Journal articles: 'Thermosetting polymers'

1

Raman, Vijay I., and Giuseppe R. Palmese. "Nanoporous Thermosetting Polymers." Langmuir 21, no. 4 (2005): 1539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la048393t.

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Bucaille, J. L., E. Felder, and G. Hochstetter. "Experimental and Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study of Scratch Test of Polymers at Large Deformations." Journal of Tribology 126, no. 2 (2004): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1645535.

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An experimental and numerical study of the scratch test on polymers near their surface is presented. The elastoplastic response of three polymers is compared during scratch tests at large deformations: polycarbonate, a thermosetting polymer and a sol-gel hard coating composed of a hybrid matrix (thermosetting polymer-mineral) reinforced with oxide nanoparticles. The experiments were performed using a nanoindenter with a conical diamond tip having an included angle of 30 deg and a spherical radius of 600 nm. The observations obtained revealed that thermosetting polymers have a larger elastic recovery and a higher hardness than polycarbonate. The origin of this difference in scratch resistance was investigated with numerical modelling of the scratch test in three dimensions. Starting from results obtained by Bucaille (J. Mat. Sci., 37, pp. 3999–4011, 2002) using an inverse analysis of the indentation test, the mechanical behavior of polymers is modeled with Young’s modulus for the elastic part and with the G’sell-Jonas’ law with an exponential strain hardening for the viscoplastic part. The strain hardening coefficient is the main characteristic parameter differentiating the three studied polymers. Its value is equal to 0.5, 4.5, and 35, for polycarbonate, the thermosetting polymer and the reinforced thermosetting polymer, respectively. Firstly, simulations reveals that plastic strains are higher in scratch tests than in indentation tests, and that the magnitude of the plastic strains decreases as the strain hardening increases. For scratching on polycarbonate and for a penetration depth of 0.5 μm of the indenter mentioned above, the representative strain is equal to 124%. Secondly, in agreement with experimental results, numerical modeling shows that an increase in the strain hardening coefficient reduces the penetration depth of the indenter into the material and decreases the depth of the residual groove, which means an improvement in the scratch resistance.

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Lionetto, Francesca, Francesco Montagna, and Alfonso Maffezzoli. "Ultrasonic Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Polymers." Applied Rheology 15, no. 5 (2005): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2005-0016.

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Abstract The propagation of ultrasonic waves in polymers depends on their viscoelastic behaviour and density, resulting significantly affected by phase transitions occurring with changing temperature and pressure or during chemical reactions. Therefore, the application of low intensity ultrasound, acting as a high frequency dynamic mechanical deformation applied to a polymer, can monitor the changes of viscoelastic properties associated with the glass transition, the crystallization, the physical or chemical gelation, the crosslinking. Thanks to the non-destructive character (due to the very small deformation amplitude), low intensity ultrasound can be successfully used for polymer characterization. Moreover, this technique has a big potential as a sensor for on-line and in-situ monitoring of production processes for polymers or polymer matrix composites. Recently, in the laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Lecce University a custom made ultrasonic set-up for the characterization of polymeric material, even at high temperatures, has been developed. The ultrasonic equipment is coupled with a rotational rheometer. Ultrasonic waves and shear oscillations at low frequency can be applied simultaneously on the sample, getting information on its viscoelastic behaviour over a wide frequency range. The aim of this paper is to present the potential and reliability of the ultrasonic equipment for the ultrasonic dynamic mechanical analysis (UDMA) of both thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers. Three applications of UDMA to different polymeric systems will be reviewed, concerning the cross-linking of a thermosetting resin, the crystallisation from melt of a semicrystalline polymer and the water sorption in a dry hydrogel film. From the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements, the viscoelastic properties of the tested polymers are evaluated in terms of complex longitudinal modulus and compared with the results of conventional dynamic mechanical analysis, carried out at low frequency.

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Sharifi, M., C. W. Jang, C. F. Abrams, and G. R. Palmese. "Toughened epoxy polymers via rearrangement of network topology." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 38 (2014): 16071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03051f.

