Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thermoplastic composites. Plastic-impregnated wood

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Academic literature on the topic 'Thermoplastic composites. Plastic-impregnated wood'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Thermoplastic composites. Plastic-impregnated wood"

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Sormunen, Petri, and Timo Kärki. "Compression Molded Thermoplastic Composites Entirely Made of Recycled Materials." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030631.

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Recycled post-consumer high-density polyethylene pipe plastic was agglomerated into composite samples with wood, glass fiber, mineral wool, gypsum, and soapstone as recycled particulate fillers. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, and hardness were the mechanical properties evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on the broken surfaces of tensile strength samples to study the interfacial interactions between the composite matrix and the filler materials. Heat build-up, water absorption, and thickness swelling were the physical properties measured from the composites. The addition of particulate fillers demonstrated the weakening of the tensile and impact strength but significantly improved the rigidity of the post-consumer plastic. The composites filled with minerals had mechanical properties comparable to compression molded wood plastic composites but higher resistance to moisture. A lack of hot-melt mixing affected the mechanical properties adversely.
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Zhang, Hua Yong, Xiao Jian Liu, and Hai Yan Sun. "Research on Technology of Wood-Plastic Composites." Advanced Materials Research 630 (December 2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.630.75.

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Wood-plastic composites were produced by heating, blending and extruding with recycled plastics and wood fiber as chief raw materials and some thermoplastic resin as the additive. The compounding formula and producing craft were researched and optimized. The influence of the ratio of wood fiber and additives was examined. Wood-plastics composites with excellent performance were produced.
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Bozkurt, Fatma, Büşra Avci, and Fatih Mengeloğlu. "Utilization of melamine impregnated paper waste as a filler in thermoplastic composites." BioResources 16, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 3159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3159-3170.

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The potential utilization of melamine impregnated paper (MIP) waste in thermoplastic composites was investigated. Composites were also manufactured utilizing wood flour (WF) at the same filler rates for comparison. The composites were manufactured using a compression molding method. The effects of filler type and filler rate on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-based composites were evaluated. Mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strengths, were determined in accordance with ASTM D638 (2001) and ASTM D790 (2003), respectively. Results showed that filler type and filler content had significant effects on all mechanical properties investigated. Both fillers improved all mechanical properties except for tensile strength and elongation at break of LDPE. In conclusion, MIP waste has a potential to be utilized in thermoplastic-based composite manufacturing and might generate some economic and environmental benefits.
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Dias, Bernardo Zandomenico, and Cristina Engel de Alvarez. "Mechanical properties: wood lumber versus plastic lumber and thermoplastic composites." Ambiente Construído 17, no. 2 (June 2017): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212017000200153.

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Abstract Plastic lumber and thermoplastic composites are sold as alternatives to wood products. However, many technical standards and scientific studies state that the two materials cannot be considered to have the same structural behaviour and strength. Moreover, there are many compositions of thermoplastic-based products and plenty of wood species. How different are their mechanical properties? This study compares the modulus of elasticity and the flexural, compressive, tensile and shear strengths of such materials, as well as the materials' specific mechanical properties. It analyses the properties of wood from the coniferae and dicotyledon species and those of commercialized and experimental thermoplastic-based product formulations. The data were collected from books, scientific papers and manufacturers' websites and technical data sheets, and subsequently compiled and presented in Ashby plots and bar graphs. The high values of the compressive strength and specific compressive and tensile strengths perpendicular to the grain (width direction) shown by the experimental thermoplastic composites compared to wood reveal their great potential for use in compressed elements and in functions where components are compressed or tensioned perpendicularly to the grain. However, the low specific flexural modulus and high density of thermoplastic materials limit their usage in certain civil engineering and building applications.
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Gao, Hua, Qing Wen Wang, Hai Gang Wang, and Yong Ming Song. "Properties of Highly Filled Wood Fiber-Maleic Anhydride Grafted Thermoplastic Blends Composites." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1856.

