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Journal articles on the topic 'Therocephalia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Stuart, Brandon P., Adam K. Huttenlocker, and Jennifer Botha. "The postcranial anatomy of Moschorhinus kitchingi (Therapsida: Therocephalia) from the Karoo Basin of South Africa." PeerJ 12 (August 12, 2024): e17765. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17765.

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Therocephalia are an important clade of non-mammalian therapsids that evolved a diverse array of morphotypes and body sizes throughout their evolutionary history. The postcranial anatomy of therocephalians has largely been overlooked, but remains important towards understanding aspects of their palaeobiology and phylogenetic relationships. Here, we provide the first postcranial description of the large akidnognathid eutherocephalian Moschorhinus kitchingi by examining multiple specimens from fossil collections in South Africa. We also compare the postcranial anatomy with previously described t

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2

Suchkova, Yu A., and V. K. Golubev. "A New Permian Therocephalian (Therocephalia, Theromorpha) from the Sundyr Assemblage of Eastern Europe." Paleontological Journal 53, no. 4 (2019): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030119040117.

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3

Brocklehurst, Neil. "Morphological evolution in therocephalians breaks the hypercarnivore ratchet." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1900 (2019): 20190590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0590.

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Large carnivorous mammals have been suggested to show a ratchet-like mode of morphological evolution. A limited number of specializations for hypercarnivory evolve repeatedly in multiple clades, with those lineages evolving such specialities being unable to retreat back along their evolutionary trajectory or jump between adaptive peaks. While it has been hypothesized that such mechanisms should have applied to the evolution of other terrestrial carnivores, the non-mammalian synapsid clade Therocephalia appears to defy this expectation. The earliest, basalmost members of this clade are large ma

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4

Maier, W., and J. van den Heever. "Middle ear structures in the Permian Glanosuchus sp. (Therocephalia, Therapsida), based on thin sections." Fossil Record 5, no. 1 (2002): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-5-309-2002.

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Transverse sections of the skull of the Permian therocephalian <i>Glanosuchus</i> sp. were studied with regard to the structures of the middle ear region. It is generally accepted that most of the skeletal elements of the mammalian middle ear are derived from the postdentary bones of the lower jaw. During synapsid evolution there is a gradual transition from a primitive amniote condition to derived mammalian condition; the latter is characterized by the decoupling of the remaining middle ear elements (angular, prearticular, articular) from the dentary, which forms a secondary jaw a

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5

Huttenlocker, Adam K., and Christian A. Sidor. "The first karenitid (Therapsida, Therocephalia) from the upper Permian of Gondwana and the biogeography of Permo-Triassic therocephalians." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36, no. 4 (2016): e1111897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1111897.

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6

Huttenlocker, Adam K., and Roger M. H. Smith. "New whaitsioids (Therapsida: Therocephalia) from the Teekloof Formation of South Africa and therocephalian diversity during the end-Guadalupian extinction." PeerJ 5 (October 5, 2017): e3868. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3868.

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Two new species of therocephalian therapsids are described from the upper Permian Teekloof Formation of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. They include two specimens of a whaitsiid, Microwhaitsia mendrezi gen. et sp. nov., and a single, small whaitsioid Ophidostoma tatarinovi gen. et sp. nov., which preserves a combination of primitive and apomorphic features. A phylogenetic analysis of 56 therapsid taxa and 136 craniodental and postcranial characters places the new taxa within the monophyletic sister group of baurioids—Whaitsioidea—with Microwhaitsia as a basal whaitsiid and Ophidostoma as an abe

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7

Сучкова, Ю. А., та В. К. Голубев. "Новый примитивный тероцефал (Therocephalia, Theromorpha) из средней перми Восточной Европы". Палеонтологический журнал, № 3 (2019): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031031x19030176.

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8

Сучкова, Ю. А., та В. К. Голубев. "Новый пермский тероцефал (Therocephalia, Theromorpha) из сундырского комплекса Восточной Европы". Палеонтологический журнал, № 4 (2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031031x19040123.

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9

Liu, Jun, and Fernando Abdala. "The tetrapod fauna of the upper Permian Naobaogou Formation of China: 1. Shiguaignathus wangi gen. et sp. nov., the first akidnognathid therocephalian from China." PeerJ 5 (December 6, 2017): e4150. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4150.

