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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermosensitive copolymers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Duflot, V. R., A. V. Gaivoronsky, and E. I. Lobanova. "Synthesis of thermosensitive copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide with 2-aminoethylmethacrylate hydrochloride." Fine Chemical Technologies 16, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2021-16-2-167-175.

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Objectives. Due to the increasing number of oncological diseases, active research into developing new radiopharmaceuticals is underway. Thermosensitive copolymers have valuable physicochemical properties that can be harnessed to develop therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for treating solid tumors. The aim of this study was to develop a method for producing thermosensitive copolymers that can find use as radionuclide carriers to create therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for treating solid tumors.Methods. Using radical copolymerization in polar solvents, we synthesized water-soluble copolymers based on N-isopropyl acrylamide and 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride. The resulting copolymers were characterized in terms of molecular composition and hydrodynamic properties using gel permeation chromatography, IR spectroscopy, potentiometry, and viscometry. Changes in optical density during temperature scanning helped determine the phase transition temperature (PTT) of aqueous copolymer solutions.Results. We developed a method for preparing copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate using radical copolymerization in water and isopropanol with a content of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride in a copolymer up to 23 mol %. We studied how the second comonomer affected the PTT of the aqueous copolymer solutions. An increase in the content of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate in the copolymer caused the PTT to increase. We found that the change in the PTT depending on the content of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate units in the copolymer had a straightforward relationship with its content up to 17 mol %. The use of physiological saline as a solvent led to a temperature decrease of the phase transition by two degrees.Conclusions. The method of producing thermosensitive copolymers by radical copolymerization in isopropanol does not allow creating a radionuclide carrier. Solutions of the obtained lowmolecular weight oligomers form coacervate solutions, which will inevitably cause the radionuclide to spread throughout the body. The copolymers obtained by radical copolymerization in water with the content of the second comonomer 2-aminoethyl methacrylate from 10–17 mol % can be used as a radionuclides carrier provided that a physiological solution of sodium chloride is used as a solvent.

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2

Graillot, A., S. Djenadi, C. Faur, D. Bouyer, S. Monge, and J. J. Robin. "Removal of metal ions from aqueous effluents involving new thermosensitive polymeric sorbent." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 6 (March 1, 2013): 1181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.671.

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In this work, new thermosensitive copolymers bearing phosphonated groups were synthesized and used to remove metal pollution. Sorption properties are brought by hydrolyzed (dimethoxyphosphoryl)methyl 2-methylacrylate (hMAPC1) monomer. N-n-propylacrylamide (NnPAAm) led to the thermoresponsive properties of the copolymers. Low lower critical solution temperature (LCST) values were observed, ranging between 20 and 25 °C depending on the molar ratio of each monomer in the copolymer. Sorption properties of these copolymers towards nickel ions were evaluated for increasing temperatures (10–40 °C), Ni ion concentrations of 20 mg L−1 and pH values between 3 and 7. Best results were observed for temperatures just lower than the LCST (20 °C), when the copolymer was fully soluble in water solution. For temperature higher than the LCST, phosphonic diacid groups accessibility was considerably reduced by the precipitation of the thermosensitive part of the copolymer leading to lower sorption properties. In these conditions, the highest Ni removal by the copolymer was observed for pH = 7, when there was almost no competition between the sorption of H+ and Ni2+ ions on the phosphonic acid groups. These optimal conditions enabled removal of about 70% of the nickel in the synthetic effluent.

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3

Tanimoto, Satoshi, Naoto Yagi, and Hitoshi Yamaoka. "Application of Thermosensitive Peptide Copolymer Gels to Removal of Endocrine Disruptor." Research Letters in Materials Science 2009 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/597308.

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Poly(L-leucine)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-leucine) triblock copolymers were synthesized by a ring-opening polymerization ofα-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride with amino-terminated PEG as an initiator. The chloroform solution of these peptide copolymers showed a thermo-sensitive sol-gel transition. The transition temperature varied as a function of the length of peptide segments. Additionally, we used these peptide copolymers to remove an endocrine disruptor such as bisphenol A from its aqueous solution. As a result, it became clear that the peptide copolymer gel used in this study could capture bisphenol A efficiently.

