Academic literature on the topic 'Thesis(doctorate)'

The aim of this study was to examine postgraduate thesis studies conducted between the years of 2009 and 2014 in special education field in Turkey based on various variables and figure out how many of these thesis is related with hearing disability. A total number of 146 postgraduate thesis have been found in the thesis scanning center of Higher Education Council (YOK) of Turkey. 126 of these thesis were master thesis and 20 of them were doctorate thesis. Data of the research were analyzed in SPSS 20.0 program. According to the results, it was revealed that quantitative method is the most preferred method in postgraduate thesis and there is much more number of master thesis than doctorate thesis. According to the distribution of thesis based on disability group, thesis are mostly related with special education and there is least number of thesis related with dyslexia. Besides, there were not much number of studies conducted with individuals with disability. Recommendations and implications for further research are also provided based on the results. Keywords: special education, postgraduate thesis, individuals with hearing disability, content analysis

Increasing number of students enrolled in doctoral programmes and the emergence of the new types of doctoral programmes across the world's universities as a response to various demands from a wide range of professional context has shown that professional doctorate has become a new challenge and opened new horizons in higher education. This article examines the road of the professional doctorate from beginning to current status and possible trends. The professional doctorate is examined in its relationship with the so-called traditional scientific doctorate. The paper focuses on some of the aspects that gives identity and legitimacy to this type of doctorate: programme aims, structure, content, duration, recruitment and admissions, students' motivation to enroll professional doctorate, status, financial support, standards, and thesis contributions. It also presents the status of the professional doctorate in Romania and some ideas as a basis for further examination of the professional doctorate.

Increasing number of students enrolled in doctoral programmes and the emergence of the new types of doctoral programmes across the world's universities as a response to various demands from a wide range of professional context has shown that professional doctorate has become a new challenge and opened new horizons in higher education. This article examines the road of the professional doctorate from beginning to current status and possible trends. The professional doctorate is examined in its relationship with the so-called traditional scientific doctorate. The paper focuses on some of the aspects that gives identity and legitimacy to this type of doctorate: programme aims, structure, content, duration, recruitment and admissions, students' motivation to enroll professional doctorate, status, financial support, standards, and thesis contributions. It also presents the status of the professional doctorate in Romania and some ideas as a basis for further examination of the professional doctorate.

Abstract
 This study is a content analysis of thesis related with gamification area in Higher Education Council (YOK) Thesis Center database. It was figured out that the first thesis related with gamification concept was published in 2014 in YOK Thesis Center and a total number of 9 thesis were obtained by the end of 2015. It was revealed that 8 of these theses are master thesis and 1 of them is doctorate thesis. It was also figured out that thesis are mostly studied in Institute of Social Sciences. “Education and Instruction”, “science and technology”, “computer and control” and “advertising/communication sciences” are frequently studied in the area of gamification as research subjects. When thesis is examined, it was determined that studies in the area of gamification are yet at the beginning of the road. Furthermore, it could be indicated that gamification will be an inseparable part of further research and application and usage area of gamification will be expanded in the future as well.
 Keywords: gamification, research trends, content analysis

Purpose – This paper draws on a recently completed professional doctorate thesis. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the research process mirrors the area being researched, and underscores the importance of the ability to tolerate ambiguity, in both the research process and in working to protect children. Design/methodology/approach – The doctorate used a constructivist grounded theory approach, and drew on 22 in-depth interviews with social workers and a sample of 20 serious case reviews. Central to the research process were issues of reflexivity and positionality, which were both crucial to the area under exploration. Findings – Central to the thesis on which this paper draws, and the professional doctorate is the notion of balance. Social workers and researchers have to negotiate both getting close to and achieving distance from, the subject of enquiry. Seeking and maintaining balance requires managing a number of dimensions, and the negotiation of ambiguity. Originality/value – This paper explores the complexity of “working the hyphen” of insider-outsider research, and argues that, as in child protection practice, insider-outsider research requires the adoption of strategies to both get close to, and achieve distance from, the subject of enquiry.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate examiner reactions to doctorate of business administration (DBA) theses at an Australian university applying Perry’s structured approach to thesis presentation, which had its origin in the marketing discipline, but is now widely applied to other business disciplines. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines 49 DBA examiner reports relating to 19 DBA theses using the structured Perry approach, with emphasis paid to comments relating to thesis structure and presentation. Only those theses that acknowledged Perry or demonstrated Perry-like characteristics were interrogated. Findings The use of Perry’s structured approach can lead to DBA theses that place excessive emphasis on description rather than practical outcomes, as should occur with a professional doctorate, and also fosters excessive repetition and scaffolding that unduly interferes with the candidate’s “story telling”. Many examiners found theses using Perry’s structured approach problematic, particularly with respect to a lack of integration with the literature and reflection on the findings in relation to previous studies. Research limitations/implications The use of Perry’s structured approach potentially acts as a further barrier to DBA theses, and other professional doctorates by extension, sufficiently differentiating themselves from PhDs. This has implications for the examination of such theses, which are sometimes viewed as lower-quality PhDs instead of professional doctorates. Originality/value Applying a traditional PhD thesis structure, such as the model advocated by Perry with its use of five chapters, to DBA theses potentially exacerbates existing professional doctorate “image” issues, thereby leading to ambiguity for examiners and the candidates themselves.

