Journal articles: 'Thioglycolic acid lignin'

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Suzuki, Shiro, Yoshie Suzuki, Naoki Yamamoto, Takefumi Hattori, Masahiro Sakamoto, and Toshiaki Umezawa. "High-throughput determination of thioglycolic acid lignin from rice." Plant Biotechnology 26, no. 3 (2009): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.26.337.

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Shimada, Natsumi, Taku Tsuyama, and Ichiro Kamei. "Rapid Determination of Thioglycolic Acid Lignin for Various Biomass Samples." Mokuzai Gakkaishi 65, no. 1 (2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.25.

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Kanis, Luiz Alberto, Rodrigo Damian Antonio, Ériston Paes Antunes, Josiane Somariva Prophiro, and Onilda Santos da Silva. "Larvicidal effect of dried leaf extracts from Pinus caribaea against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae)." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 42, no. 4 (2009): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822009000400003.

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In this study, the larvicidal activity of dried leaf extracts from Pinus caribaea Morelet against Aedes aegypti was evaluated for the first time. Pinus caribaea extracts were obtained by macerating dried leaves in alkaline hydroethanol, ethanol and acetone solutions followed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The lignin content was quantified using the thioglycolic acid complexation method. Lethality bioassays (LC50 and LC90) were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The results showed that the acetone extract from Pinus caribaea was more active, and that larvicidal activity was associated with lignin concentration.

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Govender, Nisha, Idris Abu-Seman, and Wong Mui-Yun. "Root Lignin Composition and Content in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Genotypes with Different Defense Responses to Ganoderma boninense." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (2020): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101487.

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Basal stem rot of oil palms (OPs) is caused by Ganoderma boninense, a white-rot fungus. Root tissues are the primary route for G. boninense penetration and subsequent pathogenesis on OPs. Little is known on the host lignin biochemistry and selectivity for G. boninense degradation. Oil palm genotypes with different defense responses to G. boninense (highly tolerant, intermediately tolerant, and susceptible) were assessed for root lignin biochemistry (lignin content and composition), plant functional traits (height, fresh weight, girth), chlorophyll content, and root elemental nutrient content. One-year-old seedlings and five-year-old trees were screened for root thioglycolic acid lignin (TGA) content, lignin composition, and elemental nutrient depositions, while plant functional traits were evaluated in the one-year-old seedlings only. The TGA lignin in all the oil palm seedlings and trees ranged from 6.37 to 23.72 pM µg−1, whereas the nitrobenzene oxidation products showed a syringyl (S)-to-guaiacyl (G) ratios of 0.18–0.48. Tolerant genotypes showed significantly lower lignin content compared to the intermediately tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Likewise, the S/G ratio was higher in genotypes with lower lignin content. The depositions of root Fe, Si, Ti, S, and Cu were significantly different among the oil palm genotypes with the susceptible genotypes showing greater content than the tolerant genotypes.

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Taheri, Parissa, and Saeed Tarighi. "The Role of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in the Tomato-Rhizoctonia solani Interaction." Journal of Botany 2012 (February 23, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/137037.

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Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most destructive pathogens causing foot rot disease on tomato. In this study, the molecular and cellular changes of a partially resistant (Sunny 6066) and a susceptible (Rio Grande) tomato cultivar after infection with necrotrophic soil-borne fungus R. solani were compared. The expression of defense-related genes such as chitinase (LOC544149) and peroxidase (CEVI-1) in infected tomato cultivars was investigated using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method revealed elevated levels of expression for both genes in the partially resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible cultivar. One of the most prominent facets of basal plant defense responses is the formation of physical barriers at sites of attempted fungal penetration. These structures are produced around the sites of potential pathogen ingress to prevent pathogen progress in plant tissues. We investigated formation of lignin, as one of the most important structural barriers affecting plant resistance, using thioglycolic acid assay. A correlation was found between lignification and higher level of resistance in Sunny 6066 compared to Rio Grande cultivar. These findings suggest the involvement of chitinase, peroxidase, and lignin formation in defense responses of tomato plants against R. solani as a destructive pathogen.

