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Journal articles on the topic 'Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

RUDNICKA, IWONA, and ZYGFRYD WITKIEWICZ. "Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Polimery 31, no. 08 (August 1986): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1986.291.

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2

Ujiie, Seiji, and Kazuyoshi Iimura. "Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Ionic Polymers." Chemistry Letters 20, no. 3 (March 1991): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1991.411.

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3

Sawyer, Linda C. "Structure-property relations of liquid crystalline polymers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100127013.

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Recent liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) research has sought to define structure-property relationships of these complex new materials. The two major types of LCPs, thermotropic and lyotropic LCPs, both exhibit effects of process history on the microstructure frozen into the solid state. The high mechanical anisotropy of the molecules favors formation of complex structures. Microscopy has been used to develop an understanding of these microstructures and to describe them in a fundamental structural model. Preparation methods used include microtomy, etching, fracture and sonication for study by optical and electron microscopy techniques, which have been described for polymers. The model accounts for the macrostructures and microstructures observed in highly oriented fibers and films.Rod-like liquid crystalline polymers produce oriented materials because they have extended chain structures in the solid state. These polymers have found application as high modulus fibers and films with unique properties due to the formation of ordered solutions (lyotropic) or melts (thermotropic) which transform easily into highly oriented, extended chain structures in the solid state.
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4

Terrien, I., M. F. Achard, G. Félix, and F. Hardouin. "Thermotropic laterally attached liquid crystalline polymers." Journal of Chromatography A 810, no. 1-2 (June 1998): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00198-8.

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5

Calundann, G. W., L. F. Charbonneau, and J. P. Shepherd. "Development of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 51, no. 1 (October 1991): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19910510112.

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6

Lenz, R. W. "Characterization of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Pure and Applied Chemistry 57, no. 7 (January 1, 1985): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198557070977.

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7

Reyes-Mayer, A., B. Alvarado-Tenorio, A. Romo-Uribe, O. Flores, B. Campillo, and M. Jaffe. "Fracture behavior of heat treated liquid crystalline polymers." MRS Proceedings 1485 (2012): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.282.

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ABSTRACTThermotropic polymers are thermally treated in air at temperatures Ta, where ΔT =Ta- Ts→n=40°C, and Ts→n is the solid-to-nematic transition. Samples are extruded thin films of a series of thermotropic random copolyesters termed B-N, COTBP and RD1000. The thermal treatment produces a second endotherm without changing Ts→n for B-N and RD1000. However, for COTBP Ts→n is significantly increased. Regardless of the complex thermal behavior exhibited by the thermotropes, the thermal treatment produces a significant increase in Young's modulus, more than 30% for B-N and over 100% for COTBP. The increase in mechanical modulus is correlated with a thermally-induced fiber-like morphology.
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8

Windle, Alan. "Liquid Crystalline Polymers." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 8 (December 1987): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400066690.

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Not much more than a decade ago, the plastics industry viewed itself as a mature branch of the heavy chemical industry. Its raison d'être was the mass production of four or five main-line polymers, and profits were equated to tonnage output, plant efficiency, and clever downstream processing such as film blowing. The chemistry was essentially simple and the monomer, of course, cheap. There was, however, a spark of new thinking. A trend was developing toward the design and manufacture of more complex, more expensive polymers, with special properties which could command a special price. Such products would sell advanced scientific know-how, not just engineering expertise which could all too easily be exported to the major oil producers in the form of a polymer plant.Designing particular molecules to achieve desired properties is now a major theme of polymer producers. There is a move toward increasing the aromatic content of polymer backbones to achieve greater levels of chemical and thermal stability, while the development of new cross-linking systems remains as chemically intensive as ever. It is, however, the introduction of liquid crystalline polymers which, above all, has exploited the principles of molecular design, while at the same time challenging our understanding in a new area of polymer science.A polymer is “liquid crystalline” where the chains are sufficiently rigid to remain mutually aligned in the liquid phase although the perfect positional periodicity of a crystal is no longer present. In other words there is a long-range orientational order without long-range positional order (Figure 1). Structurally, therefore, the phase is intermediate between a crystal and a liquid leading to the use of the term mesophase. Where the liquid crystalline phase forms on melting the polymer, it is known as thermotropic, but where it is achieved by solvent addition it is called Inotropic. Increasing temperature, or solvent concentration, will eventually lead to the reversion of the liquid crystal phase to the normal isotropic polymer melt.
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9

Sawyer, Linda C. "Structure hierarchy in liquid crystalline polymers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1030–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129784.

