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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermoregulation of the human body'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Wang, Lijuan, Yudong Wang, Guohua Tian, and Yuhui Di. "Human transient response under local thermal stimulation." Thermal Science 21, suppl. 1 (2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci17s1019w.

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Human body can operate physiological thermoregulation system when it is exposed to cold or hot environment. Whether it can do the same work when a local part of body is stimulated by different temperatures? The objective of this paper is to prove it. Twelve subjects are recruited to participate in this experiment. After stabilizing in a comfort environment, their palms are stimulated by a pouch of 39, 36, 33, 30, and 27?C. Subject?s skin temperature, heart rate, heat flux of skin, and thermal sensation are recorded. The results indicate that when local part is suffering from harsh temperature,

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2

Bobrova, V. I., S. M. Nikiforov, and L. A. Shevchenko. "Thermoregulation of the human body: norm and pathology." Ukrainian Neurological Journal, no. 3—4 (December 15, 2018): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/unj2018-3-17.

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3

Yang, Kai, Mingli Jiao, Sifan Wang, Yuanyuan Yu, Quan Diao, and Jian Cao. "Thermoregulation properties of composite phase change materials in high temperature environmental conditions." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (2018): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-11-2017-0173.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate thermoregulation properties of different composite phase change materials (PCMs), which could be used in the high temperature environmental conditions to protect human body against the extra heat flow. Design/methodology/approach Three kinds of composite PCM samples were prepared using the selected pure PCMs, including n-hexadecane, n-octadecane and n-eicosane. The DSC experiment was performed to get the samples’ phase change temperature range and enthalpy. The simulated high temperature experiments were performed using human arms in three di

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4

Acharya, Saraswati, D. B. Gurung, and V. P. Saxena. "Human males and females body thermoregulation: Perfusion effect analysis." Journal of Thermal Biology 45 (October 2014): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.07.006.

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5

Ibraimov, A. I., and S. K. Tabaldiev. "Condensed Chromatin, Cell Thermoregulation and Human Body Heat Conductivity." Journal of Human Ecology 21, no. 1 (2007): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2007.11905944.

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6

Masood, Rashid, Hafsa Jamshaid, and Muhammad Anam Khubaib. "Development of knitted vest fabrics for human body thermoregulation." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 139, no. 1 (2019): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08430-2.

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7

NG, E. Y. K., and L. W. LIM. "STUDY OF HUMAN THERMOREGULATION: ADAPTIVE OPTIMIZATION CONTROL THEORY ANALYSIS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 08, no. 01 (2008): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951940800253x.

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An example of homeostasis is temperature regulation at a desired level; this physiological process leads to the preservation of a stable biological environment. A control-theory–based model permits a biomedical engineer to understand the complex operation of thermoregulation, by converting general information to knowledge, and can be integrated to see how systemic parameters influence the entire system. The thermal inputs organized in the hypothalamus to activate thermoregulation responses to heat and cold stimuli, with the widely accepted set-point hypothesis for the regulation of body temper

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8

Tansey, Etain A., and Christopher D. Johnson. "Recent advances in thermoregulation." Advances in Physiology Education 39, no. 3 (2015): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00126.2014.

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Thermoregulation is the maintenance of a relatively constant core body temperature. Humans normally maintain a body temperature at 37°C, and maintenance of this relatively high temperature is critical to human survival. This concept is so important that control of thermoregulation is often the principal example cited when teaching physiological homeostasis. A basic understanding of the processes underpinning temperature regulation is necessary for all undergraduate students studying biology and biology-related disciplines, and a thorough understanding is necessary for those students in clinica

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9

YOSHIDA, Shinji. "Relationship Between Wind Environment and Thermoregulation of a Human Body." Wind Engineers, JAWE 45, no. 3 (2020): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jawe.45.206.

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10

Kumari, Babita, and Neeru Adlakha. "Two-dimensional finite difference model to study temperature distribution in SST regions of human limbs immediately after physical exercise in cold climate." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 04, no. 01 (2015): 1550002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684115500025.

