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1
Allegrezza, William, ed. From moria: Equations, including #1, thesis statement. moria, 2010.
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2
Get'man, Viktor, Ol'ga Rozhnova, Svetlana Grishkina, et al. International Financial Reporting Standards. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1147319.
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The textbook analyzes the system of international financial reporting Standards (IFRS): its principles, formation, advantages and feasibility of implementation.
 All IFRS are considered: presentation of financial statements; inventories; statement of cash flows; accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors; contracts, etc. The financial lease is also reflected in the lessee's statements under RAS and IFRS, etc.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 For students studying in the areas of "Economics" and "Management", as well as for everyone who wants to improve their level in the field of preparing consolidated financial statements.
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Moore, Kathleen Muller. Techniques for college writing: Techniques for college writing: the thesis statement and beyond. Cengage Learning, 2011.
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1961-, Pokoyski Dietmar, ed. Homework: Scores & statements & notes for akshuns, 1976-2000. Krash, 2000.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Statement of justification: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a statement of justification. U.S. G.P.O., 2000.
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6
Bagnoli, Luca, and Massimo Cini, eds. La cooperazione sociale nell'area metropolitana fiorentina. Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-415-6.
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This study proposes a reading of the financial statements of co-operatives operating within the Florentine metropolitan area, with a view to underscoring business aspects of a quantitative and monetary nature. The entrepreneurial nature of the co-operatives is taken as read, focusing as with any other corporate entity on assets and economic results as indicators of success. The financial statements were collected from co-operatives with their registered offices in the provinces of Florence, Prato and Pistoia for the financial years 2004-2007, and the accounts were then aggregated, reclassified and analysed. The observations on the resulting data are then broken down by province and by type of co-operative (A or B).
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Bosi, Filippo, Paolina Ferrulli, and Elisabetta Fossi, eds. Looking to methods and tools for the Research in Design and Architectural Technology. Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-848-4.
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The volume presents the research experience of young researchers and PhD candidates, dealing with the Italian scientific area 08-C1 (Design and Technology of Architecture), with a discussion about scientific issues and methodologies applied. The aim is to express the methodological and investigation features of the issues faced by the researchers, along with the effectiveness of their researches design, giving the reader an immediate overview of the 08-C1 doctoral experience. Beside young researchers statements as witnesses of this research path, the volume collects professors critical contribution, to enrich the comprehensive picture of the progression and methodologies of the doctoral researches presented.
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Lawrence W, Newman. Part VII Witnesses and Perjury, 18 Cross-Examination of Fact Witness Statements in International Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0019.
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This chapter discusses cross-examination of witness statements in international arbitration. The direct testimonies of witnesses in international arbitration are increasingly being presented in the form of their written statements-called ‘witness statements’. Some witness statements can be fairly innocuous, perhaps referring to or commenting on documents in the record. Others, however, not only touch on certain subject-matter areas, leaving out areas that are harmful to a party’s case, but they may also distort accounts of certain meetings or other events, or even lie about them. Such statements, if left alone and taken seriously by the tribunal, have a deleterious effect on the case of the opposing party, and must therefore be dealt with by assessing the ways in which a harmful statement by a fact witness may be responded to.
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Jonas, Silvia. Modal Structuralism and Theism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796732.003.0009.
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Drawing an analogy between modal structuralism about mathematics and theism, this chapter offers a structuralist account that implicitly defines theism in terms of three basic relations: logical and metaphysical priority, and epistemic superiority. On this view, statements like “God is omniscient” have a hypothetical and a categorical component. The hypothetical component provides a translation pattern according to which statements in theistic language are converted into statements of second-order modal logic. The categorical component asserts the logical possibility of the theism structure on the basis of uncontroversial facts about the physical world. This structuralist reading of theism preserves objective truth-values for theistic statements while remaining neutral on the question of ontology. Thus, it offers a way of understanding theism to which a naturalist cannot object, and it accommodates the fact that religious belief, for many theists, is an essentially relational matter.
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Krylova, Elvira. COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS OF MODAL PARTICLES IN DANISH. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2532.978-5-317-06730-4.
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The book focuses on the functional semantics of modal Danish particles in statements varying in structure and lexical content. A comprehensive classification of modal particles, groups of particles and their pragmasemantic invariants is presented based on their speech functions. The functional-semantic analysis enabled to identify the communicative and interactive role of particles which are the most subjective units of the Danish language capable of conveying the subtlest nuances of the speaker's attitude to his own statement, to the interlocutor, to the real situation, or specifying speaker's overt and covert communicative intentions and attitudes. The book is addressed to teachers and researchers of the Scandinavian languages, supporters of the anthropocentric approach in language studies, specialists in the fi of pragmatics and functional grammar of Germanic and Russian languages, as well as to students at humanities colleges and universities.
