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Journal articles on the topic 'Thio Pyrimidines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Verma, Vishal, Chandra Prakash Joshi, Alka Agarwal, Sakshi Soni, and Udichi Kataria. "A Review on Pharmacological Aspects of Pyrimidine Derivatives." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5 (2020): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4295.

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Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine. One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has the nitrogens at positions 1 and 3 in the ring. Pyrimidines are typically synthesized by the “Principal Synthesis” involving cyclization of beta-dicarbonyl compounds with N-C-N compounds. Reaction of the former with amidines to give 2-substituted pyrimidines, with urea to give 2-pyrimidiones, and guanidines to give 2-aminopyrimidines are typical. Pyrimidines can be prepared via the biginelli reaction. Many other methods

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2

Ho, Yuh-Wen, and Maw Cherng Suen. "Thioxopyrimidine in Heterocyclic Synthesis I: Synthesis of Some Novel 6-(Heteroatom-substituted)-(thio)pyrimidine Derivatives." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/765243.

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A series of novel N-cycloalkanes, morpholine, piperazines, pyrazole, pyrimidine, benzimidazolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, azopyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine, pyrimido[4', 5':3,4]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and pyridine derivatives incorporating a 5-cyano-4-methyl-2-phenyl-(thio)pyrimidine moiety were obtained by the intramolecular cyclization of 6-methylthio-pyrimidine, 6-(benzoylmethyl)thio- pyrimidine and 2-[(5-cyano-4-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidin-6-yl)thio]-3-dimethyl- amino-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-one with appropriate amines and enaminone compounds, respectively. The structur

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3

Povidaichyk, M., О. Onysko, and M. Onysko. "SYNTHESIS OF TERMINAL 2-ALKENYL(ALKYNYL)THIO-5-CYANO-6-(p-DIMETHYLAMINOPHENYL)PYRIMIDIN-4-ONES." Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod University. Series «Chemistry» 48, no. 2 (2023): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2414-0260.2022.2.79-83.

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Functionalized pyrimidines possess a wide spectrum of biological activity. In particular, they have antitumor, antiviral, and anticonvulsant activities, exhibit anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and they are inhibitors of aldose reductase, SecA ATPase, azide, and plant growth. The search for methods of synthesis of new functionalized and condensed pyrimidine derivatives is an urgent problem. Alkenyl-functionalized mono- and polycyclic pyrimidines are promise substrates for studying the regioselectivity of electroph ilic heterocyclization reactions under the influence of halogen-co

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4

Ofitserova, Ekaterina S., Lilia N. Alekseeva, Artem A. Shklyarenko, and Igor P. Yakovlev. "Biological activity of new 6-[(1-naphthylmethyl)thio)]-4-chloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 20, no. 1-2 (2020): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2020.20.1.146-151.

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Topicality. This article presents the results of the study of the biological activity of newly synthesized 6-[(1-naphthylmethyl)thio]-4-chloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. The acute toxicity of 6-[(1-naphthylmethyl)thio]-4-chloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines was determined experimentally on non-linear white male mice with a total weight of 1620 g. A generation model was used to experimentally evaluate the analgesic activity acetic writhing in male mice. It was experimentally confirmed that the new synthesized 6-[(1-naphthylmethyl)thio]-4-chloropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were non-toxic and had prono

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5

Gorneva, Galina, Rada Mateva, Roumyana Gugova, and Evgeny Golovinsky. "The study of the apoptogenic effect of pyrimidine derivatives on murine leukemia cells." Archive of Oncology 13, no. 2 (2005): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0502062g.

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BACKGROUND: In the light of the recent findings concerning the role of apoptosis and of tumor cell enzymes in cancer chemotherapy, the interest in pyrimidine derivatives has greatly increased. Thio- and hydrazine- pyrimidines were synthesized as potential antimetabolites inhibiting the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. Some of them demonstrated biological activity, including antibacterial and antitumor action. The aim of this study was to analyze the cytotoxic activity and the ability of some derivatives to induce apoptosis in murine leukemia cells. METHODS: Exponentially growing cells were incub

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6

Zhylko, Vasyl, Lesya Saliyeva, Nataliia Slyvka, et al. "Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of 3-Aryl-6,7-Dihydro-5H-[1,3]Thiazolo[3,2-a]Pyrimidines." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 19, no. 2 (2025): 250–58. https://doi.org/10.23939/chcht19.02.250.