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The Permian from China has a well-known terrestrial record where approximately 30 tetrapod taxa, including several therapsids, have been described. However, the record of therocephalians in China has remained elusive. Shiguaignathus wangi gen. et sp. nov., discovered in the Member III of the Naobaogou Formation, Nei Mongol, China, is here described. This is the first therocephalian recovered from this fauna and only the second from the Permian of China. It is represented by a well-preserved robust snout of a medium-sized animal. This is the first akidnognathid reported from the Chinese Permian

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10

Kammerer, Christian F., and Vladimir Masyutin. "A new therocephalian (Gorynychus masyutinae gen. et sp. nov.) from the Permian Kotelnich locality, Kirov Region, Russia." PeerJ 6 (June 8, 2018): e4933. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4933.

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A new therocephalian taxon (Gorynychus masyutinae gen. et sp. nov.) is described based on a nearly complete skull and partial postcranium from the Permian Kotelnich locality of Russia. Gorynychus displays an unusual mixture of primitive (“pristerosaurian”) and derived (eutherocephalian) characters. Primitive features of Gorynychus include extensive dentition on the palatal boss and transverse process of the pterygoid, paired vomers, and a prominent dentary angle; derived features include the absence of the postfrontal. Gorynychus can be distinguished from all other therocephalians by its autap

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11

Liu, Jun, and Fernando Abdala. "The tetrapod fauna of the upper Permian Naobaogou Formation of China: 5. Caodeyao liuyufengi gen. et sp. nov., a new peculiar therocephalian." PeerJ 8 (May 28, 2020): e9160. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9160.

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The upper Permian Naobaogou Formation has been the goal of recent contributions that notably increased the knowledge of its terrestrial vertebrate fauna and unravelled a hidden late Permian therocephalian diversity in China. Two very different species of therocephalians have been documented in the Naobaogou Formation and they were recovered as basal akidnognathids in cladistic analyses. In this contribution we describe Caodeyao liuyufengi gen. et sp. nov., represented by a partial skull and mandible, and a humerus. The new taxon features a short, high snout and a wide temporal opening with the

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12

Ivakhnenko, M. F. "The first Whaitsiid (Therocephalia, Theromorpha) from the terminal Permian of eastern Europe." Paleontological Journal 42, no. 4 (2008): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030108040102.

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13

Maier, Wolfgang, and Juri van den Heever. "Middle ear structures in the PermianGlanosuchus sp. (Therocephalia, Therapsida), based on thin sections." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 5, no. 1 (2002): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.4860050119.

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14

Benoit, Julien, Luke A. Norton, Paul R. Manger та Bruce S. Rubidge. "Reappraisal of the envenoming capacity of Euchambersia mirabilis (Therapsida, Therocephalia) using μCT-scanning techniques". PLOS ONE 12, № 2 (2017): e0172047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172047.

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15

Liu, Jun, and Fernando Abdala. "The tetrapod fauna of the upper Permian Naobaogou Formation of China: 3. Jiufengia jiai gen. et sp. nov., a large akidnognathid therocephalian." PeerJ 7 (February 22, 2019): e6463. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6463.

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Recent field trips to Member III of the Naobaogou Formation, Nei Mongol, China yielded new fossil discoveries, increasing our knowledge of the late Permian continental fauna from China. We present here a new large therocephalian, Jiufengia jiai gen. et sp. nov., represented by a partial skull with mandibles and part of the postcranial skeleton. This is the second therocephalian recovered from the Naobaogou faunal association and, in turn, the second akidnognathid from this unit and from China. The new taxon shows clear differences from Shiguaignathus wangi, the akidnogathid previously reported

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16

Benoit, Julien, Paul R. Manger, Vincent Fernandez, and Bruce S. Rubidge. "Cranial Bosses of Choerosaurus dejageri (Therapsida, Therocephalia): Earliest Evidence of Cranial Display Structures in Eutheriodonts." PLOS ONE 11, no. 8 (2016): e0161457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161457.

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17

Huttenlocker, Adam K., Christian A. Sidor, and Kenneth D. Angielczyk. "A new eutherocephalian (Therapsida, Therocephalia) from the upper Permian Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (Luangwa Basin) of Zambia." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35, no. 5 (2015): e969400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2015.969400.

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18

Fontanarrosa, Gabriela, Fernando Abdala, Susanna Kümmell, and Robert Gess. "The manus of Tetracynodon (Therapsida: Therocephalia) provides evidence for survival strategies following the Permo-Triassic extinction." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38, no. 4 (2018): (1)—(13). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1491404.

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19

Abdala, Fernando, Christian F. Kammerer, Michael O. Day, Sifelani Jirah, and Bruce S. Rubidge. "Adult morphology of the therocephalian Simorhinella baini from the middle Permian of South Africa and the taxonomy, paleobiogeography, and temporal distribution of the Lycosuchidae." Journal of Paleontology 88, no. 6 (2014): 1139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-186.