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Structure models have been developed for the liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), showing the existence of fibrillar hierarchies for both the lyotropic aramids and the thermotropic aromatic copolyesters. Hierarchies of structure have also been observed for biological materials. The nature of the smallest nanostructure that aggregates, typically microfibrils, and their interaction, are important in understanding the behavior of the material. This paper discusses the first application of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to image the microfibrils in LCPs, in the 1-10 nm size range, resulting in a new LCP structural model.The structure model proposed earlier, was based on the study of Vectra® thermotropic LCP moldings and extrudates, and Vectran® and Kevlar® fibers. The model resulted from characterization by light microscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Recent studies of similar fibers by STM and low voltage FESEM has provided additional insights. Details of single microfibrils and their aggregation into fibrils and macrofibrils was shown.
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10

Ibidapo, T. Adesanya. "Thermotropic liquid crystalline halatopolymers." Polymer Engineering and Science 30, no. 18 (September 1990): 1146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301806.

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11

Blizard, K. G., and D. G. Baird. "Blow Molding of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers." International Polymer Processing 4, no. 3 (September 1989): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.890172.

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12

Blizard, K. G., T. S. Wilson, and D. G. Baird. "Film Blowing of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers." International Polymer Processing 5, no. 1 (March 1990): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.900053.

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13

Mallon, Joseph J., and Simon W. Kantor. "Thermotropic Hydrocarbon Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Incorporating Nonlinear Optics 157, no. 1 (April 1988): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268948808080224.

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14

Masuda, Toshiro, and Kenichi Fujiwara. "Rheological properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Kobunshi 36, no. 2 (1987): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.36.106.

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15

Bhowmik, Pradip K., Sohail Akhter, and Haesook Han. "Thermotropic liquid crystalline main-chain viologen polymers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33, no. 11 (August 1995): 1927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331123.

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16

Carfagna, C., E. Amendola, G. Mensitieri, and L. Nicolais. "Gas sorption in thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers." Journal of Materials Science Letters 9, no. 11 (November 1990): 1280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00726519.

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17

Senthil, Sengodan, and Palaninathan Kannan. "Novel thermotropic liquid crystalline polyphosphonates." Polymer 45, no. 11 (May 2004): 3609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.03.060.

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18

Zhang, Chen Xi, Shao Rong Lu, and Jian Feng Ban. "Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Liquid Crystalline Polymer." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.98.

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Hyperbranched liquid crystalline polymer (HLCP) were prepared by pentaerythritol with 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride(BTCA) and p-hydroxy benzoic acid. The thermotropic properties, the melting point (Tm) and the isotropization temperature (Ti) of the synthesized HLCP were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). It showed that the new reactive thermotropic liquid polymer containing polyester mesogenic units exhibited thermotropic liquid crystalline properties between 140°C and 230°C.
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19

Zhou, Hong, M. Gregory Forest, and Qi Wang. "Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer Fibers." SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 60, no. 4 (January 2000): 1177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0036139998336778.

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20

Singler, Robert E., Reginald A. Willingham, Claudine Noel, Claude Friedrich, Louis Bosio, and Edward Atkins. "Thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(organophosphazene)." Macromolecules 24, no. 2 (March 1991): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00002a026.

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21

Chang, Teh-Chou, and Chien-Hui Li. "Studies on thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer. XI. Effect of amide group on thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer properties." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31, no. 6 (May 1993): 1423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310609.

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22

SUEOKA, KENJI. "NMR SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS." Analytical Sciences 7, Supple (1991): 1621–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.7.supple_1621.

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23

Cherdron, H. "Tailoring of thermotropic liquid-crystalline main-chain polymers." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 33, no. 1 (March 1990): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19900330108.

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24

Chung, Tai-Shung. "The recent developments of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Polymer Engineering and Science 26, no. 13 (July 1986): 901–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760261302.

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25

Tsai, M. L., S. H. Chen, and S. D. Jacobs. "Optical notch filter using thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Applied Physics Letters 54, no. 24 (June 12, 1989): 2395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101533.