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A series of 3-aryl-6,7-dihydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines was obtained by cyclocondensation of tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one with 2-bromo-1-arylethanones. It was established that the nature of the substituent in the aromatic nucleus of phenacyl bromide significantly affects the course of this type of reaction. In particular, in the case of 2-bromo-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone, the target bicyclic product is formed as a result of boiling in ethanol for 4 hours, whereas the reaction time for the cyclocondensation of tetrahydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione with other bromomethylaryl ketones was

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7

Goyal, Ankush, Baljeet Kaur, Amandeep Kaur, Vivek K. Gupta, and Monika Gupta. "SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF 2-(4-SUBSTITUTED BENZYLIDENE)- 7-METHYL-2H-THIAZOLO[3, 2-A] PYRIMIDINE-3,5-DIONES." INDIAN DRUGS 60, no. 07 (2023): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.60.07.12341.

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The organosulphur thiazolo-pyrimidines are fused heterocyclic compounds that can be anticipated as 7-thio counterparts of the genuine purine bases such as guanine and adenine. They have attained a growing significance in the domain of drug chemistry because of their diverse pharmacological activities. In the current study, 2-substituted benzylidene-7-methyl-2H-thiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidine-3,5-dione derivatives were synthesised. The synthetic compounds were tested against the human myelomonocytic leukaemia cell line (U-937) for their ability to inhibit cancer cell growth as well as against Gram

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8

Al-Omran, Fatima, and Adel A. El-Khair. "Studies with 2-(acetonylthio)benzothiazole. New routes to isoxazoles, isoxazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, pyridines and quinolizines." Journal of Chemical Research 2009, no. 7 (2009): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823409x464412.

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Derivatives of isoxazole, isoxazolo[3,4- b]pyridine, pyrazolo-[1,5- a]pyrimidine and pyridin-2(1 H)-one incorporating a benzothiazole-2-thio residue have been synthesised. The structures of these newly synthesised compounds are characterised by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, NOE and MS.

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9

Gabrielsen, B., J. J. Kirsi, C. D. Kwong, et al. "In vitro and in vivo antiviral (RNA) evaluation of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors and analogues including 6-azauridine-5′-(ethyl methoxyalaninyl)phosphate (a 5′-monophosphate prodrug)." Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 5, no. 4 (1994): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029400500402.

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A series of 29 pyrimidines comprising analogues of 6-azauridine (e.g. 2- and 4-thio-6-azauridine), 6-substituted uridines (including several known inhibitors of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase, ODCase, e.g. pyrazofurin), and 6-azauridine-5′-(ethyl methoxyalaninyl) phosphate (a potential prodrug of 6-AU-5′-MP) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo against five RNA viruses: Japanese encephalitis (JE), yellow fever (YF), sandfly fever (SF), Punta Tora (PT) and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses. 2-Thio-6-azauridine demonstrated the best In vitro activity agai

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10

Held, Heike A., Abhijit Roychowdhury, and Steven A. Benner. "C-5 Modified Nucleosides: Direct Insertion of Alkynyl-Thio Functionality in Pyrimidines." Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 22, no. 4 (2003): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ncn-120022030.

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11

Vlasov, Sergiy V., Olena D. Vlasova, Hanna I. Severina, et al. "Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of 6-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-thio-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines." Scientia Pharmaceutica 89, no. 4 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm89040049.

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The rapid development in bacterial resistance to many groups of known antibiotics forces the researchers to discover antibacterial drug candidates with previously unknown mechanisms of action, one of the most relevant being the inhibition of tRNA (Guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase (TrmD). The discovery of selective TrmD inhibitors in the series of carboxamide derivatives of thienopyrimidines became a background for further modification of the similar structures aimed at the development of promising antibacterial agents. As part of this research, we carried out the construction of heterocyclic hy

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12

Voskoboynik, Oleksii Yu, Oleksandra S. Kolomoets, Galyna G. Berest, Inna S. Nosulenko, Yuliya V. Martynenko, and Sergiy I. Kovalenko. "Preparation and biological properties of 2-thio-containing pyrimidines and their condensed analogs." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 53, no. 3 (2017): 256–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-017-2048-2.