The main goal of this article is to present Jan Smuts’ holistic thought according to his ideas exposed in the book “Holism and Evolution” (1926). This material was initially used in the doctorate thesis of our authorship entitled “Psychotherapy and Change – a reflection” (2005), herein systematized and summarized in order to make it an introduction to the holistic thought and its connection with the gestalt thought.

Writing is a skill that must be mastered by students. These language skills are useful for writing a thesis as a final assignment for students to get a bachelor's degree (master and / or doctorate). In thesis writing, spelling, and sentences used are standard and effective sentences so that readers easily understand the intent of the author. This study aims to describe mistakes in writing spelling, terminology, and writing mistakes in the thesis of UB's Faculty of Arts students. This study uses qualitative research with a case study design to obtain a description of the data. The results of this study reveal that the most common language errors are found, namely spelling errors used by students in the thesis. The spelling mistakes were 52.03% the use of punctuation, 39.53% word writing, and 0.08% letter writing, while sentence writing errors were found in aspects of structural incompatibility, inequality, inaccuracy, incoherence, disparity, and incoherence in the sentence .

Maarten de Wilde was awarded his doctorate (cum laude) by the Erasmus University Rotterdam on 15 January 2015 for his thesis on 'Sharing the Pie'; Taxing Multinationals in a Global Market. In his thesis, of which this contribution is a summary, De Wilde sets out a proposal for an alternative, more neutral system for taxing multinationals. His suggestion is that multinationals should be treated as a single taxable entity and granted an allowance for equity capital provided by shareholders. The proposal geographically assigns the tax base in international situations to the countries where the multinational effectively sells its products and services instead of, as is currently the case, to the countries in which its investments are located. Switching to the proposed system would seem attractive for countries and regions, both individually and as a totality, and would boost the investment climate. The manuscript of the thesis is available at ssrn.com.