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Otgaar, Henry, and Mark L. Howe. When Spontaneous Statements Should Not Be Trusted. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190612016.003.0004.
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Statements provided by eyewitnesses and victims have a paramount role in legal cases. Such statements are often the only piece of evidence in criminal trials, hence it is vital to understand how reliable these statements are. This chapter provides an overview of the latest work on how statements can be infected by spontaneous false memories. It first shows that statements that arise spontaneously and without any external suggestive pressure contain a high degree of accuracy. However, the chapter then shows that spontaneous statements can also lead to memory errors, especially when during the experience of an event associations are made concerning the experience. Interestingly, this chapter presents new evidence that when this idea of associative activation is taken into account, adults are more susceptible to the formation of spontaneous and suggestion-induced false memories than children.
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Keane, Adrian, and Paul McKeown. 13. Hearsay admissible at common law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811855.003.0013.
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This chapter considers the following categories of hearsay: statements in public documents, works of reference, evidence of age, evidence of reputation, and statements forming part of the res gestae, statements which are admissions made by an agent of a defendant. All of these categories were established at common law as exceptions to the rule against hearsay, and all of them have been preserved by statute. All of the cases considered, apart from evidence of age and res gestae statements, have been expressly preserved and given statutory force in both criminal proceedings and civil proceedings (by s 7(2) and (3) of the Civil Evidence Act 1995).
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Fine, Kit. The World of Truth-Making. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792161.003.0003.
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This chapter considers a number of different ways to develop a semantics in which statements are evaluated at partial possibilities rather than possible worlds. These include the exact version of truth-maker semantics in which truth-makers are wholly relevant to the statements they make true, the inexact version in which they are relevant, but not necessarily wholly relevant, to the statements they make true, and the loose version, in which they need only necessitate the statements they make true, regardless of relevance. The chapter explores the question of how these different semantical schemes are related; and it argues for the surprising conclusion that classical logic can only be properly accommodated within the ‘relevantist’ version of these approaches by allowing possible worlds to be among the partial possibilities. Thus, whatever reasons there might be for adopting such a semantics, they should not include a distaste for possible worlds.
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Mike, Meiré, ed. Steven Gontarski, Marc Quinn, Thomas Rentmeister: Statements 7. Revolver, 2005.
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15
Domínguez, Virginia R., and Jane C. Desmond, eds. Seyed Mohammad Marandi on Schatz and Shorbagy. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040832.003.0017.
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This essay draws on Chomsky, and notes that for many people the term “anti-Americanism” works like a tool preventing criticism of the U.S. It argues that the term frames the narrative and helps depict sharp criticism of the U.S. as irrational and excessive. Hence, this essay appreciates Shorbagy’s statement that anti-Americanism has played a huge role in fusing the forces that became “Kefaya,” and that this Egyptian movement represents an alternative form of resistance to American empire, and yet he argues that these statements could be interpreted quite differently by different people. Marandi argues that Schatz, on the other hand, seems to believe that anti-Americanism is indeed irrational and that those who are anti-American actually blame the U.S. for problems that have little to do with America. Marandi argues that there is a big difference between the two essays, that Schatz stresses image construction while Shorbagy insists that it is U.S. policies toward the region that constitute the fundamental problem. Marandi also sees Shorbagy’s essay as stating that anti-Americanism is widespread in the region and, thereby, contradicting Schatz.
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Sime, Stuart. 32. Witness Statements, Affidavits, and Depositions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823100.003.3901.
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This chapter discusses the rules relating to the use of written evidence in civil proceedings. Under the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR), evidence given in civil trials is given primarily from the witness box, but with witness statements exchanged well before trial standing as the evidence-in-chief of the witnesses. The parties are required to exchange their witnesses’ statements in order to save time and costs at trial, and to enable the parties to evaluate the merits of their dispute with a view to settlement. Written evidence in support of interim applications can be given by a variety of different methods, but the principal means is by way of signed witness statements.
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Sime, Stuart. 32. Witness statements, affidavits, and Depositions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787570.003.3901.
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This chapter discusses the rules relating to the use of written evidence in civil proceedings. Under the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR), evidence given in civil trials is given primarily from the witness box, but with witness statements exchanged well before trial standing as the evidence-in-chief of the witnesses. The parties are required to exchange their witnesses’ statements in order to save time and costs at trial, and to enable the parties to evaluate the merits of their dispute with a view to settlement. Written evidence in support of interim applications can be given by a variety of different methods, but the principal means is by way of signed witness statements.