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13

Mahran, Asma Mohamed, Nasser Abdelhamid Hassan, Dalia Ahmed A. Osman, Sherif Shaban Ragab, and Allam Abdelhamid Hassan. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidines derived from 6-aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 71, no. 5-6 (2016): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2015-0265.

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Abstract Starting from 6-aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil derivative 1a–f, a series of novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines 4a–f were synthesized. The mechanism and the regioselectivity of the studied reactions are discussed. In addition, a series of tetrahydro-4-H-pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines 7a–e and 2-((ethoxymethyl)thio)-4-aryl-1,6-dihydropyrimidines 9b,c,e were synthesized. The anti-microbial activities of some of the prepared compounds were screened, and the results revealed that compounds 3c and 4c were more active than the standard (Ampicillin) against gram positive bacteria (Pseudomonas aerugin

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14

Tavagnacco, C., S. Peressini, G. Costa, M. Borsari, and R. Battistuzzi. "Electrochemistry of 2-thio- and 2-oxo-pyrimidines in dimethyl formamide in the presence of dioxygen." Inorganica Chimica Acta 270, no. 1-2 (1998): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(97)05834-9.

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15

Shukurov, S. Sh, and M. A. Kukaniev. "New synthesis of 2-R-thio-7-methyl-5-oxo-5H-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 28, no. 8 (1992): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00531342.

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16

CLEMENT, M. A., та S. H. BERGER. "ChemInform Abstract: Biological and Antitumor Activity of a Series of 4′-Thio-β-D- ribofuranosyl Pyrimidines." ChemInform 23, № 47 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199247251.

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17

SHUKUROV, S. SH, and M. A. KUKANIEV. "ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of 2-(R-Thio)-7-methyl-5-oxo-5H-1,3,4-thiadiazolo(3,2-a) pyrimidines." ChemInform 24, no. 43 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199343156.

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18

Speina, Elzbieta, Jarosław M. Cieśla, Maria-Anna Graziewicz, Jacques Laval, Zygmunt Kazimierczuk, and Barbara Tudek. "Inhibition of DNA repair glycosylases by base analogs and tryptophan pyrolysate, Trp-P-1." Acta Biochimica Polonica 52, no. 1 (2005): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2005_3503.

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DNA base analogs, 2,4,5,6-substituted pyrimidines and 2,6-substituted purines were tested as potential inhibitors of E. coli Fpg protein (formamidopyrimidine -DNA glycosylase). Three of the seventeen compounds tested revealed inhibitory properties. 2-Thioxanthine was the most efficient, inhibiting 50% of 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5N-methyl-formamidopyrimidine (Fapy-7MeG) excision activity at 17.1 microM concentration. The measured K(i) was 4.44 +/- 0.15 microM. Inhibition was observed only when the Fpg protein was first challenged to its substrate followed by the addition of the base analog, sugge

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19

Karlström, Sofia, Gunnar Nordvall, Daniel Sohn, et al. "Substituted 7-Amino-5-thio-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines as Potent and Selective Antagonists of the Fractalkine Receptor (CX3CR1)." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 56, no. 8 (2013): 3177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm3012273.

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20

Makurat, Samanta, Paulina Spisz, Witold Kozak, Janusz Rak, and Magdalena Zdrowowicz. "5-Iodo-4-thio-2′-Deoxyuridine as a Sensitizer of X-ray Induced Cancer Cell Killing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (2019): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061308.

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Nucleosides, especially pyrimidines modified in the C5-position, can act as radiosensitizers via a mechanism that involves their enzymatic triphosphorylation, incorporation into DNA, and a subsequent dissociative electron attachment (DEA) process. In this paper, we report 5-iodo-4-thio-2′-deoxyuridine (ISdU) as a compound that can effectively lead to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cellular death, which is proven by a clonogenic assay. The test revealed that the survival of cells, pre-treated with 10 or 100 µM solution of ISdU and exposed to 0.5 Gy of IR, was reduced from 78.4% (for non-treate

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21

A-Ani, Zaid S. M., Sana A. Abdulmawjood, Adel O. A. Al-Hussain, and Shihab A. Al-Bajari. "Synthesis and Biological Activity of few Pyrimidines Derivatives against Hepatic Injury Stimulated by Carbon Tetrachloride in Male Rats." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 04 (2022): 1496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.4.02.

