Academic literature on the topic 'THIN ROOTS'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'THIN ROOTS.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "THIN ROOTS"
1
Acuña, T. L. Botwright, and L. J. Wade. "Root penetration ability of wheat through thin wax-layers under drought and well-watered conditions." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 11 (2005): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05067.
Full textAbstract:
Sand over clay duplex soils and those compacted by heavy farm machinery restrict water infiltration and root growth because roots cannot penetrate hard soil. Under drought, restriction of roots to soil above the hard layer results in the early onset of plant water-deficit, unless roots can penetrate the hard layer to reach soil water and nutrients at depth. There is little to no information on the ability of roots of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to penetrate hardpans. Here we report on 3 experiments undertaken in a controlled environment in pots that validate and explore the use of thin Paraffin wax–Vaseline (WV) layers of different strengths to simulate a hardpan under contrasting water regimes. Seeds produced an average of 5 seminal roots, which all penetrated the low-impedance wax-layer (0.03WV), in such a way that seminal root dry matter (DM) was evenly distributed throughout the soil profile. The number and depth of penetrating seminal root axes declined as wax-layer strength increased, and a significant proportion of total length and DM of main seminal root axes was instead restricted to the 0–0.12-m soil layer above the wax layer. No roots penetrated the 0.60WV, which was equivalent to ~1.50 MPa penetrometer resistance. The distribution of seminal roots was less affected by water regime than nodal roots, which were severely reduced in number when drought was imposed at 14 days after sowing (DAS), compared with well-watered conditions. Growth of the seminal roots into soil beneath the wax-layer determined the pattern of stomatal conductance and volumetric soil water content (Jv) over the period of drought stress, as few nodal roots reached and penetrated the wax layer. Stomatal conductance declined suddenly at 19 days after the last irrigation, and partially recovered as water extraction increased in the 0.40–0.60-m soil depth. Reasons for this are discussed. The wax-layer technique requires validation for wheat in the field, but the technique offers promise for screening breeding lines for the ability to penetrate a hardpan.
2
Kong, D. L., J. J. Wang, P. Kardol, H. F. Wu, H. Zeng, X. B. Deng, and Y. Deng. "Economic strategies of plant absorptive roots vary with root diameter." Biogeosciences 13, no. 2 (January 21, 2016): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-415-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Plant roots typically vary along a dominant ecological axis, the root economics spectrum, depicting a tradeoff between resource acquisition and conservation. For absorptive roots, which are mainly responsible for resource acquisition, we hypothesized that root economic strategies differ with increasing root diameter. To test this hypothesis, we used seven plant species (a fern, a conifer, and five angiosperms from south China) for which we separated absorptive roots into two categories: thin roots (thickness of root cortex plus epidermis < 247 µm) and thick roots. For each category, we analyzed a range of root traits related to resource acquisition and conservation, including root tissue density, different carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) fractions (i.e., extractive, acid-soluble, and acid-insoluble fractions) as well as root anatomical traits. The results showed significant relationships among root traits indicating an acquisition-conservation tradeoff for thin absorptive roots while no such trait relationships were found for thick absorptive roots. Similar results were found when reanalyzing data of a previous study including 96 plant species. The contrasting economic strategies between thin and thick absorptive roots, as revealed here, may provide a new perspective on our understanding of the root economics spectrum.
3
Pinho, Luis Gustavo Nunes Dias, Gustavo Helder Vinholi, Tulio Kalife Coelho, Dimas João Rodrigues Neto, Daiane Cerutti Kopplin, and Anísio Lima Silva. "Evaluation of the fracture resistance of remaining thin-walled roots restored with different post systems." Journal of Research in Dentistry 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v1e32013184-191.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work was evaluating the fracture strength of bovine roots weakened experimentally, restored with two different techniques: internal reinforcement of root canal walls with composite resin and a cast metal post and core or anatomic post (glass fiber post associated with composite resin). Thirty bovine lower central incisive were selected and transversally sectioned, remaining 14 mm of root in order to approximate to the human maxillary central incisive. A sequence of standardized wear was used to weak the root until the walls remaining achieved from 0.5 to 0.7 mm of thickness at the cervical edge. Two groups were separated randomly (n=15) in order to test the roots reinforced with composite resin associated with cast metal post and core (CMP), or roots restored with composite resin associated to the glass fiber post (GFP). The test were applied in a Universal Test Machine (EMIC) with tangential compressive loading focused on the lingual face of core in an angle of 135° with the long axis of the tooth at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure occurred. The results showed that the fracture strength of remaining roots with weakened walls was influenced by the restorative technique, and the higher values of strength fractures were observed in the group of roots reinforced by composite resin associated with CMP (p<0.001) when compared to the group of roots restored with anatomic post.
4
Kong, D., J. Wang, P. Kardol, H. Wu, H. Zeng, X. Deng, and Y. Deng. "The root economics spectrum: divergence of absorptive root strategies with root diameter." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 15 (August 13, 2015): 13041–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-13041-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Plant roots usually vary along a dominant ecological axis, the root economics spectrum (RES), depicting a tradeoff between resource acquisition and conservation. For absorptive roots, which are mainly responsible for resource acquisition, we hypothesized that root strategies as predicted from the RES shift with increasing root diameter. To test this hypothesis, we used seven contrasting plant species for which we separated absorptive roots into two categories: thin roots (< 247 μm diameter) and thick roots. For each category, we analyzed a~range of root traits closely related to resource acquisition and conservation, including root tissue density, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions as well as root anatomical traits. The results showed that trait relationships for thin absorptive roots followed the expectations from the RES while no clear trait relationships were found in support of the RES for thick absorptive roots. Our results suggest divergence of absorptive root strategies in relation to root diameter, which runs against a single economics spectrum for absorptive roots.
5
Wu, Tien H., and Alex Watson. "In situ shear tests of soil blocks with roots." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-027.
Full textAbstract:
In situ shear tests were performed on soil blocks that contained roots to study the contribution of roots to the shear strength in a case where the shear deformation is not constrained to a thin zone. The shearing resistance of the soil-root system, the tensile force in selected roots, and the deformation of the soil block were measured. The roots were exposed after the test and their positions were determined and used to estimate the initial positions. The root force and the shearing resistance of the soil-root system were estimated with known solutions and compared with measured root force and shearing resistance. None of the roots that passed through the shear zone failed in tension at the maximum displacement. As a consequence, the root resistance is much less than that found in a case where the failure surface is restricted to the boundary between a weak soil and a firm base and where roots are anchored in the firm base and fail in tension. Simplified procedures for estimating root forces are suggested for the case of a thick shear zone.Key words: in situ test, roots, shear strength, slope stability, soil reinforcement, soilroot interaction.