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The Middle Permian tetrapod fauna of the South African Beaufort Group is taxonomically diverse and includes representatives of all major therapsid groups, including the earliest records of Eutheriodontia. In the Middle Permian, eutheriodonts are represented mainly by large therocephalians, which made up a large proportion of the vertebrate predators in these faunas. Here we describe the skull and partial skeleton of a large therocephalian from the uppermost Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone (AZ) of South Africa. A combination of features, including the short snout, presence of three to four upper

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20

Huttenlocker, Adam. "An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157, no. 4 (2009): 865–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00538.x.

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Huttenlocker, Adam (2009): An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (4): 865-891, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00538.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00538.x

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21

Krone, Isaac W., Christian F. Kammerer, and Kenneth D. Angielczyk. "The many faces of synapsid cranial allometry." Paleobiology 45, no. 4 (2019): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2019.26.

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AbstractPrevious studies of cranial shape have established a consistent interspecific allometric pattern relating the relative lengths of the face and braincase regions of the skull within multiple families of mammals. In this interspecific allometry, the facial region of the skull is proportionally longer than the braincase in larger species. The regularity and broad taxonomic occurrence of this allometric pattern suggests that it may have an origin near the base of crown Mammalia, or even deeper in the synapsid or amniote forerunners of mammals. To investigate the possible origins of this al

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22

Maisch, Michael W. "Re-Assessment of Silphoictidoides ruhuhuensis von Huene, 1950 (Therapsida, Therocephalia) from the Late Permian of Tanzania: One of the Most Basal Baurioids Known." Palaeodiversity 10, no. 1 (2017): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18476/pale.v10.a3.

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23

Huttenlocker, Adam K., Christian A. Sidor, and Roger M. H. Smith. "A new specimen ofPromoschorhynchus(Therapsida: Therocephalia: Akidnognathidae) from the Lower Triassic of South Africa and its implications for theriodont survivorship across the Permo-Triassic boundary." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31, no. 2 (2011): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.546720.

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24

Sigurdsen, Trond. "New features of the snout and orbit of a therocephalian therapsid from South Africa." Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51, no. 1 (2006): 63–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13271998.

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25

HOPSON, BY JAMES A. "TOOTH REPLACEMENT IN CYNODONT, DICYNODONT AND THEROCEPHALIAN REPTILES." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 142, no. 4 (2009): 625–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1964.tb04632.x.

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26

Huttenlocker, Adam K., and Christian A. Sidor. "Taxonomic revision of therocephalians (Therapsida: Theriodontia) from the Lower Triassic of Antarctica." American Museum Novitates 2012, no. 3738 (2012): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1206/3738.2.

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Huttenlocker, Adam K., Sidor, Christian A. (2012): Taxonomic revision of therocephalians (Therapsida: Theriodontia) from the Lower Triassic of Antarctica. American Museum Novitates 2012 (3738): 1-20, DOI: 10.1206/3738.2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/3738.2

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27

Ivakhnenko, M. F. "Permian and Triassic Therocephals (Eutherapsida) of Eastern Europe." Paleontological Journal 45, no. 9 (2011): 981–1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030111090012.

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28

Suchkova, Yu A., V. K. Golubev, and I. S. Shumov. "New Primitive Therocephalians from the Permian of Eastern Europe." Paleontological Journal 56, no. 11 (2022): 1419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030122110181.

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29

Kemp, T. S. "Stance and gait in the hindlimb of a therocephalian mammal-like reptile." Journal of Zoology 186, no. 2 (2009): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03362.x.

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30

Suchkova, Yu A., and V. K. Golubev. "A New Primitive Therocephalian (Theromorpha) from the Middle Permian of Eastern Europe." Paleontological Journal 53, no. 3 (2019): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030119030158.

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31

BROOM, R. "18. On some new Therocephalian Reptiles from the Karroo Beds OC South Africa." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 90, no. 3 (2009): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1920.tb07075.x.

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32

HUTTENLOCKER, ADAM. "An investigation into the cladistic relationships and monophyly of therocephalian therapsids (Amniota: Synapsida)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157, no. 4 (2009): 865–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00538.x.

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33

ABDALA, FERNANDO, BRUCE S. RUBIDGE, and JURI van den HEEVER. "THE OLDEST THEROCEPHALIANS (THERAPSIDA, EUTHERIODONTIA) AND THE EARLY DIVERSIFICATION OF THERAPSIDA." Palaeontology 51, no. 4 (2008): 1011–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00784.x.