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In the presence of sodium hydroxide, substituted chalcones are reacted with cyanoguandine in ethanol, and some chalcone compounds are used as a nucleus in the preparation of some five-, hexa-, and hepta-, heterocyclic compounds pyrimidine (pyrimidines derivatives), pyrimidine derivatives (A1, A2, and A3). Contains therapeutic properties and bioactivity, and has been used to treat various ailments. This study aimed to learn more about how pyrimidine derivatives could help mitigate the undesirable implications of carbon tetrachloride. a group of 50 male rats were separated into 5 groups: healthy

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22

Severina, Hanna, Olga O. Skupa, Natalya I. Voloshchuk, Marharyta M. Suleiman, and Victoriya A. Georgiyants. "Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 6-methyl-2-((2-oxo-2-arylethyl)thio)pyrimidin-4(3 H)-one derivatives and products of their cyclization." Pharmacia 66, no. 3 (2019): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38137.

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The alkylation of 6-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-4-one phenacyl bromides under different conditions was investigated. It was found that during the reaction in the medium of DMF/K2CO3 a mixture of 2-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)thio-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4(3H)-one and 3-hydroxy-3-aryl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5-one was formed. The holding of the resulting mixture in the concentrated sulphuric acid leads to the formation of cyclization products - derivatives of 3-aryl-7-methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one with high yields. Individual S-alkylated derivatives – 2-(2-

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23

Severina, Hanna I., Olga O. Skupa, Natalya I. Voloshchuk, Marharyta M. Suleiman, and Victoriya A. Georgiyants. "Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 6-methyl-2-((2-oxo-2-arylethyl)thio)pyrimidin-4(3 H)-one derivatives and products of their cyclization." Pharmacia 66, no. (3) (2019): 141–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.66.e38137.

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The alkylation of 6-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-4-one phenacyl bromides under different conditions was investigated. It was found that during the reaction in the medium of DMF/K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> a mixture of 2-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)thio-6-methyl-pyrimidine-4(3H)-one and 3-hydroxy-3-aryl-7-methyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5-one was formed. The holding of the resulting mixture in the concentrated sulphuric acid leads to the formation of cyclization products - derivatives of 3-aryl-7-methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one with high yields. Individual S-alkylat

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24

Dhokale, Namdeo T., Satish B. Kale, Sadashiv S. Nagre, Shankaraiah G. Konda, and Navanath R. Dalvi. "A convenient and efficient synthesis of 2-thio-5-hydroxy-5H-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-d] pyrimidines via ultrasonic irradiation compared with conventional method." Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 5 (2022): 100282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2022.100282.

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25

Ravish, Akshay, Bhanuprakash C. Narasimhachar, Zhang Xi та ін. "Development of Piperazine- and Oxazine-Linked Pyrimidines as p65 Subunit Binders of NF–κB in Human Breast Cancer Cells". Biomedicines 11, № 10 (2023): 2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102716.

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Nuclear factor kappa B (NF–κB) is a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. In the current study, a new class of oxazine– and piperazine–linked pyrimidines was developed as inhibitors of NF–κB, overcoming the complexity of the oxazine structure found in nature and enabling synthesis under laboratory conditions. Among the series of synthesized and tested oxazine–pyrimidine and piperazine–pyrimidine derivatives, compounds 3a and 5b inhibited breast cancer cell (MCF–7) viability with an IC50 value of 9.17 and 6.29 µM, respectively. In silico docking studies showed that the pyrimidine ring

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26

Youssif, Shaker, and Sahera F. Mohamed. "6-Amino-2-thio- and 6-Aminouracils as Precursors for the Synthesis of Antiviral and Antimicrobial Methylenebis(2-thiouracils), Tricyclic Pyrimidines, and 6-Alkylthiopurine-2-ones." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 139, no. 2 (2007): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-007-0753-8.

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27

Gülten, Şirin, Ufuk Gezer, and Elmas Aksanli Gündoğan. "Fast and Efficient One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Some 1,2,3,4- Tetrahydro-6-methyl-N-phenyl-5-pyrimidinecarboxamide Derivatives via Biginelli Condensation Reaction." Letters in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 5 (2020): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666190819142221.

