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Journal articles on the topic 'Thin film composition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

HE, GANG, CHAO PENG, MINGZHONG HE, JIANHE HONG, HAIFENG LI, and YANSHENG GONG. "COMBINATORIAL PREPARATION AND FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITIONALLY GRADIENT PZT THIN FILMS." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 03 (2013): 1350036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713500367.

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Using a combinatorial synthesis process, compositionally gradient PZT thin films were conveniently prepared by a chemical solution decomposition (CSD) method. The thin films showed a perovskite structure with (111)-preferred orientation and a thickness of around 450 nm. The surface morphology and ferroelectric properties were significantly different, depending on the direction of compositional gradient. The detailed composition and gradient of the composition was seen to affect the property of compositionally gradient PZT thin films. The gradient thin film PZT654, with a Zr:Ti ratio of 6:4 at

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2

Liang, Guang Xing, Ping Fan, Zhuang Hao Zheng, et al. "CIGS Thin Film: Synthesis and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2480.

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Cu (In, Ga)Se2(CIGS) thin film was prepared by ion beam sputtering Cu, In, Se and evaporating Ga elements continuously on BK7 glass substrate and the 4-layer film was then annealed at 400 oC for 1h in the same vacuum chamber. The CIGS thin film is single-phase with chalcopyrite structure and has a preferential (112) orientation. Its elemental composition approaches the stochiometric composition ratio of 1:0.7:0.3:2 and it consists of densely packed grain clusters. An energy band gap of about 1.30 eV and an absorption coefficient of 105cm-1are obtained. Thus, an optimization of the fabrication

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3

Ramesh, K., B. Bharathi, S. Thanikaikarasan, T. Mahalingam, and P. J. Sebastian. "Growth and Characterization of Electroplated Copper Selenide Thin Films." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 16, no. 2 (2013): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v16i2.32.

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Copper Selenide thin films have been prepared on indium doped tin oxide coated conducting glass substrates from an aqueous electrolytic bath consists of CuSO4 and SeO2 using potentiostatic electrodeposition technique. Deposition mechanism has been analyzed using cyclic voltammetry. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the prepared films possess polycrystalline nature with hexagonal structure. Film composition and surface morphology showed that films with smooth surface and better stoichiometry are obtained under optimized condition. Band gap value of the deposited films is determined using op

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4

Patil, G. E., D. D. Kajale, V. B. Gaikwad, and G. H. Jain. "Spray Pyrolysis Deposition of Nanostructured Tin Oxide Thin Films." ISRN Nanotechnology 2012 (July 31, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/275872.

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Nanostructured SnO2 thin films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method. Homemade spray pyrolysis technique is employed to prepare thin films. SnO2 is wide bandgap semiconductor material whose film is deposited on glass substrate using aqueous solution of SnCl4·5H2O as a precursor. XRD (X-ray diffraction), UV (ultraviolet visible spectroscopy), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis are done for structural, optical, surface morphological, and compositional analysis. XRD analysis shows polycrystalline nature of sampl

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Klenov, D. O., W. Donner, L. Chen, A. J. Jacobson, and S. Stemmer. "Composition control of radio-frequency magnetron sputter-deposited La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−∂ thin films." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 1 (2003): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0026.

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For this paper, we used radio-frequency (rf) sputter deposition to synthesize epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−∂ (LSCO) films. We investigated the influence of sputter deposition parameters, in particular, oxygen partial pressure, plasma power, total sputter pressure, and post-deposition cooling atmosphere on film composition, microstructure, and electrical resistivity. We show that rf sputtering from a single target can produce LSCO films with La/Sr and (La + Sr)/Co ratios of unity and with low electrical resistivities of about 1 mΩ cm. Film microstructures were characterized by high-resolution trans

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Martín, M. J., J. E. Alfonso, J. Mendiola, et al. "Pulsed laser deposition of KNbO3 thin films." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 10 (1997): 2699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0359.

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The laser ablation of stationary KNbO3 single crystal targets induces a Nb enrichment of the target surface. In rotated targets this effect is observed only in those areas irradiated with low laser fluence. The composition of the plasma formed close to the target surface is congruent with the target composition; however, at further distances K-deficient films are formed due to the preferential backscattering of K in the plasma. This loss may be compensated for by using K-rich ceramic targets. Best results so far have been obtained with [K]/[Nb] = 2.85 target composition, and crystalline KNbO3

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7

Czekaj, Dionizy, and Agata Lisińska-Czekaj. "Piezoresponse force microscopy and dielectric spectroscopy study of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 09, no. 03 (2019): 1950025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x19500255.