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34

Huttenlocker, Adam K., and Christian A. Sidor. "Taxonomic Revision of Therocephalians (Therapsida: Theriodontia) from the Lower Triassic of Antarctica." American Museum Novitates 3738, no. 3738 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/3738.2.

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35

Kemp, T. S. "The skeleton of a baurioid therocephalian therapsid from the Lower Triassic (LystrosaurusZone) of South Africa." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6, no. 3 (1986): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1986.10011617.

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36

Benoit, Julien. "A review of the “venomous therocephalian” hypothesis and how multiple re-portrayals of Euchambersia have influenced its success and vice versa." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 187, no. 4-5 (2016): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.187.4-5.217.

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Abstract Euchambersia mirabilis is unique amongst Permo-Triassic therapsids because it has an external maxillary fossa associated with a ridged canine. This anatomy led to the commonly accepted conclusion that the fossa accommodated a venom gland, which would make Euchambersia the earliest known venomous land vertebrate. Indeed, Euchambersia is considered to be the most robustly supported case of an extinct venomous species and serves as a model for infering envenoming capacity in fossil species. Here, a review of the literature on Euchambersia, with special emphasis on canine morphology, show

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37

BOTHA-BRINK, JENNIFER, and SEAN P. MODESTO. "A new skeleton of the therocephalian synapsid Olivierosuchus parringtoni from the Lower Triassic South African Karoo Basin." Palaeontology 54, no. 3 (2011): 591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01048.x.

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38

Huttenlocker, Adam K., and Fernando Abdala. "Revision of the first therocephalian,TheriognathusOwen (Therapsida: Whaitsiidae), and implications for cranial ontogeny and allometry in nonmammaliaform eutheriodonts." Journal of Paleontology 89, no. 4 (2015): 645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2015.32.

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AbstractHistorically, the whaitsiid therocephalianTheriognathusOwen was one of the earliest described nonmammalian therapsids, its morphology helping to link phylogenetically the Paleozoic synapsids of North America and southern Africa to their mammalian successors. However, decades of taxonomic over-splitting and superficial descriptions obscured the morphologic diversity of the genus, hindering its utility as a study system for the evolution of synapsid cranial function as well as its biostratigraphic significance in the Late Permian of southern Africa. Here, we revise the status and provena

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39

Abdala, Fernando, Leandro C. Gaetano, Roger M. H. Smith, and Bruce S. Rubidge. "A new large cynodont from the Late Permian (Lopingian) of the South African Karoo Basin and its phylogenetic significance." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186, no. 4 (2019): 983–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz004.

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Abstract The Karoo Basin of South Africa has the best global record of Lopingian (Late Permian) non-mammaliaform cynodonts, currently represented by five species. We describe Vetusodon elikhulu gen. et sp. nov., documented by four specimens from the Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone. With a basal skull length of ~18 cm, it is the largest Lopingian cynodont and is also larger than Induan representatives of the group. Vetusodon elikhulu has a cranial morphology that departs notably from that previously documented for Permo-Triassic cynodonts. It features a short and extremely wide snout, resembling

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40

DE OLIVEIRA, TÉO VEIGA, MARINA BENTO SOARES, and CESAR LEANDRO SCHULTZ. "Trucidocynodon riograndensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Eucynodontia), a new cynodont from the Brazilian Upper Triassic (Santa Maria Formation)." Zootaxa 2382, no. 1 (2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2382.1.1.

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An almost complete skeleton of a new carnivorous cynodont from the Upper Triassic of Southern Brazil, Trucidocynodon riograndensis gen. nov. et sp. nov., is described. The new taxon is very similar to Ecteninion lunensis Martinez et al. 1996 from Upper Triassic of Argentina (Ischigualasto Formation). Both have an elongated skull, large pterygoid flanges, a well developed orbitosphenoid, a relatively short osseous secondary palate, greatly developed canines and sectorial postcanines with posteriorly directed cusps. However, the new taxon shows some differences relative to E. lunensis such as an

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41

Huttenlocker, Adam K., and Jennifer Botha-Brink. "Bone microstructure and the evolution of growth patterns in Permo-Triassic therocephalians (Amniota, Therapsida) of South Africa." PeerJ 2 (April 8, 2014): e325. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.325.

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42

Huttenlocker, Adam K., and Jennifer Botha-Brink. "Body size and growth patterns in the therocephalianMoschorhinus kitchingi(Therapsida: Eutheriodontia) before and after the end-Permian extinction in South Africa." Paleobiology 39, no. 2 (2013): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12020.