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Tetrahydropyrimidine (THPM) synthesis has an enormous importance in organic chemistry and especially in pharmaceutical applications. Pyrimidines are the most active class of N-containing heterocyclic compounds and have different biological properties. The heterocyclic ring system with a thio group occupy a unique position in medicinal chemistry. This type of compounds play an important role in synthetic drugs and in biological processes. Dihydropyrimidinethione derivatives occur widely in nature. Several modifications of THPM-5-carboxamides have attracted considerable interest of medicinal che

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28

Alvarez, Julio, Alain Coulombe, Olivier Cazorla, et al. "ATP/UTP activate cation-permeable channels with TRPC3/7 properties in rat cardiomyocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 1 (2008): H21—H28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00135.2008.

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Extracellular purines and pyrimidines have major effects on cardiac rhythm and contraction. ATP/UTP are released during various physiopathological conditions, such as ischemia, and despite degradation by ectonucleotidases, their interstitial concentrations can markedly increase, a fact that is clearly associated with arrhythmia. In the present whole cell patch-clamp analysis on ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from various mammalian species, ATP and UTP elicited a sustained, nonselective cationic current, IATP. UDP was ineffective, whereas 2′(3′)- O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP was active, sugges

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29

Harnden, MR, and DT Hurst. "The Chemistry of Pyrimidinethiols. III. The Synthesis of Some Substituted Pyrimidinthiols and Some Thiazolo[5,4-D]pyrimidines." Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 1 (1990): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9900055.

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The preparation of a number of pyrimidinethiols and (substituted) thiopyrimidines has been carried out. The reaction of 5-acetylamino-2-aminopyrimidine-4,6-diol with phosphorus penta -sulfide in pyridine gave 5-amino-2-methylthiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-7-thiol which was used to prepare several additional novel pyrimidine derivatives. Hydrolysis of the 4-carboxymethylthio derivative by using 5M hydrochloric acid gave 2,5-diamino-6-mercaptopyrimidin-4-ol hy -drochloride whilst hydrolysis of 2-methyl-7-methylthiothiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-5-amine gave the corresponding 4-hydroxy derivative. Several 4

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30

Karale, B. K., C. H. Gill, Mohib Khan, V. P. Chavan, A. S. Mane, and M. S. Shingare. "Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-[(chromon-3-yl)methylene]-1-phenylpyrazolin-5(4H)-ones and Their Conversion into 2-Thio-5-hydroxy-5H-[1]-benzopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidines." ChemInform 34, no. 1 (2003): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200301157.

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31

Liu, Guocheng, Jiaxi Xu, Mingwu Yu, et al. "New Approach to Synthesize Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 6-(N-Alkyl(Aryl)Amino)- and 6-(N,N-Dialkyl(Aryl)Amino)-2,4-Bis(Alkyl(Aryl)Thio)Pyrimidines as anti-Platelet Agents." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 187, no. 5 (2012): 650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2011.636782.

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32

Hassan, Saieba S., and Hassan, Abdulkarim H. Al-syar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Uracil Derivatives and their Biological Activity." Thamar University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences 1, no. 1 (2023): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.59167/tujnas.v1i1.1250.

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This research includes the synthesis of thirty derivatives of uracil.  Nucleophilic substitution reaction (thiol, alkylthio, hydrazino,  thioacid,.. etc) of 4-chlorouracil afforded the corresponding  derivatives. The 4-(2`-thiol-1` ,3`,4`-oxadiazole-5`-thiomethyl) uracil  (12), ( N` - phenyl – 2` - thio -1` ,3`,4`-triazole-5`-methyl)-(2,6- dihydroxy-4-pyrimidinyl) sulphide (14) and 5-(2`,6`-dihydroxy-4`- pyrimidinyl thioacetamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (15), were  synthesized by treatment of 4-thioacetichydrazide uracil (11) with  carbon disu

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33

Karpenko, Yu V., O. I. Panasenko, S. M. Kulish, and A. V. Domnich. "Synthesis and acute toxicity of new S-derivatives (1,2,4-triazole-3(2H)-yl)methyl) thiopyrimidines." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 16, no. 2 (2023): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2023.2.274586.

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In the literature, there is insufficient information on the synthesis of compounds in a series of pyrimidine-2-thiol derivatives containing a five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic fragment; at the same time, there are a sufficient number of examples, demonstrating the synthetic and biological potential for compounds of this kind. The relevance of the study “structure – acute toxicity” relationship in a number of newly synthesized derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3(2H)-thione with pyrimidine-2-thiol is due to the synthesis of potential low molecular weight interferon inducers and antitumo

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34

Paronikyan, E. G., Sh F. Akopyan, A. S. Noravyan, I. A. Dzhagatspanyan, I. M. Nazaryan, and A. G. Akopyan. "Synthesis and neurotropic activity of 6-thio-substituted pyrano[3,4-c]pyridine and 1-aminopyrano[4,3-d]-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives and 9-substituted pyrido[2,3-b]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 44, no. 4 (2010): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-010-0426-5.