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A new toughening mechanism for thermosetting polymers is shown. The technique involves manipulation of polymer network topology allowing the glassy material to deform under loading without rupturing covalent bonds.

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Galià, Marina, Lucas Montero de Espinosa, Joan Carles Ronda, Gerard Lligadas, and Virginia Cádiz. "Vegetable oil-based thermosetting polymers." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 112, no. 1 (2010): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200900096.

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6

Hawtin, P. N., M. L. Abel, J. F. Watts, and J. Powell. "G-SIMS of thermosetting polymers." Applied Surface Science 252, no. 19 (2006): 6676–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.02.123.

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7

Vashchuk, А., A. Fainleib, O. Starostenko, and D. Grande. "Ionic liquids and thermosetting polymers: a critical survey." Polymer journal 40, no. 1 (2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.40.01.003.

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Zattini, Giorgio, Laura Mazzocchetti, Tiziana Benelli, Emanuele Maccaferri, Gianluca Brancolini, and Loris Giorgini. "Mechanical Properties and Fracture Surface Analysis of Vinyl Ester Resins Reinforced with Recycled Carbon Fibres." Key Engineering Materials 827 (December 2019): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.827.110.

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This work is focused on the mechanical characterization and fracture surfaces analysis of thermosetting polymers reinforced with short, randomly oriented, recycled carbon fibres (rCFs). This work aims at evaluating fibre/matrix adhesion between recycled CFs - reclaimed via pyrolysis followed by controlled oxidation of the pyrolytic char - and different polymer matrices, namely epoxy and vinyl ester resins. The latter is the main focus in this work, being amongst the most widely used thermosetting resins in SMC processes, which are the typical target for short rCFs. The evaluation of the properties of this new recycled carbon fibre reinforced polymer (rCFRP) has been via thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, stress/strain tests in tensile mode, and a subsequent analysis of the fracture surfaces by means of images analysis obtained by macrophotography, Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The comparison amongst the results allowed to evaluate the influence of the polymer nature and of the adhesion quality between fibres and polymeric matrix, mainly on the mechanical properties of the rCFRPs.

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9

Hou, Meng. "Thermoplastic Adhesive for Thermosetting Composites." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2968.

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Technique of including a thermoplastic film as the outermost layer of thermoset composites have been developed as an attempt to join the thermoset composites using fusion bonding methods. Special thermoplastic in the form of film was incorporated onto the surface of thermoset composites during co-curing process. Semi-Interpenetration Polymer Network [s-IPN] was formed between thermoplastic and thermoset polymers. The thermoset composites can be fusion bonded using co-consolidation and localized heating through their incorporated thermoplastic surfaces. The mechanical properties of thermoset composites bonded with thermoplastic adhesive were equivalent or superior to the benchmark composites bonded with Cytec FM300K adhesive in terms of lap shear strength, high temperature, low temperature and anti-chemical resistance.

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10

Carfagna, C., E. Amendola, and M. Giamberini. "Liquid crystalline epoxy based thermosetting polymers." Progress in Polymer Science 22, no. 8 (1997): 1607–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6700(97)00010-5.

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11

Warfield, R. W., M. C. Petree, and P. Donovan. "The specific heat of thermosetting polymers." Journal of Applied Chemistry 10, no. 10 (2007): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010101010.

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12

Phani, K. K., and R. N. Mukerjee. "Elastic properties of porous thermosetting polymers." Journal of Materials Science 22, no. 10 (1987): 3453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01161441.

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13

Kopylova, T. N., E. N. Telminov, D. S. Tabakaev, et al. "Phenalemine 512 Lasing in Thermosetting Polymers." Russian Physics Journal 59, no. 10 (2017): 1599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11182-017-0950-9.

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14

Kumar, K. Vijaya, Mir Safiulla, and A. N. Khaleel Ahmed. "AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF FIBER REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE THERMOPLASTICS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 43, no. 2 (2014): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v43i2.17832.