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Research on synthesis, characterization and determination of processing — structure — property relationships of commercially important ferroelectric thin films has been performed. The sol–gel type solution deposition technique was applied to produce good quality thin films of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TiO3 (BST60/40) chemical composition on the stainless steel substrates. The thin films were characterized in terms of their microstructure, crystal structure, phase composition, piezoelectric and dielectric properties. It was found that the BST60/40 thin film adopted the cubic structu

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8

RODRÍGUEZ-LAZCANO, Y., M. T. S. NAIR, and P. K. NAIR. "CuxSbySz THIN FILMS PRODUCED BY ANNEALING CHEMICALLY DEPOSITED Sb2S3-CuS THIN FILMS." Modern Physics Letters B 15, no. 17n19 (2001): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984901002257.

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The possibility of generating ternary compounds through annealing thin film stacks of binary composition has been demonstrated before. In this work we report a method to produce large area coating of ternary compounds through a reaction in solid state between thin films of Sb2S3 and CuS. Thin films of Sb2S3 -CuS were deposited on glass substrates in the sequence of Sb2S3 followed by CuS (on Sb2S3 ) using chemical bath deposition method. The multilayer stack, thus produced, of approximately 0.5 μm in thickness, where annealed under nitrogen and argon atmospheres at different temperatures to pro

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9

Vidu, Predescu, Matei, et al. "Template-Assisted Co-Ni Nanowire Arrays." Nanomaterials 9, no. 10 (2019): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101446.

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A comparison was performed between Co-Ni thin films and template-assisted nanowires arrays obtained by electrochemical co-deposition. To reduce the effects of anomalous deposition and increase the Ni content in the deposit, an electrolyte with three times more Ni than Co in atomic ratio was chosen. Electrochemical deposition was performed at constant potentials chosen in the range from E = −0.8 to −1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and charge stripping techniques were used to characterize and compare the electrochemical behavior of Co-Ni films and nanowires. Morphologic

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10

Wayner, P. C., C. Y. Tung, M. Tirumala, and J. H. Yang. "Experimental Study of Evaporation in the Contact Line Region of a Thin Film of Hexane." Journal of Heat Transfer 107, no. 1 (1985): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3247376.

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The transport processes in the contact line region (junction of evaporating thin liquid film, vapor, and substrate) of stationary steady-state evaporating thin films of hexane with various bulk compositions were studied experimentally. The substrate temperature distribution and liquid film thickness profile were measured, analyzed, and compared with previous results on other systems. The results demonstrate that small changes in the bulk composition significantly alter the characteristics of the transport processes in the contact line region. The curvature gradient at the liquid-vapor interfac

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11

Choi, Ji Won, Chong Yun Kang, Jin Sang Kim, Seok Jin Yoon, Hyun Jai Kim, and R. B. vanDover. "A High Throughput Search of Dielectric Thin Films for Tunable Devices." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 2351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2351.

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The dielectric properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BSTO) and Zr doped BSTO thin films have been investigated to identify candidate thin film dielectric materials having low dielectric loss without degradation of the tunability by continuous composition spread (CCS) technique using off-axis rf magnetron sputtering. The optimized properties of BSTO thin films deposited on Pt/SiO2/Si substrate by CCS were dielectric loss 0.031, tunability 31.5, respectively. The optimized properties of Zr doped BSTO thin films deposited on Pt/SiO2/Si substrate by CCS were improved by dielectric loss 42%, FOM 68% at the sa

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12

Kim, Kyoo Ho, Rachmat Adhi Wibowo, Nokeun Park, Fianti, and Ersan Y. Muslih. "Investigation of Deposition Parameters Dependence on Sputtered Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ Thin Films Properties." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.143.

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Cu2ZnSnSe4(CZTSe) thin films were deposited by sputtering process using powder compacted target of CuSe, ZnSe and SnSe on Corning 1737 glass for Indium-free thin film solar cell application. Film composition,structure and properties were investigated by varying deposition parameters,such as substrate temperature,film thickness and RF power in order to deposit films with a stoichiometric composition and single phase of CZTSe. At an optimal condition of experiment,substrate temperature toward 1500C,RF power 75W, CZTSe films near stoichiometric composition with a polycrystalline stannite single p

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13

Miller, K. T., F. F. Lange, and D. B. Marshall. "The instability of polycrystalline thin films: Experiment and theory." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 1 (1990): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.0151.