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B., SRINIVAS, and SRINIVASULU K. "Separation of some Purines and Pyrimidines by Thin Layer Chromatography using Heulandite as an Adsorbent." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 71, Nov 1994 (1994): 711–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5897777.

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School of Studies in Chemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain-456 010 <em>Manuscript received 15 March 1993, revised 16 July 1993, accepted 30 July 1993</em> Separation of some Purines and Pyrimidines by Thin Layer Chromatography using Heulandite as an Adsorbent.

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36

Jismy, Badr, Abdellatif Tikad, Mohamed Akssira, Gérald Guillaumet, and Mohamed Abarbri. "Efficient Access to 3,5-Disubstituted 7-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines Involving SNAr and Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions." Molecules 25, no. 9 (2020): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092062.

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An efficient and original synthesis of various 3,5-disubstituted 7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines is reported. A library of compounds diversely substituted in C-3 and C-5 positions was easily prepared from a common starting material, 3-bromo-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one. In C-5 position, a SNAr type reaction was achieved by first activating the C–O bond of the lactam function with PyBroP (Bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate), followed by the addition of amine or thiol giving monosubstituted derivatives, whereas in C-3 position, arylation was per

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37

Abu-Hashem, Ameen Ali, Sami A. Al-Hussain, and Magdi E. A. Zaki. "Synthesis of Novel Benzodifuranyl; 1,3,5-Triazines; 1,3,5-Oxadiazepines; and Thiazolopyrimidines Derived from Visnaginone and Khellinone as Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Agents." Molecules 25, no. 1 (2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010220.

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Novel (4-methoxy or 4,8-dimethoxy)-3-methyl-N-(6-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydro- pyrimidin-4-yl) benzo [1,2-b: 5, 4-b’] difuran-2-carboxamide (5a–b) has been synthesized by the reaction of visnagenone–ethylacetate (2a) or khellinone–ethylacetate (2b) with 6-aminothiouracil in dimethylformamide or refluxing of benzofuran-oxy-N-(2-thioxopyrimidine) acetamide (4a–b) in sodium ethoxide to give the same products (5a,b) in good yields. Thus, compounds 5a–b are used as an initiative to prepare many new heterocyclic compounds such as 2-(4-(3-methylbenzodifuran- 2-carbox-amido) pyrimidine) acetic aci

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38

Abu-Hashem, Ameen Ali, Sami A. Al-Hussain, and Magdi E. A. Zaki. "Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of New Polycyclic: Imidazole, Thiazine, Oxathiine, Pyrrolo-Quinoxaline and Thienotriazolopyrimidine Derivatives." Molecules 26, no. 7 (2021): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072031.

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In this article, we showed the synthesis of new polycyclic aromatic compounds, such as thienotriazolopyrimidinones, N-(thienotriazolopyrimidine) acetamide, 2-mercapto-thienotriazolo-pyrimidinones, 2-(((thieno-triazolopyrimidine) methyl) thio) thieno-triazolopyrimidines, thieno-pyrimidotriazolo-thiazines, pyrrolo-triazolo-thienopyrimidines, thienopyrimido-triazolopyrrolo-quinoxalines, thienopyrimido-triazolo-pyrrolo-oxathiino-quinoxalinones, 1,4-oxathiino-pyrrolo- triazolothienopyrimidinones, imidazopyrrolotriazolothienopyrimidines and 1,2,4-triazoloimidazo- pyrrolotriazolothienopyrimidindiones

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., Samiya, Supriyo Saha, Vikash Jakhmola, Nidhi Gairola, and Mahipal Singh. "Molecular Docking, Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity against MCF-7, and In-vitro Alpha Amylase Activities of Newer Generation Pyrimidino Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 02 (2024): 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.2.06.