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Fiber reinforced thermosetting composites have wide scope in the field of Aerospace and MilitaryApplications. These materials exhibit high strength and high stiffness, besides these composites have long fatiguelife, corrosion resistance, environmental stability, thermal insulation and conductivity. Researchers areexploring possibilities to use natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) in response to the increasingdemand for environmentally friendly materials and also to develop reusable fiber reinforced thermoplastics withthe desire to reduce the cost and to promote the replacement of thermosetting composites.In this work efforts are put to fabricate fiber thermoplastics made of jute, glass and carbon with (PP)polypropylene as the matrix. The mechanical strength of these fiber reinforced thermoplastics was evaluated andcompared with that of fiber reinforced thermosetting polymers made of same fibers along with epoxy matrix. Thetests clearly indicate that the laminates made of fiber reinforced polypropylene have 7 to 8 times less strengthcompared to thermosetting polymers made of fiber epoxy and it is found that for achieving better strength of thematerial, the polypropylene layers should be more than that of the epoxy matrix or to use alternative thermoplasticmaterials like polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Hence thesematerials are feasible for fabricating low load bearing aircraft interior cabin parts and automobile interiorswhich can be reused or reshaped making them easy to re-work and repair.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v43i2.17832

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15

Chukov, Dilyus I., Sarvarkhodza G. Nematulloev, Viсtor V. Tсherdyntsev, et al. "Structure and Properties of Polysulfone Filled with Modified Twill Weave Carbon Fabrics." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010050.

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Carbon fabrics are widely used in polymer based composites. Nowadays, most of the advanced high-performance composites are based on thermosetting polymer matrices such as epoxy resin. Thermoplastics have received high attention as polymer matrices due to their low curing duration, high chemical resistance, high recyclability, and mass production capability in comparison with thermosetting polymers. In this paper, we suggest thermoplastic based composite materials reinforced with carbon fibers. Composites based on polysulfone reinforced with carbon fabrics using polymer solvent impregnation were studied. It is well known that despite the excellent mechanical properties, carbon fibers possess poor wettability and adhesion to polymers because of the fiber surface chemical inertness and smoothness. Therefore, to improve the fiber–matrix interfacial interaction, the surface modification of the carbon fibers by thermal oxidation was used. It was shown that the surface modification resulted in a noticeable change in the functional composition of the carbon fibers’ surface and increased the mechanical properties of the polysulfone based composites. Significant increase in composites mechanical properties and thermal stability as a result of carbon fiber surface modification was observed.

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16

Belomoina, N. M., A. L. Rusanov, and A. A. Askadskii. "New Thermosetting Polyphenylquinoxalines." International Polymer Science and Technology 34, no. 10 (2007): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0703401008.

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17

Parker, D. G., and G. W. Wheatley. "Thermosetting polyethersulphone oligomers." Polymer International 33, no. 3 (1994): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210330312.

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18

Chao, Fen, Guozheng Liang, Weifeng Kong, Zengping Zhang, and Jinhe Wang. "Dielectric properties of polymer/ceramic composites based on thermosetting polymers." Polymer Bulletin 60, no. 1 (2007): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-007-0840-3.

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19

Negmatov, S. S., N. S. Abed, K. S. Negmatova, et al. "Research of physically modified antifriction-wear-resistant composite polymer materials and coatings on their basis for machine-building purpose." Plasticheskie massy, no. 1-2 (March 19, 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2021-1-2-28-32.

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The article presents the results of studies of the tribotechnical properties of composite thermosetting polymeric materials based on an epoxy compound and ultrasonicated oligomeric fillers operating under conditions of contact interaction with a pulp using the example of raw cotton. Regularities of changes in tribotechnical properties (coefficient of friction, intensity of wear) of composite thermosetting epoxy polymeric materials associated with their filling with organomineral fillers and ultrasonic treatment, in contact with raw cotton have been revealed. The temperature and the magnitude of the electrostatic charge arising in the friction zone of rubbing polymer- cotton and composite-cotton pairs on the type and content of organic-mineral fillers were studied.

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20

Ramadan, Noha, Mohamed Taha, Angela Daniela La Rosa, and Ahmed Elsabbagh. "Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051181.