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Thermoregulation is a complex mechanism regulating heat production within the body (chemical thermoregulation) and heat exchange between the body and the environment (physical thermoregulation) in such a way that the heat exchange is balanced and deep body temperatures are relatively stable. The external heat transfer mechanisms are radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation. The physical activity causes thermal stress and poses challenges for this thermoregulation. In this paper, a model has been developed to study temperature distribution in SST regions of human limbs immediately afte

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11

Yang, Yu, Runming Yao, Baizhan Li, Hong Liu, and Lai Jiang. "A method of evaluating the accuracy of human body thermoregulation models." Building and Environment 87 (May 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.01.013.

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12

Li, Baizhan, Yu Yang, Runming Yao, Hong Liu, and Yongqiang Li. "A simplified thermoregulation model of the human body in warm conditions." Applied Ergonomics 59 (March 2017): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.09.010.

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13

Gaifutdinov, R. T., М. F. Ismagilov, and D. R. Khasanova. "Physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation, their disorders in cerebral autonomic dysregulation." Neurology Bulletin XXXI, no. 1-4 (1999): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb80949.

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Body temperature reflects the state of homeostasis, the intensity of bioenergetic processes and the thermal state of the human body as a whole. In the physical sense, body temperature is a measure of the amount of thermal energy in the body, determines the rate of chemical reactions, affecting all biological functions of the body.

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14

Acharya, Saraswati, D. B. Gurung, and V. P. Saxena. "Effect of Metabolic Reactions on Thermoregulation in Human Males and Females Body." Applied Mathematics 04, no. 05 (2013): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2013.45a005.

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15

Shrestha, Dev Chandra, and Saraswati Acharya. "Time Dependent Mathematical Model of Thermoregulation in Human Dermal Parts During Sarcopenia." Journal of Nepal Mathematical Society 4, no. 1 (2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnms.v4i1.37112.

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Sarcopenia is an illness characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, and its strength occurs in aging after 50 years. Muscle mass plays a vital role in body weight and metabolism. The loses in body weight impact reducing the basal metabolic rate (BMR). The BMR affects the human body temperature due to lower metabolic heat production during sarcopenia. The present study deals with time dependent temperature variation in human dermal parts during sarcopenia. The finite element method is used to solve a one-dimensional bioheat equation. In this model, the thickness of the epidermis, dermis

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16

Smalko, Zbigniew. "An Impact of Thermodynamic Processes in Human Bodies on Performance Reliability of Individuals." Journal of KONBiN 27, no. 1 (2015): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2013-0101.

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Abstract The article presents the problem of the influence of thermodynamic factors on human fallibility in different zones of thermal discomfort. Describes the processes of energy in the human body. Been given a formal description of the energy balance of the human body thermoregulation. Pointed to human reactions to temperature changes of internal and external environment, including reactions associated with exercise. The methodology to estimate and determine the reliability of indicators of human basal acting in different zones of thermal discomfort. The significant effect of thermodynamic

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17

Gao, Naiping, Jianlei Niu, and Hui Zhang. "Coupling CFD and Human Body Thermoregulation Model for the Assessment of Personalized Ventilation." HVAC&R Research 12, no. 3 (2006): 497–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10789669.2006.10391191.

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18

Angelova, Radostina A. "Numerical simulation of the thermoregulation of clothed human body: skin and clothing temperatures." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 37, no. 1 (2014): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40430-014-0189-0.

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19

Kang, Zhanxiao, Faming Wang, and Udayraj. "An advanced three-dimensional thermoregulation model of the human body: Development and validation." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 107 (October 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2019.05.006.

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20

Shrestha, Dev Chandra, Saraswati Acharya, and Dil Bahadur Gurung. "A Finite Element Approach to Evaluate Thermoregulation in the Human Body due to the Effects of Sweat Evaporation during Cooking, Cleaning, and Walking." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (May 26, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539151.

