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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermos bottles'
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MIYACHI, Kenichi. "Development of stainless steel thermos bottles." SHINKU 32, no. 12 (1989): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.32.869.
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Arif, Rifda Nur A., Abdurrahman Wahid, Ifa Hafifah, and Gia Eka Negara. "Effectiveness of Thermos to Maintain the Temperature of Ringer Lactate and Normal Saline 0.9% at AC Temperature 18˚C." Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan (Journal of Nursing Science) 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jik.2021.009.02.8.
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Hemorrhagic shock patients require fluid resuscitation, but extra efforts should be made to provide 39 C fluids to avoid hypothermia. One of the media to maintain temperature is a thermos. The purpose of this research is to identify whether the flasks can keep 39-degree crystalloid fluids at 18 degrees Celsius. This study used a pre-experimental method, with One-Shot Case Study type, 12 bottles of crystalloid liquid was warmed to 39°C, then put into 2 rice flasks, and temperature changes were measured for 6 hours at AC temperature 18˚C. The study was conducted on 30 November 2019. The findings show that temperatures in 6 bottles of RL liquid decreased by 6.8 -7.4 C and in 6 bottles of NS 0.9% liquid decreased by 5.3 - 6.4 C. Statistical results using the Mann-Whitney p-value is 0,000. It was concluded that there was a significant difference between changes in temperature of lactate Ringer's fluid and normal saline 0,9%. A thermos can maintain a temperature of 39˚C for about 1 hour and can prevent hypothermia from reaching 36˚C for about 3 hours.
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Saputri, Ninda, Abdurrahman Wahid, Tina Handayani Nasution, and Gia Eka Negara. "Thermos Ability in Maintaining Crystalloid Liquid Temperature (Ringer’s Lactate and Normal Saline 0,9%): an Alternative in Maintaining Resuscitation Fluid Temperature." Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan (Journal of Nursing Science) 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jik.2021.009.02.6.
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Haemorrhagic shock should be treated with fluid therapy at 390°C to avoid hypothermia. Storage of infusion fluid in a rice thermos is one method to maintain the temperature of the infusion fluid. This study aimed to determine the effect of using a thermos to maintain a temperature of 390C crystalloid liquid (ringer lactate and normal saline 0,9%) at a room temperature of 250C. This research method uses experimental quantitative (pre-experimental) with a one-shot case study design. Six bottles of Ringer's lactate and six bottles of normal saline 0,9% were warmed to 390C, then stored in a rice thermos at 250C and the temperature changes were measured for 6 hours. A digital thermometer was used to take measurements. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the data. The results show that the temperature of Ringer's lactate fluid was reduced by an average of 4,60C, and normal saline was reduced by an average of 4,30C. There was a significant difference in temperature changes in the ringer's lactate fluid and normal saline 0,9% (p=0,000;α=0,05). The results of the study were that the rice thermos was able to maintain the temperature of ringer's lactate fluid at 390C for 96 minutes and normal saline 0,9% for 78 minutes, while to prevent hypothermia (360C) ringer's lactate fluid for 4 hours 59 minutes and normal saline 0,9 % for 4 hours 55 minutes.
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Gebi, As'mau Ibrahim, Shehu Aliyu Yaro, Malik Abdulwahab, and Mamuda Rayyan Dodo. "Sinter recrystalization and properties evaluation of glass-ceramic from waste glass bottle and magnesite for extended application." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 22, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 285–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/223.
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In a bid to address environmental challenges associated with the management of waste Coca cola glass bottle, this study set out to develop glass ceramic materials using waste coca cola glass bottles and magnesite from Sakatsimta in Adamawa state. A reagent grade chrome (coloring agent) were used to modify the composition of the coca cola glass bottle; X-ray fluorescence(XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize raw materials, four batches GC-1= Coca cola glass frit +1%Cr2O3, GC-2=97% Coca cola glass frit+ 2% magnesite+1%Cr2O3, GC-3=95% Coca cola glass frit+ 4%magnesite+1%Cr2O3, GC-4=93%Coca cola glass frit+ 6%magnesite+ 1%Cr2O3 were formulated and prepared. Thermal Gradient Analysis (TGA) results were used as a guide in selection of three temperatures (7000C, 7500C and 8000C) used for the study, three particle sizes -106+75, -75+53, -53µm and 2 hr sintering time were also used, the sinter crystallization route of glass ceramic production was adopted. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the density, porosity, hardness and flexural strength of the resulting glass ceramics were also measured. The resulting glass ceramic materials composed mainly of wollastonite, diopside and anorthite phases depending on composition as indicated by XRD and SEM, the density of the samples increased with increasing sintering temperature and decreasing particle size. The porosity is minimal and it decreases with increasing sintering temperature and decreasing particle size. The obtained glass ceramic materials possess appreciable hardness and flexural strength with GC-3 and GC-4 having the best combination of both properties.
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Pokotylo, O. S., P. І. Golovach, and S. O. Pokotylo. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТЕЙ УТВОРЕННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОНОДОНОРНОЇ ВОДИ НА ОСНОВІ ЗМІН РН І ОВП ВОД В ТЕРМОСАХ-ІОНІЗАТОРАХ-ГЕНЕРАТОРАХ «LIVING WATER»." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 78, no. 4 (June 4, 2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.19.4.4.
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The relevance of the study of pH and ORP allows to determine the electron donor reduction system (catholyte) or electron acceptor oxidation system (anolyte) of water. The ORP of water depends on the state of dissociation of molecular hydrogen, the content of free hydrogen electrons. Each aqueous solution has its own characteristics as a catholyte or anolyte. The study of pH and ORP parameters of the most popular bottled non-carbonated drinking water in Ukraine of such TM as "Karpatska Dzherelna", "Truskavetska", "Morshynska", "Vyshnivetska", "BonAqua", "Buvette" was carried out. The study was conducted before and after 30, 60 minutes and 12 and 36 hours after water retention in the thermos-ionizer-generator of hydrogen water "Living Water" (TIG "LW").
Significant changes in pH and ORP in these TM of water during their storage in thermoses-ionizers-generators H2 "Living water" from 30 minutes to 36 hours are shown. The high efficiency of the thermo-ionizer-generator "Living Water" in the ability autonomously create electron-donating water with weakly alkaline pH (7.9-8.3) and negative ORP (-110 mV - -230 mV) for 30 minutes is confirmed. Such water meets the parameters of increased biological activity.
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Zhang, Dao Cheng, Ke Jun Zhu, Shao Hui Yin, and Yong Jian Zhu. "Numerical Simulation of Glass Bottle Forming Process." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.136.
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Glass forming process is a high-volume fabrication method for producing glass containers. In this paper, the mechanisms of glass forming process were analyzed. Combined the coupled thermo-mechanical analysis with the finite element method (FEM) simulation, it was carried out to analyze the key process factors such as forming temperature, forming pressure, friction coefficient. The results show that forming pressure has the greatest influence on the stress.
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Carrigan, Charles R. "Biot number and thermos bottle effect: Implications for magma-chamber convection." Geology 16, no. 9 (1988): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0771:bnatbe>2.3.co;2.
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Rofieq, Mochamad. "PERANCANGAN ALMARI PAKAIAN BAYI SERBAGUNA MELALUI BRAINSTORMING DENGAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA." Jurnal Teknik Industri 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2012): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol13.no1.101-107.
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Goal of designing baby cupboard is to make easy for the young mother that have a baby. It designed for any needs,example as place of clothes, tools of bath and tools of drink (thermos, teapot, milk, bottle), and in order to them not difficultto prepare baby's drink in the night. The technics has made to develop alternative is brainstorming. It used with collectingsome suggestion from young mother that have a baby, mother to be and susters are in the hospital. From the result with thisbrainstorming made a Morfology Chart that use to choose the best alternative to design the baby cupboard product.
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Leal, Gonzalo, and Jhon Iván Peñaloza. "Obtención de precursores para la fabricación de fibras de carbono a partir de fondos de desasfaltado de crudo de Castilla." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 2, no. 3 (December 31, 2002): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.536.
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Obtaining raw materials for the manufacturing of carbon fibers from Castilla's crude-oil deasphalted bottoms was achieved through thermal treatments carried out in inert atmosphere, at temperatures ranging from 573 K to 673 K. The deasphalted bottoms displayed isotropic characteristics. Deasphalted bottoms and thermally-treated fractions were characterized using elemental and thermo-gravimetric analyses; the softening point was also defined. The thermal treatment increases the C/H ratio, which is reflected in the softening temperatures. Thermally-treated fractions showed excellent behavior in the threading process and the obtained fibers were stabilized through air-driven oxidation. Once the fibers were stabilized, they were carbonized in inert atmosphere, at 1073 K and 1273 K. Results showed that when this raw material is processed, it has a performance rating of over 65%, and produces compact, infusible structures that may be classified as general-use carbon fibers.