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In order to make high performance wood-plastic composites (WPCs) from wood-fiber and mixed plastic wastes, virgin resins were compounded to simulate mixed plastic wastes, which included polypropylene, polyethylene and/or polystyrene, then grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH) by reactive extrusion. Highly filled WPCs were prepared by extruding. Mechanical testing results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites based on grafted virgin and waste plastics both significantly enhanced. The compatibility between the different plastics in the blend system and the interfacial adhesion between wood fibers and the blends were both improved with the modification of the blends, as evidenced by SEM. For the composites based on MAH grafted plastics, the water absorption and thickness swell decreased, which is true for the composite made from both virgin and recycled plastics. This blending-grafting modification method can be considered as a feasible approach to use mixed plastic wastes in the manufacture of high performance WPCs.
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Timar, Maria Cristina, Kevin Maher, Mark Irle, and Maria Daniela Mihai. "Thermal forming of chemically modified wood to make high-performance plastic-like wood composites." Holzforschung 58, no. 5 (August 1, 2004): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2004.079.

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Abstract Chemically modified wood composites were obtained via the compression moulding of thermoplasticised Aspen (Populus tremula) sawdust. This sawdust was previously prepared by esterification with maleic anhydride (MA) and subsequent oligoesterification with maleic anhydride and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The thermoplastic properties of the chemically modified wood resulting from different modification procedures were confirmed and compared by compression-moulding experiments leading to preliminary and final products. An SEM study of the resulting products clearly showed that the oligoesterified wood had partially melted under pressure and temperature, such that the overlapping and surface melting of particles ensured adhesive bonding between those particles. A new type of wood/thermoplastic-wood composite was obtained. In these composites, the melted part of the modified wood plays the role of the cohesive matrix whilst none-melted wood remains as a fibrous reinforcing material. FTIR spectra suggested that changes in the chemical structure of the modified wood are possible during the thermal forming process (e.g. polymerisation of C=C double bonds). The final composites were yellowish-brown, glossy, plastic-like products that showed interesting physical, mechanical and biological properties. They are water-resistant and dimensionally stable and display good electrical insulating behaviour. Their mechanical properties (bending strength of ca. 64 MPa and tensile strength of ca. 36 MPa) are in the typical range for plastics and conventional wood-fibre/plastic composites, and are superior to common wood products such as fibreboards and particleboards. Furthermore, the outstandingly high internal bond (ca. 3.0 MPa) highlights the totally different adhesion mechanism operating in these new types of composites. Although the novel composites are much more resistant to decay than the original unmodified wood, they remain ultimately biodegradable plastic-like composites.
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Huang, Hai Bing, Hu Hu Du, Wei Hong Wang, and Hai Gang Wang. "Effects of the Size of Wood Flour on Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.76.

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In this article, wood-plastic composites(WPCs) were manufactured with wood flour(80～120mesh、40～80mesh、20～40mesh、10～20mesh) combing with high density polyethylene(HDPE). Effects of the size of wood flour on mechanical properies and density of composites were investigated. Results showed that particle size of wood flour had an important effect on properitiesof WPCs. Change of mesh number had a outstanding effect on flexural modulus, tensile modulus and impact strength, howere, little effect on flexural strength and tensile strength. When mesh number of wood flour changed from 80～120mesh to 10～20mesh,flexural modulus and tensile modulus were respectively enhanced by 42.4% and 28.4%, respectively, and impact strength was decreased by 35.5%.Size of wood flour basically had no effect on density of composite within 10～120mesh. The use of wood flour or fiber as fillers and reinforcements in thermoplastics has been gaining acceptance in commodity plastics applications in the past few years. WPCs are currently experiencing a dramatic increase in use. Most of them are used to produce window/door profiles,decking,railing,ang siding. Wood thermoplastic composites are manufactured by dispering wood fiber or wood flour(WF) into molten plastics to form composite materials by processing techniques such as extrusion,themoforming, and compression or injection molding[1]. WPCs have such advantages[2]：(1)With wood as filler can improve heat resistance and strength of plastic, and wood has a low cost, comparing with inorganic filler, wood has a low density. Wood as strengthen material has a great potential in improving tensile strength and flexural modulus[3]；(2) For composite of same volume, composites with wood as filler have a little abrasion for equipment and can be regenerated；(3)They have a low water absorption and low hygroscopic property, They are not in need of protective waterproof paint, at the same time, composite can be dyed and painted for them own needs；(4)They are superior to wood in resistantnce to crack、leaf mold and termite aspects, composites are the same biodegradation as wood；(5)They can be processed or connected like wood；（6）They can be processed into a lots of complicated shape product by means of extrusion or molding and so on, meanwhile, they have high-efficiency raw material conversion and itself recycle utilization[4]. While there are many sucesses to report in WPCs, there are still some issues that need to be addressed before this technology will reach its full potential. This technology involves two different types of materials: one hygroscopic(biomass) and one hydrophobic(plastic), so there are issues of phase separation and compatibilization[5]. In this paper, Effects of the size of wood powder on mechanical properties of WPCs were studied.
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Wang, Yi, Lech Muszynski, and John Simonsen. "Gold as an X-ray CT scanning contrast agent: Effect on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites." Holzforschung 61, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.117.