This portfolio and the competency folders contain two years of reflective practice logs and demonstrate evidence of how I have met the required competencies for the Professional Doctorate in Health Psychology. In the form of four case studies, one systematic review and a research thesis conducted over a period of two years, it shows my range of knowledge and skills gained within Health Psychology. Both the portfolio and the competency folders consist of a range of practical experiences of how I have put health psychology theories and constructs into practice within NHS, charity and corporate settings. The skills and experiences I have gained in this portfolio have been mainly placed within public health but also working alongside the NHS, which Health Psychology heavily contributes to. This portfolio demonstrates my development as a reflective practitioner through a variety of experiences and roles needed to meet each competency. My main role throughout this course has been as a Specialist Stop Smoking Advisor and Smoking in Pregnancy Lead. A large part of this portfolio and my development as a Health Psychologists is Section C3, (page 109), the research competency. When starting this course, it took me a long time to decide on an original topic of research for the thesis, (Section C3, page 109) and I feel that at the beginning, when writing my ethics proposal, my thought process was much more basic. My research thesis examined the use of electronic cigarettes within smoking cessation and the effects this can have on individuals changes in weight. It explored this by comparing different smoking cessation aids, (NRT, Champix and E-cigarettes), gender, ethnicity (Asian or Non-Asian), eating behaviours and activity levels to compare different variables in their strength in predicting weight changes during smoking cessation. Initially, my thought process felt that e-cigarettes could be a stronger variable at preventing weight changes compared to other smoking cessation aids, despite other contributing factors. However, throughout the duration of the course, I feel that my thought process developed as a Health Psychologist and I wanted to consider the results further. Initially, the results from an ANOVA showed that people using e-cigarettes did gain the least amount of weight over a 6-month period. However, after further analysis using the other variables available, I found that the strongest variables at predicting weight changes was gender and eating behaviours. I feel that this was a big change in my way of thinking and allowed me to find more significant results. My overall conclusion was that women are more likely to gain weight during smoking cessation due to them being more sensitive to changes in eating based on emotion and stress. This means that I feel more confident in this being a unique and original contribution of research in Health Psychology and I am proud of what I have achieved and developed within this competency. Following this, the systematic review, section C3.1, (page 212), was one of the most challenging competencies I faced during the two years. This is something that was very new for me and I was initially concerned about my ability to complete this and it was challenging for me to choose a relevant topic. However, after hours of researching and some supervision support, I developed the review to choosing a unique topic and varied area of research for my portfolio. I decided to research and compare the varied perceptions of individuals on people with epilepsy driving. This included the perceptions of people with epilepsy themselves, health professionals and the public. I felt that each step of the review process was new to me and I was always checking that what I was doing/had completed was correct, which I feel has helped me to develop new skills. Only nine studies met the inclusion criteria and of those, only one compared the perceptions of all three individuals; people with epilepsy, health professionals and the public. The review highlights the need for more education about epilepsy and how it can affect an individual to all physicians and members of the public who interact or work with patients with epilepsy. Another challenging part of this review was the Quality Assessment tool for Quantitative studies that I completed for each of the nine studies. This was a new assessment tool to me that I had not used previously and I felt initially confused on how to use this most effectively. However, with more research, practice and supervision, I feel as though this is another skill I could develop for further research in the future. I am also hoping to get this review published to increase my list of publications. The competency I feel I developed in the most is the consultancy, section C4 (page 276), which will illustrate one consultancy project where I designed and developed a Smoking in Pregnancy scheme and educational project. The idea of this consultancy came directly from Public Health, who asked me to target the pregnant women who smoke and decline a referral to the stop smoking service. This gave me the opportunity to work with a range of different health professionals working at different levels, including service leads, locality managers, maternity department, consultants and commissioners within maternal health. This was a new opportunity for me and I was given the responsibility to design and develop the individual sessions delivered to these pregnant smokers. The idea was to work directly with maternity services, specifically the Public Health Specialist Midwife, to deliver this educational session to the pregnant women with the hope for them to decide to try and stop smoking and work directly with the community midwives to ensure appropriate referrals. This was the biggest challenge for me over the duration of the course, as it involved working at such a high level on important and relevant work. Throughout the project, it became a big interest for other services within the East of England, in which I was asked to deliver a presentation of the project and the results gained throughout at various meetings and conferences. Despite being terrified initially, my confidence grew quickly and I was pleased with the overall outcomes of this work. This gave me the opportunity to develop in a way that was not available within my normal role and I feel that it has contributed enormously to the health professional I have become today. Following this, the competency I was most worried about completing was the teaching and training, (section C5, page 319) as I did not feel I had the confidence to deliver a teaching or training session. At the beginning of the course, I had never delivered any teaching or training sessions and did not feel it was something I would enjoy. I felt that it was important for me to embrace this opportunity, knowing it was important for these feelings to change by the end of the course. Therefore, this was the first competency I chose to complete. I started by delivering two lectures at the university for both undergraduate and postgraduate level students. Initially, I was concerned about the content of the lectures and my ability to teach others information. However, after some guidance and support from my peers and during supervision, I feel that I delivered two effective and interesting lectures to students leaving me able to complete the competency report. Following this, I was keen to increase my confidence further within this competency and I could start delivering training sessions within my role for the Level 2 Stop Smoking Advisor Training. Upon completion of this training, trainees are qualified and competent to support and guide individuals to stop smoking and so it was important for me to deliver an effective training. This was a full two-day course that involved both delivering information and interactive sessions with an online assessment to complete their training.<br>I think that this has helped me tremendously in building my confidence delivering training and I was able to continue this further and deliver the Make Every Contact Count (MECC) to other health professionals where needed. Finally, by the end of the course, I was training other staff members to deliver these two training sessions so there were more staff available when needed. This has allowed me to develop as an autonomous practitioner in both skills and confidence and I feel that it has prepared me for the delivery of future training. The competency I feel I sit most naturally in and throughout the course of the doctorate I delivered many behaviour change interventions, (Section C2, page 30). Throughout my training, I was regularly delivering interventions to clients who wanted to stop smoking and helping to support them through their behaviour change. Therefore, I decided to increase my knowledge and skills to a different area for the intervention report. I had the opportunity to work with a Child Weight Management Team at delivering a physical activity session at the end of each nutritional session within their programmes. This allowed me to develop the skills and experience needed to work with young children and their families in a health setting within weight management, not just adults. I enjoyed delivering these physical activity sessions and although initially, I was not sure how to deliver an effective session to children, the team were a great support. I am pleased that the outcome of the intervention increased attendance rates and later became an important part of their child weight management programmes.

Background: Breastfeeding rates continue to remain low in the UK even though a number of initiatives have been delivered in an attempt to increase them. Evidence suggests a large proportion of mothers now perceive breastfeeding as the best feeding practice for their baby and many wish to do so, but are unable to for a number of reasons including issues around breastfeeding in public. This study set out to explore lived experience of breastfeeding in public to better inform our understanding. Methods: A qualitative approach was chosen using semi-structured interviews to facilitative an in-depth exploration of mothers’ experiences of public breastfeeding. Women aged 31 to 40 years old who had experience of breastfeeding in public within London were interviewed and narratives analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Two themes emerged from the data: “Societal attitudes as ostracising” and “Becoming a nursing mother”. It was evident these mothers experienced a strong transference from a British society generally disapproving and feeling uncomfortable with breastfeeding. Consequently implicit expectations are placed on them to conceal the behaviour either by covering their breast or breastfeeding in discrete locations including feeding rooms. Transitioning from a woman to a mother is a significant life stage and being able to breastfeed successfully appeared to be an important aspect of motherhood for these mothers. Their determination to breastfeed exceeded the challenges they faced in public with their confidence enhancing with time. Findings are considered in light of current social attitudes and the importance of normalising views about breastfeeding in society in order to improve health outcomes.