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A set of newer generation pyrimidine hydroxamic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell line and in-vitro alpha-amylase activity. The design of the molecules was fully dependent upon the structural features of suberoyl anilide hydroxamic acid. Then all the designed molecules (S1-S100) were docked with 4LXZ HDAC2 enzyme and S1, S2, S16 showed good docking interaction scores as compared to SAHA. The interacting residues of (S1, S2, S16) and 4LXZ showed similar amino acid lining as present in the active site. The synthet

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40

Kalluraya, Balakrishna, Sharatha Kumar, and Priya. "Synthesis and SAR Studies of Some Novel Series of Pyrimidine Analogues." Asian Journal of Chemistry 36, no. 10 (2024): 2397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.32345.

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A series of novel ethyl-4-methyl-6-phenyl-2-(substituted thio)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (4a-m), ethyl-4-methyl-phenyl-2-(substituted sulfinyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (5a-m) and ethyl-4-methyl-phenyl-2-(substituted sulfonyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (6a-m) were synthesized by multi-step organic synthesis. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LCMS and elemental analysis. Most of the compounds showed significant antibacterial and anticancer activity comparable to or higher than the standard employed.

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Kim, Na Young, Divakar Vishwanath, Zhang Xi, et al. "Discovery of Pyrimidine- and Coumarin-Linked Hybrid Molecules as Inducers of JNK Phosphorylation through ROS Generation in Breast Cancer Cells." Molecules 28, no. 8 (2023): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083450.

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Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer exhibits early relapses, poor prognoses, and high recurrence rates. Herein, a JNK-targeting compound has been developed that may be of utility in HER2-positive mammary carcinoma. The design of a pyrimidine-and coumarin-linked structure targeting JNK was explored and the lead structure PC-12 [4-(3-((2-((4-chlorobenzyl)thio) pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)propoxy)-6-fluoro-2H-chromen-2-one (5d)] was observed to selectively inhibit the proliferation of HER2-positive BC cells. The compound PC-12 exerted DNA damage and induced apoptosis in

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Ali, M., Assem Barakat, Ayman El-Faham, et al. "Enamine Barbiturates and Thiobarbiturates as a New Class of Bacterial Urease Inhibitors." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 3523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103523.

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Urease is a therapeutic target associated with several important diseases and health problems. Based on our previous work on the inhibition of glucosidase and other enzymes and exploiting the privileged structure assigned to the (thio)barbiturate (pyrimidine) scaffold, here we tested the capacity of two (thio)barbiturate-based compound collections to inhibit urease. Several compounds showed more activity than acetohydroxamic acid as a standard tested compound. In addition, by means of a conformational study and using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method, we identified energetically low-l

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Bhoge, N. D., B. K. Magare, and P. B. Mohite. "Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of novel tetrazoles clubbed with pyrimidine." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences 9, no. 2 (2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jpbs.2021.016.

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An attempt was made to synthesize pyrimidine tetrazole derivatives of pharmaceutical interest by oxidative cyclization of chalcones with adequate yield and purity, prompted by the diversity of their wider usage and the fact that they are an integral part of genetic content. The present work involves the reaction of 5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-tetrazole with acetic anhydride to yield 1-[5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl] ethanone (1) and which then treated with different aromatic aldehydes in presence of alkaline medium to chalcones (2a-f). Reaction of chalcones (2a-f) with urea and thioure

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44

Karunakaran, R., K. Ebert, S. Harvey, M. E. Leonard, V. Ramachandran, and P. S. Poole. "Thiamine Is Synthesized by a Salvage Pathway in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Strain 3841." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 18 (2006): 6661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00641-06.

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ABSTRACT In the absence of added thiamine, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 3841 does not grow in liquid medium and forms only “pin” colonies on agar plates, which contrasts with the good growth of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021, Mesorhizobium loti 303099, and Rhizobium etli CFN42. These last three organisms have thiCOGE genes, which are essential for de novo thiamine synthesis. While R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 lacks thiCOGE, it does have thiMED. Mutation of thiM prevented formation of pin colonies on agar plates lacking added thiamine, suggesting thiamine intermediates are normall

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45

Jean Missa Ehouman, Georges Stéphane Dembélé, Mamadou Guy-Richard Koné, Donourou Diabaté, Yafigui Traoré, and Nahossé Ziao. "Reactivity of three pyrimidine derivatives, potential analgesics, by the DFT method and study of their docking on cyclooxygenases-1 and 2." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 2676–91. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.2.3497.