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4

Qin, Jian, Yun Suk Jo, and Mamoun Muhammed. "Coating Nanocrystals with Amphiphilic Thermosensitive Copolymers." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 48, no. 42 (October 5, 2009): 7845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200900489.

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5

Qin, Jian, Yun Suk Jo, and Mamoun Muhammed. "Coating Nanocrystals with Amphiphilic Thermosensitive Copolymers." Angewandte Chemie 121, no. 42 (October 5, 2009): 7985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200900489.

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6

Zhu, X. X., D. Avoce, H. Y. Liu, and A. Benrebouh. "Copolymers ofN-alkylacrylamides as thermosensitive hydrogels." Macromolecular Symposia 207, no. 1 (February 2004): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200450317.

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7

Patel, Sulabh P., Ravi Vaishya, Gyan Prakash Mishra, Viral Tamboli, Dhananjay Pal, and Ashim K. Mitra. "Tailor-Made Pentablock Copolymer Based Formulation for Sustained Ocular Delivery of Protein Therapeutics." Journal of Drug Delivery 2014 (June 22, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/401747.

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The objective of this research article is to report the synthesis and evaluation of novel pentablock copolymers for controlled delivery of macromolecules in the treatment of posterior segment diseases. Novel biodegradable PB copolymers were synthesized by sequential ring-opening polymerization. Various ratios and molecular weights of each block (polyglycolic acid, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone) were selected for synthesis and to optimize release profile of FITC-BSA, IgG, and bevacizumab from nanoparticles (NPs) and thermosensitive gel. NPs were characterized for particle size, polydispersity, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading. In vitro release study of proteins from NPs alone and composite formulation (NPs suspended in thermosensitive gel) was performed. Composite formulations demonstrated no or negligible burst release with continuous near zero-order release in contrast to NPs alone. Hydrodynamic diameter of protein therapeutics and hydrophobicity of PB copolymer exhibited significant effect on entrapment efficiency and in vitro release profile. CD spectroscopy confirmed retention of structural conformation of released protein. Biological activity of released bevacizumab was confirmed by in vitro cell proliferation and cell migration assays. It can be concluded that novel PB polymers can serve a platform for sustained delivery of therapeutic proteins.

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8

Fu, Wenxin, and Bin Zhao. "Thermoreversible physically crosslinked hydrogels from UCST-type thermosensitive ABA linear triblock copolymers." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 45 (2016): 6980–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01517d.

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9

Castro-Hernández, Ana, and Norma Aidé Cortez-Lemus. "Thermo/pH Responsive Star and Linear Copolymers Containing a Cholic Acid-Derived Monomer, N-Isopropylacrylamide and Acrylic Acid: Synthesis and Solution Properties." Polymers 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2019): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111859.

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In this work three CTAs trithiocarbonate-type were synthesized—bifunctional (with PEG), trifunctional (with glycerol), and tetrafunctional (PERT)—and used in the controlled polymerization of 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl cholate (CAE) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The resulting macroCTAs containing a cholic acid-derived polymer were chain extended with N-isopropylacrylamide with or without acrylic acid. The thermosensitive and/or pH properties of these copolymers were studied in PBS solutions. The copolymers synthesized without poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) were unstable above the transition temperature. Similar behavior was observed for the copolymer solutions containing PAAc (2% in feed) at lower values of pH showing a faster precipitation above the LCST. On the contrary, copolymer solutions containing PAAc showed great stability at higher pH values for a longer time period at 37 °C. Interestingly, the Dh of the aggregates ranged from 18 to 30 nm in all copolymers (with or without PAAc) below the transition temperature, although the topology and the block sequence in the chain were significantly different.

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10

Nakan, U., T. Tolkyn, G. Zh Yeligbayeva, D. B. Adikanova, М. Е. Nursultanov, and Y. Shaymardan. "Preparation and characterization of thermosensitive hydrophilic copolymers." Vestnik KazNRTU 143, no. 2 (2021): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51301/vest.su.2021.i2.20.