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Dense polycrystalline thin films of ZrO2 (3 and 8 mol % Y2O3) were produced by the pyrolysis of zirconium acetate precursor films, which were deposited on single crystal Al2O3 substrates by spin-coating aqueous solutions of zirconium acetate and yttrium nitrate. Dense films were heat treated to encourage grain growth. With grain growth, these films broke into islands of ZrO2 grains. Identical areas were examined after each heat treatment to determine the mechanism that causes the polycrystalline film to uncover the substrate. Two mechanisms were detailed: (a) for a composition which inhibited

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14

Ji, Nian Jing, Ke Gao Liu, and Zhong Quan Ma. "The Development of CZTS Thin Films for Solar Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.237.

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CZTS thin film, a potential candidate for application as absorber layer in thin film solar cells, has drawn much attention in these years due to its excellent photoelectric performance and nontoxic components. It provides a brief description of the development of CZTS thin film for solar cells, and surveys several methods of depositing CZTS films, then introduces the crystal structure of CZTS which is a problem for composition ratio affecting the properties of CZTS thin films. Here we also outline the development and the structure of solar cells based on CZTS thin films.

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15

Drehman, A. J., M. W. Dumais, J. A. Horrigan, G.-C. Wang, and Y.-F. Liew. "Near-surface stoichiometry of high temperature superconducting YBaCuO thin films." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 7 (1990): 1392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1392.

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The surface morphology and near-surface chemical composition of high temperature superconducting Y–Ba–Cu–O thin films have been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling. These films were fabricated on SrTiO3 substrates by RF diode sputter deposition and subsequent furnace annealing in oxygen. The chemical composition at and near the surface of thin films was found to differ from the bulk composition. At about 500 Å below the surface the Y, Ba, and Cu stoichiometry, as determined by AES, gradually approach that of the film interior. The

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16

van der Kley, Sani, Gabriele Goet, Anna Schmidt, Valentina Einspieler, and Steven Wagner. "Multiparameter Determination of Thin Liquid Urea-Water Films." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (2021): 8925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198925.

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In this work, wavelengths were determined for the robust and simultaneous measurement of film thickness, urea concentration and fluid temperature. Film parameters such as film thickness, film temperature and the composition of the film are typically dynamically and interdependently changing. To gain knowledge of these quantities, a measurement method is required that offers a high temporal resolution while being non-intrusive so as to not disturb the film as well as the process conditions. We propose the extension of the FMLAS method, which was previously validated for the film thickness measu

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17

Mukhopadhyay, Arun Kumar, Avishek Roy, Gourab Bhattacharjee, et al. "Surface Stoichiometry and Depth Profile of Tix-CuyNz Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering." Materials 14, no. 12 (2021): 3191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123191.

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We report the surface stoichiometry of Tix-CuyNz thin film as a function of film depth. Films are deposited by high power impulse (HiPIMS) and DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS). The composition of Ti, Cu, and N in the deposited film is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At a larger depth, the relative composition of Cu and Ti in the film is increased compared to the surface. The amount of adventitious carbon which is present on the film surface strongly decreases with film depth. Deposited films also contain a significant amount of oxygen whose origin is not fully clear. Graz

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18

Li, Juan, Cong Chun Zhang, Yan Lei Wang, Yang Gao, and Xiao Lin Zhao. "Radio Frequency (RF) Magnetron Sputtered Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) Thin Film." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.942.

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Barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films with excellent dielectric properties are deposited by on-axis RF magnetron sputtering system. The effects of composition of the target and oxygen partial pressure on the microstructure of BST thin film have been investigated. The dielectric properties of the thin films are investigated. The results show that composition of BST thin film deposited with pure argon ambient by the target with 30atm% excess of Ba and Sr is stoichiometric. Perovskite phase can be observed in the thin film annealed in oxygen at 750 °C for 30 min. A metal-insulator-metal (MIM

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19

Puttichaem, Chanida, Guilherme P. Souza, Kurt C. Ruthe, and Kittipong Chainok. "Characterization of Ultra-Thin Diamond-Like Carbon Films by SEM/EDX." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060729.