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Abstract Wood plastic composites (WPCs) are typically composed of wood particles, thermoplastic polymers and small amounts of additives. Further improvement of WPC technology requires a better understanding of their mechanical performance and durability on the micro level. X-ray computed tomography (CT) and advanced imaging techniques can provide visualization and support characterization of the internal structure, deformation and damage accumulation in WPCs under loading and various environmental exposures. However, both wood and thermoplastics are weakly attenuating materials for X-ray and good contrast between these two components is difficult to obtain. In the present study, chemically inert gold nano-particles and micro-particles were investigated as contrast agents to improve X-ray CT scanning contrast between wood and thermoplastics. The effect of adding 1% (by wt.) gold nano- and micro-particles on the tensile properties of wood/high-density polyethylene composites was addressed. Samples with and without surfactant were tested in tension and scanned on a custom desktop X-ray CT system. It was found that the addition of gold particles did not impair the WPC tensile properties. However, some of the tensile properties were significantly affected if the surfactant was included. Gold micro-particles were shown to disperse well without surfactant and significantly improve the X-ray CT scanning contrast between wood and polymer, while gold nano-particles (without surfactant) did not disperse well and do not contribute to contrast improvement.
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Yadav, Sumit Manohar, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, and Kapil Sihag. "A Comprehensive Review on Process and Technological Aspects of Wood-Plastic Composites." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 9, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl29329-356.

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This review deals with recent works on the process and technological aspects of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) manufacturing.WPCs relate to any composites that are built from wood and non-wood fibers and thermoplastic polymers. Recent progress relevant to wood-plastic composites has been reviewed in this article. The process and technological aspects of WPC, such as raw materials, fabrication, mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties, were outlined comprehensively. The manufacturing process of WPCs is an important aspect of WPCs production. Manufacturing methods like compression molding and pultrusion have some limitations. Extrusion and injection molding processes are the most widely used in WPCs due to their effectiveness. Recent developments dealing with WPCs and the use of different kinds of nanofillers in WPCs have also been presented and discussed. Nanoclays are widely used as nanofillers in WPCs because they represent an eco-friendly, readily available in large quantity, and inexpensive filler. WPCs can be found in a wide range of applications from construction to the automotive industry.Keywords: additive manufacturing, adhesion, fabrication techniques, mechanical and physical properties, wood-plastic composites
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Lv, Xin Ying, Die Ying Ma, Yong Ming Song, and Zhen Hua Gao. "Impacts of Molding Pressure on Performances of Kraft Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 2173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.2173.

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Novel Kraft fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites were prepared at various molding pressures in order to investigate the effects of molding pressure on resin content, the mechanical properties and creep resistance. The results indicated that the novel composites had much higher mechanical properties and better creep resistances than traditional wood plastic composites because of the applications of strong Kraft fibers as reinforcement and thermosetting UPE as matrix. Molding pressure had various effects on the many properties of composites. With molding pressure increased from 6MPa to 25MPa, the mechanical properties and creep resistances increased gradually until about 20MPa and then decreased, which were attributed to the different interface adhesions between UPE resin and Kraft fibers at various molding pressures as evidenced by DMA analysis. Benefited from the use of low-viscosity UPE resin, the resin content of Kraft fiber reinforced UPE composites could reduce to 28.3% while strength and creep resistance were still much better than that of the thermoplastic wood-plastic composite (WPC) with 40% polymer matrix.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermoplastic composites. Plastic-impregnated wood"