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Sime, Stuart. 32. Witness statements, affidavits, and Depositions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.3901.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses the rules relating to the use of written evidence in civil proceedings. Under the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR), evidence given in civil trials is given primarily from the witness box, but with witness statements exchanged well before trial standing as the evidence-in-chief of the witnesses. The parties are required to exchange their witnesses’ statements in order to save time and costs at trial, and to enable the parties to evaluate the merits of their dispute with a view to settlement. Written evidence in support of interim applications can be given by a variety of different methods, but the principal means is by way of signed witness statements.
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Abdul Majid, Jamaliah, Siti Seri Delima Abdul Malak, and Tan Chee Yu. Basics of consolidation of financial statements. UUM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789672210948.
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This book, Basics of Consolidation of Financial Statements, presents a step-by-step approach in learning the basics concepts in consolidation of financial statements. Rather than focusing on complex explanations and discussions, this book explains consolidation of financial statements using simple concepts. The book is intended primarily for students who are at the advanced stage of financial accounting and reporting course. To prepare consolidated financial statements, it is essential for students to equip themselves with strong understanding of the basic concepts of consolidation. Therefore, the aim of this book is to provide accounting students with a framework for learning these basic concepts in consolidation. Each chapter of the books offers examples, comprehensive illustrations, exercises and problems for students to tackle at different stages of the consolidation so that the students understanding on the concepts and techniques of consolidations is strengthened.
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Finlay, Stephen, and David Plunkett. Quasi-Expressivism about Statements of Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828174.003.0002.
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Speech and thought about what the law is commonly function in practical ways to guide or assess behavior. These functions have often been seen as problematic for legal positivism in the tradition of H.L.A. Hart. One recent response is an expressivist analysis of legal statements. This paper advances a rival, positivist-friendly account of legal statements which the authors call “quasi-expressivist”. It combines a descriptivist, “rule-relational” semantics with a pragmatic account of the expressive and practical functions of legal discourse. This approach is at least as well-equipped as expressivism to explain the practical features of “internal” legal statements and a fundamental kind of legal disagreement, while handling better “external” legal statements. The chapter develops this theory in a Hartian framework, and also argues (against Kevin Toh’s expressivist interpretation) that Hart’s own views in The Concept of Law are best reconstructed along quasi-expressivist lines.
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Shrout, Patrick, Katherine Keyes, and Katherine Ornstein. Causality and Psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199754649.001.0001.
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Part of the new American Pyschopathological Association Series. Containing contributions from leading scholars of causal thinking in epidemiology and psychopathology research, this volume is based on presentations at the ground-breaking 2008 meeting of the American Psychopathological Association. The authors explore the meaning of causal statements that are made from statistical and experimental evidence; then, they suggest novel approaches to analyze these statements and thus make them more informative and medically rigorous. The collection of chapters uniquely includes both methodological contributions and detailed assessments of how causal inferences can be made when considering research results on developmental psychopathology, clinical psychopharmacology, personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and psychiatric genetics. In analyzing causal references, the authors examine controversies surrounding various disorders and their treatment.
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Wedgwood, Ralph. The Unity of Normativity. Edited by Daniel Star. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199657889.013.2.
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What is normativity? It is argued here that normativity is best understood as a property of certain concepts: normative thoughts are those involving these normative concepts; normative statements are statements that express normative thoughts; and normative facts are the facts (if such there be) that make such normative thoughts true. Many philosophers propose that there is a single basic normative concept—perhaps the concept of a reason for an action or attitude—in terms of which all other normative concepts can be defined. It is argued here that this proposal faces grave difficulties. According to a better proposal, what these normative concepts have in common is that they have a distinctive sort of conceptual role—a reasoning-guiding conceptual role. This proposal is illustrated by a number of examples: different normative concepts differ from each other in virtue of their having different conceptual roles of this reasoning-guiding kind.
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John, Virgo. Part VII Bringing and Defending Claims, 21 Claims Investigation and Presentation. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198705956.003.0021.
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This chapter discusses the rules and procedures involved in claims investigation and presentation. These include presenting the claim, avenues for disclosure, witness statements, instructing experts, cost issues, and the creation of a Schedule of Loss.
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Reeves, John C., and Annette Yoshiko Reed. Enoch as Culture Hero. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718413.003.0003.