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A novel, high throughput method to characterize the chemistry of ultra-thin diamond-like carbon films is discussed. The method uses surface sensitive SEM/EDX to provide substrate-specific, semi-quantitative silicon nitride/DLC stack composition of protective films extensively used in the hard disk drives industry and at Angstrom-level. SEM/EDX output is correlated to TEM to provide direct, gauge-capable film thickness information using multiple regression models that make predictions based on film constituents. The best model uses the N/Si ratio in the films, instead of separate Si and N contr

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20

Lee, Dong Bok, and Dae Ho Yoon. "Post-Annealing Effect of SiON Thin Film in Air." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.463.

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About 2-thick, amorphous SiON thin films were deposited by the PECVD method, and heated up to 1000oC in air to study the post-annealing effect on the composition and structure of the SiON film. SiON had a strong SiO2 binding energy with a weak N-binding, so that air-annealing resulted in nitrogen escape from the film. The inwardly transported oxygen from the atmosphere was simply supersaturated inside the annealed, amorphous SiON thin film.

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21

Bruncková, H., Ľ. Medvecký, E. Múdra, et al. "Phase Composition of Samarium Niobate and Tantalate Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method." Powder Metallurgy Progress 17, no. 1 (2017): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pmp-2017-0002.

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Abstract Samarium niobate SmNbO4 (SNO) and tantalate SmTaO4 (STO) thin films (~100 nm) were prepared by sol-gel/spin-coating process on alumina substrates with PZT interlayer and annealing at 1000°C. The precursors of films were synthesized using Nb or Ta tartrate complexes. The improvement of the crystallinity of monoclinic M′-SmTaO4 phase via heating was observed through the coexistence of small amounts of tetragonal T-SmTa7O19 phase in STO precursor at 1000°C. The XRD results of SNO and STO films confirmed monoclinic M-SmNbO4 and M′-SmTaO4 phases, respectively, with traces of orthorhombic O

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22

Bysakh, Sandip, Puspendu Kumar Das, and Kamanio Chattopadhyay. "Evolution of metastable phases during crystallization of pulsed laser deposited amorphous Al–Fe films." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 2 (2003): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0040.

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Amorphous thin films of different Al–Fe compositions were produced by plasma/vapor quenching during pulsed laser deposition. The chosen compositions Al72Fe28, Al40Fe60, and Al18Fe82 correspond to Al5Fe2 and B2-ordered AlFe intermetallic compounds and α–Fe solid solution, respectively. The films contained fine clusters that increased with iron content. The sequences of phase evolution observed in the heating stage transmission electron microscopy studies of the pulsed laser ablation deposited films of Al72Fe28, Al40Fe60, and Al18Fe82 compositions showed evidence of composition partitioning duri

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23

Achenbach, Jan-Ole, Stanislav Mráz, Daniel Primetzhofer, and Jochen Schneider. "Correlative Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Angle-Resolved Composition Evolution of Thin Films Sputtered from a Compound Mo2BC Target." Coatings 9, no. 3 (2019): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030206.

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The angle-resolved composition evolution of Mo-B-C thin films deposited from a Mo2BC compound target was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Depositions were carried out by direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) in a pressure range from 0.09 to 0.98 Pa in Ar and Kr. The substrates were placed at specific angles α with respect to the target normal from 0 to ±67.5°. A model based on TRIDYN and SIMTRA was used to calculate the influence of the sputtering gas on the angular distribution function of the sputtered species at the target, their transport through the gas phase, and film

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24

S S, Omprakash, and Naveen Kumar S K. "Impact of Deposition Temperature on Amorphous Zinc Oxide Thin Film Characteristics." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 12, no. 5 (2021): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2021.05.04.

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In this paper, we discuss the deposition of amorphous zinc oxide (a: ZnO) thin film at two different temperatures by spray pyrolysis unit for Thin Film Transistor (TFT) application. The a: ZnO films were studied for its structural, morphology, composition, optical and electrical properties by means of XRD, SEM, EDAX, UV-Visible spectroscopy and I-V measurement system respectively. The film thickness characterized by optical Profilometer. The SEM images exhibit the variation in temperature leads to the crystallinity of the film. The XRD spectrum confirmed the films were amorphous in nature.

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25

SHI, W., J. SUN, W. YAO, et al. "A STUDY OF DEPOSITED YBaCuO THIN FILMS BY D.C. MAGNETRON SPUTTERING." Modern Physics Letters B 01, no. 09n10 (1988): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984988001417.