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Villechevrolle, Viviane Louise. "Polymer blends for multi-extruded wood-thermoplastic composites." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/v_villechevrolle_121008.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in civil engineering)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Mar. 2, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.
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Michael, Steven Gerard. "Thermoplastic encapsulation of wood strand composite using a tie-layer." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/S_Michael_120108.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in civil engineering)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Mar. 10, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.
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Chen, Lee-Wen. "Extrudable melamine resin for wood plastic composites." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/L_Chen_071709.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in civil engineering)--Washington State University, August 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 10, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.
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Cameron, Tony Ray. "Alaskan timber resources for wood-plastic composites." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/t_cameron_070209.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in civil engineering)--Washington State University, August 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 12, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.
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Rude, Erica Fay. "Evaluation of coupling mechanisms in wood plastic composites." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2007/E_Rude_041807.pdf.

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Gupta, Barun Shankar. "Development of a coating technology for wood plastic composites." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2006/b_gupta_082806.pdf.

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Chastagner, Matthew Wayne. "Slit die rheology of HDPE and ABS based wood plastic composites." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/m%5Fchastagner%5F072705.pdf.

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Brosious, Derek A. "Nonlinear material behavior and fatigue-accumulated damage of wood plastic composites." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/D_Brosious_120408.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in civil engineering)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 19, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references.
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Alvarez-Valencia, Daniel. "Structural Performance of Wood Plastic Composite Sheet Piling." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AlvarezValenciaD2009.pdf.

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Souza, Benjamin J. "Fracture Mechanics Characterization of WPC-FRP Composite Materials Fabricated by the Composites Pressure Resin Infusion System (Compris) Process Volume I (Chapters 1-7, Appendix A)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SouzaBJ2005.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Thermoplastic composites. Plastic-impregnated wood"

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Klesov, A. A. Wood-plastic composites. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley, 2007.

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Klesov, A. A. Wood-plastic composites. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2007.

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Kim, Jin-Kuk. Recent advances in the processing of wood-plastic composites. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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Paciorek, Marian. Badania wybranych tworzyw termoplastycznych stosowanych do impregnacji drewna =: A study of some thermoplastic resins used for wood impregnation. Kraków: Wydawn. Literackie, 1993.

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Clemons, Craig. Use of saltcedar and Utah juniper as fillers in wood-plastic composites. Madison, WI: USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2007.

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Xu, Bin. Studies of polystyrene (PS) high density polyethylene (HDPE) and PS/HDPE/wood composites from an extrusion process: Mechanical properties, rheological characterization and morphology. 1999.

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Wood-Plastic Composites. Wiley-Interscience, 2007.

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Klyosov, Anatole A. Wood-Plastic Composites. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thermoplastic composites. Plastic-impregnated wood"

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Barbu, Marius C., Roman Reh, and Mark Irle. "Wood-Based Composites." In Research Developments in Wood Engineering and Technology, 1–45. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4554-7.ch001.

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Wood composites are made from various wood or ligno-cellulosic non-wood materials (shape and origin) that are bonded together using either natural bonding or synthetic resin (e.g. thermoplastic or duroplastic polymers), or organic- (e.g. plastics)/inorganic-binder (e.g. cement). This product mix ranges from panel products (e.g., plywood, particleboard, strandboard, or fiberboard) to engineered timber substitutes (e.g., laminated veneer lumber or structural composite lumber). These composites are used for a number of structural and nonstructural applications in product lines ranging from interior to exterior applications (e.g. furniture and architectural trim in buildings). Wood composite materials can be engineered to meet a range of specific properties. When wood materials and processing variables are properly selected, the result can provide high performance and reliable service. Laminated composites consist of wood veneers bonded with a resin-binder and fabricated with either parallel- (e.g. Laminated Veneer Lumber with higher performance properties parallel to grain) or cross-banded veneers (e.g. plywood, homogenous and with higher dimensional stability). Particle-, strand-, or fiberboard composites are normally classified by density (high, medium, low) and element size. Each is made with a dry woody element, except for fiberboard, which can be made by either dry or wet processes. Hybrid composites based on wood wool, particles, and floor mixed with cement or gypsum are used in construction proving high weathering and fire resistance in construction. The mixture with plastics (PP or PE) and wood floor open a new generation of injected or molded Wood Plastic Composites (WPC), which are able to substitute plastics for some utilizations. In addition, sandwich panels with light core made from plastic foams or honeycomb papers are used in the furniture industry.
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Barbu, Marius C., Roman Reh, and Mark Irle. "Wood-Based Composites." In Materials Science and Engineering, 1038–74. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch041.