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This chapter gathers together a wide variety of sources which call attention to the kinds of intellectual and cultural accomplishments which are assigned to Enoch within literary works authored by Jews, Christians, and Muslims from the pre-biblical era to the Middle Ages. These include summary statements outlining a type of curriculum vitae for Enoch as well as statements about more specific achievements thematically arranged under the following categories: astronomical, astrological, and calendrical discoveries; insights into cosmological arcana; the invention of writing and contributions to book culture; traditions about the manufacture of garments; the determination of standards for weights and measures; and discoveries and writings pertaining to medicine and pharmacology.
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Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.2 Formation and authority of agents, Formation IV: Arts 2.1.17–2.1.18—Integrity of writing, Art.2.1.17. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0033.
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This commentary focuses on Article 2.1.17 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the merger clauses of a contract. The parties to international commercial transactions often insert a merger clause (‘entire agreement’, ‘integration’, or ‘four corner clause’) in their contracts. For Art 2.1.17 to apply, the contract and the merger clause must be in writing. A contract in writing which contains a clause indicating that the writing completely embodies the terms on which the parties have agreed cannot be contradicted or supplemented by evidence of prior statements or agreements. However, such statements or agreements may be used to interpret the writing. By codifying a rule on their validity and legal effects, the PICC broke fresh ground and served as a model for later projects for the harmonization of contract law.
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Baerg, Nicole. Crafting Consensus. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499488.001.0001.
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In the early 2000s, the US monetary policy committee, as well as other central banks around the world, began using “forward guidance,” or changes in their statement language, to signal policy changes. Underlying this shift toward clearer communication was the idea that more comprehensible monetary policy would lead to better economic performance and lower inflation. The first three chapters of this book argue that, rather than being a lofty goal set by altruistically motivated policy makers, transparency depends on the configuration of committee members’ preferences. Monetary policy committees that have central bankers with opposing preferences are argued to communicate more precisely compared to either a single decision maker or central bankers with more similar preferences. Precise communication is then shown to have positive effects by lowering inflation. Shifting focus and using data from the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), chapter 4 presents evidence that committees with opposing preferences use a lower share of uncertainty words in policy statements and make more numerous changes to public announcements. Chapter 5 shows that households in Germany change their inflation expectations when given more precise central bank information. And chapter 6 shows that the level of precision in inflation-related news articles is negatively related to inflation in a sample of countries from Latin America. In conclusion, this book offers a new way of thinking about central bank committees and transparency. It finds that appointing a more policy-diverse central bank committee can encourage intercommittee governance and accountability as well as better economic performance.
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Lupton, Danielle L. Reputation for Resolve. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747717.001.0001.
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How do reputations form in international politics? What influence do these reputations have on the conduct of international affairs? This book takes a new approach to answering these enduring and hotly debated questions by shifting the focus away from the reputations of countries and instead examining the reputations of individual leaders. It argues that new leaders establish personal reputations for resolve that are separate from the reputations of their predecessors and from the reputations of their states. The book finds that leaders acquire personal reputations for resolve based on their foreign policy statements and behavior. It shows that statements create expectations of how leaders will react to foreign policy crises in the future and that leaders who fail to meet expectations of resolute action face harsh reputational consequences. The book challenges the view that reputations do not matter in international politics. In sharp contrast, it shows that the reputations for resolve of individual leaders influence the strategies statesmen pursue during diplomatic interactions and crises, and delineates specific steps policymakers can take to avoid developing reputations for irresolute action. The book demonstrates that reputations for resolve do exist and can influence the conduct of international security. Thus, it reframes our understanding of the influence of leaders and their rhetoric on crisis bargaining and the role reputations play in international politics.
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Azzouni, Jody. Deflationist Truth. Edited by Michael Glanzberg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557929.013.18.
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A taxonomy of theories of truth is provided. Two versions of deflationist theories of “true” are distinguished, T-schema deflationism and semantic-descent deflationism. These are distinguished from a deflationist theory of truth-ascription, and distinguished in turn from a deflationist theory of truths—a view that the various truths share no significant property. Opposed to these deflationist positions are various substantivalist truth theories. It is suggested that the semantic-descent deflationist theory of “true” and the deflationist theory of truths are correct, although the considerations that support or attack these different deflationist theories are largely independent of one another. A deflationist theory of truth-ascription is denied, however. Sometimes statements do attribute a truth-property to a set of statements. The chapter ends with an evaluation of the cases where supplementing a formal language with a truth predicate is not conservative. It is argued that these cases do not bear on debates about truth deflationism.
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Holbrook, Donald, and Cerwyn Moore. Al-Qaeda 2.0. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190856441.001.0001.