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The YBaCuO thin films with critical transition temperature above 77K (in our experiments, they are 83K) have been prepared successfully. The sintered oxides of Y, Ba and Cu with proper composition was used as target. To control the parameters during sputtering deposition processes is very important to obtain high Tc thin film. The composition and phase structure were investigated by means of X-fluoroscope, electron-probe and X-ray diffractometer. The second ions spectroscopies of film and bulk sample were investigated using SIMS. It is clear that thin films lost their oxygen more easily under

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26

Wada, Takahiro, Takayuki Negami, and Mikihiko Nishitani. "Growth defects in CuInSe2 thin films." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 3 (1994): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0658.

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CuInSe2 thin film solar cells with an efficiency of about 10% were studied with a cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The growth defects such as twins, stacking faults, and intergrowth phase in the CuInSe2 thin films were studied in detail. Polycrystalline CuInSe2 films were deposited on a Mo-coated glass substrate by using the three source evaporation system. The CuInSe2 film contains fivefold multiply twinned crystallites as well as a high density of twins in the {112} plane. The CuInSe2 film also contains intergrowth phase with a long range of periodici

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27

Lee, Si-Hyung, Jeon-Kook Lee, and Ki Hyun Yoon. "(200)-predominant Growth of Radio-frequency Sputtered SrBi2Ta2O9 Thin Films." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 6 (2002): 1455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0216.

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SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films were prepared by the radio-frequency (rf ) magnetron sputtering method on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The composition and orientation of SBT thin films were changed by the control of sputtering parameters such as pressure and rf power. As the sputtering pressure increased from 2.5 to 300 mtorr, the film was changed from Sr- and Bi-deficient SBT film to stoichiometric film. The SBT thin films with stoichiometric composition showed good electrical properties. As the rf power increased from 25 to 40 W, the Sr content decreased. However, the Bi content was maximized in th

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28

Shiman, O., V. Gerbreders, E. Sledevskis, and A. Bulanovs. "Selective Wet-Etching of Amorphous/Crystallized Sb-Se Thin Films." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 49, no. 2 (2012): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-012-0010-8.

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Selective Wet-Etching of Amorphous/Crystallized Sb-Se Thin Films The paper is focused on the development of an in situ real-time method for studying the process of wet chemical etching of thin films. The results of studies demonstrate the adequate etching selectivity for all thin film SbxSe100-x (x = 0, 20, 40, 50, 100) compositions under consideration. Different etching rates for the as-deposited and laser exposed areas were found to depend on the sample composition. The highest achieved etching rate was 1.8 nm/s for Sb40Se60 samples.

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Mao, X. L., D. L. Perry, and R. E. Russo. "Ca(1−x)NixO catalytic thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 9 (1993): 2400–2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.2400.

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Ca(1−x)NixO solid-solution films with varying stoichiometry have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition from sintered targets of NiO and CaO. X-ray diffraction data indicate that the films have the structure of sodium chloride. The lattice constants for different stoichiometries vary with film composition. Using the Madelung energy as the binding energy between anions and cations and assuming that nickel and calcium ions are distributed randomly in lattice sites, the lattice constants were calculated and found to compare with experimental results. This study investigated the compositional ch

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30

Wang, Hai Bo, Jin Yong Xu, and Wei Cai. "Surface Characteristics of Ni-Mn-Fe-Ga Sputtered Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2290.

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The Ni-Mn-Fe-Ga shape memory alloy thin film was deposited onto silicon substrates by using radio-frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering technique. Chemical composition, surface morphology and crystallographic structure were systematically investigated by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results show that the magnetron sputtering process has remarkable influence on the chemical compositions and surface characteristics of Ni-Mn-Fe-Ga alloy thin films. As the sputtering power ranging between 245W and 405W, Ni content of

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Petrovic, Suzana, Borivoje Adnadjevic, Davor Perusko, et al. "Structure and morphology of nano-sized W-Ti/Si thin films." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, no. 8-9 (2006): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0609969p.

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Thin films were deposited by d.c. sputtering onto a silicon substrate. The influence of the W-Ti thin film thickness to its structural and morphological characteristics of a nano-scale were studied. The phase composition and grain size were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the surface morphology and surface roughness were determined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The analysis of the phase composition show that the thin films had a polycrystalline structure - they were composed of a b.c.c. W phase with the presence of a h.c.p. Ti phase. The XRD peak in the scattering angle int

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32

Willis, James E. "Simultaneous Determination of the Thickness and Composition of Thin Film Samples Using Fundamental Parameters." Advances in X-ray Analysis 31 (1987): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800021972.