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Chen, Minghua, Andr� J. Sommer, and Jerry W. McClure. "Fourier transform-IR determination of protein contamination in thioglycolic acid lignin from radish seedlings, and improved methods for extractive-free cell wall preparation." Phytochemical Analysis 11, no. 3 (2000): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1565(200005/06)11:3<153::aid-pca502>3.0.co;2-z.

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Moreira-Vilar, Flavia Carolina, Rita de Cássia Siqueira-Soares, Aline Finger-Teixeira, et al. "The Acetyl Bromide Method Is Faster, Simpler and Presents Best Recovery of Lignin in Different Herbaceous Tissues than Klason and Thioglycolic Acid Methods." PLoS ONE 9, no. 10 (2014): e110000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110000.

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Hotter, Grant S. "Elicitor-induced Oxidative Burst and Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Pinus radiata Cell Suspension Cultures." Functional Plant Biology 24, no. 6 (1997): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp96094.

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A cell wall elicitor preparation from the needle pathogen Dothistroma pini was used to induce defence responses in Pinus radiata cell suspension cultures. Addition of elicitor to cell suspensions induced a rapid, transient burst in the accumulation of H2O2, with maximal response between 20 and 40 min post-elicitation. The protein kinase inhibitors staurosporine and K252a inhibited H2O2 accumulation showing that protein phosphorylation is required in the signal transduction pathway leading to the oxidative burst. Over a more extended time period elicitation of suspension cells lead to the activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5), the first enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, increased 8-fold following elicitation with maximal activity 36 h post-elicitation. The activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.195), an enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis, increased 2.5-fold with maximal response 48–72 h post-elicitation. Thioglycolic acid extractable material increased 2-fold with maximal response 48–72 h post-elicitation, and phloroglucinol–HCl-positive material increased over the same time course. These data show that P. radiata suspension cells are an excellent model system for investigating the biochemistry and enzymology of pathogen defence responses in P. radiata.

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Stange, RichardR, and RoyE McDonald. "A simple and rapid method for determination of lignin in plant tissues—its usefulness in elicitor screening and comparison to the thioglycolic acid method." Postharvest Biology and Technology 15, no. 2 (1999): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(98)00076-3.

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Jiang, Ni-Hao, and Shi-Han Zhang. "Effects of Combined Application of Potassium Silicate and Salicylic Acid on the Defense Response of Hydroponically Grown Tomato Plants to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073750.

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Bacterial wilt, caused by soilborne pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, is a serious and widespread disease that affects global tomato production. Both silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) play important roles in enhancing tomato resistance against bacterial wilt, however, their combined effects on the defense responses of infected tomato plants remain unknown. Hence, the combined effects of Si and SA on physiological and biochemical parameters of R. solanacearum-infected tomato plants were investigated. The combination treatment of Si and SA significantly decreased disease incidences, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and ethylene (ET) production. The combined treatments were more prominent in improving the morphological traits of root systems, such as root length, root surface area, average root diameter and root volume. The activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) and the concentrations of total soluble phenolics (TSPs) and lignin-thioglycolic acid (LTGA) derivatives were significantly increased in the plants with combined treatments. Si in combination with SA could significantly enhance neutral invertase (NI) and acid invertases (AI) activities in the leaves of tomato plants at 3 days post-infection (dpi) compared with application of Si alone. Three defense-related genes, PAL, POD and pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1), were significantly induced in Si+SA treatment at 7 dpi when compared with individual application of Si or SA. The expression level of salicylic acid-binding protein 2 (SABP2) was significantly higher for combination treatment when compared with treatment of Si or SA alone. The possible mechanisms involved in the synergistic effects of Si and SA on the control of tomato bacterial wilt were proposed. This study indicates that under hypertonic conditions, the combined application of 2.0 mM potassium silicate (K2SiO3) and 0.5 mM SA had a synergistic effect on the control of tomato bacterial wilt.

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Nascimento, Kelly Juliane Telles, Daniel Debona, Sueny Kelly Santos França, Mariana Gabriele Marcolino Gonçalves, Fábio Murilo DaMatta, and Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues. "Soybean Resistance to Cercospora sojina Infection Is Reduced by Silicon." Phytopathology® 104, no. 11 (2014): 1183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-14-0047-r.