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11

Dong, Sun, Chen, Yang, Li, Wang, and Luo. "Influence of Cyclodextrins on Thermosensitive and Fluorescent Properties of Pyrenyl-Containing PDMAA." Polymers 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101569.

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A series of pyrenyl-containing PDMAA copolymers were prepared by free radical copolymerization of dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) with pyrenebutanoyloxy ethyl methacrylate (PyBEMA). The structure of as-prepared copolymers was characterized by UV, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The effect of cyclodextrins (α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD) on the thermosensitivity and fluorescence of the copolymers in aqueous solutions were investigated. It was found that the as-prepared copolymers exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type thermosensitivity. Cloud point (Tcp) decreases with the increasing molar content of PyBEMA unit in the copolymers. Tcp of the copolymers increases after the CD is added from half molar to equivalent amount relative to pyrenyl moiety, and that further adding twice equivalent CD results in a slight decrease in Tcp. The copolymers exhibit a pyrene emission located at 377 nm and a broad excimer emission centered at 470 nm. The copolymers in water present a stronger excimer emission (Intensity IE) relative to monomer emission (Intensity IM) than that in ethanol. The IE/IM values decrease after the addition of equivalent α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD into the copolymers in aqueous solution, respectively. The IE/IM values abruptly increase as the copolymers’ concentration is over 0.2 mg/L whether in ethanol solution or aqueous solution with or without CD, from which can probably be inferred that intra-polymeric pyrene aggregates dominate for solution concentration below 0.2 mg/L and inter-polymeric pyrene aggregates dominate over 0.2 mg/L. Furthermore, the formation of the CD pseudopolyrotaxanes makes it possible to form pyrene aggregates. For high concentration of 5 g/L, the copolymers and their inclusion complexes completely exhibit an excimer emission. The IE values abruptly increased as the temperature went up to Tcp, which indicates that the IE values can be used to research phase separation of polymers.

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12

Park, Kwi Deok, Hong Hee Jung, Jun Sik Son, Jong Won Rhie, Ki Dong Park, Kwang Duk Ahn, and Dong Keun Han. "Thermosensitive and Cell-Adhesive Pluronic Hydrogels for Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.301.

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Pluronic F127 has received increasing attention over many years as drug delivery systems, biomaterials, and hydrogels for tissue engineering. In this study, we synthesized temperature-sensitive and cell-adhesive triblock F127 copolymers, in which Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide ligand was grafted to Pluronic F127-4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride (4-META) to obtain F127-META-RGD. The chemical structures of the F127-META-RGD block copolymers were confirmed by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, and GPC. The resultant F127-META-RGD showed very similar thermosensitive behaviors to F127 and F127-META. The critical micelle temperature (CMT) of the F127 copolymers decreased in the order of F127 < F127-META < F127-META-RGD, whereas the particle size followed an opposite trend. Interactions between the F127 copolymers and adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) were evaluated in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation on the hydrogel. These thermosensitive RGD-grafted Pluronic hydrogels that display the enhanced cell adhesiveness, are expected to be useful as a functional injectable scaffold for tissue engineering.

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13

Carrero, Maria G., James J. Posada, and Marcos A. Sabino. "Intelligent copolymers based on poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) PNIPAm with potential use in biomedical applications. Part i: PNIPAm functionalization with 3-butenoic acid and piperazine." International Journal of Advances in Medical Biotechnology - IJAMB 1, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25061/2595-3931/ijamb/2018.v1i1.9.