6
De Micco, Veronica, and Giovanna Aronne. "Root structure of Rumex scutatus growing on slopes." IAWA Journal 31, no. 1 (2010): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000002.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of slope on root architecture and anatomy of Rumex scutatus L. was analysed in plants growing on slopes and on flat ground, on the flanks of Mt. Vesuvius. Roots of plants on steep slopes developed asymmetrically, with lateral roots growing upslope acting as tie-rods. In roots growing on flat ground, lignified xylem was limited to thin radial strips, surrounded by unlignified parenchyma cells filled with starch. A trend towards a larger lignified area was evident from plants growing on flat ground to those on steep slopes, as well as from taproots to tie-rod roots. The latter also showed larger vessels and a lower incidence of narrow vessels than taproots. Roots developing on steep slopes were characterised by high frequency of very-thick-walled, lignified fibres with long tips which accumulated both starch and phenolic compounds. Such fibres did not show lignified cell walls in roots growing on flat ground. Overall analysis showed that slope influences root architecture and anatomical traits, not only affecting mechanical properties but also water transport capacity.
7
Bernier, Pierre Y., Gilles Robitaille, and Danny Rioux. "Estimating the mass density of fine roots of trees for minirhizotron-based estimates of productivity." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-099.
Full textAbstract:
Allocation of carbon for the production of fine roots is a significant component of the carbon budget within trees. Transformation of fine-root volumes or lengths as seen with minirhizotrons into fine-root mass per unit of horizontal area requires an estimate of the mass density or specific root length of fine roots for the species of interest. We obtained values of mass density of fine roots using three different sampling strategies on temperate and boreal forested sites. The strategies examined were (1) the use of bulk root samples from soil cores, (2) the use of individual roots from seedlings, and (3) the use of individual roots from soil cores. Our results show that the mass density of fine roots taken from seedlings is strongly dependent on root diameter, as shown by the strong drop in mass density with a decrease in diameter in all species examined. However, the dependency of mass density of individual fine roots extracted from soil cores on root diameter varies with the species mixture. Examination of thin cross-sections of roots using microscopy reveals that the proportion of xylem cell walls as a percentage of total cell walls also decreases strongly as root diameter diminishes for seedling fine roots, but that this relationship is not as clear in fine roots obtained from soil cores. We conclude that using the mass density from core fine roots may yield the best estimate of fine-root productivity when deriving such a value from the analysis of minirhizotron images. We also discuss some of the problems associated with the use of specific root length.
8
Venzke Filho, Solismar de Paiva, Brigitte Josefine Feigl, Marisa de Cássia Piccolo, Lorival Fante Jr., Marcos Siqueira Neto, and Carlos Clemente Cerri. "Root systems and soil microbial biomass under no-tillage system." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 5 (October 2004): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000500011.
Full textAbstract:
Some root parameters such as distribution, length, diameter and dry matter are inherent to plant species. Roots can influence microbial population during vegetative cycle through the rhizodeposits and, after senescence, integrating the soil organic matter pool. Since they represent labile substrates, especially regarding nitrogen, they can determine the rate of nutrient availability to the next crop cultivated under no-tillage (NT). The root systems of two crop species: maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar Cargill 909 and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar Embrapa 59, were compared in the field, and their influence on spatial distribution of the microbial C and N in a clayey-textured Typic Hapludox cultivated for 22 years under NT, at Tibagi, State of Paraná (PR), Brazil, was determined. Digital image processing and nail-plate techniques were used to evaluate 40 plots of a 80 ´ 50 ´ 3 cm soil profile. It was observed that 36% and 30% of the maize and soybeans roots, respectively, are concentrated in the 0 to 10 cm soil layer. The percent distribution of root dry matter was similar for both crops. The maize roots presented a total of 1,324 kg C ha-1 and 58 kg N ha-1, with higher root dry matter density and more roots in decomposition in the upper soil layer, decreasing with depth. The soybean roots (392 kg C ha-1 and 21 kg N ha-1) showed higher number of thinner roots and higher density per length unity compared to the maize. The maize roots enhanced microbial-C down to deeper soil layers than did the soybean roots. The microbial N presented a better correlation with the concentration of thin active roots and with roots in decomposition or in indefinite shape, possibly because of higher concentration of C and N easily assimilated by soil microorganisms.
9
Kodrík, J., and M. Kodrík. "Root biomass of beech as a factor influencing the wind tree stability." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 12 (May 22, 2019): 549–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11922-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
Beech is, thanks to its root system, in general considered to be a wind-resistant woody plant species. Nevertheless, the research on beech root systems has revealed that it is not possible to mechanically divide the woody plants into deep rooted and shallow rooted, because their root systems are modified according to various stand conditions. The root system shape, growth and development are mostly influenced by soil conditions and groundwater level. In the case of a high groundwater level beech root systems do not form tap roots and the lateral roots are rather thin and weak. Important factor for the tree static stability is number of roots with diameter 3–10 cm. The most important for the tree stability are roots with diameter over 10 cm. Wood-destroying fungi have strong negative impact on tree static stability. There are differences between beech below-ground biomass growing in soils rich in nutrients and poor in nutrients. The total below-ground biomass of the beech stands poor in nutrients is higher.
10
Kıvanç, B. H., T. Alaçam, Ö. İ. A. Ulusoy, Ö. Genç, and G. Görgül. "Fracture resistance of thin-walled roots restored with different post systems." International Endodontic Journal 42, no. 11 (November 2009): 997–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01609.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "THIN ROOTS"
1
Sowade, Enrico, Eloi Ramon, Kalyan Yoti Mitra, Carme Martínez-Domingo, Marta Pedró, Jofre Pallarès, Fausta Loffredo, et al. "All-inkjet-printed thin-film transistors: manufacturing process reliability by root cause analysis." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-211665.
Full textAbstract:
We report on the detailed electrical investigation of all-inkjet-printed thin-film transistor (TFT) arrays focusing on TFT failures and their origins. The TFT arrays were manufactured on flexible polymer substrates in ambient condition without the need for cleanroom environment or inert atmosphere and at a maximum temperature of 150 °C. Alternative manufacturing processes for electronic devices such as inkjet printing suffer from lower accuracy compared to traditional microelectronic manufacturing methods. Furthermore, usually printing methods do not allow the manufacturing of electronic devices with high yield (high number of functional devices). In general, the manufacturing yield is much lower compared to the established conventional manufacturing methods based on lithography. Thus, the focus of this contribution is set on a comprehensive analysis of defective TFTs printed by inkjet technology. Based on root cause analysis, we present the defects by developing failure categories and discuss the reasons for the defects. This procedure identifies failure origins and allows the optimization of the manufacturing resulting finally to a yield improvement.