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Vásquez, William F., Pallab Mozumder, and Dina Franceschi. "Water Quality, Household Perceptions and Averting Behavior: Evidence from Nicaragua." Water Economics and Policy 01, no. 04 (December 2015): 1550011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x15500113.
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We investigate household perceptions of water quality and associated averting behaviors using household survey data from León, Nicaragua. Seemingly unrelated instrumental variable probit models are estimated to take the potential endogeneity of water quality perceptions and the relationship between different averting behaviors into account. Survey results indicate that a large majority of households use tap water for drinking purposes. Less than 26% of sampled households implement in-home water treatments and about 33% of households consume bottled water. Results indicate that observed averting behaviors (i.e., consumption of bottled water and in-home water treatments), or lack thereof, are primarily driven by the perceived quality of tap water. Findings also indicate that perceptions of water quality are associated with service performance and assessment of water quality relative to peers. Policy implications are discussed.
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Naksuwan, Pornchaloem, Michal Komárek, Jana Salačová, and Jiří Militký. "The Study of Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Nanofibres from Pet Bottle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 848 (July 2016): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.848.3.
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Bottles made from poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) can be recycled and reused the material to reduce the amount of waste going into landfills. In this study, electrospun fibres from recycled PET were produced by a melt-electrospinning method. The effect of the melting temperature, applied voltage and distance between die and collector on the morphology of the electrospun fibres was investigated. Thermal properties of recycled PET were characterized by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was observed that recycled PET granules were melted at a temperature of 260, 290 and 310 °C, the melt polymer was electrospun at a high voltage of 38 kV and electrospinning was carried out at a distance of 12 cm. The Recycled PET electrospun had diameters ranging from 45 to 65 µm.
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Ysseldyke, Jim. "Improving teaching and learning:A thermos bottle keeps things hot and cold, but how does it know?" Australasian Journal of Special Education 22, no. 3 (1999): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1030011200024416.
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The topic we are addressing in this session isimprovingteaching and learning. We are talking aboutimprovingteaching and learning. I assume our focus is on improving teaching and learning for those students who are resistant to instruction and for whom we need tointensifyour instructional efforts. These students are present in all of our classrooms. There are three things that are necessary in order to improve teaching and learning. We must know:• Where we are going (goals)• How best to achieve the goals (effective strategies and tactics)• Whether we have achieved the goals (accountability)
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Irianto, M. Tumpu, and Franky E. P. Lapian. "Asphalt Mix Compressive Stress-Strain Behavior: An Analytical and Experimental Study of Variable Influence." Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 1525–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-05-011.
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To address the excessive depletion of natural resources in Indonesia's civil construction sector, there's a rising trend in utilizing plastic waste from packaging, such as beverage bottles and plastic bags, alongside renewable energy sources like Modified Buton Asphalt (MBA). MBA serves as a partial substitute for both fine and coarse natural aggregates and non-renewable energy sources like petroleum bitumen. This study aimed to investigate the effects of incorporating polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) waste as partial substitutes for coarse and fine aggregates through experiments and t-tests. The objective was to determine how the stress-strain behavior of asphalt mixtures formed using MBA changed with the addition of this mixture. Additionally, compressive strength and elastic modulus were calculated under mixed compressive loads. PET and PP plastic waste replaced natural coarse and fine aggregates at three volume percentages: 1%, 2%, and 3%, with a PET:PP ratio of 50%. A manual grater was used to shred PET and PP plastic bottles into shredded plastic waste, which was retained in sieve no. 50 after sieving. The study found that adding PET, PP plastic, and MBA waste enhanced the asphalt mixture's mechanical strength and modified relevant variables, resulting in a more elastic and ductile behavior. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-05-011 Full Text: PDF
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Bałdowska-Witos, Patrycja, Katarzyna Piotrowska, Weronika Kruszelnicka, Marek Błaszczak, Andrzej Tomporowski, Marek Opielak, Robert Kasner, and Józef Flizikowski. "Managing the Uncertainty and Accuracy of Life Cycle Assessment Results for the Process of Beverage Bottle Moulding." Polymers 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061320.
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Using environmentally friendly materials in the technological process of bottle production fits perfectly into the idea of sustainable development. The use of natural raw materials as well as conscious energy consumption are strategic aspects that should be considered in order to improve the effectiveness of the bottle moulding process. This paper presents a new and structured approach to the analysis of uncertainty and sensitivity in life cycle assessment, one developed in order to support the design process of environmentally friendly food packaging materials. With regard to this “probabilistic” approach to life cycle assessment, results are expressed as ranges of environmental impacts, and alternative solutions are developed while offering the concept of input uncertainty and the effect thereof on the final result. This approach includes: (1) the evaluation of the quality of inputs (represented by the origin matrix); (2) the reliability of results and (3) the uncertainty of results (the Monte Carlo method). The use of the methodology is illustrated based on an experiment conducted with real data from the technological process of bottle production. The results provide insight into the uncertainty of life cycle assessment indicators regarding global warming, acidification and the use of arable fields and farmland.
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Ysseldyke, Jim. "Improving teaching and learning: A thermos bottle keeps things hot and cold, but how does it know?" Australasian Journal of Special Education 22, no. 3 (1999): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1030011990220303.
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Ysseldyke, Jim. "Improving teaching and learning: a thermos bottle keeps things hot and cold, but how does it know?" British Journal of Special Education 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2007): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8578.1996.tb00935.x.
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Mali, Sawanta S., Jyoti V. Patil, and Chang Kook Hong. "A ‘Smart-Bottle’ humidifier-assisted air-processed CuSCN inorganic hole extraction layer towards highly-efficient, large-area and thermally-stable perovskite solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 17 (2019): 10246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01094g.
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A long-term thermally stable, inexpensively produced, inorganic-hole extraction layer (i-HEL) is the best choice for the commercialization of air-thermo-stable, low-cost, highly-efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
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Obeid, Farah, Joseph Zeaiter, Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb, and Kamal Bouhadir. "Thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of waste polyethylene bottles in a packed bed reactor with different bed materials and catalysts." Energy Conversion and Management 85 (September 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.075.
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Ren, Fengming, Xiwen Zhang, Mingxin Lin, Qing Wang, and Jing Sun. "Recycling Local Waste Glass Bottles into Cement Paste: Effect on Hydration, Microstructure, and CO2 Emission." Materials 16, no. 18 (September 13, 2023): 6195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186195.
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Large amounts of waste glass are generated along with the manufacturing of glass products, causing detrimental effects on the environment. Through crushing and ball-milling, waste glass powder (WGP) can be acquired from glass bottles and has been suggested in cementitious systems due to its potential pozzolanic activity. To better understand the impact of WGP on cementitious composites, experimental tests of rheology, heat of hydration, and strength development were conducted on cement pastes with and without WGP. Results show that the rheological performance of cement paste is improved when WGP with particles passing through 80 μm sieves is incorporated. The retarding effect and pozzolanic reaction were observed through X-ray diffraction patterns and thermo-gravimetric parameter analyses. A calcium hydroxide (CH) content calculation further confirms the secondary reactivity of WGP in cement pastes. Compared with the samples without WGP, the normalized CH content of binder per unit mass containing 35% WGP decreased by 21.01%, 24.94%, and 27.41% at the ages of 1, 28, and 90 days, respectively, which contributes to late-age strength development of pastes. At the same time, the hydration per unit of cement was increased by 21.53%, 15.48%, and 11.68%, which improved the cement efficiency. In addition, WGP particles provide nuclei for hydration products, facilitating the subsequent growth of C-S-H and strength development in late ages. Based on value engineering analysis, WGP was found to reduce the impact of Portland cement on the environment by 34.9% in terms of carbon dioxide emissions, indicating a bright prospect for WGP in the cement industry.
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Rigail-Cedeño, Andres F., Antonio Diaz-Barrios, Juan Gallardo-Bastidas, Stefania Ullaguari-Loor, and Nicolás Morales-Fuentes. "Recycled HDPE/PET Clay Nanocomposites." Key Engineering Materials 821 (September 2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.67.