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The synthesis and characterization of the thermosensitive copolymers based on Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and 3-butenoic acid and functionalized with piperazine was carried out. The free radical polymerization of the PNIPA copolymer with 3-butenoic acid was performed under microwave radiation. After obtaining this copolymer, the carboxyl groups present in the copolymer chain were activated with 1-ethyl- (3-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide, improving its reactivity to incorporate the piperazine through its amino group. The characterization consisted: differential scanning calorimetric and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry to determine the LCST phase transition temperature, ranging from (30-35)°C. Structurally it was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. A morphological analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy, after simulating an injectable process, with the objective to observe internally the porosity and interconnectivity. The biocompatibility was evaluated through hemocompatibility tests and it was observed that the copolymers obtained were not cytotoxic. In base of the results, the chemical structure of these new copolymers confers a functionality that allows them to serve as nuclei to graft other molecules, such as polysaccharides. Then, the results obtained on the LCST temperature, porosity, interconnected pore network morphology, the ability to be injectable and the biocompatible nature of these copolymers are indicative that these new synthetic biomaterials have the potential to be used in biomedical, pharmacological and for tissue engineering. Also, once their biocompatibility was demonstrate, they may serve to generate interesting compounds having chemical anchor points for the possible addition of polysaccharides using insertion reactions, thereby generating graft copolymers with potential use in biomedical applications.

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14

Yokota, Daichi, Arihiro Kanazawa, and Sadahito Aoshima. "Precise synthesis of UCST-type amphiphilic diblock copolymers with pendant imidazolium ionic liquid segments and their thermosensitive physical gelation at extremely low concentrations in water." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 41 (2018): 5080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01139g.

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UCST-type amphiphilic diblock copolymers were synthesized via living cationic polymerization and subsequent polymer reaction and they exhibited thermosensitive physical gelation behavior at an extremely low concentration in water.

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15

Yoshimitsu, H., E. Korchagina, A. Kanazawa, S. Kanaoka, F. M. Winnik, and S. Aoshima. "Shape-switching self-assembly of new diblock copolymers with UCST-type and LCST-type segments in water." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 11 (2016): 2062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01976a.

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Novel dual thermosensitive diblock copolymers with an imidazolium salt and oxyethylene side-chains which self-assemble into micelles and vesicles in water depending on the temperature are precisely synthesized.

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16

Azhkeyeva, A., R. Rakhmetullayeva, G. Yeligbayeva, Ye Shaikhutdynov, U. Nakan, M. Abutalip, and K. Park. "Synthesis of novel thermosensitive copolymers based on ethylacrylate." International Journal of Biology and Chemistry 11, no. 1 (2018): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/ijbch-2018-1-302.

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17

Wang, Yuan Xiao, Xiu Fen Wang, and Shi Wei Song. "Synthesis, Characterization and Controlled Drug Release of Thermosensitive Poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA) and IPN(NIPAAm/HEMA) Hydrogels." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.737.

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A series of thermo-sensitive copolymers and interpenetrating network hydrogels were prepared using PNIPAAm and HEMA.The effects of the PNIPAAm/HEMA ratio on the swelling ratio ,and deswelling and reswelling kinetics of gels at different temperatures and drug release characteristics in vitro were discussed. The results showed that the copolymer and IPN hydrogels exhibited thermo-sensitive swelling characteristics. Therefore, the hydrogels may be useful in the controlled drug delivery systems.

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18

Yañez-Macias, Roberto, Ihor Kulai, Jens Ulbrich, Turgay Yildirim, Pelin Sungur, Stephanie Hoeppener, Ramiro Guerrero-Santos, et al. "Thermosensitive spontaneous gradient copolymers with block- and gradient-like features." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 34 (2017): 5023–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00495h.

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19

Arıcan, Mehmet Onur, and Olcay Mert. "Synthesis and properties of novel diisopropyl-functionalized polyglycolide–PEG copolymers." RSC Advances 5, no. 87 (2015): 71519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10972h.

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Because of the importance of glycolide-based polymers in materials and medical applications, we have synthesized alternative novel thermosensitive biomaterials to be possible candidates instead of the well-known polymers.

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20

Huang, Kui, Jin San Chen, and Yang Liu. "Bioinspired Synthesis of Cross-Linking of Dopamine-Containing Block Copolymers to Form Thermosensitive Covalent Hydrogels." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.238.