2
Li, Weijia, and n/a. "Development of New Binding Phases for Speciation Measurements of Trace Metals with the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040504.150905.
Full textAbstract:
The recently developed technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) for speciation measurement of analytes in the environment was further developed through the development of series of new binding phases including poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) copolymer hydrogel (PAM-PAA), poly(acrylamidoglycolic acid-co-acrylamide) (PAAGA-PAM) hydrogel, the Whatman P81 cellulose phosphate ion exchange membrane (P81) and a liquid binding phase of poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). A new diffusion layer, cellulose dialysis membrane, was also employed for the liquid binding phase DGT. PAM-PAA copolymer hydrogel was prepared by the controlled hydrolysis of polyacrylamide (PAM) in an alkaline solution of 10% sodium hydroxide. The capacity of the copolymer hydrogel to bind various metal ions was tested under a range of uptake conditions. Ions such as Cu2+ and Cd2+ were bound more strongly to the copolymer hydrogel than the competing ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Metals bound to the copolymer hydrogel can be efficiently eluted in 2 M HNO3 solution (>94%). Application of this new binding material to DGT technique was validated in a synthetic lake water (Windermere, Lake District, UK) with a recovery of 99.0% for Cu2+. PAAGA-PAM hydrogel was prepared by copolymerising 2-acrylamidoglycolic acid with acrylamide. The metal ion binding properties of the hydrogel were characterised for Cu2+, Cd2+ and competing ions under various experimental conditions. The hydrogel was shown to bind Cu2+ and Cd2+ strongly under non-competitive binding conditions, with binding capacities of 5.3 and 5.1 micromol cm-2, respectively. The binding capacity of each metal decreased, under competitive binding conditions (with a range of metal ions present at 17.8 mN), to 1.3 and 0.17 micromol cm-2, respectively, indicating a strong selective binding towards Cu2+. The metal ions were readily recovered (>94%) by eluting with 2 M HNO3. Finally, the copolymer hydrogel was tested as a binding phase with the DGT technique. A linear mass vs. time relationship was observed for Cu2+ in Windermere water with a recovery of close to 100%. The use of a commercially available solid ion exchange membrane (P81) as the binding phase in DGT analysis was demonstrated. P81 is a strong cation exchange membrane. Its performance characteristics as a new binding phase in DGT measurement of Cu2+ and Cd2+ were systematically investigated. Several advantages over the conventional ion exchange resin-embedded hydrogel based binding phases used in DGT were observed. These include: simple preparation, ease of handling, and reusability. The binding phase preferentially binds to transition metal ions rather than competing ions. Within the optimum pH range (pH 4.0 - 9.0), the maximum non-competitive binding capacities of the membrane for Cu2+ and Cd2+ were 3.22 and 3.07 micromol cm-2, respectively. The suitability of the new membrane-based binding phase for DGT applications was validated experimentally. The results demonstrated excellent agreement with theoretically predicted trends. The reusability of this binding phase was also investigated. Application of a liquid binding phase and a dialysis membrane diffusive layer were proposed for the first time. The binding phase was a 0.020 M solution of poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) polyelectrolyte using a specially designed DGT device. The binding properties of Cd2+, Cu2+, and a range of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions to the PSS solution were characterised. The PSS behaved like a cation exchanger with preferential binding to Cd2+ (6.0 micromole ml-1, log K = 9.0) and Cu2+ (2.5 micromole ml-1, log K = 8.1) under competitive binding conditions. The DGT devices were successfully validated for Cd2+ and Cu2+ in Windermere water. The speciation performance of the solid and liquid binding phases developed in this study was investigated in solutions containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), humic acid (HA), glucose (GL), dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBS) and tannic acid (TA) with Cu2+ and Cd2+. The ratios of labile metals over total metals were at good agreement with calculated theoretical values using Stability Constants Database. The results indicated that the DGT-labile concentration measured by DGT with these binding phases is essentially free metal ion concentration in the sample. All newly developed DGT binding phases were successfully applied for environmental speciation. The field deployments were carried out in both freshwater and salt-water test sites.
3
Karasic, Geoffrey Ian. "Design of multifunctional paired robots engaged across a thin plate for aircraft manufacturing and maintenance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68946.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78).
The aircraft industry lacks an automated system for wing box manufacturing and maintenance. Currently workers assemble and inspect thousands of fasteners in the wing structure by hand. This manufacturing process consumes valuable time and resources. Mobile robots capable of navigating on the interior and exterior of the wing have the potential to perform the wing structure manufacturing tasks. This thesis describes the design, analysis, and implementation of paired robots engaged across a thin plate. Two robots, each capable of carrying an end effector, are engaged using strong magnets attracting each other and thereby supporting each body against gravity. The robots must move across the surface of the box, while avoiding interference with obstacles fixed to the surface. The multifunctional paired robots navigate the surface with three different operations. The paired robots are automatically loaded and unloaded from the confined box through a small entry hole using the "Flipping" operation. The "Drive and Slide" operation is used on horizontal surfaces. The robots "Step" over obstacles while securely holding each body against gravity. Parametric models of the robots are developed, and the conditions for the successful multifunctional operations are analyzed. The two primary failure modes are tipping of the robots on either side of the thin panel. An optimal trajectory that minimizes the peak tipping moments, while also minimizing how close the robots are to failure is designed to meet the many challenges of the stepping operation. The trajectory ensures that the failure modes are avoided during the disengagement of the strong permanent magnets in the stepping operation. The position trajectories are parameterized using cubic splines with the bounds being the start and end robot configurations. Prototype paired robots are constructed and experimentally tested. The prototype robots performed their multifunctional operation modes on a mock wing structure, validating the design and analysis.
by Geoffrey Ian Karasic.
S.M.