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Wood composites are made from various wood or ligno-cellulosic non-wood materials (shape and origin) that are bonded together using either natural bonding or synthetic resin (e.g. thermoplastic or duroplastic polymers), or organic- (e.g. plastics)/inorganic-binder (e.g. cement). This product mix ranges from panel products (e.g., plywood, particleboard, strandboard, or fiberboard) to engineered timber substitutes (e.g., laminated veneer lumber or structural composite lumber). These composites are used for a number of structural and nonstructural applications in product lines ranging from interior to exterior applications (e.g. furniture and architectural trim in buildings). Wood composite materials can be engineered to meet a range of specific properties. When wood materials and processing variables are properly selected, the result can provide high performance and reliable service. Laminated composites consist of wood veneers bonded with a resin-binder and fabricated with either parallel- (e.g. Laminated Veneer Lumber with higher performance properties parallel to grain) or cross-banded veneers (e.g. plywood, homogenous and with higher dimensional stability). Particle-, strand-, or fiberboard composites are normally classified by density (high, medium, low) and element size. Each is made with a dry woody element, except for fiberboard, which can be made by either dry or wet processes. Hybrid composites based on wood wool, particles, and floor mixed with cement or gypsum are used in construction proving high weathering and fire resistance in construction. The mixture with plastics (PP or PE) and wood floor open a new generation of injected or molded Wood Plastic Composites (WPC), which are able to substitute plastics for some utilizations. In addition, sandwich panels with light core made from plastic foams or honeycomb papers are used in the furniture industry.
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Lopez, Yonny Martinez, Juarez Benigno Paes, Fabricio Gomes Gonçalves, Pedro Gutemberg Alcântara Segundinho, Luciana Ferreira da Silva, Marcos Alves Nicácio, Emily Soares Gomes da Silva, Jaqueline Rocha de Medeiros, José Guilherme dos Santos Moreira, and Anna Clara Theodoro Nantet. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE FROM SAWDUST OF PINUS AND RECYCLED THERMOPLASTICS." In Engenharia Florestal: Desafios, Limites e Potencialidade, 233–47. Editora Científica Digital, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37885/200700667.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thermoplastic composites. Plastic-impregnated wood"

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Vijay, P. V., GangaRao V. S. Hota, Aneesh Bethi, Venugopal Chada, and Muhammad A. M. Qureshi. "Development and Implementation of Recycled Thermoplastic RR Ties." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36121.

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About a billion wood cross-ties are in service in North America for safe and effective transfer of heavy freight or high-speed passenger train loads. These wood ties are facing long-term safety and serviceability issues related to ever increasing intensities and frequencies, and harsh field conditions. In addition to other applications, the Constructed Facilities Center, West Virginia University (CFC-WVU) has been investigating the use of recycled polymer composite railroad (RR) ties with discarded wood or rubber core to safely alleviate many of the problems posed by creosote treated timber ties. In this research, mechanical property characterization of recycled thermoplastics was carried out prior to manufacturing RR ties with continuous glass fiber reinforced (GFRP) polymer composite shell with recycled polymer, and wood/FRP (fiber reinforced polymer) core. GFRP Composite ties manufactured with thermoplastics and continuous glass fiber/fabric have exhibited high strength/stiffness unlike plastic ties with chopped fibers. Local cracking from spikes was found to be negligible. Half- and full-scale RR ties were subjected to static loads of 80 kips and fatigue loads up to 12.5 million cycles with a strain range of 750 micro strains (με, i.e., 750×10−6) in FRP composite shell. Spike pull-out tests were conducted on full-scale RR tie specimens. Results showed high strength/stiffness of these ties under static loads and also excellent strength retention under millions of fatigue cycles. Field installed ties exhibited maximum strain of 1070 micro-strains under actual locomotive loads moving at 15 mph.
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