Academic literature on the topic 'Thermolysis of plasma'
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Journal articles on the topic "Thermolysis of plasma"
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Tsybulev, P. N., V. A. Pop, P. N. Voronin, I. V. Ocheretyanyi, and N. V. Parkhomenko. "Synthesis of oxide catalysts by thermolysis of solutions in a plasma flow." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 70, no. 4 (1997): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02663579.
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Sandu, Viorel, Gheorghe Aldica, Petre Badica, Andrei Kuncser, and Yuichiro Hayasaka. "Insertion versus Growth of Magnetic Nanoparticles in MgB2 Superconducting Composites." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.458.
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MgB2-based superconducting composites with magnetic nanoparticles were fabricated by spark plasma sintering technique. Two methods have been used to create nanoparticles within MgB2 matrix: i) direct insertion of passivated magnetic nanoparticles; ii) growth of magnetic nanoparticles by thermolysis of polymers or metallo-organic precursors. These composites display an enhanced critical current density due to the additional magnetic pinning generated by the magnetic interaction with the flux lines.
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Son, Byung-Koo, Kyu-Hang Lee, Tae-Hee Kim, Myung-Sun Shin, Sun-Yong Choi, and Guangsup Cho. "Purification and Nitrogen Doping of Nanothin Exfoliated Graphite Through RF Thermal Plasma Treatment." Nanomaterials 9, no. 7 (2019): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9070995.
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A mixture of nanothin exfoliated (NTE) graphite and urea (CO(NH2)2) powder was treated with radio frequency (RF) thermal plasma to achieve in situ purification and nitrogen doping of NTE graphite using the high-temperature flame of the RF plasma. Reactive species such as NH3, NH2, and HCNO generated by the thermolysis of urea play an important role in the purification and nitrogen doping of NTE graphite. The nitrogen content of NTE graphite subjected to plasma treatment increased by 5 times compared with that of raw NTE graphite. Three types of nitrogen species, namely, quaternary N, pyridinic N, and pyrrolic N, were observed after N doping with plasma treatment. The sheet resistance of N-doped NTE graphite reduced to 12–21% compared to that of the untreated NTE graphite, with the corresponding resistivity being ~7 × 10−6 Ω m.
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Janiak, Christoph. "Ionic Liquids for the Synthesis and Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 68, no. 10 (2013): 1059–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2013-3140.
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The synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles (M-NPs) from metals, metal salts, metal complexes and metal carbonyls in ionic liquids (ILs) is reviewed. The electrostatic and steric properties of ionic liquids allow for the stabilization of M-NPs without the need of additional stabilizers, surfactants or capping ligands. The synthesis of M-NPs in ILs can be carried out by chemical or electroreduction, thermolysis and photochemical methods including decomposition by microwave or sono-/ultrasound irradiation. Gas-phase syntheses can use sputtering, plasma/glow-discharge electrolysis and physical vapor deposition or electron beam and γ-irradiation. Metal carbonyl precursors Mx(CO)y contain the metal atoms already in the zero-valent oxidation state needed for M-NPs so that no extra reducing agent is necessary. Microwave-induced thermal decomposition of precursors in ILs is a rapid and energy-saving access to M-NPs because of the significant absorption efficiency of ILs for microwave energy due to their ionic charge, high polarity and high dielectric constant. M-NP=IL dispersions can be applied in catalytic reactions, e. g., in C-C coupling or hydrogenation catalysis.
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Hamawandi, Bejan, Sedat Ballikaya, Mikael Råsander, et al. "Composition Tuning of Nanostructured Binary Copper Selenides through Rapid Chemical Synthesis and Their Thermoelectric Property Evaluation." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (2020): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050854.
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Reduced energy consumption and environmentally friendly, abundant constituents are gaining more attention for the synthesis of energy materials. A rapid, highly scalable, and process-temperature-sensitive solution synthesis route is demonstrated for the fabrication of thermoelectric (TE) Cu2−xSe. The process relies on readily available precursors and microwave-assisted thermolysis, which is sensitive to reaction conditions; yielding Cu1.8Se at 200 °C and Cu2Se at 250 °C within 6–8 min reaction time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed crystalline nature of as-made particles with irregular truncated morphology, which exhibit a high phase purity as identified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis. Temperature-dependent transport properties were characterized via electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal diffusivity measurements. Subsequent to spark plasma sintering, pure Cu1.8Se exhibited highly compacted and oriented grains that were similar in size in comparison to Cu2Se, which led to its high electrical and low thermal conductivity, reaching a very high power-factor (24 µW/K−2cm−1). Density-of-states (DOS) calculations confirm the observed trends in electronic properties of the material, where Cu-deficient phase exhibits metallic character. The TE figure of merit (ZT) was estimated for the materials, demonstrating an unprecedentedly high ZT at 875 K of 2.1 for Cu1.8Se sample, followed by 1.9 for Cu2Se. Synthetic and processing methods presented in this work enable large-scale production of TE materials and components for niche applications.