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26

MUKAI, Seiiehi. "The Mechanical Anisotropy of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers." Kobunshi 46, no. 8 (1997): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.46.571.

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27

Borukaev, T. A., A. V. Orlov, R. Z. Oshroeva, R. A. Shetov, and N. I. Samoilik. "Investigating the Phase States and Transitions in Polyazomethine Ethers Based on Aromatic Dialdehydes and 4,4′-diamino Triphenylmethane." International Polymer Science and Technology 44, no. 9 (September 2017): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704400902.

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It has been shown that, with triphenylmethane fragments and different articulated groups in the main chain, polyazomethine ethers are partially crystalline polymers. Investigation of the physical states and transitions in polyazomethine ethers showed that the polymers possess thermotropic, liquid crystalline properties.
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28

Oh, Kyunghwan, Hoyeon Kim, and Yongsok Seo. "Synthesis of novel thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers by a reactive extrusion process." RSC Advances 9, no. 22 (2019): 12189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra10410g.

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29

Freidzon, Ya S., A. V. Kharitonov, V. P. Shibaev, and N. A. Platé. "Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers—19. Peculiarities of the liquid crystalline structure of cholesterol-containing polymers." European Polymer Journal 21, no. 3 (January 1985): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(85)90221-6.

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30

Ban, Jian Feng, Shao Rong Lu, and Chen Xi Zhang. "Synthesis and Characterization of Biphenylnate Liquid Crystalline Polyurethanes." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.158.

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A series of novel biphenylnate liquid crystalline polyurethanes (BLCPs) were synthesized by polyaddition reaction of 4,4’-dihydroxybiphenyl with 2,4-TDI(2,4-toluenediisocyanate) and diethylene glycol through changing the molar ratio of diphenol and diol. The thermotropic properties, the melting point (Tm) and the isotropization temperature (Ti) of the synthesized polyurethanes were characterized by FT-IR, DSC, POM and WXRD. The results of experiments showed that all of the polyurethane polymers exhibited thermotropic liquid crystalline properties between 130°C and 230°C. The transition temperature (Tm and Ti) decreased with an increase in the length of the flexible chain.
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31

White, J. L., L. Dong, P. Han, and H. M. Laun. "Rheological properties and associated structural characteristics of some aromatic polycondensates including liquid-crystalline polyesters and cellulose derivatives (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 76, no. 11 (January 1, 2004): 2027–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200476112027.

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A comparative experimental study of shear-flow rheological properties of thermotropic polymer liquid crystals by eight different laboratories is described. The materials involved four different liquid-crystalline polyesters (LCPs), a glass- fiber-filled liquid-crystalline polyester,hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), and two non-liquid-crystalline high-temperature polymers, a poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK), and a polyarylate (PAR). Studies were made in both steady shear-flow and dynamic oscillatory experiments. The data from the various laboratories involved were compared. The level of agreement in the data was much less for most liquid-crystalline polymers than for similar isotropic melts. The Cox –Merz rule is valid for PEEK and PAR, but not for the LCPs and HPC. The occurrence of low levels of extrudate swell and high levels of uniaxial orientation in extrudates of the LCPs and HPC is described.
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32

Mallon, Joseph J., and Simon W. Kantor. "Thermotropic hydrocarbon side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers. 3. Characterization of liquid-crystalline phases." Macromolecules 23, no. 5 (September 1990): 1249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00207a005.

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33

Sacripante, Guerino, Cristopher K. Ober, Terry Bluhm, Mario Panettoni, and Lupu Alexandru. "Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers with low thermal transitions. II. Low melting thermotropic liquid crystalline homo- and co-polyesters." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33, no. 11 (August 1995): 1913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331120.

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34

Mahabadi, Hadi-Kh, and Lupu Alexandru. "Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers with low thermal transitions. I. Low melting thermotropic liquid crystalline homo- and co-polycarbonates." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28, no. 2 (January 30, 1990): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280201.

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35

Chiellini, Emo, Giancarlo Galli, Amino S. Angeloni, Michele Laus, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Yusuf Yagci, and Ersin I. Serhatli. "Hybrid thermotropic liquid-crystalline block copolymers." Macromolecular Symposia 77, no. 1 (January 1994): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19940770136.