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On 16 June 2011, three days before his sixtieth birthday, Ayman al-Zawahiri was declared the new leader of Al-Qaeda, replacing the fallen Osama bin Laden. The veteran Egyptian jihadist had little of his predecessor's charisma and enjoyed much less popularity, respect and celebrity. Yet, as scores of jihadi commanders from different organizations have succumbed to their enemies' missiles, bombs and bullets, Zawahiri has soldiered on. His tenure as Al-Qaeda's leader has been marked by some of its darkest and most challenging moments, which have threatened the viability and future of Al-Qaeda's central leadership. The gravest such development has been the emergence of Islamic State as a separate and rival jihadist entity. The best way to gauge Zawahiri's response to these threats is by studying the official statements and public communiqués that he has issued since taking the reins. This book provides the reader with professional translations of Zawahiri's key statements during his first five years as leader of Al-Qaeda. These official communications are introduced and contextualized to provide the reader with a comprehensive sourcebook, outlining the Al-Qaeda leadership's stance on the challenges to its existence since the death of bin Laden.
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Meyers, Karin L. The Dynamics of Intention, Freedom, and Habituation according to Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakos´abhās.ya. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499778.003.0013.
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In the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya Vasubandhu insists that karma is nothing other than intention (cetanā). Ancient and modern interpreters alike have taken this and similar Buddhist statements to imply a thorough psychologization of karma or a radically intentionalist ethics, but this does not fit Vasubandhu’s or Buddhists’ typically realist and objectivist understandings of karma and its results. Some modern thinkers have further interpreted these statements to imply that karma is voluntary and deliberate or that free will and moral responsibility are central features of Buddhist ethical theory. This essay examines Vasubandhu’s theory of karma and intention, demonstrating that although his theory has implications for the voluntary and deliberate nature of karma and can accommodate some variety of free will, his concerns about intention do not map as easily onto Western ethical theory as some interpreters have presumed.
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McKitrick, Jennifer. The Failure of Conceptual Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717805.003.0002.
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Dispositions are often regarded with suspicion. Consequently, some philosophers try to semantically reduce disposition ascriptions to sentences containing only non-dispositional vocabulary. Typically, reductionists attempt to analyze disposition ascriptions in terms of conditional statements. These conditional statements, like other modal claims, are often interpreted in terms of possible worlds semantics. However, conditional analyses are subject to a number of problems and counterexamples, including random coincidences, void satisfaction, masks, antidotes, mimics, altering, and finks. Some analyses fail to reduce disposition ascriptions to non-modal vocabulary. If reductive analysis of disposition ascriptions fails, then perhaps there can be metaphysical reduction of dispositions without semantic reduction. However, the reductionist still owes us an account of what makes disposition ascriptions true. But to posit a causal power for every unreduced dispositional predicate is an overreaction to the failure of conceptual analysis.
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Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. Sentence Types. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.8.
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“Declarative,” “interrogative,” and “imperative” are grammatical labels, while “statement,” “command,” and “question” describe type of speech act. The major sentence types correspond to these types, and are found in every language. There are also minor, less well-described types, such as exclamatives. Boundaries between sentence types are not water-tight. A command can be phrased using a statement, or as a question, with a difference in illocutionary force. A question may imply a statement rather than seeking information or pronounced with command intonation, and then be understood as a plea, a request, or an order. The versatility of sentence types is often rooted in cultural conventions and strategies of “saving face.” Speech acts reflect numerous communicative tasks, and can be mapped onto the sentence types in a specific way. The number of sentence types in a given language is finite, while the number of potential communicative tasks can be open-ended.
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Snyder, C. R., and Kimberley Mann Pulvers. Copers Coping with Stress. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195130447.003.0014.
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This chapter explores factors undermining effective coping processes and develops these ideaswithin the avoidance route in the proposed model. It also discusses factors enhancing the coping process, and evaluates thesefrom an approach viewpoint. Lastly, the chapter considersa broader context for coping, makes recommendations for improving coping, and provides briefconcluding statements about this research area.
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Probert, Philomen. Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841609.001.0001.
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Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent offers a fresh perspective on a long-standing debate about the value of Latin grammarians writing about the Latin accent: should the information they give us be taken seriously, or should much of it should be dismissed as copied mindlessly from Greek sources? This book focuses on understanding the Latin grammarians on their own terms: what do they actually say about accents, and what do they mean by it? Careful examination of Greek and Latin grammatical texts leads to a better understanding of the workings of Greek grammatical theory on prosody, and of its interpretation in the Latin grammatical tradition. It emerges that Latin grammarians took over from Greek grammarians a system of grammatical description that operated on two levels: an abstract level that we are not supposed to be able to hear, and the concrete level of audible speech. The two levels are linked by a system of rules. Some points of Greek thought on prosody were taken over onto the abstract level and not intended as statements about the actual sound of Latin, while other points were so intended. This book largely sets aside the question whether the Latin grammarians tell us the truth about the Latin accent, focusing instead on understanding what they actually say. But it begins to offer some answers for those wishing to know when to ‘believe’ Latin grammarians in the traditional sense, by showing which of their statements are intended—and which are not intended—as statements about the actual sound of Latin.