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Takada, Y., R. A. Skidgel, and E. G. Erdös. "Purification of human urinary prokallikrein. Identification of the site of activation by the metalloproteinase thermolysin." Biochemical Journal 232, no. 3 (1985): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2320851.
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Human urinary active kallikrein and prokallikrein were separated on DEAE-cellulose and octyl-Sepharose columns and both purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography, gel filtration and hydrophobic h.p.l.c. Prokallikrein was monitored during purification by trypsin activation followed by determination of both amidase and kininogenase activity. After trypsin activation, purified prokallikrein had a specific kininogenase activity of 39.4 micrograms of bradykinin equivalent/min per mg and amidase activity of 16.5 mumol/min per mg with D-Val-Leu-Arg-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin. Purified active kallikrein had a specific activity of 47 micrograms of bradykinin/min per mg. The molecular mass of prokallikrein was 48 kDa on electrophoresis and 53 kDa on gel filtration whereas active kallikrein gave values of 46 kDa and 53 kDa respectively. Antisera to active and prokallikrein were obtained. In double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, antiserum to active kallikrein reacted with active and pro-kallikrein. Antiserum to prokallikrein contained antibodies to determinants not found in active kallikrein, presumably due to the presence of the activation peptide in the proenzyme. Human prokallikrein can be activated by thermolysin, trypsin and human plasma kallikrein. Activation of 50% of the prokallikrein (1.35 microM) was achieved in 30 min with 25 nM-thermolysin, 78 nM-trypsin or 180 nM-human plasma kallikrein. Thus thermolysin was the most effective activator. Thermolysin activated prokallikrein by releasing active kallikrein with N-terminal Ile1-Val2. Thus human tissue (glandular) prokallikrein can be activated by two types of enzymes: serine proteinases, which cleave at the C-terminus of basic amino acids, and by a metalloproteinase that cleaves at the N-terminus of hydrophobic amino acids.
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Chaponnier, C., P. A. Janmey, and H. L. Yin. "The actin filament-severing domain of plasma gelsolin." Journal of Cell Biology 103, no. 4 (1986): 1473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.103.4.1473.
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Gelsolin, a multifunctional actin-modulating protein, has two actin-binding sites which may interact cooperatively. Native gelsolin requires micromolar Ca2+ for optimal binding of actin to both sites, and for expression of its actin filament-severing function. Recent work has shown that an NH2-terminal chymotryptic 17-kD fragment of human plasma gelsolin contains one of the actin-binding sites, and that this fragment binds to and severs actin filaments weakly irrespective of whether Ca2+ is present. The other binding site is Ca2+ sensitive, and is found in a chymotryptic peptide derived from the COOH-terminal two-thirds of plasma gelsolin; this fragment does not sever F-actin or accelerate the polymerization of actin. This paper documents that larger thermolysin-derived fragments encompassing the NH2-terminal half of gelsolin sever actin filaments as effectively as native plasma gelsolin, although in a Ca2+-insensitive manner. This result indicates that the NH2-terminal half of gelsolin is the actin-severing domain. The stringent Ca2+ requirement for actin severing found in intact gelsolin is not due to a direct effect of Ca2+ on the severing domain, but indirectly through an effect on domains in the COOH-terminal half of the molecule to allow exposure of both actin-binding sites.
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Okada, Y., E. D. Harris, and H. Nagase. "The precursor of a metalloendopeptidase from human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Purification and mechanisms of activation by endopeptidases and 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate." Biochemical Journal 254, no. 3 (1988): 731–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2540731.