4
Jiang, Dianlu, and n/a. "Studies of Photocatalytic Processes at Nanoporous TiO2 Film Electrodes by Photoelectrochemical Techniques and Development of a Novel Methodology for Rapid Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040723.155003.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, a series of simple, rapid and effective photoelectrochemical methodologies have been developed and successfully applied to the study of kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of photocatalytic oxidation processes at TiO2 nanoparticulate films. As an application of the systematic studies of photocatalytic processes by photoelectrochemical techniques, a rapid, direct, absolute, environmental-friendly and accurate COD analysis method was successfully developed. In this work, the TiO2 nanoparticles colloid was prepared by the sol-gel method. The TiO2 nanoparticles were immobilized onto ITO conducting glass slides by dip-coating method. Thermal treatment was carried out to obtain nanoporous TiO2 films of different structures. At low calcination temperature (below 600°C), nanoporous TiO2 films of pure anatase phase were prepared. At high calcination temperature (above 600°C), nanoporous TiO2 films of mixed anatase and rutile phases were obtained. At these film electrodes, the work was carried out. By employing steady state photocurrent method and choosing phthalic acid as the model compound, the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 nanoporous films calcined at various temperatures and for different lengths of time was evaluated. It was found that the films with mixed anatase and rutile phases calcined at high temperature exhibited high photocatalytic activity. Based on semiconductor band theory, a model was proposed, which explained well this finding. By employing linear sweep voltammetry (under illumination) and choosing glucose (an effective photohole scavenger) as a model compound, the characteristics of the photocatalytic processes at nanoparticulate semiconductor electrodes were investigated. Characteristics of the nanoporous semiconductor electrodes markedly different from bulk semiconductor electrodes were observed. That is, within a large range of electrode potentials above the flat band potential the electrodes behaved as a pure resistance instead of exhibiting variable resistance expected for bulk semiconductor electrodes. The magnitude of the resistance was dependent on the properties of the electrodes and the maximum photocatalytic oxidation rate at TiO2 surface determined by the light intensity and substrate concentration. A model was proposed, which explained well the special characteristics of particulate semiconductor electrodes (nanoporous semiconductor electrodes). This is the first clear description of the overall photocatalytic process at nanoparticulate semiconductor electrodes. The investigation set a theoretical foundation for employing photoelectrochemical techniques to study photocatalytic processes. By using the transient technique (illumination step method analogous to potential step method in conventional electrochemistry), the adsorption of a number of strong adsorbates on both low temperature and high temperature calcined TiO2 nanoporous films was investigated. Similar adsorption characteristics for different adsorbates on different films were observed. In all the cases, three different surface bound complexes were identified, which was attributed to the heterogeneity of TiO2 surface. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of the pre-adsorbed organic compounds of different chemical nature was also studied by processing the photocurrent-time profiles. Two different photocatalytic processes, exhibiting different rate characteristics, were observed. This was, again, attributed to the heterogeneity of the TiO2 surface corresponding to heterogeneous adsorption characteristics. The catalytic first order rate constants of both fast and slow processes were obtained for different organic compounds. It was found that for different adsorbates of different chemical nature the magnitudes of rate constant for the slow kinetic process were very similar, while the magnitudes of rate constant for the fast process were significantly affected by the photohole demand characteristics of different adsorbates. Photohole demand distribution that depends on the size and structure of the adsorbed molecules was believed to be responsible for the difference. By employing steady state photocurrent method, the photocatalytic degradation kinetic characteristics of both strong adsorbates and weak adsorbates of different chemical structures were compared at pure anatase TiO2 nanoporous TiO2 films as well as at anatase/rutile mixed phase TiO2 nanoporous film electrodes. At the former electrodes for all the different organic compounds studied, the photocatalytic reaction rate increased linearly with concentration at low concentrations. Under such conditions, it was demonstrated that the overall photocatalytic process was controlled by diffusion and was independent of the chemical nature of organic compounds. However, the linear concentration range and the maximum photocatalytic reaction rate at high concentrations were significantly dependent on the chemical nature of the substrates. This was explained by the difference in the interaction of different organic compounds with TiO2 surface, the difference in their photohole demand distributions at the TiO2 surface and the difference in their nature of intermediates formed during their photocatalytic mineralization. In contrast, at the latter electrodes for the photocatalytic oxidation of different organic compounds the linear ranges (diffusion control concentration range) and the maximum reaction rates at high concentration were much larger than at the former electrodes and much less dependent on the chemical nature of the organic compounds. The spatial separation of photoelectrons and photoholes (due to the coexistence of rutile phase and anatase phase) and the increase in the lifetime of photoelectrons and photoholes are responsible for the excellent photocatalytic activity of the electrodes. By employing the thin-layer photoelectrochemical technique (analogous to the thin-layer exhaustive electrolytic technique), the photocatalytic oxidation of different organic compounds at the mixed phase TiO2 nanoporous electrodes were investigated in a thin layer photoelectrochemical cell. It was found that the charge derived from exhaustive oxidation agreed well with theoretical charge expected for the mineralisation of a specific organic compound. This finding was true for all the compounds investigated and was also true for mixtures of different organic compounds. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of different organic compounds of different chemical identities in the thin layer cell was also investigated by the photoelectrochemical method. Two kinetic processes of different decay time constants were identified, which were attributed to the degradation of preadsorbed compounds and the degradation of compounds in solution. For the degradation of compounds in solution, a change in the overall control step from substrate diffusion to heterogeneous surface reaction was observed. For different organic compounds, the variation of the rate constant was determined by the photohole demand rather than by the chemical identities of substrates. The kinetics of the fast kinetic process, on the other hand, was greatly affected by the adsorption properties of the substrates. For the strong adsorbates, the rate was much larger than for weak adsorbates. However, the rate constant of the process was independent of the chemical identities of the substrates and the variation of the constant was also determined by the photohole demand. Based on the principles of exhaustive photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organic matter in a thin layer cell, a novel, rapid, direct, environmental-friendly and absolute COD analysis method was developed. The method was tested on synthetic samples as well as real wastewater samples from a variety of industries. For synthetic samples with given compositions the COD values measured by my method agree very well with theoretical COD value. For real samples and synthetic samples the COD values measured by my method correlated very well with those measured by standard dichromate COD analysis method.
5
Lee, Jun B. M. Eng (Jun Bum) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Determining the root causes of excess metal and void defects with respect to the photoresist quality in thin film PZT fabrication processes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78187.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng. in Manufacturing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 80).
by Jun Bum Lee.
M.Eng.in Manufacturing
6
Pepenene, Refuoe Donald. "Macroscopic and Microscopic surface features of Hydrogenated silicon thin films." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6414.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae - MSc (Physics)An increasing energy demand and growing environmental concerns regarding the use of fossil fuels in South Africa has led to the challenge to explore cheap, alternative sources of energy. The generation of electricity from Photovoltaic (PV) devices such as solar cells is currently seen as a viable alternative source of clean energy. As such, crystalline, amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon thin films are expected to play increasingly important roles as economically viable materials for PV development. Despite the growing interest shown in these materials, challenges such as the partial understanding of standardized measurement protocols, and the relationship between the structure and optoelectronic properties still need to be overcome.