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Frogeye leaf spot, caused by Cercospora sojina, is one of the most important leaf diseases of soybean worldwide. Silicon (Si) is known to increase the resistance of several plant species to pathogens. The cultivars Bossier and Conquista, which are susceptible and resistant, respectively, to frogeye leaf spot, supplied and nonsupplied with Si were examined for the activities of defense enzymes and the concentrations of total soluble phenolics (TSP) and lignin-thioglycolic acid (LTGA) derivatives at 8, 14, and 16 days after inoculation (dai) with C. sojina. The importance of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE) to the infection process of C. sojina and the effect of Si on their activities were also determined. Soybean plants were grown in hydroponic culture containing either 0 or 2 mM Si (−Si and +Si, respectively) and noninoculated or C. sojina inoculated. Severity of frogeye leaf spot was higher in cultivar Bossier plants than cultivar Conquista and also in the +Si plants compared with their −Si counterparts. Except for the concentrations of TSP and LTGA derivatives, activities of defense enzymes and the CWDE did not change for +Si noninoculated plants regardless of the cultivar. The activities of lipoxygenases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, chitinases, and polyphenoloxidases as well as the activities of CWDE decreased for the +Si inoculated plants. The results from this study demonstrated that defense enzyme activities decreased in soybean plants supplied with Si, which compromised resistance to C. sojina infection.

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Araújo, Marcela Uli Peixoto, Jonas Alberto Rios, Ernesto Ticiano Silva, and Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues. "Silicon Alleviates Changes in the Source-Sink Relationship of Wheat Plants Infected by Pyricularia oryzae." Phytopathology® 109, no. 7 (2019): 1129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-18-0428-r.

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Blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, has become a devastating disease on wheat in several countries worldwide. Growers need alternative methods for blast management, and silicon (Si) stands out for its potential to decrease the intensity of important diseases in several crops. This study investigated the effect of Si on improving photoassimilate production on flag leaves of wheat plants and their partitioning to spikes in a scenario where blast symptoms decreased as a result of potentiation of defense mechanisms by Si. Wheat plants (cultivar BRS Guamirim) were grown in hydroponic culture with 0 or 2 mM Si and inoculated with P. oryzae at 10 days after anthesis. The Si concentration on flag leaves and spikes of Si-supplied plants increased and resulted in lower blast symptoms. High concentrations of total soluble phenols and lignin-thioglycolic acid derivatives and greater peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase activity occurred on flag leaves and spikes of Si-supplied plants and increased their resistance to blast. The concentration of photosynthetic pigments decreased and the photosynthetic performance of infected flag leaves and spikes from plants not supplied with Si was impaired for chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters including maximal photosystem II quantum efficiency, fraction of energy absorbed used in photochemistry, quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation, and quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation. The concentration of soluble sugars was lower on infected flag leaves and spikes from plants not supplied with Si, whereas the hexose-to-sucrose ratio increased on infected flag leaves. Sucrose-phosphate synthase activity was lower and acid invertase activity was higher on flag leaves and spikes of plants not supplied with Si, respectively, compared with Si-supplied plants. The starch concentration on spikes of Si-supplied plants increased. In conclusion, Si showed a beneficial effect in improving the source-sink relationship of infected flag leaves and spikes by preserving alterations in assimilate production and partitioning during the grain filling process.

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Fortunato, Alessandro Antonio, Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues, and Kelly Juliane Teles do Nascimento. "Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of the Resistance of Banana Plants to Fusarium Wilt Potentiated by Silicon." Phytopathology® 102, no. 10 (2012): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-12-0037-r.