La combustió excessiva de combustibles fòssils té com a resultat l’emissió de diòxid de carboni (CO2), que està desencadenant problemes ambientals creixents, com ara l’escalfament global, l’augment del nivell del mar, el clima extrem i l’extinció d’espècies. Per tant, les tecnologies per a la conversió de CO2 en altres productes de valor estan jugant un paper vital per eliminar la concentració de CO2 a l’atmosfera. En aquest sentit, la conversió electroquímica de CO2, alimentat per energia renovable, en productes químics útils es considera una solució elegant per aconseguir el cicle del carboni. Tanmateix, a causa de la interioritat de les molècules de CO2 i de la reacció competitiva d’evolució d’hidrogen (HER), els principals reptes de CO2 RR són l’elevat requeriment de sobrepotencial associat a una termodinàmica desfavorable i una baixa eficiència faradaica (FE) per a un producte concret. Per tant, buscar un electrocatalitzador d’alta eficiència i econòmic és raonable i necessari per a aplicacions pràctiques. En les darreres dècades, els marcs metal·lorgànics (MOF) van absorbir les enormes consideracions en el camp de l’electrocatàlisi a causa de la seva gran superfície específica, una rica estructura de porus i llocs actius uniformement dispersos. Tot i que tenen un gran potencial en electrocàlisi, la majoria dels materials MOF encara pateixen una activitat insuficient, baixa conductivitat i poca estabilitat, cosa que dificultaria les seves aplicacions pràctiques. Especialment, en el camp del CO2 RR, s’han de tenir en compte molts paràmetres importants, inclosa una alta eficiència faradaica (FE), l’excessiu baix sobrepotencial, una gran densitat de corrent i una estabilitat robusta, entre d’altres. Per tant, el disseny racional dels MOF per complir els requisits anteriors tant com sigui possible és crucial per explotar el seu futur en aplicacions de CO2 RR. Per tant, en aquesta dissertació, vam fer molts esforços per desenvolupar catalitzadors basats en MOFs/derivats amb una eficiència, activitat i estabilitat superiors per augmentar el rendiment del CO2 RR. Aquesta dissertació es divideix en 5 capítols: El capítol 1 presenta les idees sobre els conceptes fonamentals sobre CO2 RR electroquímic, que inclou la cèl·lula fonamental de CO2 RR electroquímica, que revisa els productes de reducció comuns i les seves vies senzilles. En aquest capítol també es presenta la visió general de paràmetres importants que afecten el CO2 RR, inclosos diferents catalitzadors dels darrers anys i electròlits, i les mètriques rellevants que avaluen els electrocatalitzadors, així com les limitacions de la reducció electroquímica de CO2. El capítol 2 tracta de la fabricació de ZIF-8 modificat a la superfície com a elèctrode basat en MOFs per a un CO2 RR electroquímic per generar CO. En aquest treball, hem modificat la superfície del MOF ZIF-8 a partir d’introduir un petita proporció d’àcid 2,5-dihidroxyterephthalic (DOBDC), aconseguint una densitat de corrent de CO 2,5 vegades superior i una eficiència faradaica augmentada. Al capítol 3, s’utilitza una ruta fàcil per introduir grups que contenen O enllaçats axialment en un catalitzador Fe-N-C mitjançant piròlisi de marcs orgànics metàl·lics basats en Zn dopats amb Fe (IRMOF-3), formant àtoms individuals de Fe molt dispersos amb llocs actius de HO-FeN4. A causa de la modulació de l’entorn local induïda per aquests grups -OH, el catalitzador D-Fe-N-C presenta una activitat CO2 RR millorada, que inclou una alta selectivitat amb una eficiència faradaica de CO, i una estabilitat robusta , que és superior a la dels llocs FeN4 normals reportats sense grups -OH. Al capítol 4, vam proposar la introducció d’àtoms de Fe en catalitzadors de Ni-N-C per produir catalitzadors amb àtoms individualitzats (Ni/Fe-N-C) de doble metall (bimetàl·lics) de cara al CO2 RR per aconseguir una alta selectivitat i activitat simultàniament. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the general conclusions.<br>La combustión excesiva de combustibles fósiles da como resultado la emisión de dióxido de carbono (CO2), que desencadenó crecientes problemas ambientales, como el calentamiento global, el aumento del nivel del mar, el clima extremo y la extinción de especies. Por lo tanto, las tecnologías para la conversión de CO2 en otros productos de valor jugaron un papel vital para eliminar la concentración de CO2 en la atmósfera. En ese sentido, la conversión electroquímica de CO2 alimentado por energía renovable en productos químicos útiles se considera una solución elegante para lograr el ciclo del carbono. Sin embargo, debido a la interioridad de las moléculas de CO2 y la reacción competitiva de evolución de hidrógeno (HER), los principales desafíos en el campo CO2 RR son el alto requerimiento de sobrepotencial que representa la termodinámica desfavorable y la baja eficiencia faradaica (FE) para los productos objetivo. Por lo tanto, la búsqueda de un electrocatalizador económico y de alta eficiencia es sensato y necesario para aplicaciones prácticas. En las últimas décadas, las estructuras organometálicas (MOF) absorbieron las enormes consideraciones en el campo de la electrocatálisis debido a su gran área de superficie específica, rica estructura de poros y sitios activos uniformemente dispersos. Aunque con grandes potenciales en electrocatálisis, la mayoría de los materiales MOF todavía sufren de actividad insuficiente, baja conductividad y poca estabilidad, lo que dificultaría sus aplicaciones prácticas. Especialmente, en el campo de CO2 RR, se deben considerar muchos parámetros importantes, incluida la alta eficiencia faradaica (FE), bajo sobrepotencial, gran densidad de corriente y estabilidad robusta, etc. Por lo tanto, el diseño racional de MOF para cumplir con los requisitos anteriores tanto como sea posible es crucial para explotar sus futuras aplicaciones de CO2 RR. Por lo tanto, en esta disertación, hicimos muchos esfuerzos para desarrollar catalizadores basados en MOFs / derivados de MOF con eficiencia, actividad y estabilidad superiores para aumentar el rendimiento de CO2 RR. Esta disertación se divide en 5 capítulos: El capítulo 1 es la información sobre los conceptos fundamentales sobre la CO2 RR electroquímico, que incluye la celda fundamental de la CO2 RR electroquímico, revisa los productos de reducción comunes y sus vías simples. Mientras tanto, la descripción general de los parámetros importantes que afectan la CO2 RR, incluidos los diferentes catalizadores en los últimos años y el electrolito, y las métricas relevantes que evalúan los electrocatalizadores. El Capítulo 2 trata de la fabricación de ZIF-8 modificado en superficie como electrodo basado en MOF para CO2 RR electroquímico para generar CO. En este trabajo, se preparó un ZIF-8 modificado en superficie mediante la introducción de una proporción muy pequeña de ácido 2,5-dihidroxitereftálico (DOBDC) en ZIF-8, logrando una densidad de corriente de CO mayor. En el Capítulo 3, se utiliza una ruta fácil para introducir grupos que contienen O con enlaces axiales en un catalizador de Fe-N-C a través de la pirólisis de estructuras orgánicas metálicas a base de Zn dopado con Fe (IRMOF-3), formando átomos únicos de Fe altamente dispersos con sitios activos HO-FeN4. Debido a la modulación del ambiente local inducida por tales grupos -OH, el catalizador D-Fe-N-C exhibe una actividad CO2 RR mejorada, incluida una alta selectividad con alta eficiencia Faradaica de CO y una estabilidad sólida. En el capítulo 4, proponemos que la introducción de átomos de Fe en catalizadores de Ni-N-C fabrica catalizadores de un solo átomo de metal doble (Ni/Fe-N-C) hacia CO2 RR para lograr una alta selectividad y actividad simultáneamente. El catalizador de doble metal optimizado mostró excelentes rendimientos, obteniendo una alta selectividad con eficiencia faradaica CO a un bajo sobrepotencial, superior a las contrapartes de un solo metal. Finalmente, el Capítulo 5 resume las conclusiones generales.<br>The excessive combustion of fossil fuels results in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), which triggers increasing environmental problems, such as, global warming, rising sea levels, extreme weather, and species extinction. Therefore, the technologies for conversion of CO2 into other value products plays a vital role in order to eliminate the CO2 concentration in atmosphere. Thereinto, electrochemical conversion of CO2 powered by renewable energy to useful chemicals is considered as an elegant solution to achieve the carbon cycle. However, due to the innerness of CO2 molecules and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the main challenges in the field CO2 RR are the high overpotential requirement that represents the unfavourable thermodynamics and low Faradaic e&#64259;ciency (FE) for the target products. Therefore, searching for a high-efficient and cost-friendly electrocatalyst is sensible and necessary for practical applications. In the past decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) engrossed the enormous considerations in the field of electrocatalysis because of their large specific surface area, rich pore structure, and uniformly dispersed active sites. Although they have a great potential in electrocatalysis, most MOFs materials still suffer from insufficient activity, low conductivity, and poor stability, which would hinder their practical applications. Especially, in the field of CO2 RR, many important parameters, including high FE, low overpotential, large current density and robust stability among others, should be considered. Thus, the rational design of MOFs to fulfil the above requirements as much as possible is crucial for exploiting their future in CO2 RR applications. Therefore, in this dissertation, we made many efforts to develop MOFs-based/derived catalysts with superior efficiency, activity, and stability for boosting the CO2 RR performance. This dissertation is divided into 5 chapters: Chapter 1 is the insights on the fundamental concepts about electrochemical CO2 RR, which includes the fundamental cell of electrochemical CO2 RR, reviews the common reduction products and their simple pathways. Meanwhile, the overview of important parameters affecting CO2 RR, including different catalysts over the past years, electrolyte, and the relevant metrics evaluating the electrocatalysts as well as limitations of electrochemical CO2 reduction are also presented in this chapter. In addition, this chapter summarizes the fundamental concepts about MOFs materials and their high-temperature pyrolysis derived materials as the electrocatalysts. Chapter 2 deals with the fabrication of surface modified ZIF-8 as MOFs-based electrode for electrochemical CO2 RR to generate CO. In this work, a surface modified ZIF-8 has been prepared through introducing a very small proportion 2,5-dihidroxyterephthalic acid (DOBDC) into ZIF-8, achieving a higher current density of CO and a boosted Faradaic efficiency. In Chapter 3, a facile route is used to introduce axial bonded O-containing groups into a Fe-N-C catalyst through pyrolysis of Fe-doped Zn-based metal organic frameworks (IRMOF-3), forming highly dispersed Fe single atoms with HO-FeN4 active sites. Due to the local environment modulation induced by such -OH groups, the D-Fe-N-C catalyst exhibits an enhanced CO2 RR activity, including a high selectivity with CO Faradaic efficiency, and a robust stability, which is higher than that of the reported normal FeN4 sites without -OH groups. In Chapter 4, we proposed that introducing Fe atoms into Ni-N-C catalysts fabricates double metal (bimetallic) single-atom catalysts (Ni/Fe-N-C) towards CO2 RR to achieve a high selectivity and activity simultaneously. The optimized double-metal Ni/Fe-N-C catalyst showed an excellent performance, obtaining a high selectivity with a high CO Faradaic efficiency at a low overpotential. The performance obtained is superior to both single metal counterparts and other state-of-the-art M-N-C catalysts, proving that regulating single active sites with a second metal site potentially breaks the single metal-based activity benchmark to obtain the high selectivity and activity in CO2 RR, simultaneously. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the general conclusions.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Ciència de Materials

Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316T is the most recently described species of the Butyrivibrio / Pseudobutyrivibrio assemblage and now the first to have its genome sequenced. The genome of this organism was found to be spread across four replicons: a 3.5 Mb major chromosome and three additional large replicons: 186, 302 and 361 Kb in size. This thesis describes the sequencing, analysis, annotation and initial characterisation of all three B. proteoclasticus auxiliary replicons. Most significantly, these analyses revealed that the 302-Kb replicon is a second chromosome. This small chromosome, named BPc2, encodes essential systems for the uptake and/or biosynthesis of biotin and nicotinamide adenine mononucleotide, as well as the enzymes required for utilisation of fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration, none of which are found on the main chromosome. In addition, BPc2 contains two complete rRNA operons, a large number of enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, nitrogen and fatty acids. In contrast to BPc2, both megaplasmids appear largely cryptic, collectively encoding 421 genes not previously described in public databases. Nevertheless, only the 186-Kb, but not 361-Kb megaplasmid, could be cured from Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316T. The largest megaplasmid has a copy number of 5, while all other replicons are present at a copy number of 1. %GC content and codon usage analyses strongly suggests that all three auxiliary replicons have co-resided with the major chromosome for a significant evolutionary period. Moreover, the replication machineries of these three replicons are conserved. Interestingly, a survey of a number of Butyrivibrio / Pseudobutyrivibrio species revealed that the megaplasmids are widespread in this assemblage, however these other large plasmids do not show concordance with their 16S rRNA phylogeny and appear distinct to those of B. proteoclasticus B316T. A microarray analysis of gene expression in a co-culture experiment between B. proteoclasticus and the important ruminal methanogen, Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1, revealed a potentially mutualistic interspecies interaction. In this relationship M. ruminantium appears to provide B. proteoclasticus with glutamate, essential to the final step of NAD+ biosynthesis, while B. proteoclasticus appears to provide M. ruminantium with formate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, each important substrate for methanogenesis.

