Academic literature on the topic 'Thiols (-SH)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Thiols (-SH)"
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Veksler, Kirill V., and Evgenia N. Volkov. "HYDROPHOBIC AROMATIC THIO (DITHIO) COMPOUNDS AS CHROMOGENIC ANALYTICAL REAGENTS FOR PHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THIOLS BY MERCAPTO GROUP III. ANALYTICAL REAGENTS IN WATER-MICELLAR SOLUTIONS OF CATIONIC SURFACTANTS." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 67 (2023): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2023-67-93-53-58.
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It was discovered for the first time the ability of a number of hydrophobic aromatic azothio (dithio) compounds, chromogenic analytical reagents to the mercapto group in dipolar aprotic solvents (SH- reagents), to react in aqueous solutions of cationic surfactants with sulfhydryl compounds (SH- compounds) by the type of "thiol-thiol" substitution with manifestation of significant analytical effects (AE). Photometry of hydrophobic thiols is possible by preliminary extraction of the latter with a solution of the SH- reagent from a solution in an acyclic ultimate hydrocarbon. The "thiol-thiol" substitution products may be extracted from aqueous solutions of cationic surfactants with chloroform followed by photometry of AE in an organic medium; reducing the volume of the organic phase compared to the aqueous phase results in higher sensitivity of the assay. Appropriate analytical methods can be used to control hydrogen sulfide and thiols in natural and industrial wastewater, in hydrocarbon gases, and in biological fluids.
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Perea, Ana, José Ignacio Manzano, Yasuhisa Kimura, Kazumitsu Ueda, Santiago Castanys, and Francisco Gamarro. "Leishmania LABCG2 transporter is involved in ATP-dependent transport of thiols." Biochemical Journal 475, no. 1 (2018): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170685.
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The Leishmania LABCG2 transporter has a key role in the redox metabolism of these protozoan parasites. Recently, the involvement of LABCG2 in virulence, autophagy and oxidative stress has been described. Null mutant parasites for LABCG2 present an increase in the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and trypanothione [T(SH)2]. On the other hand, parasites overexpressing LABCG2 transporter export non-protein thiols to the extracellular medium. To explore if LABCG2 may mediate an active transport of non-protein thiols, the effect of these molecules on ATPase activity of LABCG2 as well as the ability of LABCG2 to transport them was determined using a baculovirus-Sf9 insect cell system. Our results indicate that all thiols tested [GSH, T(SH)2] as well as their oxidized forms GSSG and TS2 (trypanothione disulfide) stimulate LABCG2-ATPase basal activity. We have measured the transport of [3H]-GSH in inside-out Sf9 cell membrane vesicles expressing LABCG2-GFP (green fluorescence protein), finding that LABCG2 was able to mediate a rapid and concentration-dependent uptake of [3H]-GSH in the presence of ATP. Finally, we have analyzed the ability of different thiol species to compete for this uptake, T(SH)2 and TS2 being the best competitors. The IC50 value for [3H]-GSH uptake in the presence of increasing concentrations of T(SH)2 was less than 100 μM, highlighting the affinity of this thiol for LABCG2. These results provide the first direct evidence that LABCG2 is an ABC transporter of reduced and oxidized non-protein thiols in Leishmania, suggesting that this transporter can play a role in the redox metabolism and related processes in this protozoan parasite.
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Razygraev, A. V., K. I. Taborskaya, M. A. Petrosyan, and Zh N. Tumasova. "Thiol peroxidase activities in rat blood plasma determined with hydrogen peroxide and 5,5`-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 62, no. 4 (2016): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20166204431.
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Earlier it has been shown that extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) from human plasma is able to use cysteine (Cys-SH) instead of glutathione (GSH) as a thiol substrate. In the present study, the ability of rat plasma to utilize not only GSH, but also Cys-SH and homocysteine (Hcy-SH), in the thiol peroxidase reaction has been confirmed. The molar ratio between thiol and H2O2 in the catalyzed reaction was 2:1. The specific activity increased with fractionation of proteins. At a fixed thiol concentration of 0.23 mM, the saturation by H2O2 with vmax app of 100, 128, and 132 nmol H2O2 / s per 1 ml of plasma was found for DL-Cys-SH, L-GSH, and DL-Hcy-SH, respectively. Rank distributions of activities towards all three thiol substrates within plasma protein fractions are fully identical (the probability of random full coincidence was less than 0.01). The statistical analysis confirms that Cys-SH peroxidase, Hcy-SH peroxidase, and GSH peroxidase activities are closely associated with each other. The most probable outcome of this result is the ability of rat GPx3 to utilize all three thiols as substrates for oxidation. Probably, thiol peroxidase is a participant of formation of plasma cystine (Cys-SS-Cys) from Cys-SH in plasma. If the forms of Hcy exhibit different toxic effects, it can be suggested that thiol peroxidase regulates Hcy toxicity in hyperhomocysteinemia through Hcy-SH oxidation to homocystine (Hcy-SS-Hcy).