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Three pyrimidine derivatives, namely 4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-6-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (DMPN), 4-(4-aminophenyl)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-ol (DMPO) and 4-(4-aminophenyl)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]pyrimidine-2-thiol (DMPS), with analgesic properties established by a QSAR study, were subjected to reactivity parameter studies using the DFT method, at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Studies of the docking of these molecules to cyclooxygenases 1 (PDB ID: 5U6X) and 2 (PDB ID: 5F19) were also carried out using the CB-Dock online program. Reactivity parameter calcul

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46

Jean, Missa Ehouman, Stéphane Dembélé Georges, Guy-Richard Koné Mamadou, Diabaté Donourou, Traoré Yafigui, and Ziao Nahossé. "Reactivity of three pyrimidine derivatives, potential analgesics, by the DFT method and study of their docking on cyclooxygenases-1 and 2." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 2676–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15142640.

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Three pyrimidine derivatives, namely 4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-6-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (DMPN), 4-(4-aminophenyl)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-ol (DMPO) and 4-(4-aminophenyl)-6-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]pyrimidine-2-thiol (DMPS), with analgesic properties established by a QSAR study, were subjected to reactivity parameter studies using the DFT method, at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Studies of the docking of these molecules to cyclooxygenases 1 (PDB ID: 5U6X) and 2 (PDB ID: 5F19) were also carried out using the CB-Dock online program. Reactivity parameter calcul

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47

Cacciari, Barbara, Romeo Romagnoli, Arianna Romani, Alessandro Trentini, and Stefania Hanau. "Thio-substituted derivatives of 4-amino-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-thiol as antiproliferative agents." Future Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 18 (2021): 1515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2021-0131.

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The current study was designed to identify new compounds as potential antiproliferative drug candidates. Synthesis of heteroaromatic bicyclic and monocyclic derivatives as purine bioisosters was employed. Their antiproliferative activity was studied against U937 cancer cells. The most effective compounds were evaluated for their selectivity against cancer cells, the possible mechanism of cell death, and their interference with DNA replication. Among the synthesized compounds, only three (4b, 4j and 4l) demonstrated a value of IC50 less than 20 μM. However, two of them (4b and 4l) were specific

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48

Reheim, Mohamed A. M. A., Ibrahim S. A. Hafiz, and Hend S. E. A. Rady. "Utility of Diketone in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of New Substituted Pyrimidines and Fused Pyrimidine of Potential Biosignificant Interest." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 8 (2018): 1171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179415666180918161101.

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Aim and Objective: In this study, a new series of iminopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of the key intermediate 2-imino-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(5H)-one 4 with a variety of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents under a variety of mild conditions. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. The antimicrobial activity of this series was evaluated in vitro and they showed either weak or moderate activities. Materials and Methods: All melting points were measured using Akofle

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49

Karpenko, Yu V., and O. I. Panasenko. "Search for antibacterial activity in a number of new S-derivatives (1,2,4-triazole-3(2H)-yl)methyl)thiopyrimidines." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 14, no. 2 (2021): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2021.2.234565.

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The relevance of the study of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with pyrimidine fragment is due to the synthesis of potential broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, low molecular weight inducers of interferon, and antitumor agents, search for molecular descriptors of their structure, important for establishing patterns “structure – biological activity”. The aim of the work is a computer search for the antibacterial action of new hybrids of 1,2,4-triazole-3(2H)-thiol with a pyrimidine fragment in relation to 5 test cultures, to establish the dependence of “structure – action”. Materials and methods. For

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VERRI, Annalisa, Federico FOCHER, Richard J. DUNCOMBE, et al. "Anti-(herpes simplex virus) activity of 4′-thio-2′-deoxyuridines: a biochemical investigation for viral and cellular target enzymes." Biochemical Journal 351, no. 2 (2000): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3510319.

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The antiviral activity of several nucleoside analogues is often limited by their rapid degradation by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases. In an attempt to avoid this degradation, several modified nucleosides have been synthesized. A series of 4´-thio-2´-deoxyuridines exhibits an anti-[herpes simplex virus (HSV)] activity significantly higher (20–600 times) than that shown by the corresponding 4´-oxy counterpart. We investigated the mode of action of these compounds and we found that: (i) several 4´-thio-2´-deoxyuridines are phosphorylated to the mono- and di-phosphates by HSV-1 thymidine kin

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