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The continuous fossil record of therocephalian therapsids (Eutheriodontia) across the Permo-Triassic boundary and their differential survivorship of the end-Permian extinction offer an exceptional deep-time perspective on vertebrate life-history evolution during episodes of large-scale ecological perturbation. To examine potential impacts of the extinction on body size evolution (e.g., “Lilliput” effects) and growth patterns, we investigated cranial sizes and limb bone histology in the therocephalianMoschorhinus kitchingiboth before and after the end-Permian extinction, facilitated by analysis

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43

Botha, J., and R. M. H. Smith. "Biostratigraphy of the Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 2 (2020): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0015.

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Abstract The earliest Triassic (Induan) Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone has long been recognised as a particularly significant biozone in palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental studies as it contains a community assemblage that records the survival and recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME). Here renamed the Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone it represents the best record globally of the ecological changes in terrestrial community structure and stability during this time period. The assemblage is dominated by two species of small to medium-sized herbivorous dicynodonts L. decli

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44

Botha, Jennifer. "The paleobiology and paleoecology of South African Lystrosaurus." PeerJ 8 (November 24, 2020): e10408. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10408.

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Lystrosaurus was one of the few tetrapods to survive the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME), the most catastrophic biotic crisis in Phanerozoic history. The significant increased abundance of this genus during the post-extinction Early Triassic recovery period has made Lystrosaurus an iconic survivor taxon globally and ideal for studying changes in growth dynamics during a mass extinction. There is potential evidence of a Lilliput effect in Lystrosaurus in South Africa as the two Triassic species that became highly abundant after the EPME are relatively smaller than the two Permian species. In

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45

Pusch, Luisa C., Christian F. Kammerer, and Jörg Fröbisch. "The origin and evolution of Cynodontia (Synapsida, Therapsida): Reassessment of the phylogeny and systematics of the earliest members of this clade using 3D‐imaging technologies." Anatomical Record, March 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.25394.

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AbstractThe origin of cynodonts, the group ancestral to and including mammals, is one of the major outstanding problems in therapsid evolution. One of the most troubling aspects of the cynodont fossil record is the lengthy Permian ghost lineage between the latest possible divergence from its sister group Therocephalia and the first appearance of definitive cynodonts in the late Permian. The absence of cynodonts and dominance of therocephalians in middle Permian strata has led some workers to argue that cynodonts evolved from within therocephalians, rendering the latter paraphyletic, but more r

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46

Liu, Jun, and Fernando Abdala. "The emblematic South African therocephalian Euchambersia in China: a new link in the dispersal of late Permian vertebrates across Pangea." Biology Letters 18, no. 7 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2022.0222.

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Therapsids were widely distributed in Pangea in the late Permian. South Africa in Gondwana and Russia in Laurasia are the principal areas recording tetrapods (including therapsids) of this age. More recent field explorations have increased the importance of Chinese late Permian fossil assemblages. This is clearly reflected in the discovery of several new therocephalians from the Naobaogou Formation in Nei Mongol. Here, we report a therocephalian from that unit identified as a new species of the emblematic South African taxon Euchambersia . The new species, Euchambersia liuyudongi , is represen

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Grunert, Henrik Richard, Neil Brocklehurst, and Jörg Fröbisch. "Diversity and Disparity of Therocephalia: Macroevolutionary Patterns through Two Mass Extinctions." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41628-w.

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Huttenlocker, Adam K., Jennifer Botha, Claire Browning, Zoe Kulik, Muofhe Tshibalanganda, and Anton du Plessis. "A Gulliver Scaloposaurus (Therapsida, Therocephalia) from the Katberg Formation of South Africa and its implication for Lilliput assemblages during the Early Triassic recovery." Journal of African Earth Sciences, September 2022, 104720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104720.

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Benoit, Julien, Claire Browning, and Luke A. Norton. "The First Healed Bite Mark and Embedded Tooth in the Snout of a Middle Permian Gorgonopsian (Synapsida: Therapsida)." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (June 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.699298.

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Despite their significance for paleobiological interpretations, bite marks have been rarely reported in non-mammalian therapsids (NMT). Here we describe, for the first time, the occurrence of a tooth embedded in the snout of a gorgonopsian. The tooth is surrounded by a bony callus, which demonstrates that the animal was still alive after the attack and healed. The identity of the attacker is unknown. Two hypotheses are discussed to account for this healed bite: failed predation (most likely by a biarmosuchian, therocephalian, or another gorgonopsian) and intraspecific social biting. Though pre

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Pusch, Luisa C., Jasper Ponstein, Christian F. Kammerer, and Jörg Fröbisch. "Novel Endocranial Data on the Early Therocephalian Lycosuchus vanderrieti Underpin High Character Variability in Early Theriodont Evolution." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7 (January 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00464.

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