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Ozyurt, Songul, Neslihan Ozcelik, Bilge Yilmaz Kara, et al. "Evaluation of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Bronchiectasis." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2022 (January 29, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8340450.
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Purpose. Thiols are sulfhydryl-containing organic compounds that have an important role in preventing cellular oxidative stress. This study compares the blood oxidative stress marker levels in bronchiectasis cases during their stable periods with healthy controls. Materials and Methods. Seventy-seven patients (49 patients with stable bronchiectasis/28 healthy controls), followed up by the chest disease clinic, were included in the study. Peripheral blood thiol-disulfide parameters (NT: native thiol (−SH); TT: total thiol (−SH + SS); SS: disulfide (−SS); SS-SH: disulfide/native thiol index; SS-TT: disulphide/total thiol index; SH-TT: native thiol/total thiol index), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels were examined in the stable bronchiectasis group and the control group. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis was evaluated using a novel and automated assay. Findings and Result. Blood native thiol levels in patients with stable bronchiectasis were found to be significantly higher compared with healthy controls. A positive correlation between the total airway disease score and IMA levels was present. Our findings revealed that native thiol levels, which constitute a part of the antioxidant defense system, are increased in patients with stable bronchiectasis.
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Sato, N., S. Iwata, K. Nakamura, T. Hori, K. Mori, and J. Yodoi. "Thiol-mediated redox regulation of apoptosis. Possible roles of cellular thiols other than glutathione in T cell apoptosis." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 7 (1995): 3194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.7.3194.
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Abstract Thiol redox status modulates various aspects of cellular function. We demonstrate that oxidation of cellular sulfhydryl (SH) groups induces apoptosis. In Jurkat T cells and human PBL blasts, the fraction of apoptotic nuclei increased after treatment with an SH-specific oxidant, diamide. Analysis of DNA fragmentation and nuclear morphology also indicated that SH oxidation could induce apoptosis. In the apoptosis induced by SH oxidation, the decrease of cellular glutathione was transient and the increase of glutathione disulfide was observed only after apoptotic changes had occurred. Depletion of cellular glutathione with buthionine sulfoximine failed to induce apoptosis, despite a marked decrease of cellular glutathione, which was greater than that observed in apoptosis induced by diamide. Thus, the changes of cellular glutathione or glutathione disulfide may not be the major cause of apoptosis induced by diamide. Intracellular adult T cell leukemia-derived factor/human thioredoxin, another thiol-related antioxidant protein, was oxidized by incubation with diamide. These results suggest that thiol redox status is one of the key factors of the apoptotic pathway in which thiols other than glutathione may play even more critical roles.
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Suvarli, Narmin, Iris Perner-Nochta, Jürgen Hubbuch, and Michael Wörner. "Thiol-Functional Polymer Nanoparticles via Aerosol Photopolymerization." Polymers 13, no. 24 (2021): 4363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244363.
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Spherical, individual polymer nanoparticles with functional –SH groups were synthesized via aerosol photopolymerization (APP) employing radically initiated thiol-ene chemistry. A series of various thiol and alkene monomer combinations were investigated based on di-, tri-, and tetrafunctional thiols with difunctional allyl and vinyl ethers, and di- and trifunctional acrylates. Only thiol and alkene monomer combinations able to build cross-linked poly(thio-ether) networks were compatible with APP, which requires fast polymerization of the generated droplet aerosol during the photoreactor passage within a residence time of half-minute. Higher monomer functionalities and equal overall stoichiometry of functional groups resulted in the best nanoparticles being spherical and individual, proven by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of reactive –SH groups in the synthesized nanoparticles as a basis for post-polymerization modifications was verified by Ellman’s test.