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Marine mussels secrete remarkable mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) for adherence to the substrates upon which they reside. Inspired by the intermolecular cross-linking characteristics of MAPs, we report the synthesis of thermosensitive dopamine modified Pluronic copolymer (PluF127-Dopa) with high coupling efficiency. Under certain temperature and concentration, PluF127-Dopa copolymers in aqueous solution self-assemble into micelles and are able to rapidly form a more stable hydrogels upon addition of oxidizing reagents such as NaIO4, resulting from oxidative cross-linking of dopamine. UV-vis spectroscopy was utilized to identify the reaction intermediates. The sol-gel transition curves of cross-linked PluF127-Dopa hydrogels (CL-PluF127-Dopa) were determined by a vial inversion method. The critical gelation concentration of CL-PluF127-Dopa hydrogels was significantly lower than those for PluF127-Dopa and unmodified Pluronic F127. The apparent mechanical strength of CL-PluF127-Dopa hydrogels was dramatically enhanced compared to those unmodified Pluronic copolymer hydrogels, suitable for sustained drug delivery. These new biomimetic materials are expected to have potential uses in biomedical applications.

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21

Fu, Tsai-Sheng, Yu-Hong Wei, Po-Yuan Cheng, I.-Ming Chu, and Wei-Chuan Chen. "A Novel Biodegradable and Thermosensitive Poly(Ester-Amide) Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 19, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2710892.

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Thermosensitive hydrogels are attractive alternative scaffolding materials for minimally invasive surgery through a simple injection and in situ gelling. In this study, a novel poly(ester-amide) polymer, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(pyrrolidone-co-lactide) (mPDLA, P3L7) diblock copolymer, was synthesized and characterized for cartilage tissue engineering. A series of amphiphilic diblock copolymers was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of mPEG 550, D,L-lactide, and 2-pyrrolidone. By dynamic light scattering analysis and tube-flipped-upside-down method, viscoelastic properties of the mPDLA diblock copolymer solution exhibited sol-gel transition behavior as a function of temperature. An in vitro degradation assay showed that degradation acidity was effectively reduced by introducing the 2-pyrrolidone monomer into the polyester hydrogel. Besides, mPDLA exhibited great biocompatibility in vitro for cell encapsulation due to a high swelling ratio. Moreover, cell viability and biochemical analysis proved that the mPDLA hydrogel presented a great chondrogenic response. Taken together, these results demonstrate that mPDLA hydrogels are promising injectable scaffolds potentially applicable to cartilage tissue engineering.

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22

Bonacucina, Giulia, Marco Cespi, Giovanna Mencarelli, Gianfabio Giorgioni, and Giovanni Filippo Palmieri. "Thermosensitive Self-Assembling Block Copolymers as Drug Delivery Systems." Polymers 3, no. 2 (April 19, 2011): 779–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym3020779.

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23

Jeong, Byeongmoon, You Han Bae, and Sung Wan Kim. "Biodegradable thermosensitive micelles of PEG-PLGA-PEG triblock copolymers." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 16, no. 1-4 (November 1999): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7765(99)00069-7.

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24

Sugiyama, Kazuo, Satoshi Mitsuno, Yoshihiro Yasufuku, and Kohei Shiraishi. "Thermosensitive Copolymers ofN-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide and Alkyl Methacrylates." Chemistry Letters 26, no. 3 (March 1997): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1997.219.

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25

Li, D., Y. Cui, K. Wang, Q. He, X. Yan, and J. Li. "Thermosensitive Nanostructures Comprising Gold Nanoparticles Grafted with Block Copolymers." Advanced Functional Materials 17, no. 16 (September 20, 2007): 3134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200700427.

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26

U?uzdo?an, E., H. Kay?, E?B Denkba?, S. Pat?r, and A. Tuncel. "Stimuli-responsive properties of aminophenylboronic acid-carrying thermosensitive copolymers." Polymer International 52, no. 5 (2003): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1169.

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Wang, Changhua, and Weixiao Cao. "Thermosensitive Hydrogels from Copolymers ofN-Isopropylacrylamide and Anionic Monomers." Polymer International 41, no. 4 (December 1996): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199612)41:4<449::aid-pi639>3.0.co;2-m.