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Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.

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21

Chong, Arthur C. M., and David C. C. Lam. "Strain gradient plasticity effect in indentation hardness of polymers." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 10 (1999): 4103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0554.

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Plasticity in material is typically described as a function of strain, but recent observations from torsion and indentation experiments in metals suggested that plasticity is also dependent on strain gradient. The effects of strain gradient on plastic deformation in thermosetting epoxy and polycarbonate thermoplastic were experimentally investigated by nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy in this study. Both thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers exhibited hardening as a result of imposed strain gradients. Strain gradient plasticity theory developed on the basis of a molecular kinking mechanism has predicted strain gradient hardening in polymers. Comparisons made between indentation data and theoretical predictions correlated well. This suggests that strain gradient plasticity in glassy polymers is determined by molecular kinking mechanisms.

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22

Xia, Ying, Rafael L. Quirino, and Richard C. Larock. "Bio-based Thermosetting Polymers from Vegetable Oils." Journal of Renewable Materials 1, no. 1 (2013): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7569/jrm.2012.634103.

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23

Cabanelas, J. "Water absorption in polyaminosiloxane-epoxy thermosetting polymers." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 143-144 (December 20, 2003): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00480-1.

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24

Schulz, H., D. Lyebyedyev, H. C. Scheer, et al. "Master replication into thermosetting polymers for nanoimprinting." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 18, no. 6 (2000): 3582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1319821.

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Chu, Baojin, and D. R. Salem. "Flexoelectricity in several thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 10 (2012): 103905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750064.

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26

Liu, Kunwei, and Christopher W. Macosko. "Can nanoparticle toughen fiber-reinforced thermosetting polymers?" Journal of Materials Science 54, no. 6 (2018): 4471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-03195-9.

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27

Cheng, Shengli, Lishuai Zong, Kuanyu Yuan, Jianhua Han, Xigao Jian, and Jinyan Wang. "Synthesis and thermal properties of an acetylenic monomer containing boron and silicon." RSC Advances 6, no. 91 (2016): 88403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19410a.

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Mehanna, Yasmin A., Rebekah L. Upton, and Colin R. Crick. "Highly rough surface coatings via the ambient temperature deposition of thermosetting polymers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 13 (2019): 7333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01379b.

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29

Bogoeva-Gaceva, Gordana, Dimko Dimeski, and Vineta Srebrenkoska. "Friction mechanism of polymers and their composites." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 37, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2018.1407.

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This paper provides a brief review of the tribological properties of polymers and polymer matrix composites (PMCs) and the relevant mechanisms of friction and wear. The influence of both molecular and mechanical components on friction involving polymers as well as the influence of fillers, reinforcements and dry lubricants on the overall tribological characteristics of PMCs is evaluated. Tribological parameters include surface roughness, the mechanism of adhesion, friction and wear, and chemical interactions with dry lubricants (if present). The article reviews the main factors that influence the wear and frictional characteristics of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, short fiber reinforced composites and high-performance unidirectional composites. Examples of quantitative data of different pairs of polymers and PMCs with the counterface are presented.

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Liu, Ming, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Thirumalai, Yiqiang Wu, and Hui Wan. "Characterization of the crystalline regions of cured urea formaldehyde resin." RSC Adv. 7, no. 78 (2017): 49536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra08082d.

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31

Chen, Xinggang, Yafeng Wang, Zhen Chen, Lifang Zhang, Xiaoming Sang, and Yanqing Cai. "In situ preparation and properties of phthalonitrile resin/hexagonal boron nitride composites." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 9 (2020): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008320922593.

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Phthalonitrile resin/exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN) composites with high thermal conductivity were fabricated using a novel approach. The route included two steps, micro- h-BN was coated and dispersed by phthalonitrile monomers via the function of heterogeneous nucleation, and then micro- h-BN was exfoliated by heat release during the phthalonitrile curing process. The composites achieved a high thermal conductivity of 0.736W (m·K)−1 containing 20 wt% micro- h-BN, which is 3.17 times higher than that of pure phthalonitrile resin at 0.232W (m·K)−1. Compared to traditional routes, the novel preparation approach requires less BN fillers when improving the same thermal conductivity. Importantly, other thermosetting polymers can also encapsulate BN through this strategy, which paves a new way for preparing thermally conductive thermosetting polymer–matrix composites.