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Boekhoud, Lisanne, Jacqueline Koeze, Elisabeth C. van der Slikke, et al. "Acute Kidney Injury is Associated with Lowered Plasma-Free Thiol Levels." Antioxidants 9, no. 11 (2020): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111135.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with the abrupt loss of kidney function. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of AKI. Free thiols (R-SH) are crucial components of the extracellular antioxidant machinery and reliably reflect systemic oxidative stress. Lower levels of thiols represent higher levels of oxidative stress. In this preliminary study, we hypothesized that plasma-free thiols are associated with AKI upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study, 301 critically ill patients were included. Plasma samples were taken upon admission, and albumin-adjusted plasma-free thiols were determined. Albumin-adjusted plasma-free thiols were lower in patients with AKI (n = 43, median (interquartile range) 7.28 µmol/g (3.52, 8.95)) compared to patients without AKI (8.50 μmol/g (5.82, 11.28); p < 0.05) upon admission to the ICU. Higher age (B = −0.72), higher levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (B = −0.002), creatinine (B = −0.01) and lower serum albumin (B = 0.47) were associated with lower free thiol levels. Further, albumin-adjusted free thiol levels were significantly reduced in patients with sepsis (8.30 (5.52–10.64) µmol/g) compared to patients without sepsis (6.95 (3.72–8.92) µmol/g; p < 0.05). Together, albumin-adjusted plasma-free thiols were significantly reduced in patients with AKI and patients with sepsis compared with patients without AKI and sepsis.
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Bourgonje, Arno R., Amaal Eman Abdulle, Areej M. Al-Rawas, et al. "Systemic Oxidative Stress Is Increased in Postmenopausal Women and Independently Associates with Homocysteine Levels." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (2020): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010314.
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Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of developing CVD due to decreased estrogen availability, which is accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Serum free thiols (R-SH) provide a robust and powerful read-out of systemic oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to establish serum levels of free thiols and explore associations between free thiols and demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters related to obesity and the risk for developing CVD in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Serum free thiols were measured in a cohort consisting of healthy pre- (n = 223) and postmenopausal (n = 118) Omani women. Postmenopausal women had significantly lower levels of serum free thiols as compared to premenopausal women (762.9 ± 85.3 vs. 780 ± 80.9 μM, age-adjusted p < 0.001). Women′s age was positively associated with serum free thiol levels in premenopausal women (β = 0.36, p = 0.002), whereas an inverse association was observed in postmenopausal women (β = −0.29, p = 0.002). Homocysteine levels were significantly inversely associated with serum free thiol levels in both pre- (β = −0.19, p = 0.005) and postmenopausal (β = −0.20, p = 0.032) women, independent from known cardiovascular risk factors. In this study, we show that postmenopausal women are affected by increased systemic oxidative stress, which independently associates with homocysteine levels.
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van Dijk, Peter R., Andreas Pasch, Sonja L. van Ockenburg-Brunet, et al. "Thiols as markers of redox status in type 1 diabetes mellitus." Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 11 (January 2020): 204201882090364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042018820903641.
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Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with inflammation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Systemically, free thiols (R-SH) can be oxidized by ROS and circulating R-SH concentrations may directly reflect the systemic redox status. In this study the association between R-SH and clinical parameters of T1DM, including glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), was investigated. This is of particular interest since thiols are amendable to therapeutic intervention. Methods: As part of a prospective cohort study, data from 216 patients with a mean age of 45 (12) years, 57% male, diabetes duration 22 (16, 30) years and HbA1c of 60 (11) mmol/mol were examined. Baseline data were collected in 2002 and follow-up data in 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with age, sex, HbA1c and R-SH, was used to assess prognostic factors for the development of complications. Results: At baseline, the plasma concentration of R-SH was 281.8 ± 34.0 μM. In addition to a lower concentration of NT-proBNP in the highest R-SH quartile (305–379 µM) there were no differences in baseline characteristics between the quartiles of R-SH. The Pearson correlation coefficient for R-SH and NT-proBNP was −0.290 ( p < 0.001). No significant correlation between R-SH and baseline HbA1c ( r = −0.024, p = 0.726) was present. During follow-up, 42 macrovascular and 92 microvascular complications occurred. In Cox regression, R-SH was not a prognostic factor for the development of microvascular [hazard ratio (HR) 0.999 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.993, 1.005)] and macrovascular [HR 0.993 (95% CI 0.984, 1.002)] complications. Conclusions: In addition to a negative association with NT-proBNP, no relevant relationships between R-SH and parameters of T1DM, including HbA1c, were present in this study.