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Sime, Stuart. 30. Striking Out, Discontinuance, and Stays. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823100.003.3500.
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This chapter discusses striking-out orders, discontinuance, and stays in civil proceedings. Rule 3.4(2) of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) allows the court to strike out a statement of case if it appears to the court: that the statement of case discloses no reasonable grounds for bringing or defending the claim; that the statement of case is an abuse of the court’s process or is otherwise likely to obstruct the just disposal of the proceedings; or that there has been a failure to comply with a rule, practice direction, or court order. A party who realizes their case is doomed is often best advised to discontinue to prevent the accumulation of further costs, but often has to pay the costs of the other parties to date. Stays are temporary halts in proceedings, and can be granted for a range of reasons. A stay is normally lifted once the reason no longer applies.
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Sime, Stuart. 30. Striking out, discontinuance, and stays. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787570.003.3500.
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This chapter discusses striking-out orders, discontinuance, and stays in civil proceedings. Rule 3.4(2) of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) allows the court to strike out a statement of case if it appears to the court: that the statement of case discloses no reasonable grounds for bringing or defending the claim; that the statement of case is an abuse of the court’s process or is otherwise likely to obstruct the just disposal of the proceedings; or that there has been a failure to comply with a rule, practice direction, or court order. A party who realizes their case is doomed is often best advised to discontinue to prevent the accumulation of further costs, but often has to pay the costs of the other parties to date. Stays are temporary halts in proceedings, and can be granted for a range of reasons. A stay is normally lifted once the reason no longer applies.
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Sime, Stuart. 30. Striking out, discontinuance, and stays. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.3500.
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This chapter discusses striking-out orders, discontinuance, and stays in civil proceedings. Rule 3.4(2) of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) allows the court to strike out a statement of case if it appears to the court: that the statement of case discloses no reasonable grounds for bringing or defending the claim; that the statement of case is an abuse of the court’s process or is otherwise likely to obstruct the just disposal of the proceedings; or that there has been a failure to comply with a rule, practice direction, or court order. A party who realizes their case is doomed is often best advised to discontinue to prevent the accumulation of further costs, but often has to pay the costs of the other parties to date. Stays are temporary halts in proceedings, and can be granted for a range of reasons. A stay is normally lifted once the reason no longer applies.
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Briggs, Andrew, Hans Halvorson, and Andrew Steane. The struggle is nothing new. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808282.003.0015.
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The question of tension between scientific study and religious commitment is examined through two historic examples: the impact of Aristotelian physics on thirteenth-century Europe, and the motion of the Earth argued by Copernicus and Galileo. Aristotelian physics was constructed from ideas around change, form, and substance, which together implied the physical universe must have existed into the infinite past. This conflicted with religious ideas about time itself having been brought into being in the finite past. Bonaventure wished to reject Aristotelian science, but others such as Averroes and Aquinas adopted a more nuanced view, in which the meaning of statements is to be drawn with reference to their context. Something similar happened in the resolution of the seventeenth-century dispute about Earth’s motion. From the perspective of Einstein’s General Relativity, statements about motion, including accelerated motion, are never absolute but always relative to frame of reference.
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Kaveny, Cathleen. Compassionate Respect and Victims’ Voices. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190612290.003.0005.
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This chapter inaugurates a dialogue between the writings of feminist ethicist Margaret Farley on love and justice and the debate surrounding the use of victim impact statements in criminal sentencing. That debate instantiates the tension between love’s call for particularized justice, on the one hand, and the demands of fairness expressed in the application of general norms. The debate also raises the question how far justice (or love) can depart from equal regard. Victim impact statements regularly include moving accounts of grief, anger, and loss. Yet their widespread use in sentencing can have troublesome consequences. Such use risks suggesting, for example, that the murder of a much beloved pillar of the city should be punished more severely than the murder of a homeless person. An essential question is whether it is possible to take into account the particularities of victims’ lives without valuing the lives of some victims more than others.
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Smith, Jennifer J. The Persistence of Place. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423939.003.0003.