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32

Кулікова, І. О., Г. В. Міщенко, О. В. Міщенко, О. О. Венгер та Т. А. Попович. "НАДАННЯ ПІДВИЩЕНОЇ ЗНОСОСТІЙКОСТІ ТКАНИНАМ ДЛЯ ЗАХИСНОГО ОДЯГУ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 128, № 6 (2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2018.6.5.

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The purpose of the work is to increase the wear resistance of textile materials by forming composite polymer films on their surfaces. Methodology. The problem was solved by the use of a mixture of polymers and due to their ability to formulate composite polymer systems that combine the properties of individual polymers and exhibit new ones. One of them was used in the form of aqueous dispersion of the finished polymer of urethane type, and the second one was synthesized from pre-condensates of thermosetting resins (PTSR) in the process of finishing, namely, at the stage of heat treatment of the fabric after impregnation and drying, by providing conditions for the course of the condensation reaction.

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33

Alshammari, Basheer A., Mohammed S. Alsuhybani, Alaa M. Almushaikeh, et al. "Comprehensive Review of the Properties and Modifications of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites." Polymers 13, no. 15 (2021): 2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152474.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers are considered a promising composite for many industrial applications including in the automation, renewable energy, and aerospace industries. They exhibit exceptional properties such as a high strength-to-weight ratio and high wear resistance and stiffness, which give them an advantage over other conventional materials such as metals. Various polymers can be used as matrices such as thermosetting, thermoplastic, and elastomers polymers. This comprehensive review focuses on carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers due to the advantages of thermoplastic compared to thermosetting and elastomer polymers. These advantages include recyclability, ease of processability, flexibility, and shorter production time. The related properties such as strength, modulus, thermal conductivity, and stability, as well as electrical conductivity, are discussed in depth. Additionally, the modification techniques of the surface of carbon fiber, including the chemical and physical methods, are thoroughly explored. Overall, this review represents and summarizes the future prospective and research developments carried out on carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymers.

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34

Vipulanandan, C. "Characterization of thermosetting polymer mortars." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41, no. 34 (1990): 751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410322.

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35

Li, Chunyu, and Alejandro Strachan. "Molecular simulations of crosslinking process of thermosetting polymers." Polymer 51, no. 25 (2010): 6058–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.033.

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Li, F., R. C. Larock, and J. U. Otaigbe. "Fish oil thermosetting polymers: creep and recovery behavior." Polymer 41, no. 13 (2000): 4849–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00702-8.

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Reboredo, M. M., and A. Vazquez. "Curing of thermosetting polymers by an external fluid." Polymer Engineering and Science 35, no. 19 (1995): 1521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351905.

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Martínez, A. B., P. Artús, J. C. Dürsteter, and D. Arencón. "Fracture behaviour of thermosetting polymers for ophthalmic lenses." Engineering Failure Analysis 17, no. 1 (2010): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2008.11.002.

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Stenzenberger, H. D. "Recent developments of thermosetting polymers for advanced composites." Composite Structures 24, no. 3 (1993): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(93)90216-d.

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40

Serkova, E. A., V. V. Khmelnitskiy, and O. B. Zastrogina. "POLYMER MATERIALS FOR ANTIFRICTION COATINGS (review)." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 5 (2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2021-0-5-56-63.

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An overview of polymeric materials of various structures used as antifriction materials is given. The experience of using various polymeric materials for the manufacture of antifriction coatings is considered. The advantages of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers in comparison with metallic materials are revealed. Some compositions of carbon and organoplastics developed for plain bearings are described. A conclusion is made about the direction of research in the development of new binders for antifriction materials.