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Bourgonje, Arno R., Ruben Y. Gabriëls, Martin H. de Borst, et al. "Serum Free Thiols Are Superior to Fecal Calprotectin in Reflecting Endoscopic Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Antioxidants 8, no. 9 (2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090351.
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Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Serum free thiols (R-SH) reliably reflect systemic oxidative stress, since they are readily oxidized by reactive species. Here, we aimed to establish concentrations of serum free thiols in IBD and assessed their discriminating capacity regarding endoscopic disease activity. Albumin-adjusted serum free thiol concentrations were measured in 78 IBD patients (31 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 47 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients) and 50 healthy controls and analyzed for associations with disease parameters and their discriminative value regarding endoscopic disease activity (n = 54) or fecal calprotectin (n = 36) in patients for which those data were available. Mean serum free thiol concentrations were significantly lower in both CD and UC as compared to healthy controls (19.4 ± 3.1 and 17.8 ± 3.4 vs. 21.1 ± 1.9 µmol/g albumin, P < 0.001). Free thiols highly accurately discriminated between mild and moderate-to-severe disease activity, better than fecal calprotectin (FC) levels (AUC = 0.87, P < 0.001 vs. AUC = 0.76, P < 0.05, respectively) and this was maintained after cross-validation (AUC = 0.89, P < 0.001). Serum free thiols are reduced in IBD as compared to healthy controls and strongly correlate with the degree of endoscopic disease activity. Quantifying systemic redox status in IBD may be a promising, minimally invasive strategy to monitor IBD disease activity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thiols (-SH)"
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Shevchenko, Zaitseva Nataliya. "Matériaux mésoporeux hybrides organo-minéraux bi-fonctionnalisés : synthèse, caractérisation physico-chimique et application à l'élimination du chrome." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0075/document.
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Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous proposons d'examiner le comportement de deux silices bi-fonctionnalisées présentant une mésostructure (i.e., MCM-41) ou non (i.e., gel de silice, dénommé ici SiO2), ainsi que leur réactivité vis-à-vis des espèces de chrome. Les groupements fonctionnels sélectionnés pour modifier les échantillons de silice afin d'atteindre ce but sont d'une part, le mercaptopropyle et l'acide propylsulfonique (MCM-SH,SO3H), et d'autre part le mercaptopropyle et l'éthylènediaminetriacetate (SiO2-SH/ED3A). La recherche a débuté avec des matériaux structurellement ordonnés, de type MCM-41, offrant une très grande aire spécifique tout en assurant un accès rapide et aisé vers les groupements fonctionnels. Sur la base d'une MCM-41 modifiée par des fonctions thiol oxydées à divers degrés, un ensemble d'échantillons d'adsorbants caractérisés par différents rapport de groupements greffés thiol/acide sulfonique (teneur constante en soufre = 1 mmol g-1) ont été synthétisés. Une attention particulière a été portée à la caractérisation de la composition chimique de surface, pour laquelle on s'attend à une forte influence sur les propriétés de sorption. Une méthode simple, basée sur une seule technique instrumentale (titrage conductimétrique), a été appliquée pour la détermination simultanée des groupements thiol et sulfonique sur MCM-SH,SO3H. Dans un second temps, les conditions expérimentales susceptibles de permettre un piégeage effectif de Cr(VI) sur MCM-SH,SO3H ont été définies, en étudiant notamment l'effet du pH, du rapport solide/solution, ou encore de la composition de l'adsorbant (i.e., rapport SH/SO3H). Sur la base des données collectées, un mécanisme de réduction-sorption expliquant le processus d'immobilisation a été proposé. Dans une seconde approche, un autre type de silice bi-fonctionnelle (SiO2-SH,ED3A) a été suggéré afin d'améliorer l'affinité (propriétés de sorption) du matériau vis-à-vis des espèces Cr(III) générées lors de la réduction de Cr(VI). Le gel de silice a été choisi comme matrice pour greffer des quantités contrôlées de groupements mercaptopropyls et éthylènediaminetriacetate à sa surface. La performance de tel adsorbants bi-fonctionnels a été évaluée au regard de paramètres expérimentaux variés susceptibles d'influencer le processus de sorption-réduction (pH, rapport solide/solution, concentration) afin de déterminer le mécanisme de séquestration et de le comparer avec les adsorbants précédents. Finalement, on montrera comment le second adsorbant présente également l'avantage de pouvoir être utilisé dans des conditions dynamiques (expériences en colonne)<br>The present work proposes to examine chemical characteristics and behavior of two