7
Kolkailah, Naiyerah F. "Genes Encoding Flower- and Root-Specific Functions are More Resistant to Fractionation than Globally Expressed Genes in Brassica rapa." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1586.
Full textAbstract:
Like many angiosperms, Brassica rapa underwent several rounds of whole genome duplication during its evolutionary history. Brassica rapa is particularly valuable for studying genome evolution because it also experienced whole genome triplication shortly after it diverged from the common ancestor it shares with Arabidopsis thaliana about 17-20 million years ago. While many B. rapa genes appear resistant to paralog retention, close to 50% of B. rapa genes have retained multiple, paralogous loci for millions of years and appear to be multi-copy tolerant. Based on previous studies, gene function may contribute to the selective pressure driving certain genes back to singleton status. It is suspected that other factors, such as gene expression patterns, also play a role in determining the fate of genes following whole genome triplication. Published RNA-seq data was used to determine if gene expression patterns influence the retention of extra gene copies. It is hypothesized that retention of genes in duplicate and triplicate is more likely if those genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, as opposed to being expressed globally across all tissues. This study shows that genes expressed specifically in flowers and roots in B. rapa are more resistant to fractionation than globally expressed genes following whole genome triplication. In particular, there appears to have been selection on genes expressed specifically in flower tissues to retain higher copy numbers and for all three copies to exhibit the same flower-specific expression pattern. Future research to determine if these observations in Brassica rapa are consistent with other angiosperms that have undergone recent whole genome duplication would confirm that retention of flower-specific-expressed genes is a general feature in plant genome evolution and not specific to B. rapa.
8
Maticich, Karen Kristine. "The Biblical Hebrew concept of remembrance and its transmission to the New Testament expression "Do this in remembrance of me"." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
9
Sahay, Prateek. "Development of a Robotic Cell for Removal of Tabs from Jet Engine Turbine Blade." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1574417686354007.
Full text
10
Lang, Ian William, and n/a. "Conditional Truths: Remapping Paths To Documentary 'Independence'." Griffith University. Queensland College of Art, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031112.105737.
Full textAbstract:
(Synopsis to introductory statement): An introductory statement to five documentary films made by Ian Lang in Australia between 1981 and 1997 exemplifying a 'democratising' model of sustainable and ethical documentary film production. This document critically reflects on the production process of these films to accompany their submission for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Publication at Griffith University. It finds that a contemporary tendency towards 'post-industrial' conditions allows an observational film-maker to negotiate a critical inter-dependence rather than a romantically conceived 'independence' traditional to the genre. [Full thesis consists of introductory statement plus six DVD videodiscs.]
Books on the topic "THIN ROOTS"
1
Riestenberg, Mary M. Anchoring of thin colluvium by roots of sugar maple and white ash on hillslopes in Cincinnati. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
Find full text
3
Berni, Wrightson, Redondo Nestor P, and Kaluta Michael William, eds. Roots of the Swamp Thing. New York: DC Comics, 2009.
Find full text
6
Bestaoui Sebbane, Yasmina. Lighter than Air Robots. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2663-5.
Full text
8
Gutkind, Lee. Almost Human: Making Robots Think. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "THIN ROOTS"
1
Pierret, Alain, Mac Kirby, and Chris Moran. "Simultaneous X-ray imaging of plant root growth and water uptake in thin-slab systems." In Roots: The Dynamic Interface between Plants and the Earth, 361–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2923-9_35.
Full text
2
Neumann, Erich, and Ann Conrad Lammers. "Life in this world." In The Roots of Jewish Consciousness, 90–119. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315149912-4.
Full text
3
Bestaoui Sebbane, Yasmina. "Modeling." In Lighter than Air Robots, 7–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2663-5_2.
Full text
4
Bestaoui Sebbane, Yasmina. "Introduction." In Lighter than Air Robots, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2663-5_1.
Full text
5
Bestaoui Sebbane, Yasmina. "Mission Planning." In Lighter than Air Robots, 45–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2663-5_3.
Full text
6
Bestaoui Sebbane, Yasmina. "Trajectory Design." In Lighter than Air Robots, 99–163. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2663-5_4.
Full text
7
Bestaoui Sebbane, Yasmina. "Control." In Lighter than Air Robots, 165–217. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2663-5_5.
Full text
8
Bestaoui Sebbane, Yasmina. "General Conclusions." In Lighter than Air Robots, 219–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2663-5_6.
Full text
9
Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Water-Specific Imaging." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis, 3–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOur first target was water, namely, how to obtain a water-specific image nondestructively. Using a neutron beam, we could visualize water-specific images of plants, including roots and flowers, which were never shown before. Each image suggested the plant-specific activity related to water.We briefly present how to acquire the image and what kind of water image is taken by neutron beam irradiation. We present a variety of plant samples, such as flowers, seeds, and wood disks. It was noted that neutrons could visualize the roots imbedded in soil without uprooting. When a spatial image of the root imbedded in soil was created from many projection images, the water profile around the root was analyzed. Then, fundamental questions were raised, such as whether plants are absorbing water solution or water vapor from the soil, because there was always a space adjacent to the root surface and hardly any water solution was visualized there. The roots are in constant motion during growth, known as circumnutation, and it is natural that the root tip is always pushing the soil aside to produce space for the root to grow. If the roots are absorbing water vapor, then the next question is about metals. Are the roots absorbing metal vapor? Since we tended to employ water culture to study the physiological activity of plants, the physiological study of the plants growing in soil was somewhat neglected. Later, when we could develop a system to visualize the movement of element absorption in a plant, there was a clear difference in element absorption between water culture and soil culture.
10
Verrecchia, Eric P., and Luca Trombino. "Basic Components." In A Visual Atlas for Soil Micromorphologists, 43–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67806-7_3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMineral and organic constituents belong to the basic components observed in soil thin sections. They can appear, for instance, as large rock fragments, or single minerals as sand grains; they can constitute large areas of micromass formed by clay minerals or display parts of plant roots or leaf fragments, i.e. organic material. These constituents comprise the body of the soil itself, and in soil micromorphology, they belong to the groundmass, as well as the material constituting the pedofeatures (see “10.1007/978-3-030-67806-7_1#Sec9”). Two types of basic components are recognized by Stoops (2003, 2021), those recognizable at the magnifications of the optical microscope and those which are not. Stoops (2003, 2021) pointed out the problem of the optical microscope resolution and the thickness of conventional thin sections. Indeed, it is preferable not to have a standard size limit between coarse and fine materials.