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Sweat evaporation is the principal process of dissipating heat energy in a hot environment and during activities. Sweat loss is significantly affected by the level of energy expenditure, hormones, and the number of sweat glands. The thickness of the skin layer plays a vital role to maintain body temperature. The rate of sweat evaporation varies with ambient temperature and activity level. On increasing both metabolism and ambient temperature, sweat rate loss also increases and controls the body in the thermoregulatory system. The evaporative sweat release rate has a linear behavior. The approp

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21

Lim, Chin Leong. "Fundamental Concepts of Human Thermoregulation and Adaptation to Heat: A Review in the Context of Global Warming." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (2020): 7795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217795.

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The international community has recognized global warming as an impending catastrophe that poses significant threat to life on earth. In response, the signatories of the Paris Agreement (2015) have committed to limit the increase in global mean temperature to <1.5 °C from pre-industry period, which is defined as 1850–1890. Considering that the protection of human life is a central focus in the Paris Agreement, the naturally endowed properties of the human body to protect itself from environmental extremes should form the core of an integrated and multifaceted solution against global warming

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22

Prusaczyk, W. K., and M. N. Sawka. "Effects of pyridostigmine bromide on human thermoregulation during cold water immersion." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 2 (1991): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.432.

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This study examined the effects of an oral 30-mg dose of pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) on thermoregulatory and physiological responses of men undergoing cold stress. Six men were immersed in cold water (20 degrees C) for up to 180 min on two occasions, once each 2 h after ingestion of PYR and 2 h after ingestion of a placebo. With PRY, erythrocyte cholinesterase inhibition was 33 +/- 12% (SD) 110 min postingestion (10 min preimmersion) and 30 +/- 7% at termination of exposure (mean 117 min). Percent cholinesterase inhibition was significantly related to lean body mass (r = -0.91, P less than 0.

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23

Takahashi, Yoshito, Masayuki Oata, Jun-ichi Asaka, Akihisa Nomoto, and Shin-ichi Tanabe. "Coupling of a cardiovascular model with a thermoregulation model to predict human blood pressure under unsteady environmental conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102062.

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We coupled a cardiovascular model with a thermoregulation model to predict human blood pressure in unsteady environmental conditions. Our cardiovascular model is a lumped parameter model and consists of 42 segments, which include the entire artery and vein system, divided into 18 segments; the heart, divided into 4 segments; and the pulmonary artery and vein. The vessel parameters were adjusted on the basis of local body blood volume and flow of the thermoregulation model in a thermoneutral environment. Blood pressure under unsteady environmental conditions is predicted by changing the heart r

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24

Khan, Zahid Akhtar, Irfan Anjum Badruddin magami, Suresh Maniyan, and Gulam Abdul Quadir. "A simplified thermal model for a clothed human operator with thermoregulation." IIUM Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v8i1.84.

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This paper presents a simplified yet comprehensive mathematical model to predict steady state temperature distribution for various regions of male clothed human operators who are healthy, passive/active and lean/obese under the influence of different environmental conditions using thermoregulatory control concept. The present model is able to predict the core temperature, close to 37oC for a healthy, passive/active and lean/obese operator at normal ambient temperatures. It is observed that due to increase in body fat, BF the skin temperature, of the operator decreases by a small amount. Howeve

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25

Périard, Julien D., Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels, and Hein A. M. Daanen. "Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies." Physiological Reviews 101, no. 4 (2021): 1873–979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00038.2020.

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A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of how the human body responds to exercise under heat stress and the countermeasures that can be adopted to enhance aerobic performance under such environmental conditions. The fundamental concepts and physiological processes associated with thermoregulation and fluid balance are initially described, followed by a summary of methods to determine thermal strain and hydration status. An outline is provided on

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26

Fontana, Piero, Fabio Saiani, Marc Grütter, et al. "Exercise intensity dependent relevance of protective textile properties for human thermo-physiology." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 12 (2016): 1425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516654105.