Thesis (PhD) -- AUT University, 2007.<br>Primary supervisor : Professor Keith Hooper. Secondary supervisor : Dr Andy Godfrey. At head of title: Doctorate of Philosophy: a thesis. Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (ix, 192 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.) in City Campus Theses Collection (T 658.3145 GAR)

La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.<br>La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de modelos personalizados. Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria, el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos. El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución. Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.

This research investigated a 2004 Ministry of Education-led Education Development Initiative (EDI) known as the Network Review in one district from the perspective of board of trustees members, parents, teachers and students from one school using a case study approach. Focused interviews with participants and student groups were held on three separate occasions throughout 10 months of the reorganisation process. The interviews were analysed using content analysis and conclusions were reached using an inductive method of categorising. The findings indicate this reorganisation was far from realising the outcomes or benefits as predicted by the Ministry of Education. Student learning was not only jeopardised but student safety was also compromised in some settings indicating that there may be long-term implications for students as they express a reluctance to attend the new school, an increased sense of anomie and a lack of interest in learning. The reorganisation workload and stress reported by the BoT and teachers is significant and took a toll on personal wellbeing. The responsibility and workload far exceeded the expectation of the board of trustees as unpaid volunteers. The participants described the Ministry decision as "imposed" which failed to take into account the existing tensions within the community resulting in a sense of dissonance between government and community.