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Recycling waste plastics will support the preservation of natural resources and energy consumption. New challenges arise for the development of products that take advantage of solid waste. Upgrading recycled plastics using nanotechnology can tailor and consequently improve plastic properties for industrial applications. This research aims to process and relate the morphology and thermo-mechanical properties of recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) clay nanocomposites. Blends of rHDPE (75 wt %) coming from packaging and rPET (25 wt %) from bottles were mixed with two organoclays (Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 30B) (3 wt %) and a compatibilizer agent based on ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate (EGMA) (5 wt %). The recycled plastics nanocomposites were processed using a single-screw extruder incorporating a dispersive and distributive mixer and an injection molding machine. Several techniques were used to characterize the dispersion, morphology, mechanical properties and compatibilization of these composite blends. The reinforcing effect of rPET in the continuous rHDPE phase depended on the organoclay type and the compatibilizer additive. Both organoclays increased the stiffness and strength of rHDPE and rPET as evidenced by an increase in the corresponding Young modulus and ultimate tensile strength. EGMA increased the compatibility in the recycle plastics blend and in the clays nanocomposites as evidenced in elongation and energy at break results. On the other side, Cloisite 20A showed to be more compatible with EGMA than Cloisite 30B in these rHDPE/rPET blends based on the thermo-mechanical properties results.
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Albini, Giulia, Valentina Brunella, Bartolomeo Placenza, Brunetto Martorana, and Vito Guido Lambertini. "Comparative study of mechanical characteristics of recycled PET fibres for automobile seat cover application." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 6 (December 18, 2018): 992–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717750887.
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Polyethylene terephthalate is a thermoplastic polymer with a wide range of uses, including synthetic fibres and containers for beverages and other liquids. Recycling plastics reduces the amount of energy and natural resources needed to create virgin plastics. Polyethylene terephthalate containers and bottles are collected and then broken down into small flakes used to produce new products such as textile fibres. Thermo-mechanical degradation may happen during the recycling process and presence of contaminants affects the final product characteristics. Two kinds of recycled polyethylene terephthalate fibres were used for fabrics production: post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fibres and a blend of post-consumer and post-industrial polyethylene terephthalate fibres. Focusing on knitted and flat-woven textile structures, main mechanical properties of the fabrics were assessed by various tests, like tensile strength test and wear resistance test. A comparative study with the current production of virgin polyethylene terephthalate fabrics was useful to evaluate high standards accordance for automotive field. Both knitted and flat-woven recycled polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had excellent performance after mechanical tests. Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had the best results, especially after wear resistance test. These results allow an evaluation of their applications.
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G, Anusha,. "REFRIGERATION USING PELTIER EFFECT." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 3, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29990.
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Refrigerators are being used nowadays, There are various types of refrigeration systems available in the market, each with advantages and disadvantages of its own. Using a thermoelectric cooling system will maintain a consistent temperature throughout and be lightweight, portable, and simple to use. This makes it perfect for the transportation and storage of live human organs as well as medications, immunizations, and blood banks. The gadget can be utilized in cars as long as the vehicle has a 12V DC source. The thermoelectric cooler is a new technique that has many advantages. At its prototype size, this portable mini refrigerator can chill many 200-ml bottles or a soft drink canister. Based on the outcome, a more refined model can be built. When mass-produced, our attempt to create an environmentally friendly refrigerator without the risk of handling a hazardous refrigerant is fairly inexpensive, and it can be installed in a car's glove compartment or have its refrigeration compartment. The main motto of this project is to design a prototype of a thermoelectric Refrigerator using the Peltier effect Key Words: Refrigeration, Thermo-electric Cooler Module, Peltier Device, etc
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Zende, Sayli Anand, Tanvi Kulkarni, Shubhada Yadav, Ajay Biradar, and Avinash Devare. "Live tracking of saline for betterment of patient." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 9, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v9.i3.pp178-182.
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In hospitals, Saline is fed to patients to treat dehydration and use of saline improves their health. In current health care measures, whenever a saline is fed to any patient, the patient must be continuously monitored by nurse, doctor or caretaker. So basically, in all the hospitals nurse or caretaker is responsible for monitoring of saline. Due to the avoidance of nurses towards the saline level monitoring or lack of knowledge it can harm to the patients health. Therefore, to stop the patient from obtaining injured and shield their lives throughout saline feeding amount, the saline level observance system are developed. The planned system is made Internet web of Things (IoT) platform. The planned system includes of devices which can act as tier sensor for observance the crucial level of the saline within the saline bottle. Whenever the amount of the saline reaches to the predefined crucial level, then the nurses, caretaker, doctors are alerted through the alarm associate in Nursing an alert message are sent through the utilization of web to the involved nurses and doctors that there's a requirement for replacement of the saline bottle. This planned system may be utilized efficiently in homes as well as hospitals.
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Mahmoudi, Abdelkader, Samir Benyoucef, Abdelouahed Tounsi, Abdelkader Benachour, El Abbas Adda Bedia, and SR Mahmoud. "A refined quasi-3D shear deformation theory for thermo-mechanical behavior of functionally graded sandwich plates on elastic foundations." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 6 (August 24, 2017): 1906–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217727577.
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In this paper, a refined quasi-three-dimensional shear deformation theory for thermo-mechanical analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates resting on a two-parameter (Pasternak model) elastic foundation is developed. Unlike the other higher-order theories the number of unknowns and governing equations of the present theory is only four against six or more unknown displacement functions used in the corresponding ones. Furthermore, this theory takes into account the stretching effect due to its quasi-three-dimensional nature. The boundary conditions in the top and bottoms surfaces of the sandwich functionally graded plate are satisfied and no correction factor is required. Various types of functionally graded material sandwich plates are considered. The governing equations and boundary conditions are derived using the principle of virtual displacements. Numerical examples, selected from the literature, are illustrated. A good agreement is obtained between numerical results of the refined theory and the reference solutions. A parametric study is presented to examine the effect of the material gradation and elastic foundation on the deflections and stresses of functionally graded sandwich plate resting on elastic foundation subjected to thermo-mechanical loading.
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Mardiah, Mardiah, Sri Rejeki Retna Pertiwi, Darwis Marwa, and Aji Jumiono. "ANALISIS MUTU MINYAK GORENG DENGAN PENGULANGAN PENGGORENGAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Pangan Halal 1, no. 1 (September 21, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jiph.v1i1.2001.
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Cooking oil is one of the food ingredients consumed by all levels of Indonesian society. People generally use cooking oil many times so that the risk to health. The purpose of this study was to test the quality of cooking oil after repeated use. The sampling method is using 4 types of packaging brand oil and 1 type of bulk oil each type of 1 liter. The frying oil sample taken was placed in a sealed bottle, inserted into a thermos, and brought to the laboratory for testing. Type of food used for frying is tempe and mackerel as much as 3 times the frying test. The frying method is deep frying. The analyzes were peroxide number, acid number, and water content. From the research, the characteristic of the quality of cooking oil average peroxide number in the first to third repetition is 0.63-5,63 meq / kg, acid number 0,22-0,56 mg KOH / g, and moisture content 0 , 05-0.18%. In the repetition of frying tempe until fifth cooking oil is above standard, while the frying tempe on the seventh repetition is above standard.Keywords: deep frying, quality, cooking oil.
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Nespoli, Adelaide, Francesca Passaretti, László Szentmiklósi, Boglárka Maróti, Ernesto Placidi, Michele Cassetta, Rickey Y. Yada, David H. Farrar, and Kun V. Tian. "Biomedical NiTi and β-Ti Alloys: From Composition, Microstructure and Thermo-Mechanics to Application." Metals 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12030406.
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A comprehensive, bottoms-up characterization of two of the most widely used biomedical Ti-containing alloys, NiTi and β-Ti, was carried out applying a novel combination of neutron diffraction, neutron prompt-gamma activation, surface morphology, thermal analysis and mechanical tests, to relate composition, microstructure and physical-chemical-mechanical properties to unknown processing history. The commercial specimens studied are rectangular (0.43 × 0.64 mm~0.017 × 0.025 inch) wires, in both pre-formed U-shape and straight extended form. Practical performance was quantitatively linked to the influence of alloying elements, microstructure and thermo-mechanical processing. Results demonstrated that the microstructure and phase composition of β-Ti strongly depended on the composition, phase-stabilizing elements in particular, in that the 10.2 wt.% Mo content in Azdent resulted in 41.2% α phase, while Ormco with 11.6 wt.% Mo contained only β phase. Although the existence of α phase is probable in the meta-stable alloy, the α phase has never been quantified before. Further, the phase transformation behavior of NiTi directly arose from the microstructure, whilst being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. A strong correlation (r = 0.878) was established between phase transformation temperature and the force levels observed in bending test at body temperature, reconfirming that structure determines performance, while also being highly influenced by thermo-mechanical history. The novel methodology described is evidenced as generating a predictive profile of the eventual biomechanical properties and practical performance of the commercial materials. Overall, the work encompasses a reproducible and comprehensive approach expected to aid in future optimization and rational design of devices of metallic origin.
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Viana, Júlio C., and Lyudmil Todorov. "Structure-Properties Relationships in Processed Poly(ethylene terephthalate)." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1757.