Conference papers on the topic "THIN ROOTS"
1
Guo, Chongzhi, and Wenxin Chen. "Boundary Effect and Weld Reinforcement of Large Opening With Flush Nozzle in Ellipsoidal Head Pressure Vessel." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85533.
Full textAbstract:
By the analysis of the single and double boundary effect of the large opening structure with flush nozzle in pressure vessel with ellipsoidal head in terms of Thin Shell Theory, stress distribution of the two cases are obtained in this paper. Then numerical and experimental verifications are carried out by finite element method (FEM) and experiments. Comparing theoretic and numerical results with experimental data respectively; it is found that FEM or theoretic results accord with the experimental data well, while there is some non-consistence between the FEM or theoretic results and the experimental data within joint range. According to the consistence between the analysis results of FEM and those of thin shell theory in weld roots, a newly weld reinforce effect calculation approach of the welt joint is proposed by considering the size of the weld joint and using the results of thin shell theory in the roots of the weld. Example presented indicates that, as a quick and convenient evaluation means, using the results of thin shell theory in weld root to evaluate joint strength is available and reliable.
2
Lu, Yunhu, Sriram Chandrashekar, and Kang Ping Chen. "Optimizing Fluid Production From Porous Media: From Hydraulic Fractures to Plant Roots." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65773.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the physical mechanisms of enhanced fluid production from thin and slender porous structures such as hydraulic fractures and plant roots. The work shows how the end effect induces a large local pressure gradient in the medium which creates a converging flow pattern that focuses the fluid to the end region. As a result, a nearly singular flux density around the end develops which can promote the flux density distribution along the structure-medium surface, thus enhancing the production rate. For a given porous structure volume, a competition exists between the structure conductivity and the structure penetration length. This leads to an optimal length-to-width ratio for the structure that maximizes the fluid production rate. Optimized fracture and plant root are discussed.
3
Naguleswaran, S. "Vibration of an Euler-Bernoulli Uniform Beam Carrying Several Thin Disks." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48361.
Full textAbstract:
The Euler-Bernoulli uniform beam considered in this paper carry (n+1) thin disks, two of which are at the beam ends. For the analytical method used in the paper, n co-ordinate systems were chosen with origins at the disk locations. The mode shape of the portion of the beam between the jth and (j+1)th disk was expressed in the form Yj(Xj) = A Uj(Xj) + B Vj(Xj) in which Uj(Xj) and Vj(Xj) are ‘modified’ mode shape functions applicable to that portion but the constants A and B are common to all the portions. From the compatibility of moments and forces on the (n+1)th disk, the frequency equation was expressed in closed form as a 2nd order determinant equated to zero. Schemes are presented to compute the 4 elements of the determinant (from a recurrence relationship) and to evaluate the roots of the frequency equation. Computational difficulties were not encountered in the implementation of the schemes to beams carrying very large number of disks. The first three natural frequency parameters of 28 combinations of the boundary conditions (which includes classical clamped, pinned, sliding and free) are tabulated for beams carrying 6, 51, 201 or 1001 thin disks. The approaches in previous publications include those based on various approximate methods like finite element, Rayleighritz, Galerkin, transfer matrix etc. The results in the present paper may be used to judge the accuracy of values obtained by approximate methods. The theory developed in the paper will need modification if axial dimension of the disks are taken into account.
4
Hashish, Mohamed. "AWJ Milling of Gamma Titanium Aluminide." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84248.
Full textAbstract:
A study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of the AWJ process for controlled depth milling of gamma Titanium Aluminide tiles. It was demonstrated that milling can be accomplished to 0.025-mm accuracy. To overcome undercutting near rib roots, the jet was clock-angled at about 15 degrees to the vertical every set of passes. This allowed the milling to thin skins of about 0.5-mm. It was observed that as the material is milled, stresses were relieved and either deformation or cracking may result. Accordingly parts need to be annealed before milling. The milling to thin skins was successfully demonstrated on 150mm × 300-mm parts without adverse effects. Also, the process of milling of dual rib height was developed using dual mask approach. Abrasive particle embedding on the milled surfaces was observed to be about 0.15% of the area, but cleaning with plain waterjets showed that all embedded particles can be removed. A detailed economic analysis confirmed that the AWJ milling process is relatively inexpensive and highly productive. The complete cost of milling including mask cutting, overhead, capital, and running cost is less than $300/ft2.
5
Walker, I. D. "Robot strings: Long, thin continuum robots." In 2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2013.6496902.
Full text
6
Sah, Young June, Bomee Yoo, and S. Shyam Sundar. "Are specialist robots better than generalist robots?" In the 6th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1957656.1957751.
Full text
7
Plecnik, Mark M., and Ronald S. Fearing. "Finding Only Finite Roots to Large Kinematic Synthesis Systems." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60428.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, a new method is introduced for solving large polynomial systems for the kinematic synthesis of linkages. The method is designed for solving systems with degrees beyond 100,000, which often are found to possess a number of finite roots that is orders of magnitude smaller. Current root-finding methods for large polynomial systems discover both finite and infinite roots, although only finite roots have meaning for engineering purposes. Our method demonstrates how all infinite roots can be avoided in order to obtain substantial computational savings. Infinite roots are avoided by generating random linkage dimensions to construct start-points and start-systems for homotopy continuation paths. The method is benchmarked with a four-bar path synthesis problem.
8
Name, Marcio Hosoya. "Method to Calculate the Surface Area of roots by Digital Image Processing." In Congresso Latino-Americano de Software Livre e Tecnologias Abertas. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/latinoware.2019.10348.
Full textAbstract:
The evaluation of root crops is important for better understanding of the effects of plant nutrition and nutrient management in the soil. However, the studies and the root system of the culture are slow, require a long time and show low precision results. In this context, digital image processing can be an alternative. The objective of this study was to develop a computational method to assist in the evaluation of the surface area of soybean roots. It was initially developed in Java platform by providing the OpenCV library through the plug-in JavaCV. Then, after the manual count, the soybean root samples that have been scanned, were loaded into the software. The software developed results were correlated with the intersection of the line method. The correlation coefficient (R = 0.77) obtained by the software developed was on average good, compared to the métododa line intersection. Therefore, in general, the proposed method was necessary paraestimar the surface area of the soybean roots.