"January 2003"<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-204)<br>xx, 204 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 2003

Sidney Coleman (1937–2007) earned his doctorate at Caltech under Murray Gell-Mann. Before completing his thesis, he was hired by Harvard and remained there his entire career. A celebrated particle theorist, he is perhaps best known for his brilliant lectures, given at Harvard and in a series of summer school courses at Erice, Sicily. Three times in the 1960s he taught a graduate course on Special and General Relativity; this book is based on lecture notes taken by three of his students and compiled by the Editors.

Innovation technology development and commercialization are not new, but this is a hot topic in this decade in Hong Kong. The relevant researches are focused on two dimensions from research and development (R&amp;D) technologist perspective (supply-side) and industry user perspective (demand-side). This is a part of the author's engineering doctorate thesis. The thesis title is “An Analysis of the Determinants of Innovation and Technology Fund (ITF) R&amp;D Projects Commercialization in Hong Kong's Logistics and Supply Chain Industries.” A pilot implementation case study has been conducted and tested, and the MSTAM methodology are workable for ITF R&amp;D project deliverables commercialization to the industry.

Innovation technology development and commercialization are not new, but this is a hot topic in this decade in Hong Kong. The relevant researches are focused on two dimensions from research and development (R&amp;D) technologist perspective (supply-side) and industry user perspective (demand-side). This is a part of the author's engineering doctorate thesis. The thesis title is “An Analysis of the Determinants of Innovation and Technology Fund (ITF) R&amp;D Projects Commercialization in Hong Kong's Logistics and Supply Chain Industries.” A pilot implementation case study has been conducted and tested, and the MSTAM methodology are workable for ITF R&amp;D project deliverables commercialization to the industry.

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the doctoral adventure of academicians working in Turkish higher education institutions within the framework of boundaryless career theory. Qualitative method was used to collect in-depth information. A two-stage process was followed in determining the participants of the study. Firstly, academicians who have completed their doctoral studies abroad will differentiate in social and human capital care, the ones who completed their doctorate in Turkey. Secondly, as the foundation of the independent identity of academicians, which is the most fundamental basis of boundaryless career theory, may change according to the institutionalization level of the universities. Participants were selected from a university with high-level institutionalization and a university with low-level institutionalization. The topics that stand out in the research can be listed as enjoyable aspects and difficulties of being an academician, competence of academics, relationship between advisor and academic career, meaning of the doctorate thesis, academic resistance.

Education on local government taken into consideration within the scope of the study was from the higher education domain offering in programs/majors in associate, bachelor, and graduate degrees in Turkey. Today, there are a number of textbooks studied in local government program, which contained 43 associate, 3 bachelors, and uncounted non-thesis or thesis master studies and a doctorate program. Therefore, it is crucially important to analyze local governments textbooks taught across these departments. Especially when significance of visual design of textbooks in student success and learning process is considered, materiality of this study could clearly be recognized. In the study, the concerned resources were accessed through library and internet, and then document analysis was carried out on masthead of textbooks and their physical and content characteristics. Also, NVivo 12 Quantitative Data Analysis Software was utilized in analysis of content characteristics.

This chapter looks at an interview with Professor Marian Małowist, which was conducted by medieval historian, Bronisław Geremek; historian of Africa, Michał Tymowski; economist and sociologist, Henryk Szlajfer; and historian of Latin America, Ryszard Stemplowski. Marian Małowist was a prominent scholar of the history of Europe, Africa, and Asia, and of the long period from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century, and the mentor of many prominent historians in Poland. Among Polish historians, he was one of the best known in the wider scholarly world. Born in 1909, he studied history at the University of Warsaw, where he wrote his doctorate and habilitation thesis. From 1949, he was a full professor at that university and also for a time worked in the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In the interview, Małowist discusses antisemitism; the relation between poverty and national structure; communism; and his experience at the University of Warsaw.

Brian Woledge (1904–2002), a Fellow of the British Academy and formerly Fielden Professor of French at University College London (UCL), devoted his professional life, with remarkable consistency of purpose, to understanding the Old French Language. As head of department at UCL, he would encourage students to take options in comparative philology and in phonetics. In the pursuit of such interests, Woledge's own commitment was absolute and unwavering and he rejoiced in sharing them. In 1930, thesis completed, the young scholar contemplated his future with greater equanimity, for he was armed with his first major publication, a study dedicated to Paul Barbier. In 1967, Woledge was for some months Andrew Mellon Visiting Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, and three years later received an honorary doctorate from the University of Aix-en-Provence. After his retirement he was a Leverhulme Emeritus Research Fellow 1972–1973 and 1973–1974, and in 1989 was elected to Senior Fellowship of the Academy.