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The use of empirical analysis techniques for the simultaneous determination of the thickness and composition of thin film samples usually requires a suite of well characterized similar type standards. While this may be adequate for a quality control application, this requirement severely limits the utility of X-ray fluorescence in the analysis of thin films in a service lab or research environment.The use of fundamental parameters in the analysis of thin films allows the simultaneous determination of the thickness and composition of single and multiple layer thin film unknown samples without t

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Patil, M. M., K. P. Joshi, and S. B. Patil. "Studies on nanocomposites nanoplates and pervoskite nanorod thin films." YMER Digital 20, no. 12 (2021): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer20.12/27.

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Nano crystalline nickel oxide thin films of different film thickness were deposited onto glass substrate at 350 oC by varying volume of precursor solution using spray pyrolysis technique. This structural, morphological and microstructure properties were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM and TEM. The element composition was studied using EDAX. It is found that increase in the volume of sprayed solution leads to the increment in film thickness and amelioration of crystallinity of the film. The results are discussed and interpreted.

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Abdallah, Bassam, M. Kakhia, and W. Alsadat. "Deposition of TiN and TiAlVN thin films by DC magnetron sputtering." International Journal of Structural Integrity 11, no. 6 (2019): 819–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-10-2019-0105.

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Purpose TiN and TiAlVN films have been prepared by DC magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature. TiN target has been used to deposit TiN thin film under pure argon (100 percent Ar) gas. Additionally, Ti6Al4V alloy target has been used to deposit TiAlVN under nitrogen and argon gas (50 percent Ar and 50 percent N2). In this paper, two substrate types have been used: stainless steel 304 and Si(100). This analysis has confirmed that the nitride films, (TiN/Si) and TiAlVN in both cases, have been produced. Energy Depressive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) measurement confirmed that the TiN/Si wa

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Chen, Chang, Zi Liu, Gui Wang, and Xiao Feng. "Fabrication and characterization of compositionally graded Bi1−x GdxFeO3 thin films." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 3 (2014): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-014-0213-1.

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AbstractAn undoped BiFeO3 thin film, Gd doped Bi0.95Gd0.05FeO3 thin film with a constant composition, Gd up-graded doped Bi1−x GdxFeO3 and Gd down-graded doped Bi1−x GdxFeO3 thin films were successfully grown on Pt (111)/Ti/SiO2/Si (100) substrates using a sol-gel and spin coating technique. The crystal structure, ferroelectric and dielectric characteristics as well as the leakage currents of these samples were thoroughly investigated. The XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) patterns indicate that all these thin films consist of solely perovskite phase with polycrystalline structure. No other secondary ph

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Yu, Li Yang, Yang Wang, and Guo Hua Yao. "Preparation of Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Film Using Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.162.

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PZT(lead zirconate titanate) piezoelectric thin films were deposited on the glass substrates by RF (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering reaction method. The XRD(X-ray diffraction) analysis is used to characterize the structure of thin film, the pattern of EDS(energy dispersive spectrometer) shows the composition of thin film, and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) is used to study the morphologies of thin films. The influence of different sputter gas content on the crystalline quality and the surface morphology are also investigated. The results demonstrate that volatile of lead oxide is clos

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Hu, Song Bai, Rong Zhe Tang, Cai Juan Tian, et al. "The Influence of Thickness on the Properties of Sb₂Te₃ Thin Films and its Application in CdS/CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.789.

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Sb2Te3thin films with thickness of 70, 100, 300, and 600nm were co-evaporated by vacuum evaporation. These films were annealed by 423K, 473K, 523K and 573K, respectively, in the protection of N2ambient. After that, the film structures were investigated by XRD. Composition of the films was surveyed XRF and XPS. Stoichiometric Sb2Te3thin films were prepared. Then the Sb2Te3thin films were applied to CdTe thin film solar cells as back contact layer. The influence of Sb2Te3thin films thickness on the performances of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells were surveyed by light I-V characteristics and an e

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Nishitani, M., T. Negami, and T. Wada. "Composition monitoring method in CuInSe2 thin film preparation." Thin Solid Films 258, no. 1-2 (1995): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(94)06359-1.

