for the data acquisition of both plantar and dorsal aspects of the feet, volar aspects of the hands, and anterior aspects of the lower limbs under controlled climate conditions.Results. There is general symmetry in skin temperature between the same regions in contralateral limbs, in terms of both magnitude and pattern. There was also minimal intersubject temperature variation with a consistent temperature pattern in toes and fingers. The thumb is the warmest digit with the temperature falling gradually between the 2nd and the 5th fingers. The big toe and the 5th toe are the warmest digits with the 2nd to the 4th toes being cooler.Conclusion. Measurement of skin temperature of the limbs using a thermal camera is feasible and reproducible. Temperature patterns in fingers and toes are consistent with similar temperatures in contralateral limbs in healthy subjects. This study provides the basis for further research to assess the clinical usefulness of thermography in the diagnosis of vascular insufficiency.

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Wu, Cui Qin, Wei Ping Wang, Qi Gang Yuan, Yan Jun Li, Wei Zhang, and Xiang Dong Zhang. "Infrared Thermography Non-Destructive Testing of Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1307.

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To detect the delamination, disbond，inclusion defects of the glass fiber composite materials applied in the solid rocket motor, active infrared thermographic non-destructive testing(NDT) is researched. The samples including known defects are heated by pulsed high energy flash lamp. The surface temperature of the samples is monitored by infrared thermography camera. The results of the experiments show that the active infrared thermography technique is a fast and effective inspection method for detecting the defects of delamination, disbond，inclusion of the composites. The samples are also detected by underwater ultrasonic c-scans. The paper concludes that the active infrared thermography NDT is more suitable to rapidly detect the defect in large-area and the underwater ultrasonic c-scans is more suitable to quantitatively identify the defect in local-area.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermographic'

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