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Abstract. Upon processing, polymeric products feature a complex microstructure. Besides evolving over the molded component, a through-the-thickness variation is also developed. This is the result of the thermo-mechanical environment (combined thermal and mechanical fields) applied during processing, which varies with the molding technique, the selected molding conditions and polymer properties (rheological, thermal, constitution). This complex microstructure makes rather intricate the establishment of structure-properties relationships in processed polymers. In fact, the basic identification of most relevant morphological parameters determining the behavior of the moldings is been revealed a difficult endeavor, further complicated by the multi-scale morphology presented by polymeric materials. This work follows an inductive approach for establishing the relationships between the structure and the properties (mechanical and barrier) of molded poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET. These relationships are investigated for specimens prepared by different methods, from “simple” to more “complex” stretching modes. Initially, PET specimens were prepared by stretching thin films at different high temperatures and strain rates, followed by quick cooling in a universal testing machine equipped with a thermal camera (uniaxial stretched specimens). More closely to processing, PET injection molded preforms were free blown without a mold with distinct conditions (free blown specimens). Finally, PET bottles were produced from the preforms also under different blown conditions. The morphology of all specimens was assessed by bi- and tri-refringence and DSC. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile tests at room temperature. Also, the oxygen transmission rate, OTR, was assessed for the PET bottles. For this low crystallinity and slowly crystallizable polymer, the initial modulus is mainly related to the amorphous phase (i.e., molecular mobility and orientation level). The yield stress appears to be determined by the degree of crystallinity and level of molecular orientation. In the case of free blown specimens (bi-axially stretched) the anisotropy of the initial modulus depends upon the induced anisotropy of the molecular orientation. OTR is influenced by the molecular orientation and the degree of crystallinity of the polymer. An attempt to interpret these types of relationships by molecular dynamics simulations is made.
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Viegas, Leila Soares, Ulisses Targino Bezerra, and Normando Perazzo Barbosa. "Blocks for Performance of Masonry Using PET Bottle Seal: Thermal, Acoustic, and Mechanical and Evaluation." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 753–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.753.
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Recycling and reuse of materials is seen as the most evident solution for sustainable development. One aspect relevant to this development refers to integration of engineering to devise ways that enable the reuse of materials considered as waste, but with great potential of applicability in the building industry itself, through the generation of appropriate technologies and products that can be an alternative to social housing. So, this research aims to propose the use of PET bottles incorporated in blocks for the implementation of masonry that provides a thermal insulation in social housing. For the execution of the blocks, the PET bottles were inserted and centered in wooden molds easily made, which were subsequently filled with mortar. Three walls were executed in masonry with conventional ceramic brick, and three walls with blocks of PET for comparison of performance in thermal, acoustic, and mechanical behavior, varying the mix proportion of mortar. The thermal test consisted of preparing panels having a height of 1.20 m and a width of 1.00 m, instrumented with five thermo pair in both sides, measuring the temperatures at the surface of incidence of the heat source and on the opposite side. The acoustic performance test was done in two ways, a pure and a more complex method, using a reverberating chamber, always placing a sound source on one side and measuring the sound pressure after the wave crossed the walls already thermally tested. To obtain the mechanical performance, measurements, the same panels were tested with compression in a structures laboratory. The masonry made with PET blocks showed in thermal tests, performance similar behavior to those obtained in conventional masonry. In the acoustic tests, masonry blocks made with PET were superior to masonry with ceramic blocks. In tests concerning the mechanical performance, all three PET block walls reached greater tensile strength than those with ceramic bricks. Therefore the blocks with PET can be used as sealing bricks. Their manufacturing process is simple and could be applied for use with poor populations with the support of an institution to produce that element of construction, generating employment and income.
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Abass, Falak U., Salah F. Sharif, and Mohammed O. Abass. "Optimal Design of Bituminous Improvement Residue in Roofing and Building Applications." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.14.3.05.
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This work was based on the fact that a lot of waste-environmental pollution’s-can be re-used by fabrication in different economical techniques in addition to save the environment from their aggressive effects. The wastes of polyethylene (Pepsi bottles) and black emulation waste(bwb) for petroleum (bitumen) from local street and Iraqi refineries were used in this work to prepare a matrix materials (bwb/As/PE, bwb /Sc/PE)that will suitably used as water proofing lining and wall insulation. Different weight ratios of waste polymer (polyethylene) as(10,20,30.40,50) wt% bwb is used to improve phsiyco chemco-properties and different reinforcement local cheap ceramic materials such as asbestos fiber (As) (5, 10, 15,20,25) vol% and silicon carbide (Sc )(5,10,15,20,25) wt% to improve thermo-mechanical properties of black waste bitumen (bwb). Their effects on both phsiyco-chemco and thermo-mechanical properties (chemical resistance, thermal stability, TG analysis, tensile strength) of both matrices systems (bwb/As/PE, and bwb/Sc/PE) produced achieved optimum mixing ratiowhich gives best properties with less internal stresses had been showed. The result of testing shows that an optimum mixing ratio for sample (3) from both matrices systems (bwb/AsiPE and bwb/Sc/PE) and with excellent pysiyco-chemco and thermo-mechanical properties for system bwb/As/PE system Aging for 7 days,50 °C in different chemical solutions (100% H2O, 5% NaOH, and 5% H2SO4), The results of TG test are: an excellent thermal stability and less loss in weight is for sample (3) reinforced by asbestos fiber where its loss only 5% of original weight at 500 °C compared to sample 3 reinforced by silicon carbide, which its loss 20% of original weight at the same temperature, The thermal conductivity for both samples reinforced by asbestos fiber and silicon carbide decreased with increasing reinforcement agent (asbestos, and silicon carbide ) with excellent results for asbestos sample at 0.009 w/m oC than other one of 0.5 w/m °C. For silicon carbide The mechanical properties tensile load resistance for asbestos sample (3) after aging it in different chemical solutions (100% H2O, 5% NaOH, and 5%H2SO4) for 7 days at 50 °C with rang 100-200 dyne/cm compared to that of silicon carbide sample (3) for range 60-78 dyne/cm respectively.
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Widianto, Topik Wahyu, Andi Marini Indriani, and Gunaedy Utomo. "Kuat Lentur Beton Menggunakan Agregat Batu Petangis dan Pasir Semboja dengan Penambahan Botol Plastik." Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi & Teknik Sipil 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jurmateks.v6i2.4989.
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Utilizing local materials is a strategic step in optimizing concrete production in East Kalimantan. There's an example supply of petangis stone and semboja sand aggregates. Apart from that, using various wastes, including plastic waste, in concrete production is also a current issue. This study aims to investigate the potential substitution of fine aggregates with PET and combine them with local materials, to understand their impact on the bending strength of concrete. The study tested concrete bending strength using 15x15x60 cm blocks with PET plastic substitutions at 0.30%, 0.45%, and 0.60% of sand weight, comparing them with PET-free concrete. The research results show that adding 0.30 and 0.45% PET plastic bottles causes a decrease in the flexural strength of concrete. This is related to the influence of changes in the composition of the concrete mix, including factors such as uneven aggregate distribution and less-than-optimal material binding. Flexural strength increases at a percentage of 0.60% by 3.7% or 3.3 MPa and shows better results than normal concrete. So the PET percentage can be used as a recommendation in making concrete using local materials such as petangis stone aggregate and semboja sand.
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McCauley, Robert, and Douglas H. Cato. "The marine fish Terapon theraps calling in tropical Australia." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023650.
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Calling by fish of the family Terapontidae, primarily Terapon theraps, is a dominant component of sea noise recorded in northern Australian tropical coastal waters. These fish produce nightly choruses over a few hours at frequencies from 50 Hz to a few kilohertz, with spectral peaks up to 30 dB above background. Choruses are heard over muddy bottoms <30 m depth. The two commonly heard calls range from 73–260 ms in length and comprised 11–21 pulses with repetition rates of 87–121 Hz. Calls were produced by muscle action on a two chambered swim bladder, and differed by muscle contraction rates, damping, and possibly the opening state of a sphincter separating chambers. Swimbladder carrier frequencies varied from 570–1465 Hz. Source levels varied from 141–154 dB re 1 mPa @ 1 m. Heavily damped alarm calls were sometimes heard. Chorusing fish schools were up to 2 km across although they were diffuse and actively calling fish extended beyond this region. A chorus could be detected out to 8 km from its center, well beyond the detection range of an individual call. Choruses may advertise school location during spawning, be used for mate attraction or mediate gamete release in dark turbid waters.
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Zimmer, Johannes, Christian Detrois, and Markus Stommel. "Evaluation Method for Stretch Blow Moulding Simulations with Process-Oriented Experiments." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 1658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.1658.