bifunctionalized silicas exhibiting either a mesostructure (i.e., MCM-41) or not (i.e., silica gel, denoted here SiO2) with respect to the immobilization of chromium species. The organo-functional groups selected to achieve this goal are mercaptopropyl and propylsulfonic acid moieties (MCM-SH,SO3H), on one hand, and mercaptopropyl and ethylenediaminetriacetate groups (SiO2-SH/ED3A) on the other hand. The research has been started with structurally ordered materials, of MCM-41 type, to ensure high surface area and easy and fast accessibility to the functional groups. On the basis of thiol-modified MCM-41, a set of sorbent samples containing different ratio of grafted mercaptopropyl and propylsulfonic acid groups (constant concentration of sulfur = 1 mmol g-1) has been synthesized. Special attention was first given to the characterization of surface chemical contents, which are expected to have a strong influence on sorption parameters. A simple, one-instrument method (conductometric titration) has been applied to the simultaneous determination of thiol- and sulfonic group on MCM-SH,SO3H. Then, the experimental conditions that are likely to provide effective sequestration of Cr(VI) on MCM-SH,SO3H have been defined, notably by studying the effect of pH, solid-to-solution ratio, or composition of the adsorbent (i.e., SH/SO3H ratio). On the basis of received data, a reduction-sorption mechanism explaining the uptake process has been proposed. In a second approach, a second type of bi-functional silica (SiO2-SH,ED3A) was suggested so as to improve the affinity (sorption properties) of the material to the reductively-generated Cr(III) species. Silica-gel was chosen as the matrix to graft controlled amounts of mercaptopropyl and ethylenediaminetriacetate groups at its surface. The performance of such bi-functional adsorbent was evaluated with respect to various experimental parameters likely to affect the reduction-sorption process (pH, solid-to-solution ratio, concentration) in order to determine the uptake mechanism and to compare it with the above adsorbent. Finally, it will be seen how this second adsorbent also offers the advantage of being usable in flowing conditions (column experiments)
Books on the topic "Thiols (-SH)"
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Rachanow, Shelly. If women ran the world, sh*t would get done: Celebrating all the wonderful, amazing, stupendous, inspiring, butt-kicking things women do. Conari Press, 2006.
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Ajna, Isis. Random Sh!t a Capricorn Thinks About : ( I'm the GOAT! ). Independently Published, 2021.
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Cunningham, Yolanda. Girl, Pack Your Things, You've Got Sh*t to Do! Sis! Independent Publisher, 2021.
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Stori, Val, Tod von Jahnes, and Doug Mayer. You Don't Know Sh*t: A Brilliant Miscellany of All Things Scatological. St. Martin's Press, 2011.
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Jacks, Roni. My Little Black Book of Gratitude : (even When Things Seem Sh*tty). Independently Published, 2019.
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Rauf, Rimaz. How to Get Sh*t Things Done: The Ultimate Digital Productivity Cookbook. Lulu Press, Inc., 2022.
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Fahlbusch, Erwin, Jan Milič Lochman, John Mbiti, Jaroslav Pelikan, and Lukas Vischer, eds. The Encyclopedia of Christianity. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company Brill, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/bci-003w.
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Volume 4 of the Encyclopedia of Christianity (EC) contains 299 articles constituting the alphabetical entries P–Sh. It includes articles on significant topics ranging from Paul, process theology, and the Qur'an to religious liberty, salvation history, and Scholasticism. Like each volume in the complete EC, this book incorporates many enhancements of and additions to the third revised edition of the German Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon: Internationale theologische Enzyklopädie, on which the EC is based. Unparalleled in scholarship and breadth of content, the Encyclopedia of Christianity will long serve as the standard reference work for the study of Christianity in the past and the present — and its trajectory into the twenty-first century.
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FiFi. Notes and Sh*t: For All the Things You Can't Say Out Loud. Independently Published, 2019.
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Strait, Michael. Shame, Fear and Sh!t: The Big Things That Make Us Play Small. BookBaby, 2021.
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Munaro, Mayara Regina, and Vanderley Moacyr John. "Measuring Circularity in Brazilian Social Housing." In Creating a Roadmap Towards Circularity in the Built Environment. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45980-1_24.