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TSUKIOKA, MASAYUKI, TASUKU MASHIO, MASAJI SHIMAZU, and TAKESHI NAKAMURA. "FILM FABRICATION AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS THIN-FILM OF MODIFIED BNN (Ba2NaNb5O15) SYSTEM." Modern Physics Letters B 03, no. 05 (1989): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984989000625.

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For the first step of making highly aligned BNN thin-film, transparent and colorless amorphous thin-films of modified BNN system were successfully prepared either on silicon oxide layer formed on (111) plane of a polished silicon wafer of 500×0.3 mm or on polished glass ceramic plate of 50×50 mm by rf-sputtering technique. Sputtering targets, whose chemical composition was proposed by K.G. Barraclough as the congruently melting one, were used. Refractive indices and thickness of the films at several positions on these thin-films were measured by prism-coupling technique, and they were about 2.

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JIA, Q. X., D. REN, and W. A. ANDERSON. "REPRODUCIBLE TECHNIQUE FOR DEPOSITION OF Y–Ba–Cu–O THIN FILM FROM RF SPUTTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 03, no. 05 (1989): 743–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979289000555.

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The composition of Y–Ba–Cu–O thin films deposited by RF sputtering was found to depend strongly on the substrate location and accumulated sputtering time, if a stoichiometric compound target was used. The film is seriously off-stoichiometric, with Ba being deficient, and Cu and Y in excess not only for the centered substrate, but also for the off-centered substrate. However, after prolonged sputtering, stable conditions can be obtained and a right film composition achieved for the off-centered substrate. A more powerful technique for obtaining stoichiometry in as-deposited thin films can be re

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Shen, Zhi, Jian-Wu Yan, Kang Jin, Kai Fu, and Ying-Li Zhou. "Composition Regulation and Microstructure Characterization of Fe100-xGax Films in the Manufacturing Industry." Journal of Sensors 2021 (October 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6950281.

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Fe100-xGax giant magnetostrictive films (GMF) are attracting ever increasing attention for their potential application to manufacturing integrated magnetostrictive displacement sensors. However, it is difficult to fabricate Fe100-xGax thin films with different compositions at will. The influence of compositions on alloy phases, grain sizes, film surface roughness, and magnetic domains of the films and magnetization of magnetron sputtered Fe100-xGax films was investigated. Changing the ratio of the pure iron slice areas to alloy target areas, the desired film composition was achieved by the imp

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Emeka, Nwanna Charles, Patrick Ehi Imoisili, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Preparation and Characterization of NbxOy Thin Films: A Review." Coatings 10, no. 12 (2020): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121246.

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Niobium oxides (NbO, NbO2, Nb2O5), being a versatile material has achieved tremendous popularity to be used in a number of applications because of its outstanding electrical, mechanical, chemical, and magnetic properties. NbxOy films possess a direct band gap within the ranges of 3.2–4.0 eV, with these films having utility in different applications which include; optical systems, stainless steel, ceramics, solar cells, electrochromic devices, capacitor dielectrics, catalysts, sensors, and architectural requirements. With the purpose of fulfilling the requirements of a vast variety of the named

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Gaskey, C. J., K. R. Udayakumar, H. D. Chen, and I. E. Cross. "“Square” hysteresis loops in phase-switching Nb-doped lead zirconate stannate titanate thin films." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 11 (1995): 2764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.2764.

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Niobium-doped lead zirconate stannate titanate thin films have been prepared by a modified sol-gel spin on technique, utilizing the hydrolysis-resistant precursor lead acetylacetonate. Films of compositions in the antiferroelectric tetragonal and antiferroelectric orthorhombic phases were prepared and phase-switched with the application of appropriate electric fields. A distinctly “square” hysteresis response was observed in a low titanium, low tin, orthorhombic composition, with a maximum polarization, Pmax, of 40 μC/cm2 and switching field values of Ef = 175 kV/cm and Ea = 75 kV/cm, while va

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VAILLANT, L., O. VIGIL, G. CONTRERAS-PUENTE, and C. MEJÍA-GARCÍA. "OPTICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF (ZnO)x(CdO)1-x THIN FILMS." Modern Physics Letters B 15, no. 17n19 (2001): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984901002245.

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The optical and morphological properties of (ZnO)x(CdO)1-x semiconductor thin films with x composition in the range 0 □ x □ 0.5 are studied by the photoluminescence optical technique (PL), and the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The evolution of the band associated with oxygen content in the films is observed and described as a function of the film composition and the thermal annealing. The surface morphology is presented, where two different binary semiconducting species can be discerned in proportions dependent on the films composition.