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36

Yeh, J. "Theoretical studies of models of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 388, no. 1-3 (December 11, 1996): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1280(96)04618-0.

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37

Yeh, Jing-Yue, Debbie Beard Saebø, and Svein Saebø. "Theoretical studies of models of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 388 (December 1996): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1280(96)80015-7.

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38

Guerriero, Gustavo, René Alderliesten, Theo Dingemans, and Rinze Benedictus. "Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers as protective coatings for aerospace." Progress in Organic Coatings 70, no. 4 (April 2011): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2010.09.027.

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39

Asada, Tadahiro, and Yoshitomo Nakata. "Viscoelastic Properties of Low Temperature Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 261, no. 1 (March 1995): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259508033503.

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40

Thomas, Edwin L., and Barbara A. Wood. "Mesophase texture and defects in thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers." Faraday Discussions of the Chemical Society 79 (1985): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dc9857900229.

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41

Kenig, S. "Interfacial tension of blends containing thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 2, no. 4 (August 1991): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1991.220020406.

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42

Akhtar, S., and A. I. Isayev. "Self-Reinforced composites of two thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Polymer Engineering and Science 33, no. 1 (January 1993): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760330105.

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43

Turek, D. E., G. P. Simon, F. Smejkal, M. Grosso, L. Incarnato, and D. Acierno. "Transient isothermal elongational flow of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Polymer 34, no. 1 (January 1993): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90306-u.

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44

Wilson, Thomas S., and Donald G. Baird. "Transient elongational flow behavior of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 44 (September 1992): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0257(92)80046-z.

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45

Ward, I. M., J. E. McIntyre, G. R. Davies, S. A. Dobrowski, S. R. Mirrezaei, and H. V. St A. Hubbard. "Ionic conduction in sequentially ordered thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymers." Electrochimica Acta 37, no. 9 (January 1992): 1479–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(92)80093-2.

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46

Machiels, A. G. C., J. Van Dam, A. Posthuma De Boer, and B. Norder. "Stability of blends of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers with thermoplastic polymers." Polymer Engineering & Science 37, no. 9 (September 1997): 1512–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.11800.

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47

Kocer, Hasan B., Idris Cerkez, and Royall M. Broughton. "Annealing studies on a thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester meltblown fabric." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 8 (January 24, 2016): 1656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716629139.

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Meltblown fabrics composed of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester were subjected to heat conditioning at various temperatures. Physical effect of the treatment was investigated by tensile testing of the fabrics and the individual fibers. The fabrics exhibited increased tensile strength by more than 100% after the heat conditioning due to inter-fiber bonding in the fabric structure and morphological reorganization of the thermotropic polymer. The calorimetric behavior of the polymer was further investigated to obtain information about the internal structure. Structural change during the annealing was also visually observed under a polarized light microscope.
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48

Buijs, J. A. H. M., and G. J. Vroege. "Physical ageing in a thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymer." Polymer 34, no. 22 (January 1993): 4692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90703-d.

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49

Wang, Yanbin, Guangming Lu, Wenjie Wang, Meng Cao, Zhonglin Luo, Ningning Shao, and Biaobing Wang. "Molecular design and synthesis of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(amide imide)s with high thermal stability and solubility." e-Polymers 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0288.

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AbstractA series of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(amide imide)s (PAIs) with well-defined structure were prepared by the Yamazaki-Higashi phosphorylation method. To obtain the target polymers, several diimide diacid monomers (DIDAs) as mesogenic units were synthesized by the dehydration cyclization of aromatic anhydride with aliphatic 11-aminoundecanoic acid (AU). The chemical structure of these DIDAs and PAIs was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Thermotropic liquid crystalline characteristics of the DIDAs and PAIs were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing light microscopy (PLM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Encouragingly, all of these liquid crystalline PAIs exhibited good thermal stability, in which the decomposition temperatures are much higher than the melting temperatures of PAIs. Furthermore, the liquid crystalline PAIs can be dissolved into some common solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and m-cresol, which indicates these liquid crystalline PAIs could be processed not only by melting-processing but also by solution spin-coating.
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50

McLeod, M. A., and D. G. Baird. "Modification of the processing window of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer by blending with another thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 73, no. 11 (September 12, 1999): 2209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990912)73:11<2209::aid-app18>3.0.co;2-m.

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