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Two active forms (Mr 45,000 and 28,000) of a metalloendopeptidase that digest proteoglycans and other extracellular matrix components of connective tissues have previously been purified from rheumatoid synovial cells and characterized [Okada, Nagase & Harris (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 14245-14255]. To study the mechanisms of activation the precursor of this metalloendopeptidase has now been purified. The final products are homogeneous on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and identified as a set of zymogens of Mr 57,000 and 59,000, in which the latter form is probably the product of post-translational glycosylation of the Mr 57,000 zymogen, as it binds to concanavalin A. The zymogen can be activated by trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasma kallikrein, plasmin and thermolysin, but not by thrombin. Although the activated metalloendopeptidase is further degraded by trypsin, plasma kallikrein and thermolysin during a prolonged incubation, it is relatively stable against plasmin and chymotrypsin. Activation with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate is dependent on its concentration. It requires the reaction with the zymogen, possibly through thiol groups, and the continued presence of the agent. During this treatment the zymogen undergoes a sequential processing; first it becomes active without changing its apparent molecular mass, and then it is processed to low-Mr species of Mr 46,000, 45,000 (HMM) and 28,000 (LMM). The rate of conversion of the precursor into an initial intermediate of Mr 46,000 follows first-order kinetics (t1/2 2.0 h with 1.5 mM-4-amino-phenylmercuric acetate at 37 degrees C) and is independent of the initial concentration of the zymogen or the presence of up to a 676-fold molar excess of substrate, whereas the generation of HMM and LMM species is affected by these parameters. These results indicate that activation of the prometalloendopeptidase by an organomercurial compound is initiated by the molecular perturbation of the zymogen that results in conversion into the 46,000-Mr intermediate by an intramolecular action; the subsequent processing of this intermediate in HMM and LMM species is a bimolecular reaction. In vivo it is probable that the precursor of this metalloendopeptidase is activated either by direct limited proteolysis by tissue or plasma endopeptidases, or, alternatively, by factors that cause certain conformational changes in the zymogen molecule.
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Lewandowska, K., E. Balza, L. Zardi, and L. A. Culp. "Requirement for two different cell-binding domains in fibronectin for neurite extension of neuronal derivative cells." Journal of Cell Science 95, no. 1 (1990): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.95.1.75.
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Some neuron-derived cells, such as neuroblastoma cells, adhere and extend neurites on fibronectin (FN) substrata by processes that can be independent of binding to the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser sequence (RGDS in FN) and independent of proteoglycan/ganglioside-binding activities of FN. Proteolytic fragments of various FNs have been used in this study to map a new adhesion-promoting domain in FNs that may be neural cell-specific. A thermolysin-generated fragment of human plasma FN (F110 containing the RGDS domain) or the analagous fragment from transformed human cell FN (F120, also containing the alternately spliced extra domain b[EDb]) facilitate RGDS-independent adherence and neurite extension of human neuroblastoma cells and an F11 hybrid neuronal line (by fusion of mouse neuroblastoma cells with rat dorsal root ganglion neurons) as effectively as adherence and neurite extension on intact FN. Since neither F110 nor F120 contains sequences from the alternately spliced IIICS region of FN, neurite-promoting activity in these fragments cannot be ascribed to a recently discovered cell-binding domain in this region. Furthermore, F120 could be cleaved into two subfragments retaining virtually all the sequence of the parent fragment: F35 from the C terminus of F120 containing the RGDS domain, and F90 from the N terminus containing most of the EDb region bordering the thermolysin cleavage site. These neuronal cells could adhere but not extend neurites on substrata coated with either F35 or F90 alone while 3T3 cells could adhere only on F35. Mixtures of F35 and F90 on substrata could reconstitute some, but not nearly all, of the neurite-promoting activity of F120. Therefore, these data identify a new cell-binding domain in common sequences of FNs on the N-terminal side of EDb and demonstrate cooperativity between this RGDS-independent domain and the RGDS-dependent domain for maximal differentiation of these neuron-derived cells. Several possibilities for a receptor directed to this new domain are discussed.
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Kong, Lulu, Anrui Lu, Jingmin Guan, et al. "THERMOLYSIN DAMAGES ANIMAL LIFE THROUGH DEGRADATION OF PLASMA PROTEINS ENHANCED BY RAPID CLEAVAGE OF SERPINS AND ACTIVATION OF PROTEASES." Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 88, no. 1 (2014): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.21178.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermolysis of plasma"
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Marboutin, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude et à l'optimisation d'une torche à plasma à arc non transféré." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22256/document.