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In the Stretch blow moulding (SBM) process, polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-preforms are biaxially deformed to produce thin walled bottles. Finite-Element (FE)-Simulations are an important tool to optimise this process in terms of material usage and product performance. Thereby, the implementation of the thermo-mechanical material behaviour of PET plays an important role to achieve realistic simulation results. A common approach for this purpose is to calibrate a material model with stress-strain curves from biaxial stretching experiments. Thin PET-sheets are stretched under defined temperatures and strain rates. However, these experiments include process simplifications concerning geometry, heating and deformation parameters. This paper presents a method for extracting temperature dependent stress-strain-curves from experiments close to the production process. PET-Preforms receive thermal treatment with Infrared (IR)-heaters from an SBM-machine and are subsequently inflated in free air (free blow trial). A high-speed-IR-camera is used to image the axial and radial temperature distribution on the preform immediately before blowing. The deformation process is recorded via 3d-high-speed-cameras with a frame rate of 2000/s. The cameras are synchronised with a pressure sensor to consequently calculate reliable stress-strain curves at any point on the preform. In addition FE-simulations of the free blow trials are conducted using a material model calibrated with the simplified stretching experiments of thin PET sheets. Resulting stress-strain-curves from simulations and free-blow-trials are finally compared to evaluate the quality of the material model as well as the underlying testing procedure.
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Amirsoleimani, Atena, and Gail M. Brion. "Solar disinfection of turbid hygiene waters in Lexington, KY, USA." Journal of Water and Health 19, no. 4 (June 16, 2021): 642–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.003.
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Abstract Solar disinfection (SODIS) could be a key to providing a clean, hygiene water for birthing uses, but the recommended climate zone is limited, the microbial indicators are related to gastrointestinal illness and not wound infections. SODIS feasibility was investigated to remove Escherichia coli from turbid water at temperatures less than 50 °C in Lexington, KY. Increasing turbidity from 0 to 200 NTU decreased E. coli inactivation from 5 to 1 log. With the same experimental protocol, more than 4-log inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (common human-skin microorganisms related to serious post-partum infections of both mother and child) was achieved at different turbidity levels with a maximum, in-bottle temperature of 49.2 °C after 5.5 h. The thermal inactivation of the bacterial indicators was assessed without UV radiation and turbidity in water at 37 and 47 °C. Skin bacteria were inactivated completely after 9.5 h at 47 °C, but only 58% removal happened for thermo-tolerant E. coli. These results suggest that SODIS application may be expanded geographically to treat water for hygiene purposes. However, as E. coli is also capable of causing wound infections, UV with thermal inactivation may be required to produce safe hygiene water by SODIS outside of recommended latitudes.
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Hwang, Chiu-Chu, Chung-Saint Lin, Yi-Chen Lee, Cheng-I. Wei, Hung-Nan Tung, Tsung-Yin Ou, Tai-Yuan Chen, and Yung-Hsiang Tsai. "Physicochemical and Microbial Quality of Prepackaged Shrimp Processed by a Scaled-Up Microwave-Assisted Induction Heating Technology." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 9514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209514.
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A second generation and scaled-up equipment, named Aligo-2TM (microwave-assisted induction heating, MAIH) with a sample capacity of approximately 1.0 L was designed and invented by Bottle Top Machinery Co., Ltd., Taiwan. Pre-packaged raw shrimps were heated in a scaled-up system using heating temperatures of 130 °C and 90 °C for 80 to 150 s, and the physicochemical and microbial qualities were evaluated. The total plate count, psychrotrophic bacteria count, and coliform levels decreased as heating time increased, whereas the cooking loss, color (L*, a*, and W) value, and texture increased. When shrimps were heated for the longest time of 120 s at 130 °C or 150 s at 90 °C, they displayed obvious overcooked, shrunken, and dry appearance. To obtain samples that showed a red color, cooked well, and had no microbial count, better heating conditions for the processing of pre-packaged shrimps via the MAIH scale-up system were 130 °C for 100 s or 90 °C for 130 s. This novel and scaled-up MAIH equipment provides shrimp to be cooked after being packed, thereof avoiding the post-contamination problem.
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Devaki, C. S., D. D. Wadikar, and P. E. Patki. "Vegetable gourds – guards of human health: a critical appraisal." Nutrition & Food Science 45, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-12-2013-0146.
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Purpose – The purpose of the paper was to assess the functional properties vegetable gourds & the validated health claims so as to help the future researchers to locate the gaps. However, emphasizing on the scientifically available reports was required to make information available in a nutshell to the health-conscious consumers, as well as the researcher from the area of functional foods and nutrition. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a mini-review of scientific findings in different studies on gourd vegetables. The approach to information collection was finding the research gaps and potential areas for future work with a nutritional perspective. Findings – Ash gourd, bitter gourd and bottle gourd have been extensively studied, and several health benefits and functional components have been reported, while ridge gourd, snake gourd and pointed gourd have been sparsely studied for their therapeutic benefits and the validation thereof; hence, there lies a scope for researchers. Research limitations/implications – The scarcity of scientific reports compared to the traditional usage and folkloric beliefs was a limitation. Originality/value – Understanding the nutritional potential of gourd vegetables from scientific reports may influence both the work areas and consumers in the appropriate direction.
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Volkov, Ivan, Leonid Igumnov, Svetlana Litvinchuk, and Igor Vorobtsov. "Modeling dynamic deformation and failure of thin-walled structures under explosive loading." EPJ Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818303016.
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In the framework of mechanics of damaged media, behavior of thin-walled structures under pulsed loading is described. Account is taken of the interaction of the processes of dynamic deformation and damage accumulation, as well as of the main characteristic features of the dynamic failure process: the multi-staged character, nonlinear summation of damage, stressed state history and accumulated damage level. The chosen system of equations of thermo-plasticity describes the main effects of dynamic deformation of the material for random deformation trajectories. The equations of state are based on the notions of yield surface and the principle of gradientality of the plastic strain rate vector. Evolutionary equations of damage accumulation are written for a scalar parameter of damage level and are based on energy principles. The effect of the stressed state type and the accumulated damage level on the processes of nucleation, growth and merging of microdefects is accounted for. Results of numerically modelling processes of dynamic deformation and failure of spherical and closed cylindrical shells with plane and hemispherical bottoms under single pulsed explosive loading are presented. The computational results are compared with experimental data.
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Puu, Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga. "PENYEBARAN HAMA KUTU PUTIH PEPAYA PARACOCCUS MARGINATUS Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) PADA BERBAGAI TANAMAN INANG DI KABUPATEN ENDE." AGRICA 3, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v3i2.495.
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Papaya is one of the many horticultural commodities grown by farmers. In mid-2008, thousands of trees in the District Sukaraga papaya, Bogor Regency pest infestation papaya white and whole tree has been attacked. P. marginatus is a prolific insect that attack several host plants, including tropical fruit crops and ornamental plants. This research aims to determine the spread of lice infestation in White Paracoccus marginatus Ende and type of host plants are attacked by pest Mite White Paracoccus marginatus. This study is useful to obtain information about the spread of pest P. marginatus in the district of Ende as a step in taking control measures, information to relevant agencies and farmer about the existence pf pest P. marginatus in Ende district, and continued research on the existence of natural enemies and pest bioecology O. Marginatus. Sampling study conducted in 21 sub-district in NTT Propinsis Ende. The study was conducted from March-August 2011. Materials used in this study plant pest Paracoccus marginatus, Alcohol 95%. The tools used are a collection of bottles, brushes, a microscope, transparent plastic, paper labels, Thermo-Hygrometer, coo box, stationery and literature. The result showe that the spread of pest P. marginatus was observed in 21 sub-district in Ende found only in the District 2 District East Ende and Ndona. Papaya is attacked by P. marginatus have chlorotic leaves, young leaves to fall and prospective fruits and fruit and leaves are covered by this pest by stacking layers of wax until the drought ends up dead. The intensity of damage caused by pest P. marginatus in the District of East Ende of 33.33% and 16.67% for Ndona District. The spread of pest P. marginatus in the district of Ende found at two locations namely Ende District East and District Ndona. Types of host plants are attacked by pest P. marginatus is Papaya plants.
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Gouasmi, Mohammed Touhami, Ahmed Soufiane Benosman, and Hamed Taïbi. "Development of Materials Based on PET-Siliceous Sand Composite Aggregates." Journal of Building Materials and Structures 4, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v4i2.32.