9
Plecnik, Mark M., and Ronald S. Fearing. "A Study on Finding Finite Roots for Kinematic Synthesis." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68341.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents new results on a method to solve large kinematic synthesis systems termed Finite Root Generation. The method reduces the number of startpoints used in homotopy continuation to find all the roots of a kinematic synthesis system. For a single execution, many start systems are generated with corresponding startpoints using a random process such that start-points only track to finite roots. Current methods are burdened by computations of roots to infinity. New results include a characterization of scaling for different problem sizes, a technique for scaling down problems using cognate symmetries, and an application for the design of a spined pinch gripper mechanism. We show that the expected number of iterations to perform increases approximately linearly with the quantity of finite roots for a given synthesis problem. An implementation that effectively scales the four-bar path synthesis problem by six using its cognate structure found 100% of roots in an average of 16,546 iterations over ten executions. This marks a roughly six-fold improvement over the basic implementation of the algorithm.
10
Lee, Jaeyeon, and Wooram Park. "Probability-Based Optimal Path Planning for Two-Wheeled Mobile Robots." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9909.
Full textAbstract:
Most dynamic systems show uncertainty in their behavior. Therefore, a deterministic model is not sufficient to predict the stochastic behavior of such systems. Alternatively, a stochastic model can be used for better analysis and simulation. By numerically integrating the stochastic differential equation or solving the Fokker-Planck equation, we can obtain a probability density function of the motion of the system. Based on this probability density function, the path-of-probability (POP) method for path planning has been developed and verified in simulation. However, there are rooms for more improvements and its practical implementation has not been performed yet. This paper concerns formulation, simulation and practical implementation of the path-of-probability for two-wheeled mobile robots. In this framework, we define a new cost function which measures the averaged targeting error using root-mean-square (RMS), and iteratively minimize it to find an optimal path with the lowest targeting error. The proposed algorithm is implemented and tested with a two-wheeled mobile robot for performance verification.
Reports on the topic "THIN ROOTS"
1
Babu M.G., Sarath, Debjani Ghosh, Jaideep Gupte, Md Asif Raza, Eric Kasper, and Priyanka Mehra. Kerala’s Grass-roots-led Pandemic Response: Deciphering the Strength of Decentralisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.049.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an analysis of the role of decentralised institutions to understand the learning and challenges of the grass-roots-led pandemic response of Kerala. The study is based on interviews with experts and frontline workers to ensure the representation of all stakeholders dealing with the outbreak, from the state level to the household level, and a review of published government orders, health guidelines, and news articles. The outcome of the study shows that along with the decentralised system of governance, the strong grass-roots-level network of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) workers, volunteer groups, and Kudumbashree members played a pivotal role in pandemic management in the state. The efficient functioning of local bodies in the state, experience gained from successive disasters, and the Nipah outbreak naturally aided grass-roots-level actions. The lessons others can draw from Kerala are the importance of public expenditure on health, investment for building social capital, and developing the local self-delivery system.
2
Imbrie, Andrew, Rebecca Gelles, James Dunham, and Catherine Aiken. Contending Frames: Evaluating Rhetorical Dynamics in AI. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20210010.
Full textAbstract:
The narrative of an artificial intelligence “arms race” among the great powers has become shorthand to describe evolving dynamics in the field. Narratives about AI matter because they reflect and shape public perceptions of the technology. In this issue brief, the second in a series examining rhetorical frames in AI, the authors compare four narrative frames that are prominent in public discourse: AI Competition, Killer Robots, Economic Gold Rush and World Without Work.
3
Bruder, Brittany L., Katherine L. Brodie, Tyler J. Hesser, Nicholas J. Spore, Matthew W. Farthing, and Alexander D. Renaud. guiBath y : A Graphical User Interface to Estimate Nearshore Bathymetry from Hovering Unmanned Aerial System Imagery. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39700.
Full textAbstract:
This US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, technical report details guiBathy, a graphical user interface to estimate nearshore bathymetry from imagery collected via a hovering Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). guiBathy provides an end-to-end solution for non-subject-matter-experts to utilize commercia-off-the-shelf UAS to collect quantitative imagery of the nearshore by packaging robust photogrammetric and signal-processing algorithms into an easy-to-use software interface. This report begins by providing brief background on coastal imaging and the photogrammetry and bathymetric inversion algorithms guiBathy utilizes, as well as UAS data collection requirements. The report then describes guiBathy software specifications, features, and workflow. Example guiBathy applications conclude the report with UAS bathymetry measurements taken during the 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season, which compare favorably (root mean square error = 0.44 to 0.72 m; bias = -0.35 to -0.11 m) with in situ survey measurements. guiBathy is a standalone executable software for Windows 10 platforms and will be freely available at www.github.com/erdc.
4
Terzyan, Aram. Post-Soviet State - Building in Kyrgyzstan: Behind and Beyond the Revolutions. Eurasia Institutes, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/caps-1-2021.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores post-Soviet state-building in Kyrgyzstan, with a focus on the root causes of the three revolutions faced by the country. It suggests that the revolutions have not produced significant results in terms of fundamental economic and political reforms. Rather, Kyrgyzstan has turned into the Central Asian “island of instability”. The situation is compounded by deep- rooted inter-ethnic tensions, the prevalence of traditional informal institutions and weakness of democratic institutions, as well as country’s heavy reliance on international donors. The presidential elections and constitutional referendum of 2021 have provided grounds for cautious optimism. A question remains of whether and to what extent Sadyr Japarov’s ambitious agenda will translate into reality, thus leading the country to prosperity and stability.
5
Ostashev, Vladimir, Michael Muhlestein, and D. Wilson. Extra-wide-angle parabolic equations in motionless and moving media. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42043.
Full textAbstract:
Wide-angle parabolic equations (WAPEs) play an important role in physics. They are derived by an expansion of a square-root pseudo-differential operator in one-way wave equations, and then solved by finite-difference techniques. In the present paper, a different approach is suggested. The starting point is an extra-wide-angle parabolic equation (EWAPE) valid for small variations of the refractive index of a medium. This equation is written in an integral form, solved by a perturbation technique, and transformed to the spectral domain. The resulting split-step spectral algorithm for the EWAPE accounts for the propagation angles up to 90° with respect to the nominal direction. This EWAPE is also generalized to large variations in the refractive index. It is shown that WAPEs known in the literature are particular cases of the two EWAPEs. This provides an alternative derivation of the WAPEs, enables a better understanding of the underlying physics and ranges of their applicability, and opens an opportunity for innovative algorithms. Sound propagation in both motionless and moving media is considered. The split-step spectral algorithm is particularly useful in the latter case since complicated partial derivatives of the sound pressure and medium velocity reduce to wave vectors (essentially, propagation angles) in the spectral domain.