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28

Zhao, Aijun, Shaobing Zhou, Qi Zhou, and Tao Chen. "Thermosensitive Micelles from PEG-Based Ether-anhydride Triblock Copolymers." Pharmaceutical Research 27, no. 8 (April 29, 2010): 1627–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-010-0155-1.

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29

Quynh, Tran Minh, Masaru Yoneyama, Yasuyuki Maki, Naotsugu Nagasawa, and Toshiaki Dobashi. "Thermosensitive Micelles Composed of Poly(lactide)-g-Poly(NIPAM-co-HEMA) Graft Copolymers." Key Engineering Materials 459 (December 2010): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.459.51.

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Different poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymers (P(NIPAM-co-HEMA)) were synthesized from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) comonomers by both radical and radiation polymerizations for comparison. PLLA-g-P(NIPAM-co-HEMA) graft copolymers were synthesized from L-lactide and respective P(NIPAM-co-HEMA) copolymers by ring opening polymerization. Both NMR and FTIR analyses demonstrated the PLLA chains have been grafted on to the P(NIPAM-co-HEMA) backbone. These graft copolymers revealed the cloud point temperature higher than that of PNIPAM homopolymer as determined by optical transmittance. The graft copolymers self-assembled into micelles with regularly spherical structures as observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The properties of these graft copolymers are interesting for the drug delivery system.

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Zhang, Yan, Wuli Yang, Changchun Wang, Wei Wu, and Shoukuan Fu. "Thermosensitive Nanocontainers Prepared from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(hydroxylmethyl)acrylamide)-g-Poly(lactide)." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.437.

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Thermally-responsive graft copolymer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(hydroxylmethyl)acrylamide)-g-poly(lactide) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide (LA). The polymerization was initiated by the hydroxy group of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-N-(hydroxylmethyl)acrylamide), using stannous octoate as catalyst. The resulting polymer was temperature-sensitive and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was affected by their composition. The chemical structure and physical properties of the grafted copolymers were investigated by various methods. Nanocontainers formed from the self-assembly of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(hydroxylmethyl) acrylamide)-g-poly(lactide) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a spherical structure was observed. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results indicate that the particle size increased with the increase of polylactide content in the copolymer. The properties of this polymer are interesting for both industrial application and fundamental research. In particular it will combine a spatial specificity in a passive manner and a temperature-responsive active targeting mechanism for drug delivery system.

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Nonaka, Takamasa, Yukiko Hanada, Tsutomu Watanabe, Tomonari Ogata, and Seiji Kurihara. "Formation of thermosensitive water-soluble copolymers with phosphinic acid groups and the thermosensitivity of the copolymers and copolymer/metal complexes." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 92, no. 1 (2004): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13664.

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32

Simonova, Maria, Denis Kamorin, Oleg Kazantsev, Maria Nepomnyashaya, and Alexander Filippov. "Conformation, Self-Organization and Thermoresponsibility of Polymethacrylate Molecular Brushes with Oligo(ethylene glycol)-block-oligo(propylene glycol) Side Chains." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162715.

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Polymethacrylic molecular brushes with oligo(ethylene glycol)-block-oligo(propylene glycol) side chains were investigated by static and dynamic light scattering and viscometry. The solvents used were acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and water. The grafted copolymers were molecularly dispersed and dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile. In these solvents, the molar masses of copolymers were determined. In thermodynamically good solvents, namely tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile, investigated copolymers have a high intramolecular density and the shape of their molecules resembles a star-shaped macromolecule. In chloroform and water, the micelle-like aggregates were formed. Critical micelle concentrations decreased with the lengthening of the hydrophobic block. Molecular brushes demonstrated thermosensitive behavior in aqueous solutions. The phase separation temperatures reduced with an increase in the content of the oligo(propylene glycol) block.

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33

Gingter, Sabrina, Ella Bezdushna, and Helmut Ritter. "Chiral recognition of macromolecules with cyclodextrins: pH- and thermosensitive copolymers from N-isopropylacrylamide and N-acryloyl-D/L-phenylalanine and their inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (February 14, 2011): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.27.