This paper describes a new UK initiative in the post graduate education of Engineers. The new ‘enhanced’ degree of Engineering Doctorate educates graduate Engineers in their respective technical disciplines whilst at the same time integrating the world of commerce and business into the technical decision making process. The paper describes the initial candidate selection methodology, project selection, course structure, assessment, thesis structure and outputs. The advantages of this enhanced postgraduate training are demonstrated, as are the objectives for the UK in adopting such a scheme. An example is presented from a joint Rolls Royce / Cranfield case study of the Design, Development and Product launch of a new type of Gas Turbine Instrumentation. This is set in a Gas Turbine Engineering perspective, in particular the consideration of active control of compressor surge to benefit aircraft engine fuel burn and increased flight range.

Aim/Purpose This paper investigates the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and completion time. The effects of discipline and of gaining additional support through a doctoral cohort program are also explored. Background Candidates recognize the value of building a publication track record to improve their career prospects yet are cognizant of the time it takes to publish peer-reviewed articles. In some institutions or disciplines, there is a policy or the expectation that doctoral students will publish during their candidature. How-ever, doctoral candidates are also under increasing pressure to complete their studies within a designated timeframe. Thus, some candidates and faculty perceive the two requirements – to publish and to complete on time – as mutually exclusive. Furthermore, where candidates have a choice in the format that the PhD submission will take, be it by monograph, PhD-by-publication, or a hybrid thesis, there is little empirical evidence available to guide the decision. This pa-per provides a quantitative analysis of the association between publishing during candidature and time-to-degree and investigates other variables associated with doctoral candidate research productivity and efficiency. Methodology Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors (discipline [field of research], gender, age group, domestic or international student status, and belonging to a cohort program) of doctoral candidate research productivity and efficacy. Research productivity was quantified by the number of peer-reviewed journal articles that a candidate published as a primary author during and up to 24 months after thesis submission. Efficacy (time-to-degree) was quantified by the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) years of candidature. Data on 1,143 doctoral graduates were obtained from a single Australian university for the period extending from 2000 to 2020. Complete publication data were available on 707 graduates, and time-to-degree data on 664 graduates. Data were drawn from eight fields of research, which were grouped into the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. Contribution This paper addresses a gap in empirical literature by providing evidence of the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and time-to-degree in the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. The paper also adds to the body of evidence that demonstrates the value of belonging to a cohort pro-gram for doctoral student outcomes. Findings There is a significant association between the number of articles published and median time-to-degree. Graduates with the highest research productivity (four or more articles) exhibited the shortest time-to-degree. There was also a significant association between discipline and the number of publications published during candidature. Gaining additional peer and research-focused support and training through a cohort program was also associated with higher research productivity and efficiency compared to candidates in the same discipline but not in receipt of the additional support. Recommendations for Practitioners While the encouragement of candidates to both publish and complete within the recommended doctorate timeframe is recommended, even within disciplines characterized by high levels of research productivity, i.e., where publishing during candidature is the “norm,” the desired levels of student research productivity and efficiency are only likely to be achieved where candidates are provided with consistent writing and publication-focused training, together with peer or mentor support. Recommendations for Researchers Publishing peer-reviewed articles during doctoral candidature is shown not to adversely affect candidates’ completion time. Researchers should seek writing and publication-focused support to enhance their research productivity and efficiency. Impact on Society Researchers have an obligation to disseminate their findings for the benefit of society, industry, or practice. Thus, doctoral candidates need to be encouraged and supported to publish as they progress through their candidature. Future Research The quantitative findings need to be followed up with a mixed-methods study aimed at identifying which elements of publication and research-focused sup-port are most effective in raising doctoral candidate productivity and efficacy.

One of the first nuclear engineering programs in the United States was established at Virginia Tech in the mid-1950’s and continued until the mid-1980’s when it was abandoned due to a drop both in student interest and government support. In 2006, as a result of interest shown by the nuclear industry in Virginia, discussions were undertaken that led to the approval to offer Master’s and Doctorate Degrees in nuclear engineering in 2013. In parallel with these efforts, we began teaching undergraduate courses in anticipation of offering a minor in nuclear engineering to all Virginia Tech engineering and science students. Currently we have 140 undergraduate students taking nuclear engineering classes, nuclear engineering undergraduate research hours, and participating in nuclear-engineering-related senior design activities. Our program has been conceived and designed with the objective of providing the nuclear engineering workforce required to address the most important nuclear-related issues of our time including: enhancing the safe and productive use of nuclear energy; contributing to the development of advanced technologies for national and international nuclear security and safeguards; developing advanced medical devices for nuclear diagnostics and therapy; and the establishment of effective policies for the utilization of nuclear energy and its regulation. The Master’s degree program involves 7 courses and the equivalent of two semesters of thesis research for a total of 30 credit hours. The PhD program, which builds on the Master’s degree program, requires 5 additional courses, and the equivalent of 4 semesters of dissertation research for a total of 60 credit hours beyond the Master’s degree. The curriculum is supported by a rigorous, benchmarked assessment and evaluation process to assure that the goals of the program are attained. Currently five faculty members support the nuclear engineering program, and typical total enrollment in our graduate programs runs between 35 and 50 students. When we reach full strength, with the addition of two more nuclear engineering faculty members, we expect to be graduating 12 Master’s students and 7 PhD students per year.