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Building on correspondence, essays, and public statements, the second chapter examines the ongoing significance of place to contemporary cycles. Although Winesburg, Ohio did not originate the genre, it has had the most enduring and wide influence on cycles in recent decades, a period which has seen the resurgence of the cycle because community itself is being reimagined in response to the volatility of the economy. This chapter focus on texts whose authors explicitly cite Anderson’s influence: Russell Banks’s Trailerpark (1981), Cathy Day’s The Circus in Winter (2004), and Rebecca Barry’s Later, at the Bar (2007). Anderson hails Winesburg as enabling “a new looseness” in fiction; that sense of novelty and innovation recurs in authors’ statements about reading Winesburg for the first time, citing its transformative and revelatory power. These contemporary writers narrow even within the small town settings to focus on a particular, marginalized population, thereby amplifying the pervasiveness of alienation in contemporary America.
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Parfit, Derek. Railton’s Defence of Soft Naturalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778608.003.0006.
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This chapter provides a counterpoint to arguments from the previous chapters. One such argument is that naturalists cannot defend their view by appealing to scientific analogies, such as the fact that heat is molecular kinetic energy. The chapter maintains that Soft naturalists cannot defend their claim that, though true normative beliefs would be about natural facts, these beliefs would help us to make good decisions and to act well. In answering this statement, the chapter suggests that these naturalists might appeal to the complex roles or job descriptions that certain natural properties might fulfil. The chapter, however, argues that this reply to the Triviality Objection does not succeed.
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Levy, Benjamin R. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199381999.003.0001.
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Ligeti’s belief that “technique and imagination influence one another in a constant interchange” guided his development through the 1950s and 60s. The introduction explains the book’s methodology, which uses sketch study to look at this creative interchange, placing analytical observations alongside Ligeti’s written statements in their historical context. Rather than aiming for “definitive” analyses, this book aims for parallel discoveries in the composer’s prose, sketches, and finished scores, which augment one another and lead to an enriched appreciation of these already multifaceted works. The introduction also previews many of the historical developments discussed in the following chapters, including the influences of modernist and postmodernist trends in composition on the developments in rhythm, pitch, and timbre that became characteristic of Ligeti during these years.
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Rahimi, Kazem. Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy). Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0106.
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Cardiomyopathy is defined as disease of heart muscle, and typically refers to diseases of ventricular myocardium. A consensus statement of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases, published in 2007, abandoned the inconsistent and rather arbitrary classification into primary and secondary causes and based its classification on ventricular morphology and function only. This classification distinguishes five types of cardiomyopathy: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and unclassified cardiomyopathies (such as takotsubo cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction). Each category is further subdivided into familial and non-familial causes. In a departure from the 1995 WHO classification, the ESC consensus statement excludes myocardial dysfunction caused by coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease, and congenital heart disease from the definition of cardiomyopathy. The rationale for this was to highlight the differences in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of these common diseases, and to make the new classification system more acceptable for the routine clinical use. In contrast to the American Heart Association scientific statement, the ESC definition does not consider channelopathies as cardiomyopathies. The sections on cardiomyopathy in this chapter are based on the ESC definition, with a brief reference to channelopathies.
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Carlson, Matt. Media Culpas: Prewar Reporting Mistakes at the New York Times and Washington Post. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252035999.003.0002.
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This chapter looks at how two newspapers used unnamed sources in reports leading up to the invasion of Iraq in March 2003. When Iraq's weapons of mass destruction failed to materialize, critics on the left and from within journalism chastised the New York Times and Washington Post for overly credulous, unnamed source-laden investigative reporting appearing on their front pages in the buildup to the war. The newspapers responded by revisiting their unnamed sourcing practices, but not until more than a year after the invasion. These self-assessments generated attention around two problems negatively impacting prewar coverage: the calculated press management strategies of the Bush administration, and the willingness of the competing newspapers to reproduce official statements anonymously. The complex problems marking the journalist-unnamed source exchange come to light through these efforts to attach blame both to the sources and the journalists.
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Rao, Rahul. Out of Time. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865511.001.0001.