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Plastic waste recycling for the development of new building materials, such as cementitious composites, appears to be one of the best solutions to get rid of this type of waste. This operation has many economic and ecological advantages. The present study proposes some solutions for the recovery of plastic waste from PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles in order to obtain, after heat treatment at 290 °C followed by step cooling, a light composite material (PET-siliceous sand) with a hardness close to that of natural rock. The structure of the material obtained is characterized first; then the effect of this composite, with different substitution rates of natural aggregate, on the behavior of an industrial screed is studied. Afterwards, some specific recommendations for the uses of this screed, and possibly of the composite itself, are given. Although the main effects of certain polymeric additives on the mechanical properties of mortars are known, the mechanisms that are responsible for these effects are not yet well understood. Techniques such FTIR, XRD, SEM and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are analytical tools that can be used for the characterization and expertise of this type of composites, particularly the industrial composite screeds. Results from the present article enabled us to state that the composition of the materials obtained remains qualitatively unchanged and that no chemical interaction was observed between the mineral species and the waste PET lightweight aggregate (WPLA) or the composite itself; in fact, no new compounds were formed. In addition, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique allowed us to conclude that the addition of WPLA has an influence on cement hydration. The thermo-mechanical characterization of WPLA made it possible to observe an excellent arrangement between the PET and siliceous sand. Therefore, the development of WPLA may be another solution for a number of applications in the field of eco-materials for construction and building.
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Lin, E. Emily, Umar A. Razzaque, Stephen A. Burrows, and Stoyan K. Smoukov. "End-to-end system for rapid and sensitive early-detection of SARS-CoV-2 for resource-poor and field-test environments using a $51 lab-in-a-backpack." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): e0259886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259886.
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COVID-19 has exposed stark inequalities between resource-rich and resource-poor countries. International UN- and WHO-led efforts, such as COVAX, have provided SARS-CoV-2 vaccines but half of African countries have less than 2% vaccinated in their population, and only 15 have reached 10% by October 2021, further disadvantaging local economic recovery. Key for this implementation and preventing further mutation and spread is the frequency of voluntary [asymptomatic] testing. It is limited by expensive PCR and LAMP tests, uncomfortable probes deep in the throat or nose, and the availability of hardware to administer in remote locations. There is an urgent need for an inexpensive “end-to-end” system to deliver sensitive and reliable, non-invasive tests in resource-poor and field-test conditions. We introduce a non-invasive saliva-based LAMP colorimetric test kit and a $51 lab-in-a-backpack system that detects as few as 4 viral RNA copies per μL. It consists of eight chemicals, a thermometer, a thermos bottle, two micropipettes and a 1000–4000 rcf electronically operated centrifuge made from recycled computer hard drives (CentriDrive). The centrifuge includes a 3D-printed rotor and a 12 V rechargeable Li-ion battery, and its 12 V standard also allows wiring directly to automobile batteries, to enable field-use of this and other tests in low infrastructure settings. The test takes 90 minutes to process 6 samples and has reagent costs of $3.5 per sample. The non-invasive nature of saliva testing would allow higher penetration of testing and wider adoption of the test across cultures and settings (including refugee camps and disaster zones). The attached graphical procedure would make the test suitable for self-testing at home, performing it in the field, or in mobile testing centers by minimally trained staff.
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Bruwer, Johan, Polymeros Chrysochou, and Isabelle Lesschaeve. "Consumer involvement and knowledge influence on wine choice cue utilisation." British Food Journal 119, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 830–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2016-0360.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the utilisation of product choice cues in a retail environment and the impact of consumer involvement on this utilisation. It further investigates the impact of product knowledge on product choice cue utilisation and its moderating role on the impact of consumer involvement. Design/methodology/approach The case of wine as an exemplary product category is considered, given the importance and variability of choice cues that have been found to affect product choice. Analysis is conducted on survey data from a sample of wine consumers in Ontario, Canada. Product choice cues are grouped into extrinsic, intrinsic and marketing mix. The importance of how these cues are influenced from different dimensions of consumer involvement is illustrated. Findings The results show that product knowledge has a positive impact on intrinsic product cue utilisation and further moderates this relationship improving the predictability of the hypothesised model. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed. Practical implications From an industry viewpoint, the focus in the past has mostly been on using packaging to attract attention/create awareness, create an image of desirability, etc., but not nearly as much on the functionality aspects thereof; for example alternative smaller packaging sizes to the standard 750 ml wine bottle. Originality/value The study uses a multi-dimensional approach to measure the impact of enduring involvement on utilisation of product choice cues.
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Palani, Hemasankari, D. Prema, P. Kaladaran, Vasanthkripa, K. Vijayakumaran, and R. Narayana Kuma. "Beach litter survey of selected beaches of coromondel coast of Tamil Nadu, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 08 (2022): S387—S396. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i08s.057.
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The beach litter survey of the selected beaches of Tamilnadu viz. Marina, (lat 13°055’N and long 80°28’E), Besant nagar (lat 12°99’N, long 80°27E) and Thiruvanmiyur (lat 12°97’N and long 80°26´E) were done in the year 2014. Beach litter survey was done mainly to quantify as well as to know the distribution pattern of different types of litter in all the selected beaches surveyed. The different types of litters surveyed in the year 2014 from Jan-Dec includes nylon/ HDP ropes/fishnet pieces (A), plastics covers, sachets, containers of creams, oil, ointments(B), chappals, foot wear (other than leather items)(C), glass bottles, electric bulbs, CFL bulbs (source of Hg) (D), waste (TV, Computer hard- wares, mobile phone handsets charges)(E) and Thermo col, PUF insulators of AC/Fridge, Styrofoam, etc. (F). Among the total litter distribution item C, chappals, footwear (other than leather items) is the highest (4000g/m2) followed by item B, plastics covers, sachets containers of creams, ointments, oil, (2525 g/m2), item F, thermocol, PUF insulators of AC/Fridge, stryrofoam, (1310g/m2), item D, glass bottles, electric bulbs, CFL bulbs (sources of Hg), (1125g/m2) and item A, nylon, HDP ropes and fishnet pieces, 1075 g/m2. In Marina Beach, in post monsoon season (Jan’14 to Mar’14) the item C is more than in A followed by B,D,F and E in summer season(Apr’14 to June’14) the litter distribution is more in C followed by F, B, D, A & E. In pre monsoon season (July’14 to Sep’14) the item B is more followed by C, F, A, D and E in monsoon season, (Oct’ 14 to Dec’14) the item B is followed by F,C, A, E and D. In Besant nagar beach in post monsoon season, (Jan’14 to Mar’14) the item C is more followed by D, A, B, F and E in summer season (April’ 14 to June’14) the item C is more followed by B,F,A,D and E in pre monsoon season, the item B is more followed by C,F,A,D and E in monsoon season, the item F is followed by B, A, C, D and E. In Thiruvanmiyur beach in post monsoon season(Jan’14 to Mar’14) the item C is more followed by B, A, F, D and E, in summer season, (Apr’14 to June’ 14) the item B is more followed by C,F,A,D and E in pre monsoon season, (July’14 to Sep’14) the item B is more followed by F,A,D,C and E in monsoon season, (Oct’14 to Dec’14) the item D is more followed by B,C,F, A and E. In marina beach, the PCA analysis of the beach litter for 12 consecutive months showed that the 2 components extracted had a variance of 49.02% with an eigen value of 2.45 and 25.63%, cumulative variance of 74.65% with an eigen value of 1.28. In Besant nagar beach, the PCA analysis showed that the 2 components extracted had a variance of 43.51% with an eigen value of 2.18 and 32.73% with an eigen value of 1.64 and the cumulative variance of 76.23%. In Thiruvanmiyur beach, the 2 PCA components extracted had a variance of 55.51% with an eigen value of 2.78 and 30.58% with an eigen value of 1.53 and the cumulative variance of 86.09%.
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Friedel, K., and A. Wymyslowski. "An Approach To Numerical Simulation Of Thermal Contact Problems In Modern Electronic Packages." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-1.1.39.
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The increasing demand on higher packaging density, higher frequency and higher power of the electronic devices is a challenge for contemporary engineers to be able to simulate and prototype as mechanical as thermal problems. The heat dissipation problem is becoming nowadays a crucial issue and requires application of materials with high thermal conductivity and novel packaging methods. Currently there are a number of recognised “bottle necks” for heat dissipation in electronic packages. One of them is a thermal contact resistance (TCR), which arises in the region where two solid contact members touch each other. The high TCR reduces the amount of heat which can be transmitted from the heat source to the heat sink and the same raises the device temperature and reduces the overall reliability of the package due to thermo-mechanical stresses. There have been a large number of theoretical and experimental investigations performed to understand and improve the knowledge on TCR. The TCR arises in the region of contact, when two solids are pressed together. The real contact area is only a small fraction of the nominal or apparent area [1]. Despite of the profound studies not fully understanding and satisfactory method has been elaborated to be able to predict with reasonable accuracy the heat conduction across the contact. Besides, the thermal properties of TCR are not known and only some assumptions are made to be able to simulate the temperature distribution over electronic packages with the TCR existence. In this paper a combined experimental-numerical approach to the simulation of thermal contact problems in electronic package is applied. The test results revel that the approach can be a promising solution allowing for quick verification and evaluation of temperature distribution in high power electronic packages, which seem to be crucial nowadays.