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During firefighting, thermoregulation is challenged due to a combination of harsh environmental conditions, high metabolic rates and personal protective clothing (PPC). Consequently, investigations of thermoregulation in firefighters should not only consider climate and exercise intensity, but technical properties of textiles too. Therefore, laboratory textile performance simulations may provide additional insights into textile-dependent thermoregulatory responses to exercise. In order to investigate the thermo-physiological relevance of textile properties and to test how different garments af

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27

Teodoreanu, Elena. "Index Bioclimatic "Wind-Chill"." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (2015): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2015-0017.

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Abstract This paper presents an important bioclimatic index which shows the influence of wind on the human body thermoregulation. When the air temperature is high, the wind increases thermal comfort. But more important for the body is the wind when the air temperature is low. When the air temperature is lower and wind speed higher, the human body is threatening to freeze faster. Cold wind index is used in Canada, USA, Russia (temperature "equivalent" to the facial skin) etc., in the weather forecast every day in the cold season. The index can be used and for bioclimatic regionalization, in the

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28

Xu, Jingxian, Agnes Psikuta, Jun Li, Simon Annaheim, and René M. Rossi. "Evaluation of the convective heat transfer coefficient of human body and its effect on the human thermoregulation predictions." Building and Environment 196 (June 2021): 107778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107778.

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29

Gruss, Laura Tobias, and Daniel Schmitt. "The evolution of the human pelvis: changing adaptations to bipedalism, obstetrics and thermoregulation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1663 (2015): 20140063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0063.

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The fossil record of the human pelvis reveals the selective priorities acting on hominin anatomy at different points in our evolutionary history, during which mechanical requirements for locomotion, childbirth and thermoregulation often conflicted. In our earliest upright ancestors, fundamental alterations of the pelvis compared with non-human primates facilitated bipedal walking. Further changes early in hominin evolution produced a platypelloid birth canal in a pelvis that was wide overall, with flaring ilia. This pelvic form was maintained over 3–4 Myr with only moderate changes in response

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Hariharakrishnan, Jayaram, and Bhalaji N. "Adaptability Analysis of 6LoWPAN and RPL for Healthcare applications of Internet-of-Things." June 2021 2, no. 2 (2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2021.2.001.

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Ubiquitous Networks powered by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is cutting across many technologies assisting day-to-day human activities. This technology confers the ability to sense and surmise the external environmental factors of various ecologies. Interconnection of these sensing devices for Machine to Machine (M2M) communication leads to the origination of Internet-of-Things (IoT). Recent advancements in the technology of Internet-of-Things guides the production of smart objects that can accomplish location, identification, connection and measurement of external factors. This leads to a ne

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Škop, Vojtěch, Naili Liu, Juen Guo, Oksana Gavrilova, and Marc L. Reitman. "The contribution of the mouse tail to thermoregulation is modest." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 319, no. 2 (2020): E438—E446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00133.2020.

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Understanding mouse thermal physiology informs the usefulness of mice as models of human disease. It is widely assumed that the mouse tail contributes greatly to heat loss (as it does in rat), but this has not been quantitated. We studied C57BL/6J mice after tail amputation. Tailless mice housed at 22°C did not differ from littermate controls in body weight, lean or fat content, or energy expenditure. With acute changes in ambient temperature from 19 to 39°C, tailless and control mice demonstrated similar body temperatures (Tb), metabolic rates, and heat conductances and no difference in therm

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32

Schlader, Zachary J., Blair D. Johnson, Riana R. Pryor, Jocelyn Stooks, Brian M. Clemency, and David Hostler. "Human thermoregulation during prolonged exposure to warm and extremely humid environments expected to occur in disabled submarine scenarios." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 318, no. 5 (2020): R950—R960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00018.2020.