6
Webb, Philip, and Sarah Fletcher. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing. SAE International, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020024.
Full textAbstract:
This SAE EDGE™ Research Report builds a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art of human-robot applications, identifying key issues to unlock the technology’s potential. It brings together views of recognized thought leaders to understand and deconstruct the myths and realities of human- robot collaboration, and how it could eventually have the impact envisaged by many. Current thinking suggests that the emerging technology of human-robot collaboration provides an ideal solution, combining the flexibility and skill of human operators with the precision, repeatability, and reliability of robots. Yet, the topic tends to generate intense reactions ranging from a “brave new future” for aircraft manufacturing and assembly, to workers living in fear of a robot invasion and lost jobs. It is widely acknowledged that the application of robotics and automation in aerospace manufacturing is significantly lower than might be expected. Reasons include product variability, size, design philosophy, and relatively low volumes. Also, the occasional reticence due to a history of past false starts plays a role too. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing goes deep into the core questions that really matter so the necessary step changes can move the industry forward.
7
Brodie, Katherine, Brittany Bruder, Richard Slocum, and Nicholas Spore. Simultaneous mapping of coastal topography and bathymetry from a lightweight multicamera UAS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41440.
Full textAbstract:
A low-cost multicamera Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is used to simultaneously estimate open-coast topography and bathymetry from a single longitudinal coastal flight. The UAS combines nadir and oblique imagery to create a wide field of view (FOV), which enables collection of mobile, long dwell timeseries of the littoral zone suitable for structure-from motion (SfM), and wave speed inversion algorithms. Resultant digital surface models (DSMs) compare well with terrestrial topographic lidar and bathymetric survey data at Duck, NC, USA, with root-mean-square error (RMSE)/bias of 0.26/–0.05 and 0.34/–0.05 m, respectively. Bathymetric data from another flight at Virginia Beach, VA, USA, demonstrates successful comparison (RMSE/bias of 0.17/0.06 m) in a secondary environment. UAS-derived engineering data products, total volume profiles and shoreline position, were congruent with those calculated from traditional topo-bathymetric surveys at Duck. Capturing both topography and bathymetry within a single flight, the presented multicamera system is more efficient than data acquisition with a single camera UAS; this advantage grows for longer stretches of coastline (10 km). Efficiency increases further with an on-board Global Navigation Satellite System–Inertial Navigation System (GNSS-INS) to eliminate ground control point (GCP) placement. The Appendix reprocesses the Virginia Beach flight with the GNSS–INS input and no GCPs.
8
Gore, Tim, Mira Alestig, Sabita Banerji, and Giorgia Ceccarelli. The Workers Behind Sweden's Italian Wine: An illustrative Human Rights Impact Assessment of Systembolaget's Italian wine supply chains. Oxfam, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7703.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports on an illustrative human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of the Italian wine supply chains of Systembolaget, the Swedish monopoly alcohol retailer. The HRIA aimed to evaluate the actual and potential human rights impacts at the production stage of the value chain in Italy, to identify their root causes, and to provide recommendations to relevant stakeholders concerning their prevention, mitigation and/or remediation. The assessment took just over a year and consisted of five phases of analysis using a methodology aligned with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). However, the onset of Italy’s severe first wave of coronavirus in 2020 meant that the assessment team was unable to conduct the field study phase with the full rigour required of an HRIA. The field phase started in September 2019, with an initial assessment phase based on a literature review and a round of stakeholder interviews from September 2019 to March 2020. Further, limited, worker interviews were conducted from October 2020 to January 2021. The result is an illustration of the human rights risks that are present in the areas of Italy from which Systembolaget sources its wine.
9
Gordoncillo, Mary Joy N., Ronello C. Abila, and Gregorio Torres. The Contributions of STANDZ Initiative to Dog Rabies Elimination in South-East Asia. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2789.
Full textAbstract:
A Grant Agreement between the Government of Australia and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ), initiative includes a rabies component with an overarching intended outcome of reducing dog rabies incidence in targeted areas. This initiative envisaged regional rabies activities in South-East Asia as well as specifically designed pilot projects in the Philippines, Myanmar and Cambodia. While remaining anchored to the envisioned outcome, its implementation from 2013 to 2016 also leveraged on the resources made available through the initiative to strategically generate tools, materials and examples that can potentially bridge long-standing gaps on dog rabies elimination in the region. This included developing approaches on rabies communication strategy, risk-based approach for the prioritization of mass dog vaccination, rabies case investigation, post-vaccination monitoring, building capacity through pilot vaccination projects, One Health operationalization at the grass-root level, and reinforcing high-level political support through regional and national rabies strategy development. These are briefly described in this paper and are also further detailed in a series of publications which individually document these approaches for future utility of the countries in the region, or wherever these may be deemed fitting. The STANDZ rabies initiative leaves behind a legacy of materials and mechanisms that can potentially contribute in strategically addressing rabies in the region and in achieving the global vision of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030.
10
Squiers, Linda, Mariam Siddiqui, Ishu Kataria, Preet K. Dhillon, Aastha Aggarwal, Carla Bann, Molly Lynch, and Laura Nyblade. Perceived, Experienced, and Internalized Cancer Stigma: Perspectives of Cancer Patients and Caregivers in India. RTI Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0044.2104.
Full textAbstract:
Cancer stigma may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This exploratory, pilot study was conducted in India to explore the degree to which cancer stigma is perceived, experienced, and internalized among adults living with cancer and their primary caregivers. We conducted a survey of cancer patients and their caregivers in two Indian cities. The survey assessed perceived, experienced, and internalized stigma; demographic characteristics; patient cancer history; mental health; and social support. A purposive sample of 20 cancer survivor and caregiver dyads was drawn from an ongoing population-based cohort study. Overall, 85 percent of patients and 75 percent of caregivers reported experiencing some level (i.e., yes response to at least one of the items) of perceived, experienced, or internalized stigma. Both patients (85 percent) and caregivers (65 percent) perceived that community members hold at least one stigmatizing belief or attitude toward people with cancer. About 60 percent of patients reported experiencing stigma, and over one-third of patients and caregivers had internalized stigma. The findings indicate that fatalistic beliefs about cancer are prevalent, and basic education about cancer for the general public, patients, and caregivers is required. Cancer-related stigma in India should continue to be studied to determine and address its prevalence, root causes, and influence on achieving physical and mental health-related outcomes.