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Chríbik, Andrej, Marián Polóni, Andrej Majkút, Ladislav Écsi, and Ladislav Gulan. "High-Energy Synthesis Gases from Waste as Energy Source for Internal Combustion Engine." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 10, 2023): 7806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15107806.
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The aim of the presented article is to analyse the influence of the composition of synthesis gases with mass lower heating values in the range from 12 to 20 MJ/kg on the performance, economic, and internal parameters of an atmospheric two-cylinder spark-ignition combustion engine suitable for a micro-generation unit. The analysed performance parameter was the torque. The economic parameters analysed were the hourly fuel consumption and the engine’s effective efficiency. The analysed internal parameters of the engine were the indicated mean effective pressure, the pressure profiles in the cylinder, the course of the maximum pressure in the cylinder, and the course of the burning-out of the fuel in the cylinder. The analysed synthesis gases were produced by thermo-chemical processes from waste containing combustible components (methane, hydrogen and carbon monoxide) as well as inert gases (carbon dioxide and nitrogen). Higher hydrocarbons, which may be present in a synthesis gas, were not considered in this contribution because of their easy liquefaction at higher pressures in pressure bottles. A total of ten gases were analysed, all of which fall into the category of high-energy synthesis gases. The measured data from the operation of the combustion engine running on the examined gases were compared with the reference fuel methane. The measured results show a decrease in the performance parameters and an increase in the hourly fuel consumption for all operating loads. Specifically, at the engine speed of 1500 rpm, the drop in performance parameters was in the range from 9% to 24%. The performance parameters were directly proportional to the lower volumetric heating value of the stoichiometric mixture of gases with air. The rising fuel consumption proportionally matched the increase in the mass proportion of fuel in the stoichiometric mixture with air. The effective efficiency of the engine varied from 27.4% to 31.3% for different gas compositions, compared to 31.6% for methane. The conclusive results indicate that the proportion of hydrogen, methane and inert gases in the stoichiometric mixture of synthesis gases with air has the greatest influence on the course of fuel burning-out. The article points to the potential of energy recovery from waste by transforming waste into high-energy synthesis gases and their use in cogeneration.
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Dietz, Vivien E. "The Politics of Whisky: Scottish Distillers, the Excise, and the Pittite State." Journal of British Studies 36, no. 1 (January 1997): 35–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386127.
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The De'il cam fiddling thro' the town,And danced awa wi' the Exciseman;And ilka wife cried, ‘Auld Mahoun,We wish you luck o' your prize, man.’We'll mak our maut, and brew our drink,We'll dance, and sing, and rejoice, man;And mony thanks to the muckle black De'ilThat danced awa wi' the Exciseman.There's threesome reels, and foursome reels,There's hornpipes and strathspeys, man;But the ae best dance e'er came to our Ian',Was-the De'il's awa' wi' the Exciseman.(Robert Burns,The De'il's awa' wi' the Exciseman, 1792)In 1823 the English government introduced a new Act reducing the outrageous excise tax to levels that made it possible for enterprising Scots to come out of hiding and legally produce and sell their beloved whisky. (Bottle of Glenlivet malt whisky, 1990)In late December 1783, a desperate king took a seemingly desperate political step. With all of his other options exhausted, George III asked William Pitt, then only twenty-four years old, to form a government. In recognition of both the king's remarkable choice and the time of year, Pitt's critics, eagerly expecting the new administration to be short-lived, dubbed it the “mincepie administration.” The critics were of course wrong; Pitt survived not only that Christmas season but another twenty in office. Yet they had reason to be skeptical. For one of the “presents” delivered to the young chancellor of the Exchequer that first Christmas Eve was the preliminary report of a parliamentary committee, appointed under Lord Shelburne, “to enquire into the illicit practices used in defrauding the revenue.”
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Hafidh, Teuku, Agus Arip Munawar, and Zulfahrizal Zulfahrizal. "Pengembangan Teknologi Infra Merah untuk Mendeteksi Kadar Minyak Kelapa sebagai Bahan Pemalsu Minyak Nilam Aceh." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 8, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v8i1.22813.
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Abstrak: Saat ini pemalsuan produk atsiri menjadi salah satu isu yang sangat menarik, khususnya nilam. Pemalsuan biasanya merupakan pencampuran antara produk yang bernilai rendah dengan yang bernilai tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang teknologi NIRS sebagai metode cepat dan tepat dalam memprediksi kadar minyak kelapa yang dicampurkan didalam minyak nilam Alat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini antara lain GCMS, Thermo Nicolet Antaris II TM, botol kaca 3 ml, gelas kimia, timbangan digital, micropipette, Magnetic Stirrer, dan Software Unscrambler X versi 10.3. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu minyak nilam (Crude Oil) dari PUI PT Nilam Atsiri Research Center (ARC) Universitas Syiah Kuala dan minyak kelapa yang diperoleh dari pasaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Teknologi near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) dengan metode partial least square (PLS) telah berhasil mendapatkan prediksi kadar minyak kelapa yang dicampurkan didalam minyak nilam yaitu pretreatment Derivative 1 (D1). Metode koreksi yang terbaik dalam mempediksi kadar minyak kelapa yang dicampurkan didalam minyak nilam adalah pretreatment Derivative 1 (D1), pretreatmen ini berhasil memperbaiki model yang dibangun oleh PLS, dimana model PLS-D1 memiliki ikatan variable dengan latent variable 6, nilai RPD sebesar 3,13 nilai korelasi (r) sebesar 0.94, nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.89 dan nilai root mean erorr calibration (RMSEC) sebesar 9,17. (Development of Infra Red Technology for Detecting The Levels of Coconut Oil as A Material used in Product Counterfeiting of Patchouli Oil)Abstract: Currently, counterfeiting of essential oil products, especially patchouli, is a very interesting issue. Counterfeiting is usually done by mixing low-value and high-value products. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about NIRS technology as a fast and precise method for predicting the levels of coconut oil mixed in patchouli oil. The tools used in this research include GC-MS, Thermo Nicolet Antaris II TM, 3 ml glass bottle, beaker, digital scale, micropipette, Magnetic Stirrer, and Unscrambler X Software version 10.3. The materials used in this study were patchouli oil (Crude Oil) from PUI PT Nilam Atsiri Research Center (ARC) Syiah Kuala University and coconut oil obtained from the market. The results of this study indicate that the near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technology with the partial least square (PLS) method has succeeded in predicting the content of coconut oil mixed in patchouli oil, namely pretreatment Derivative 1 (D1). This correction method is the best in predicting the content of coconut oil mixed in patchouli oil and improving the model built by PLS, where the PLS-D1 model has a variable binding with a latent variable of 6, an RPD value of 3.13, a correlation value (r) of 0.94, the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.89, and the root mean error calibration (RMSEC) of 9.17.
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Vasil'chuk, Yurij Kirillovich, Jessica Yur'evna Vasil'chuk, and Alexander Pavlovich Ginzburg. "Cryogenic soils in the Vilyuy River Valley (Yakutia)." Арктика и Антарктика, no. 3 (March 2021): 80–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-8922.2021.3.36671.
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The object of this research is the cryogenic soils of the territory located in Central Yakutia, in the middle reach of Vilyuy River nearby Makhatta Tukulan with middle-taiga larch woods landscapes. In July 2021, on the right and left banks of the Vilyuy River, twelve soil sections have been formed, which relate to turf-podzols and turf-sub-units of the illovial-ferruginous, sod and alluvial sod, psammozems and stratozems according to to classification and diagnostics of Russian soils (2004). On the slope of the river valley was also formed the soil catena that included elementary geochemical landscapes of river terraces tops and slopes surfaces, as well as middle and high floodplains on the slopes of thermofusional funnels. Soil sections were also formed in flooded beam bottom and well-drained ravine bottom, on sub-horizontal Makhatta Tukulan surface, bottoms and slopes of thermo-suffosional funnels. The study involves 46 soil samples for measuring the acidity level (pH), electric conductivity (EC), and concentration of total disolved solids (TDS). The explored soils are characterized with pH ranging from 2.81 to 7.78, with most common fluctuations of 5.5–5.6. TDS rates were often within the limit of 10 mg L-1 and rarely exceeded that threshold, however, there were single valyes higher than 50 mg L-1. Thus, the highest EC values (over 100 μS/cm) were measured in surface and subsurface horizons with high organic matter content, whereas mostly mineral horizons had typical EС values within the limit of 20 μS/cm.
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Möller, Julia. "Solid-State NMR Revealing the Impact of Polymer Additives on Li-Ion Motions in Plastic-Crystalline Succinonitrile Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 56 (December 22, 2023): 2726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02562726mtgabs.