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Silicon amendments to soil have resulted in a decrease of diseases caused by several soilborne pathogens affecting a wide number of crops. This study evaluated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that may have increased resistance of banana to Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, after treatment with silicon (Si) amendment. Plants from the Grand Nain (resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense) and “Maçã” (susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense) were grown in plastic pots amended with Si at 0 or 0.39 g/kg of soil (–Si or +Si, respectively) and inoculated with race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Relative lesion length (RLL) and asymptomatic fungal colonization in tissue (AFCT) were evaluated at 40 days after inoculation. Root samples were collected at different times after inoculation with F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense to determine the level of lipid peroxidation, expressed as equivalents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), total soluble phenolics (TSP), and lignin-thioglycolic acid (LTGA) derivatives; the activities of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyases glucanases (PALs), peroxidases (POXs), polyphenoloxidases (PPOs), β-1,3-glucanases (GLUs), and chitinases (CHIs); and Si concentration in roots. Root Si concentration was significantly increased by 35.3% for the +Si treatment compared with the –Si treatment. For Grand Nain, the root Si concentration was significantly increased by 12.8% compared with “Maçã.” Plants from Grand Nain and “Maçã” in the +Si treatment showed significant reductions of 40.0 and 57.2%, respectively, for RLL compared with the –Si treatment. For the AFCT, there was a significant reduction of 18.5% in the +Si treatment compared with the –Si treatment. The concentration of MDA significantly decreased for plants from Grand Nain and “Maçã” supplied with Si compared with the –Si treatment while the concentrations of H2O2 on roots and pigments on leaves significantly increased. The concentrations of TSP and LTGA derivatives as well as the PALs, PPOs, POXs, GLUs, and CHIs activities significantly increased on roots of plants from Grand Nain and “Maçã” from the +Si treatment compared with the –Si treatment. Results of this study suggest that the symptoms of Fusarium wilt on roots of banana plants supplied with Si decreased due to an increase in the concentrations of H2O2, TSP, and LTGA derivatives and greater activities of PALs, PPOs, POXs, GLUs, and CHIs.

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Dampanaboina, Lavanya, Ning Yuan, and Venugopal Mendu. "Estimation of Plant Biomass Lignin Content using Thioglycolic Acid (TGA)." Journal of Visualized Experiments, no. 173 (July 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/62055.

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Abdelgalil, Soad A., Ahmad R. Attia, Reyed M. Reyed, and Nadia A. Soliman. "Partial purification and biochemical characterization of a new highly acidic NYSO laccase from Alcaligenes faecalis." Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 18, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43141-020-00088-w.

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Abstract Background Due to the multitude industrial applications of ligninolytic enzymes, their demands are increasing. Partial purification and intensive characterization of contemporary highly acidic laccase enzyme produced by an Egyptian local isolate designated Alcaligenes faecalis NYSO were studied in the present investigation. Results Alcaligenes faecalis NYSO laccase has been partially purified and intensively biochemically characterized. It was noticed that 40–60% ammonium sulfate saturation showed maximum activity. A protein band with an apparent molecular mass of ~ 50 kDa related to NYSO laccase was identified through SDS-PAGE and zymography. The partially purified enzyme exhibited maximum activity at 55 °C and pH suboptimal (2.5–5.0). Remarkable activation for enzyme activity was recognized after 10-min exposure to temperatures (T) 50, 60, and 70 °C; time elongation caused inactivation, where ~ 50% of activity was lost after a 7-h exposure to 60 °C. Some metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, and Mg2+ caused strong stimulation for enzyme activity, but Fe2+ and Hg2+ reduced the activity. One millimolar of chelating agents [ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate, and sodium oxalate] caused strong activation for enzyme activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cysteine-HCl, dithiothreitol (DTT), β-mercaptoethanol, thioglycolic acid, and sodium azide caused strong inhibition for NYSO laccase activity even at low concentration. One millimolar of urea, imidazole, kojic acid, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), H2O2, and Triton X-100 caused activation. The partially purified NYSO laccase had decolorization activity towards different dyes such as congo red, crystal violet, methylene blue, fast green, basic fuchsin, bromophenol blue, malachite green, bromocresol purple eriochrome black T, and Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 with various degree of degradation. Also, it had a vast range of substrate specificity including lignin, but with high affinity towards p-anisidine. Conclusion The promising properties of the newly studied laccase enzyme from Alcaligenes faecalis NYSO strain would support several industries such as textile, food, and paper and open the possibility for commercial use in water treatment. It will also open the door to new applications due to its ligninolytic properties in the near future.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Thioglycolic acid lignin'

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