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Military and civilian emergency situations often involve prolonged exposures to warm and very humid environments. We tested the hypothesis that increases in core temperature and body fluid losses during prolonged exposure to warm and very humid environments are dependent on dry bulb temperature. On three occasions, 15 healthy males (23 ± 3 yr) sat in 32.1 ± 0.1°C, 33.1 ± 0.2°C, or 35.0 ± 0.1°C and 95 ± 2% relative humidity normobaric environments for 8 h. Core temperature (telemetry pill) and percent change in body weight, an index of changes in total body water occurring secondary to sweat lo

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33

Queiroz do Amaral, Lia. "Loss of body hair, bipedality and thermoregulation. Comments on recent papers in theJournal of Human Evolution." Journal of Human Evolution 30, no. 4 (1996): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1996.0029.

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34

Fiala, Dusan, Kevin J. Lomas, and Martin Stohrer. "A computer model of human thermoregulation for a wide range of environmental conditions: the passive system." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 5 (1999): 1957–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1957.

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A dynamic model predicting human thermal responses in cold, cool, neutral, warm, and hot environments is presented in a two-part study. This, the first paper, is concerned with aspects of the passive system: 1) modeling the human body, 2) modeling heat-transport mechanisms within the body and at its periphery, and 3) the numerical procedure. A paper in preparation will describe the active system and compare the model predictions with experimental data and the predictions by other models. Here, emphasis is given to a detailed modeling of the heat exchange with the environment: local variations

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35

Havenith, George. "Individualized model of human thermoregulation for the simulation of heat stress response." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 5 (2001): 1943–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.5.1943.

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A population-based dynamic model of human thermoregulation was expanded with control equations incorporating the individual person's characteristics (body surface area, mass, fat%, maximal O2 uptake, acclimation). These affect both the passive (heat capacity, insulation) and active systems (sweating and skin blood flow function). Model parameters were estimated from literature data. Other data, collected for the study of individual differences {working at relative or absolute workloads in hot-dry [45°C, 20% relative humidity (rh)], warm-humid [35°C, 80% rh], and cool [21°C, 50% rh] environment

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36

Holtzclaw, Barbara J. "Circadian Rhythmicity and Homeostatic Stability in Thermoregulation." Biological Research For Nursing 2, no. 4 (2001): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109980040100200402.

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Stability and circadian variation in core body temperature (Tc) were believed to be homeostatic responses until well into the 20th century. Defense of a narrow thermoneutral range was well documented, whereas circadian oscillations were attributed to episodic biochemical and environmental stimuli or chronological stressors in life routines. Research in thermal physiology has illuminated several of the “black boxes” in the understanding of temperature regulation, and advances in chronobiology have shattered old paradigms. While these discoveries are still evolving, existing information provides

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37

Koscheyev, Victor S. "Physiological Considerations in the Design of Clothing and Protective Equipment for Extreme Environments and in Modeling Human Heat Exchange." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 12 (2000): 2–796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401298.

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A new era is commencing in which the design of clothing and protective equipment is increasingly taking into account physiological data about human functioning in extreme environments. In these conditions, there is an intensive influence of environmental factors on body systems. Physiological in combination with other types of countermeasures that provide comfort are necessary for stabilizing homeostasis. This approach is extremely important for the design of heavy protective equipment that is widely used in such conditions as space, harsh terrestrial environments, undersea, and in military si

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KUMARI, BABITA, and NEERU ADLAKHA. "TWO-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT MODEL TO STUDY THERMO BIOMECHANICS IN PERIPHERAL REGIONS OF HUMAN LIMBS DUE TO EXERCISE IN COLD CLIMATE." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 17, no. 01 (2017): 1750002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519417500026.