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To enhance the safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), alternatives to liquid electrolytes are widely studied. One of them is the plastic-crystal succinonitrile (SN) which can solvate various Li salts.[1] This system can be further extended by inserting polymers, bringing additional advantages such as higher melting points and the possibility of adjusting thermo-mechanical and electrochemical properties.[2] The plastic-crystalline electrolyte consisting of the Li salt lithium bis(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) dissolved in SN was extended by adding various thermoplastic polymers, namely, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyethylene carbonate (PEC), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Even small amounts (10 wt %) of added polymer to the SN-base were found to impact the Li-ion mobility. Variable temperature investigations on structure and ion dynamics were performed using static and magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR and various relaxometry measurements. Influence of the Li-concentration and the polymers’ functional groups on the structure of SN and the resulting Li-ion mobility was elaborated. Activation energies and jump rates of the Li-ions were determined. As a result, the PAN containing system stands out to be a promising candidate for application in future LIBs as it shows high ion mobility, low activation energy, and a high potential for further modifications. Solid-state NMR turned out to be a reliable method and a good alternative to impedance spectroscopy measurements for investigating ion mobility behaviour providing even more information.[3] Literature: [1] S. Long, D. R. MacFarlane, M. Forsyth, Solid State Ionics 2004, 175, 733. [2] N. Voigt, L. van Wüllen, Solid State Ionics 2014, 260, 65. [3] J. Möller, V. van Laack, K. Koschek, P. Bottke, M. Wark, J. Phys. Chem. C 2023, 127, 1464.
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Steinkamp, Jackson M., Nathaniel Goldblatt, Jacob T. Borodovsky, Amy LaVertu, Ian M. Kronish, Lisa A. Marsch, and Zev Schuman-Olivier. "Technological Interventions for Medication Adherence in Adult Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review." JMIR Mental Health 6, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): e12493. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12493.
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Background Medication adherence is critical to the effectiveness of psychopharmacologic therapy. Psychiatric disorders present special adherence considerations, notably an altered capacity for decision making and the increased street value of controlled substances. A wide range of interventions designed to improve adherence in mental health and substance use disorders have been studied; recently, many have incorporated information technology (eg, mobile phone apps, electronic pill dispensers, and telehealth). Many intervention components have been studied across different disorders. Furthermore, many interventions incorporate multiple components, making it difficult to evaluate the effect of individual components in isolation. Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review to develop a literature-driven, transdiagnostic taxonomic framework of technology-based medication adherence intervention and measurement components used in mental health and substance use disorders. Methods This review was conducted based on a published protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42018067902) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic review guidelines. We searched 7 electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Engineering Village, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2000 to September 2018. Overall, 2 reviewers independently conducted title and abstract screens, full-text screens, and data extraction. We included all studies that evaluate populations or individuals with a mental health or substance use disorder and contain at least 1 technology-delivered component (eg, website, mobile phone app, biosensor, or algorithm) designed to improve medication adherence or the measurement thereof. Given the wide variety of studied interventions, populations, and outcomes, we did not conduct a risk of bias assessment or quantitative meta-analysis. We developed a taxonomic framework for intervention classification and applied it to multicomponent interventions across mental health disorders. Results The initial search identified 21,749 results; after screening, 127 included studies remained (Cohen kappa: 0.8, 95% CI 0.72-0.87). Major intervention component categories include reminders, support messages, social support engagement, care team contact capabilities, data feedback, psychoeducation, adherence-based psychotherapy, remote care delivery, secure medication storage, and contingency management. Adherence measurement components include self-reports, remote direct visualization, fully automated computer vision algorithms, biosensors, smart pill bottles, ingestible sensors, pill counts, and utilization measures. Intervention modalities include short messaging service, mobile phone apps, websites, and interactive voice response. We provide graphical representations of intervention component categories and an element-wise breakdown of multicomponent interventions. Conclusions Many technology-based medication adherence and monitoring interventions have been studied across psychiatric disease contexts. Interventions that are useful in one psychiatric disorder may be useful in other disorders, and further research is necessary to elucidate the specific effects of individual intervention components. Our framework is directly developed from the substance use disorder and mental health treatment literature and allows for transdiagnostic comparisons and an organized conceptual mapping of interventions.
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Pierzgalska, Elżbieta, Kamil Rezmer, and Iwona Kobusińska. "Introduction of a new French beer brand on the Polish market in the opinion of consumers." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2023, no. 174 (2023): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.174.11.
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Objective: The study aims to identify the behavior, opinions, motives and expectations of Polish consumers towards beer brands, with a particular focus on a beer brand manufactured by a French brewery. The consumer survey carried out allows identification of several major potential consumer groups to be targeted by a medium-sized independent French brewery with its offer. Methodology: The study employed the use of primary sources obtained via a measurement instrument, in the form of an online survey questionnaire, developed for the purpose of the ResearchLab 2022 academic contest organized by Le Sphinx. The consumer survey was conducted in the period from April 12 to May 01, 2022. A method of indirect measurement, i.e., a survey questionnaire, was used to collect the material, which allows collection and examination of data on large research populations. The questionnaire consists of introductory questions regarding the beer market in Poland, consumer behavior questions concerning consumer awareness, preferences and consumption motives, questions pertaining to market barriers and foreign beer brands, as well as a metric part. The research process involved the use of Sphinx software, which allows intuitive development of a survey questionnaire, its quick distribution, convenient collection of data, as well as comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis thereof. The platform additionally allows for real-time tracking of the survey results, which quite is important when conducting research on a well-defined study group. The survey encompassed a research population of 3792 respondents (male and female) of different age ranges. The sample size was determined on the basis of Internet accessibility in Poland (92.4%, in 2021) (2021 Information Society in Poland…, 2021, p. 125). In order to maintain result representativeness, the minimum number of survey participants was calculated at 2401 respondents, assuming a confidence level of 95% and an error of 2%. The representative sample was of a quota nature, defined by the contest holder, and encompassed 40% of respondents aged 18-35 and 36-55 respectively, as well as 20% of respondents over 56 years of age. Gender-wise sample distribution was 60% males and 40% females. The data was examined using such statistical methods as structure analysis, as well as positional or classical measures. Results: The survey results show that the preferred beer package size is 500ml glass bottle, with an alcohol content of 3.6% to 7%. The main Polish market competition for the French independent brewery's new beer brand are Lech, Żywiec, and Desperados. The preferred beer types are lager (72%), IPA (47%) and flavored beer (47%). The beer flavors most commonly chosen by consumers on the Polish market are lemon and lime, mojito, apple and honey. An ideal beer, as typified by the respondents, would be characterized by average proportions of aroma, color, carbonation, bitterness and alcohol content. The factors prompting consumers to try new beer brands are primarily taste, price and advertising, therefore, it is worth focusing on the three, maintaining proportions in the order in which the factors have been presented. Information regarding alcohol novelties most commonly is derived from friends or Social Media, which is why advertising should involve the use of these channels for e.g., various types of Facebook, Instagram, Youtube, Tik Tok contests. The respondents reacted positively to the French beer brand, and the majority would opt to try this type of beer, given the opportunity. Their expectation with regard to the brand is high price, good quality and taste, as well as elegance. Its envisioned label design is associated with the national colors of France, the city of Paris, Napoleon, and the Alps. It is thus worth taking the above associations into account when designing the label. Originality: The article presents the consumer opinions regarding introduction of a new French product on the Polish market. It is addressed to distributors of imported beer. Key words: beer, beer market in Poland, France, French brewery. Article category: Research Paper.
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Cohen, Rachel, Geoff Fernie, and Atena Roshan Fekr. "Monitoring fluid intake by commercially available smart water bottles." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08335-5.
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AbstractFluid intake is important to prevent dehydration and reduce recurrent kidney stones. There has been a trend in recent years to develop tools to monitor fluid intake using “smart” products such as smart bottles. Several commercial smart bottles are available, mainly targeting health-conscious adults. To the best of our knowledge, these bottles have not been validated in the literature. This study compares four commercially available smart bottles in terms of both performance and functionality. These bottles are the H2OPal, HidrateSpark Steel, HidrateSpark 3, and Thermos Smart Lid. One hundred intake events for each bottle were recorded and analyzed versus ground truth obtained from a high-resolution weight scale. The H2OPal had the lowest Mean Percent Error (MPE) and was able to balance out errors throughout multiple sips. The HidrateSpark 3 provided the most consistent and reliable results, with the lowest per sip error. The MPE values for HidrateSpark bottles were further improved using linear regression, as they had more consistent individual error values. The Thermos Smart Lid provides the lowest accuracy, as the sensors do not extend through the entire bottle, leading to many missed recordings.