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41

Hou, S., D. M. Hoyle, C. J. Blackwell, et al. "Hydrolytic degradation of ROMP thermosetting materials catalysed by bio-derived acids and enzymes: from networks to linear materials." Green Chemistry 18, no. 19 (2016): 5190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00378h.

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ROMP thermosetting polymers are degraded by bio-derived acetic and citric acids as well as cutinase from Thermobifida cellulosilytica enzyme becoming soluble in DCM. The degradation process breaks the acetal ester linkages allowing transition to linear thermoplastic polymers.

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42

Xing, Rubo, Zhe Wang, and Yanchun Han. "Embossing of polymers using a thermosetting polymer mold made by soft lithography." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 21, no. 4 (2003): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1585066.

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43

Zaitsev, Boris A., Irina D. Shvabskaya, and Larisa G. Kleptsova. "Novel polycondensation method of improving high-temperature properties of microheterogeneous rolivsan copolymers modified by inserting epoxy and imide bridges between spherical microdomains." High Performance Polymers 29, no. 6 (2017): 636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317696564.

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Rolivsan thermosetting resins (ROLs) (low-viscosity solvent-free compositions including (di)vinylaromatic ethers and thermosensitive (di)methacrylates) were modified by low amounts of polyfunctional compounds (epoxy resins (ERs) and aromatic diamines (DAs)). Thermochemical transformations in modified ROLs give novel glassy densely cross-linked copolymers with increased high-temperature strength and thermo-oxidative stability. It was revealed that copolymers obtained at different ROLs/ERs and ROLs/DA mixing ratios (which were varied over a wide range) and different heat treatment regimes have various compositions, cross-link densities, chemical, topological, and morphological structures. Structural features of these copolymers were studied by Infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical, thermal, and elemental analyses; the temperature dependences of flexural strength were also obtained. Morphological pattern of the cured ROLs is typical of microheterogeneous polymers where spherical highly cross-linked microdomains (polymer grains) with high Tg are weakly bound by less densely cross-linked defective (intergrain) polymer layers with lower Tg. On the basis of the data obtained in the studies of thermochemical transformations in ROLs/ERs and ROLs/DA blends, the new approach to improving thermal stability and heat resistance of thermosetting resins was developed. We suggest using intergrain layers in microheterogeneous cross-linked polymers as “microreactors” which include target polyfunctional compounds for various high-temperature polymerization and polycondensation reactions.

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44

Jayabalan, M., and T. Balakrishnan. "Compatibilization of thermosetting-thermoplastic polymer blends." Polymer Engineering and Science 25, no. 9 (1985): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760250908.

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Harvey, Benjamin G., Andrew J. Guenthner, Thomas A. Koontz, Perrin J. Storch, Josiah T. Reams, and Thomas J. Groshens. "Sustainable hydrophobic thermosetting resins and polycarbonates from turpentine." Green Chemistry 18, no. 8 (2016): 2416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc02893k.

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Okamoto, Yoshihisa, Philip Klemarczyk, and Susan Levandoski. "Novel vinyl ether thermosetting resins." Polymer 34, no. 4 (1993): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90349-f.

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Guild, F. J., A. J. Kinloch, K. Masania, S. Sprenger, and A. C. Taylor. "The fracture of thermosetting epoxy polymers containing silica nanoparticles." Strength, Fracture and Complexity 11, no. 2-3 (2018): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sfc-180219.

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Chen, Zhiqiang, Meng Yang, Mengke Ji, Xiao Kuang, H. Jerry Qi, and Tiejun Wang. "Recyclable thermosetting polymers for digital light processing 3D printing." Materials & Design 197 (January 2021): 109189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109189.

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Feldman, Dorel. "Some considerations on thermosetting polymers as matrices for composites." Progress in Polymer Science 15, no. 4 (1990): 603–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6700(90)90007-n.

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Kuang, Xiao, Emily Guo, Kaijuan Chen, and H. Jerry Qi. "Extraction of Biolubricant via Chemical Recycling of Thermosetting Polymers." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, no. 7 (2019): 6880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b06409.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermosetting polymers'

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