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Le contexte de cette thèse est la production du vecteur énergétique hydrogène par thermolyse de la vapeur d’eau consistant en la dissociation de la molécule H2O en oxygène (O) et hydrogène (H). Le dispositif employé est une torche à plasma d’arc non transféré développée au LAEPT. Après l’exposition de la théorie sur la physique des plasmas et la spectrométrie d’émission atomique nécessaire à l’exploitation des mesures, cette thèse présente l’évolution de la torche à plasma ainsi que son environnement nécessitée par la présence de gaz instables et explosifs. Les mesures des différentes grandeurs électriques, hydrauliques et spéctrométriques ont permis la détermination des caractéristiques physique et chimique d’un plasma formé d’un mélange de vapeur d’eau – d’argon. La détermination de grandeurs telles que la température du jet plasma, la conductivité électrique, l’enthalpie massique et la densité électronique, est basée sur la comparaison entre expérimentation et théorieThe context of this thesis is the production of hydrogen as an energy vector by steam thermolysis consisting in the dissociation of H2O molecule into oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H). The process used is a plasma torch device developed by the LAEPT. After presenting the theory of plasma physics and atomic emission spectroscopy which will help to make the most of the measured realized, this thesis will show the evolution of the plasma torch device and the experimental environment required to work with explosive and unstable gases. Some measurements like electrical, hydraulic and spectroscopy magnitudes made it possible to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of a water vapor – argon plasma. A comparison between experiments and theoretical knowledge will enable to determine the temperature of a flow of plasma, electrical conductivity, enthalpy and the electronic density
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Majoulet, Olivier. "Elaboration de céramiques poreuses ordonnées à base de carbure de silicium." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869142.
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Les céramiques de type non-oxyde à base de silicium ont été très largement étudiées en raison deleurs incroyables propriétés thermostructurales généralement très supérieures à celles desmatériaux conventionnels. En particulier, les carbonitrures de bore et de silicium (SiBCN)proposent une grande fiabilité mécanique et sont stables jusqu'à des températures de l'ordre de2200 °C en raison de la faible mobilité atomique de leurs structures. Le développement de la voie" polymères précéramiques " s'est avéré primordial pour la réalisation de céramiques techniquesaux propriétés contrôlées. Au travers de la thermolyse des polymères, une large gamme decéramiques peut être obtenue à partir de précurseurs moléculaires en contrôlant à la fois lastructure de l'unité monomérique et le degré de polymérisation, mais aussi la procédure dethermolyse. La thermolyse directe des polymères est compatible avec plusieurs types detechniques de mise en forme et offre la possibilité de réaliser des structures et des objets deformes complexes. Le nanomoulage à partir d'un moule poreux et le co-assemblage d'unpolymère précéramique et d'un bloc copolymère sont deux voies largement empruntées pour laproduction de céramiques poreuses ordonnées. Ce manuscrit présente une étude sur l'élaborationde céramiques de type SiBCN mésoporeuses ordonnées selon la méthode du nanomoulage. Lamise en forme de ces poudres céramiques par frittage flash conduit alors à la fabrication demonolithes à porosité hiérarchisée. Une deuxième partie envisage également l'utilisation d'uncopolymère tribloc comme agent structurant pour la synthèse de matériaux mésoporeux ordonnésde type carbure de silicium.
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Fridman, Belinda. "Process development for the production of a therapeutic Affibody® Molecule." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-218861.
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Recently HER3, member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR), has been found to play a crucial role in the development of resistance towards inhibitors that are given to patients with HER1- and HER2-driven cancers. As HER3 is up-regulated or over-activated in several types of human cancers, it is of outmost importance that new innovative drugs target its oncologic activity. The Affibody® Molecule Z08698 inhibits the heregulin induced signalling of HER3 with high affinity (KD~50 pM). As the Affibody® Molecule is small, has high solubility and outstanding folding kinetics, an effective penetration of tumour tissue is suggested together with a rationalized manufacturing process. Further coupling to an albumin binding domain (ABD) expands the plasma half-life of the molecule, hence increasing the molecule's potential of serving as a therapeutic. A process development for production of Z08698-VDGS-ABD094 has been established, where the molecule is efficiently produced in the E. coli host strain BL21(DE3), through a T7 based expression system. Cultivations were performed with a fed-batch fermentation process and the conditions were further optimized in order to obtain highest expression, while avoiding undesirable modifications like gluconoylations. By employing Design of experiments in combination with multivariate data analysis, a production process resulting in ~3.5 g product/ l culture could be verified. Moreover, thermolysis was evaluated as a suitable method for cell disruption, enabling an easy and cost-effective manufacturing process of the ABD fused Affibody® Molecule.
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Such, Sanmartin Gerard. "Assessing human growth hormone variants to determine their potential relevance in anti-doping and clinical analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7198.