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Human beings are equipped with thermo sensitivity, thermoregulation and thermo protection for maintaining the structure and function of their body organs. The thermoregulatory responses and disturbances caused by physical activity in thermo biomechanics of human body organs are not well understood. The mechanism of thermoregulation exhibits a beautiful coordination of biophysical process in order to balance distribution caused by a biothermal system due to physical exercise and other abnormal conditions. In view of above, a model has been developed to study the thermal dynamics in peripheral r

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Nomoto, Akihisa, Yoshito Takahashi, Yoshiichi Ozeki, Masayuki Ogata, and Shin-ichi Tanabe. "Prediction of physiological exertion in hot environments using the JOS-2 thermoregulation model." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102058.

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In recent years, the outdoor summer environment in Japan has become progressively warmer due to the severity of the heat island phenomenon. The danger of heat stroke and thermal comfort outdoors in summer are regarded as problems. In order to evaluate these problems, it is important to evaluate physiological exertion in the human body. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the possibility of predicting physiological exertion in the human body with high accuracy in an outdoor environment during summer using the JOS-2 thermoregulation model developed by our research group. First, the Ja

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40

Shabat, Yael Ben, Avraham Shitzer, and Dusan Fiala. "Modified wind chill temperatures determined by a whole body thermoregulation model and human-based facial convective coefficients." International Journal of Biometeorology 58, no. 6 (2013): 1007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-013-0698-z.

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Gruntkoskyi, M. S., V. M. Kondtratiuk, S. M. Gryshchenko, N. P. Hryshchenko, and I. S. Mytyay. "Influence of Nanovulin-VRKh on cattle thermoregulation and chemical composition of milk." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 1 (2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_22.

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The current research described the effect of neurotropic and metabolic non-hormonal biologically active medicine Nanovulin-VRKh © on the milk yield amount and the milk quality. Two cow groups were under study: the experimental and the control groups, each including four cows. The results showed that two of the neurotropic and metabolic Nanovulin-VRKh injections made 12 and 24 hours after the insemination did not effect the body thermoregulation of cows. Administration of the Nanovulin-VRKh contributes to stable fat formation in cow milk. Increased content of protein, nonfat milk solids, stable

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Joyner, Michael J., Jacqueline K. Limberg, Erica A. Wehrwein, and Blair D. Johnson. "Role of the carotid body chemoreceptors in glucose homeostasis and thermoregulation in humans." Journal of Physiology 596, no. 15 (2018): 3079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jp274354.

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43

Argyropoulos, George, and Mary-Ellen Harper. "Invited Review: Uncoupling proteins and thermoregulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 92, no. 5 (2002): 2187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00994.2001.

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Energy balance in animals is a metabolic state that exists when total body energy expenditure equals dietary energy intake. Energy expenditure, or thermogenesis, can be subcategorized into groups of obligatory and facultative metabolic processes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), through the activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), is responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis, a major component of facultative thermogenesis in newborn humans and in small mammals. UCP1, found in the mitochondrial inner membrane in BAT, uncouples energy substrate oxidation from mitochondrial ATP production and hence r

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Yu, Hsing Cheng, Bo Yi Li, Szu Ju Li, Chin Tien Yang, and Wei Chen. "Development of Portable Microclimate Water-Cooled Thermoregulation Systems for Active Stokehold Protective Garments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 419 (October 2013): 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.419.756.

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The active stokehold protective garments (ASPG) can remove body heat of ship stokehold operators working in confined and extremely hot environment via conductive heat exchange from circulating water-cooled fluid next to the skin through the body-temperature-monitoring method. Hence, portable microclimate water-cooled thermoregulation systems (MWCTS) for the ASPG have been developed by using programmable embedded system-on-chip (PSoC) in this paper. The ASPG have advantages of longer cooling periods, better temperature-controlled capability, and excellent thermal somatosensory comfort. Furtherm

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Smith, Jacqueline, Gary Alcock, and Kim Usher. "Temperature Measurement in the Preterm and Term Neonate: A Review of the Literature." Neonatal Network 32, no. 1 (2013): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.32.1.16.