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In the present work we report the enantioselective recognition of water soluble stimuli-responsive polymers bearing phenylalanine moieties via host-guest interaction with β-cyclodextrin and randomly-methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB-CD). We synthesised N-acryloyl-D/L-phenylalanine monomers (2 D , 2 L ) which were then copolymerised under free radical conditions with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). The resulting copolymers 3 D and 3 L exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 25 °C. As a further benefit, the presence of a free carboxylic group in the copolymer system gives a high sensitivity to the pH value in respect to the LCST value. The enantioselective recognition of the side groups of copolymers 3 D and 3 L and their solubility behaviour were investigated by dynamic light scattering and 2D NMR spectroscopy, respectively.

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Nichifor, Marieta, and X. X. Zhu. "Copolymers of N-alkylacrylamides and styrene as new thermosensitive materials." Polymer 44, no. 10 (May 2003): 3053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00184-8.

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35

Sahoo, Satyagopal, Sharmita Bera, Saikat Maiti, and Dibakar Dhara. "Temperature- and Composition-Dependent DNA Condensation by Thermosensitive Block Copolymers." ACS Omega 2, no. 11 (November 15, 2017): 7946–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01331.

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36

Min, Yi, Li Jun, Zhang Jianbo, Jiang Guilin, Qin Jianhua, and Ha Hongfei. "Radiation preparation and application of the linear thermosensitive binary copolymers." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 52, no. 1-6 (June 1998): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-806x(98)00152-2.

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37

Dimitrov, Ivaylo, Barbara Trzebicka, Axel H. E. Müller, Andrzej Dworak, and Christo B. Tsvetanov. "Thermosensitive water-soluble copolymers with doubly responsive reversibly interacting entities." Progress in Polymer Science 32, no. 11 (November 2007): 1275–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.07.001.

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38

Yin, Xiangchun, and Harald D. H. Stöver. "Thermosensitive and pH-Sensitive Polymers Based on Maleic Anhydride Copolymers." Macromolecules 35, no. 27 (December 2002): 10178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma021110o.

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Shen, Zheyu, Bingyang Shi, Hu Zhang, Jingxiu Bi, and Sheng Dai. "Exploring low-positively charged thermosensitive copolymers as gene delivery vectors." Soft Matter 8, no. 5 (2012): 1385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm06262j.

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40

Das, Sandip, Sanjoy Samanta, Dhruba P. Chatterjee, and Arun K. Nandi. "Thermosensitive water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol)-based polythiophene graft copolymers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 51, no. 6 (December 22, 2012): 1417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.26514.

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41

Ueki, Takeshi, Masayoshi Watanabe, and Timothy P. Lodge. "Doubly Thermosensitive Self-Assembly of Diblock Copolymers in Ionic Liquids." Macromolecules 42, no. 4 (February 24, 2009): 1315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma802443b.

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42

Oikonomou, Evdokia K., Georgios Bokias, Ilias Iliopoulos, and Joannis K. Kallitsis. "Sequential Association of Anionic/Thermosensitive Diblock Copolymers with Cationic Surfactants." Macromolecules 46, no. 3 (February 2013): 1082–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma302535k.

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43

Kim, Moon Suk, Hoon Hyun, Gilson Khang, and Hai Bang Lee. "Preparation of Thermosensitive Diblock Copolymers Consisting of MPEG and Polyesters." Macromolecules 39, no. 9 (May 2006): 3099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma052713d.

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44

Khodaverdi, Elham, Ali Golmohammadian, Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri, Gholamhossein Zohuri, Farnaz Sadat Mirzazadeh Tekie, and Farzin Hadizadeh. "Biodegradable In Situ Gel-Forming Controlled Drug Delivery System Based on Thermosensitive Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(ε-caprolactone) Hydrogel." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2012 (November 27, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/976879.