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Yao, Xinyue, Mikko Vepsäläinen, Fabio Isa, Phil Martin, Paul Munroe, and Avi Bendavid. "Advanced RuO2 Thin Films for pH Sensing Application." Sensors 20, no. 22 (2020): 6432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226432.

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RuO2 thin films were prepared using magnetron sputtering under different deposition conditions, including direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) discharges, metallic/oxide cathodes, different substrate temperatures, pressures, and deposition times. The surface morphology, residual stress, composition, crystal structure, mechanical properties, and pH performances of these RuO2 thin films were investigated. The RuO2 thin films RF sputtered from a metallic cathode at 250 °C exhibited good pH sensitivity of 56.35 mV/pH. However, these films were rougher, less dense, and relatively softer. Ho

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Sankur, Haluk, J. Denatale, and W. J. Gunning. "Intrinsic Stress and Structure in Mixed Composition thin films." MRS Proceedings 77 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-77-551.

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ABSTRACTIntrinsic stress and microstructure of mixed composition films were investigated for several material systems useful in the IR wavelength range. Stress in coevaporated mixed films (analog) deviated from a linear dependence on composition, while in discrete alternating films (digital) it varied linearly with composition. For MgF2-Ge and CeF3-Ge, analog film stress was small and compressive over a large range of intermediate compositions despite the fact that the constituent materials had high tensile stress. The stress behavior correlated with changes in the microstructure. Low stress c

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Kiss, Klara, and Paul M. Figura. "Determination of the Composition and Thickness of Thin Potassium Polyphosphide Films." MRS Proceedings 48 (1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-48-145.

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An energy dispersive X-ray microprobe (EDX) analysis was developed to determine simultaneously the lateral uniformity of the thickness and the composition of thin potassium polyphosphide(KPx) films. The EDX analysis was based on theoretical calibration curves generated by the Monte Carlo simulation approach developed by Kyser and Murata and extended by Miller and Koffman. Simultaneous determination of both composition and thickness was possible for this binary-element thin film due to the concentration independence of the theoretical intensity ratio ofThe EDX results were compared to macro tec

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Futamoto, M., N. Inaba, Y. Hirayama, K. Ito, and Y. Honda. "Compositional Microstructure and Micromagnetics of Co-Based Thin Film Media." MRS Proceedings 517 (January 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-517-243.

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AbstractElemental segregation of CoCrTa and CoCrPt thin films for longitudinal and perpendicular media is investigated using high spacial resolution transmission electron microscopes equipped with compositional analysis facilities. Strong Cr segregation exceeding 20 at% within 1.5-2 nm width is observed along the grain boundaries for both types of CoCrTa films prepared at elevated substrate temperatures. Weaker Cr segregation is observed along the grain boundaries of the longitudinal and the perpendicular CoCrPt films. The strong Cr segregation at grain boundaries is related with the small mag

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Foster, C. M., G. R. Bai, Z. Li, R. Jammy, L. A. Wills, and R. Hiskes. "Properties Variation with Composition of Single-Crystal Pb(ZrxTi1−x,)O3 Thin Films Prepared by MOCVD." MRS Proceedings 401 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-401-139.

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AbstractSingle-crystal thin films covering the full compositional range of Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3(PZT) 0≤x≤1 have been deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The films were grown on epitaxial, RF-sputter-deposited SrRuO3 thin film electrodes on (001) SrTiO3 substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive electron spectroscopy (EDS) and optical waveguiding were used to characterize the crystalline structure, composition, refractive index, and film thickness of the deposited films. We found that the PZT films were single-crystalline for all compositions exhibiting cube-on-c

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Fons, P., A. Yamada, S. Niki, and H. Oyanagi. "In-Situ Surface Composition Measurements of CuGaSe2 Thin Films." MRS Proceedings 485 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-485-145.

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AbstractTwo CuGaSe2 films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy onto GaAs (001) substrates with varying Cu/Ga flux ratios under Se overpressure conditions. Growth was interrupted at predetermined times and the surface composition was measured using Auger electron spectroscopy after which growth was continued. After growth, the film composition was analyzed using voltage dependent electron microprobe spectroscopy. Film structure and morphology were also analyzed using x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The film with a Cu/Ga ratio larger than unity showed evidence of surface segregati

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