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The maintenance of a constant body temperature is important to all humans but even more so for newborn babies (neonates), especially those born pre-term. Because accurate measurement of body temperature is an important component of thermoregulation management in the neonate, a review of the literature was undertaken to determine the most appropriate method and site of temperature measurement in both the preterm and term neonate. The available evidence indicates that the axilla remains the most common place for temperature measurement.

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Bischof, John C., and Kenneth R. Diller. "From Nanowarming to Thermoregulation: New Multiscale Applications of Bioheat Transfer." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 20, no. 1 (2018): 301–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044532.

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This review explores bioheat transfer applications at multiple scales from nanoparticle (NP) heating to whole-body thermoregulation. For instance, iron oxide nanoparticles are being used for nanowarming, which uniformly and quickly rewarms 50–80-mL (≤5-cm-diameter) vitrified systems by coupling with radio-frequency (RF) fields where standard convective warming fails. A modification of this approach can also be used to successfully rewarm cryopreserved fish embryos (∼0.8 mm diameter) by heating previously injected gold nanoparticles with millisecond pulsed laser irradiation where standard conve

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Porter, Craig, Elisabet Børsheim, and Labros S. Sidossis. "Does Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis Play a Role in Metabolic Health?" Journal of Obesity 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/204094.

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The function ascribed to brown adipose tissue in humans has long been confined to thermoregulation in neonates, where this thermogenic capacity was thought lost with maturation. Recently, brown adipose tissue depots have been identified in adult humans. The significant oxidative capacity of brown adipocytes and the ability of their mitochondria to respire independently of ATP production, has led to renewed interest in the role that these adipocytes play in human energy metabolism. In our view, there is a need for robust physiological studies determining the relationship between molecular signa

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Malkinson, T. J., K. E. Cooper, and W. L. Veale. "Physiological changes during thermoregulation and fever in urethan-anesthetized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 255, no. 1 (1988): R73—R81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.1.r73.

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Adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethan (1.5 g/kg). They were unable to maintain body temperature (Tb) in a warm (32 degrees C) or cool (9 degrees C) environment or at a laboratory room temperature of 22 degrees C. Tb was allowed to fall to 35.8, 34.5, or 33.3 degrees C, and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, 400 ng) was delivered into a lateral cerebral ventricle. An immediate feverlike rise in Tb resulted, accompanied by vigorous shivering. Animals were vasoconstricted throughout. When Tb was raised to and maintained at 38.3 or 39.5 degrees C, animals also responded with a fever; however,

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Blais, Anne, Catherine Chaumontet, Dalila Azzout-Marniche, et al. "Low-protein diet-induced hyperphagia and adiposity are modulated through interactions involving thermoregulation, motor activity, and protein quality in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 314, no. 2 (2018): E139—E151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00318.2017.

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Low protein (LP)-containing diets can induce overeating in rodents and possibly in humans in an effort to meet protein requirement, but the effects on energy expenditure (EE) are unclear. The present study evaluated the changes induced by reducing dietary protein from 20% to 6%—using either soy protein or casein—on energy intake, body composition, and EE in mice housed at 22°C or at 30°C (thermal neutrality). LP feeding increased energy intake and adiposity, more in soy-fed than in casein-fed mice, but also increased EE, thus limiting fat accumulation. The increase in EE was due mainly to an i

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Shrestha, S., D. B. Gurung, and K. C. Gokul. "Mathematical modeling of temperature variation in breast tissue with and without tumor/cyst during menstrual cycle." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 8, no. 2 (2021): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2021.02.192.

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The thermoregulation of human female body is influenced by hormonal and physiological changes in the body during the menstrual cycle. The fluctuation of estrogen and progesterone hormones, release in the follicular phase and the luteal phase of menstrual cycle, respectively play an important role in the growth of breast ducts and lobules (milk glands). The imbalance of these hormones causes breast tumors/cysts. The body core temperature, blood perfusion and metabolism rate are higher in the luteal phase than the follicular phase of menstrual cycle. In the present work, a tumor/cyst is assumed

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