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Abstract:

Traditional drug delivery systems which are based on multiple dosing regimens usually pose many disadvantages such as poor compliance of patients and drug plasma level variation. To overcome the obstacles of traditional drug formulations, novel drug delivery system PCL-PEG-PCL hydrogels have been purposed in this study. Copolymers were synthesized by rapid microwave-assisted and conventional synthesis methods. Polymer characterizations were done using gel permeation chromatography and 1H-NMR. Phase transition behavior was evaluated by inverting tube method and in vitro drug release profile was determined using naltrexone hydrochloride and vitamin B12 as drug models. The results indicated that loaded drug structure and copolymer concentration play critical roles in release profile of drugs from these hydrogels. This study also confirmed that synthesis of copolymer using microwave is the most effective method for synthesis of this kind of copolymer.

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Khodaverdi, Elham, Fatemeh Kheirandish, Farnaz Sadat Mirzazadeh Tekie, Bibi Zahra Khashyarmanesh, Farzin Hadizadeh, and Hamideh Moallemzadeh Haghighi. "Preparation of a Sustained Release Drug Delivery System for Dexamethasone by a Thermosensitive, In Situ Forming Hydrogel for Use in Differentiation of Dental Pulp." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2013 (November 27, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/983053.

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Abstract:

In situ forming delivery systems composed of block copolymers are attracting substantial attention due to their ease of use, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this study, the thermoresponsive triblock copolymer PLGA-PEG-PLGA was studied as a dexamethasone delivery system. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, is used clinically to improve inflammation, pain, and the hyperemesis of chemotherapy, and it is applied experimentally as a differentiation factor in tissue engineering. PLGA-PEG-PLGA was synthesised under microwave irradiation for 5 min. The obtained copolymer was characterised to determine its structure and phase transition temperature. An in vitro release study was conducted for various copolymer structures and drug concentrations. The yield of the reaction and HNMR analysis confirmed the appropriateness of the microwave-assisted method for PLGA-PEG-PLGA synthesis. Phase transition temperature was affected by the drug molecule as well as by the copolymer concentration and structure. An in vitro release study demonstrated that release occurs mainly by diffusion and does not depend on the copolymer structure or dexamethasone concentration.

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Azemar, Fabrice, Donatien Gomes-Rodrigues, Jean-Jacques Robin, and Sophie Monge. "Synthesis and self-assembly of carbamoylmethylphosphonate acrylamide-based diblock copolymers: new valuable thermosensitive materials." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 5 (2016): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt03289j.

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Cao, Ya, and X. X. Zhu. "Preparation of ABC triblock copolymers of N-alkyl substituted acrylamides by RAFT polymerization." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-043.

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Abstract:

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N-alkyl substituted acrylamides has been carried out by the use of a trithiocarbonate (2-dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl-sulfanyl-2-methyl propionic acid) as the RAFT reagent. The N-alkyl groups of the acrylamide monomers are important in the RAFT process. N-alkyl monosubstituted polyacrylamides are found to be active macro-chain transfer agents, while N,N-disubstituted monomers can react easily with them to form a sequent block. We have designed a synthetic pathway to successfully prepare ABC triblock copolymers of N-alkyl substituted acrylamides with low polydispersities (PDI < 1.20) by a three-step RAFT polymerization process.Key words: block copolymers, RAFT polymerization, N-alkyl substituted acrylamides, thermosensitive polymers.

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Eeckman, Frederic, André J. Moës, and Karim Amighi. "Synthesis and characterization of thermosensitive copolymers for oral controlled drug delivery." European Polymer Journal 40, no. 4 (April 2004): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2003.11.010.

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Wei, Zhenke, Qingsong Yu, and Zhihua Gan. "Thermosensitive block copolymers PEG-b-PBEMAGG containing functional pendant amino groups." Macromolecular Research 20, no. 3 (March 2012): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-012-0060-z.

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Iwai, Kaoru, Naomi Matsumoto, Makiko Niki, and Masao Yamamoto. "Fluorescence Probe Studies of Thermosensitive N−Isopropylacrylamide Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 315, no. 1 (May 1998): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259808044310.

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