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Human growth hormone (GH) participates in human longitudinal growth, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and comprises a remarkably number of proteins with similar sequences, generated either genetically or post-translationally, that in some cases show clearly differentiated biological activities. Current methods employed for its quantification are mainly based on a specific immunodetection of the most concentrated GH variants in blood circulation. However, it is not clear neither which variants are recognised in each case, nor which is the real concentration of some of these variants. Probably related, present immunoassays show a disparity of results between them that difficults the comparison of data from different assays, with direct consequences in the clinical field. Within a doping context, the illegal administration of recombinant GH constitutes a complex challenge, given the fact that the pharmaceutical variant and the native 22 kDa GH variant do not show any structural difference that allows a direct detection. However, the administration of the pharmaceutical inhibits the natural production of the hormone, resulting in modifications between the relative concentration of some of these variants. In this case, which variants are detected is of utmost importance, since these constitute the base of this anti-GH doping method. Here, the relevance of some GH variants is addressed, including their generation, characterisation, analysis through specific antibodies and their detection on biological samples.L'hormona de creixement humana (GH) participa en el creixement post-longitudinal i en el metabolisme de lípids i carbohidrats, i comprèn un extraordinari nombre de proteïnes de seqüències similars, generades tant genèticament com posttranslacional, que en alguns casos mostren activitats biològiques clarament diferenciades. Els mètodes actuals emprats per la seva quantificació es basen principalment en una immunodetecció específica de les variants de GH més concentrades en circulació sanguínia. Tanmateix, no resta clar quines variants es reconeixen en cada cas, ni quina és la concentració real d'algunes d'aquestes variants. Possiblement relacionat, els immunoassaigs actualment utilitzats mostren una disparitat de resultats que dificulten la comparació de dades d'assaigs diferents, amb conseqüències directes en el camp clínic. Dins d'un context de dopatge, l'administració il·legal de GH recombinant constitueix un desafiament complex, donat el fet que la variant farmacèutica i la variant de GH nativa de 22 kDa no mostren cap diferència que permeti una detecció directa. No obstant, l'administració del medicament farmacèutic inhibeix la producció natural de la hormona, derivant en canvis entre la concentració relativa d'algunes d'aquestes variants. En aquest cas, és de màxima importància quines variants són detectades, ja que això constitueix la base d'aquest mètode d'antidopatge de GH. Aquí, s'estudia la rellevància d'algunes variants de GH, incloent-hi la seva generació, caracterització, anàlisi via anticossos específics i la seva detecció en mostres biològiques.
Conference papers on the topic "Thermolysis of plasma"
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Kenneally, D. A., P. J. Thurlow, and J. M. Cornellan. "MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (ANTI-2B6D4) TO PLASMA FIBRONECTIN INHIBITS COLLAGEN AND THROMBIN INDUCED AGGREGATION OF WASHED PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643861.
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Fibronectins(Fns) constitute a family of large glycoproteins which are known to bind to a wide range of biological molecules eg.collagen, gelatin, fibrin, heparin and DNA,and to many cells including platelets via discrete structural domains. A murine monoclonal antibody (anti-2B6D4) produced by imnunizing BALB/c mice with plasma fn, was used to study the structure and function of fn and its platelet interaction Anti-2B6D4 reacted specifically with plasma fn was unreactive with FVIII/vWF,BTG,PF4 collagen and fibrinogen nor was it reactive with platelets (unstiraulated), human PBLs or a range of tumour cell lines. Iirmuno-blotting studies( 8% SDS-PAGE) using thermolysin-digested plasma fn with anti-2B6D4 indicated that the 2B6D4 epitope was present on only 2 of the 7 fragments detected by Indian ink. The 2 fragments had an Mr of 145 and 155 K dal tons and have been reported to each contain domains which bind cells, DNA and heparin. These fragments were studied further by examining the effect of anti-2B6D4 (Fabs) on the binding of 125I-fn to thrombin-stimulated platelets and demonstrated that anti-2B6D4 binding was inhibited by 50% thus implicating the 2B6D4 epitope as a platelet binding site within the two cell binding domains. Competitive binding analysis of 125I-fn to solid-phase macromolecules i.e.collagen, gelatin, fibrin, heparin, DNA and Con A demonstrated that anti-2B6D4 (Fabs) inhibited the binding of fn to DNA by 50%,but not to the other macromolecules. Therefore, either the DNA and platelet binding sites are shared or the inhibition is due to steric hindrance. However, as Fab fragments of anti-2B6D4 were used, it is more likely that the binding sites are shared. Functional studies were performed to investigate the role of 2B6D4 in platelet-platelet interaction. Anti-2B6D4 totally blocked the aggregation of washed platelets stimulated by low dose collagen (1.6ug/ml) and thrombin (0.05U/ml), partially inhibited arachidonic acid (250ugs/ml) induced platelet aggregation and had no effect on aggregation induced by A23187 (30uM). One other report had demonstrated that fn is a requirement for A23187 and low dose thrombin induced platelet aggregation. We conclude that fn plays an essential role in platelet aggregation induced by low dose collagen and thrombin.