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Between 2009 and 2014, an anti-homosexuality law circulating in the Ugandan parliament attracted global attention for the draconian nature of its provisions and for the involvement of US anti-gay evangelical Christians who were reported to have lobbied for its passage. This book makes three contributions to our understanding of these developments. First, it offers an account of the international relations that anticipated and followed the Anti Homosexuality Act. Journeying through encounters between the kingdom of Buganda and British colonialism, between the Ugandan state and its international donors, and between LGBTI activists in the global South and North, the book illuminates the frictional collaborations across geopolitical divides that produce and contest contemporary queerphobias. Second, it explores the dialectic produced by two opposed statements that mark queer postcolonial disagreements—‘homosexuality is Western’ and ‘homophobia is Western’. Arguing that both statements are plausible but evasive, the book demonstrates how their opposition produces distinctive forms of temporal politics in the queer postcolony. In this register, the book explores the afterlives of colonialism and the queer futures enabled by it in Uganda, India, and Britain. Third, in shifting the scenes of encounter that it investigates from one chapter to the next, the book reveals how queerness mutates in different configurations of power to become a metonym for other categories such as nationality, religiosity, race, class, and caste. It argues that these mutations reveal the grammars forged in the originary violence of the state and social institutions in which queer difference struggles to find place.
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Sime, Stuart. 31. Disclosure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823100.003.3648.
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The Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) require the parties to give advance notice to their opponents of all the material documentation in their control. This is done in two stages. At the first stage the parties send each other lists of documents, a process called ‘disclosure’. The second stage is ‘inspection’, which is the process by which the other side can request copies of documents appearing in the list of documents, typically with photocopies being provided by the disclosing party. This chapter discusses these processes. It covers lawyers’ and clients’ responsibilities; the stage when disclosure takes place; disclosure orders; standard disclosure; menu option disclosure; duty to search; list of documents; privilege; inspection; orders in support of disclosure; documents referred to in statements of case, etc.; admission of authenticity; and collateral use.
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Sime, Stuart. 31. Disclosure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787570.003.3648.
Full textAbstract:
The Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) require the parties to give advance notice to their opponents of all the material documentation in their control. This is done in two stages. At the first stage the parties send each other lists of documents, a process called ‘disclosure’. The second stage is ‘inspection’, which is the process by which the other side can request copies of documents appearing in the list of documents, typically with photocopies being provided by the disclosing party. This chapter discusses these processes. It covers lawyers’ and clients’ responsibilities; the stage when disclosure takes place; disclosure orders; standard disclosure; menu option disclosure; duty to search; list of documents; privilege; inspection; orders in support of disclosure; documents referred to in statements of case, etc.; admission of authenticity; and collateral use.
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Sime, Stuart. 31. Disclosure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198747673.003.3648.
Full textAbstract:
The Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) require the parties to give advance notice to their opponents of all the material documentation in their control. This is done in two stages. At the first stage the parties send each other lists of documents, a process called ‘disclosure’. The second stage is ‘inspection’, which is the process by which the other side can request copies of documents appearing in the list of documents, typically with photocopies being provided by the disclosing party. This chapter discusses these processes. It covers lawyers’ and clients’ responsibilities; the stage when disclosure takes place; disclosure orders; standard disclosure; menu option disclosure; duty to search; list of documents; privilege; inspection; orders in support of disclosure; documents referred to in statements of case, etc.; admission of authenticity; and collateral use.
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Grzankowski, Alex, and Michelle Montague, eds. Non-Propositional Intentionality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732570.001.0001.
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This book is about the possibility and the prospects of making sense of non-propositional intentionality. Intentionality lies at the centre of a great deal of the philosophy of mind and, by and large, it is understood in propositional terms. Typically, the examples of intentionality deemed fundamental and the explanations of their natures rely on the idea of propositional content. But these commitments cannot go unquestioned and the (often implicit) acceptance of “propositionalism” has impeded philosophical discussion about the nature of intentionality in at least three noteworthy ways: (i) a precise statement of propositionalism has been left undeveloped; (ii) the motivations for propositionalism are rarely articulated; and (iii) apparent counterexamples and challenges to propositionalism, along with non-propositional theories of intentionality, are underexplored. The contributors to this volume explore and correct these impediments by discussing in detail what the commitment to propositionalism amounts to; by shedding light on why one might find the thesis attractive (or unattractive); and by exploring the ways in which one might depart from propositionalism.
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Perales, José C., Andrés Catena, Antonio Cándido, and Antonio Maldonado. Rules of Causal Judgment. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.6.
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Our environment is rich in statistical information. Frequencies and proportions—or their visual depictions—are pervasive in the media, and frequently used to support or weaken causal statements, or to bias people’s beliefs in a given direction. The topic of this chapter is how people integrate naturally available frequencies and probabilities into judgments of the strength of the link between a candidate cause and an effect. We review studies investigating various rules that have been claimed to underlie intuitive causal judgments. Given that none of these rules has been established as a clear winner, we conclude presenting a tentative framework describing the general psychological processes operating when people select, ponder, and integrate pieces of causally-relevant evidence with the goal of meeting real-life demands.