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AbstractThe incorporation of circular economy (CE) principles in social housing (SH) is a not widespread agenda in government public policies. If, on the one hand, the growing demand for housing puts pressure on public services and the construction value chain, on the other hand, the reduction in the extraction of virgin materials and waste generation is essential to mitigate the effects of global climate change. This article presents a case study of how the Brazilian government is addressing circularity in the country's National Housing Plan. The study presents the proposal for circularity indicators to be implemented, both in new and existing buildings, aiming to reduce material demand and waste generation in SH. The adoption of circular indices in the input flow of materials has greater applicability in SH and promotes incentives to the secondary construction materials market. Circularity in the outflow of materials requires greater maturity in the application of CE principles and a systematic change in the housing design stage. The study aims to guide decision-makers around the consistent measurement of circularity in housing, promoting improved performance and the shift towards a more sustainable built environment.
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Annuario, Emily, Kristal Ng, and Alessio Vagnoni. "High-Resolution Imaging of Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Nucleoids in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1990-2_15.
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AbstractMitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which form intricate networks with complex dynamics. Mitochondrial transport and distribution are essential to ensure proper cell function, especially in cells with an extremely polarised morphology such as neurons. A layer of complexity is added when considering mitochondria have their own genome, packaged into nucleoids. Major mitochondrial morphological transitions, for example mitochondrial division, often occur in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and changes in the dynamic behaviour of the nucleoids. However, the relationship between mtDNA dynamics and mitochondrial motility in the processes of neurons has been largely overlooked. In this chapter, we describe a method for live imaging of mitochondria and nucleoids in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by instant structured illumination microscopy (iSIM). We also include a detailed protocol for the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells into cells with a pronounced neuronal-like morphology and show examples of coordinated mitochondrial and nucleoid motility in the long processes of these cells.
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Gao, Jiawei, and Patimah Sprtuk. "Correct Modeling of SH 50ETF Option Implied Volatility Based on Neural Network." In The 2021 International Conference on Smart Technologies and Systems for Internet of Things. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3632-6_4.
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Gunn, Callum, Sabine Hoffmann, Morten Sager, Julia Wittmayer, and Teun Zuiderent-Jerak. "Reassembling the Scholar: A Conversation About Positionality in Transdisciplinary Processes." In Transdisciplinarity for Transformation. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60974-9_15.
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AbstractTransdisciplinary research (TDR) is a framing of scientific practice in which collaboration on problems or issues of common interest is located outside disciplinary approaches, and is geared towards a transformation of the current situation towards something more desirable, albeit without necessarily knowing what that is. Any form of ‘transformation’ invariably has a normative component, and the same goes for positionality. A TDR context thus has much to do with both. The issue of positionality specifically in inter- and transdisciplinary research settings has become a more prominent object of study within these scholarly traditions. This contribution takes the positionality of the researcher as the departure point. The chapter is written as a conversation of the first author (CG), an early career researcher, with the co-authors (SH, MS, JW, TZJ), who are more experienced researchers from various fields of science and society working in inter- and transdisciplinary settings, using a dataset of ‘learning questions’ from a postgraduate training programme on TDR. These questions reflect on what researchers find important (often at the beginning of their career) in making sense of their own efforts in implementing this form of research practice.
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"Thiol (SH−)." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_16928.
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Oriwoh, Edewede, and Geraint Williams. "Internet of Things." In The Internet of Things. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1832-7.ch011.
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The Internet of Things (IoT), a metaphor for smart, functional Cyberphysical Environments (CPE), is finding some usefulness in various sectors including healthcare, security, transportation, and the Smart Home (SH). Within the IoT, objects potentially operate autonomously to provide specified services and complete assigned tasks. However, the introduction of new technologies and/or the novel application of existing ones usually herald the discovery of unfamiliar security vulnerabilities, which lead to exploits and sometimes to security breaches. There is existing research that identifies IoT-related security concerns and breaches. This chapter discusses existing Digital Forensics (DF) models and methodologies for their applicability (or not) within the IoT domain using the SH as a case in point. The chapter also makes the argument for smart forensics, the use of a smart autonomous system (tagged the Forensics Edge Management System [FEMS]) to provide forensic services within the self-managed CPE of the SH.
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Oriwoh, Edewede, and Geraint Williams. "Internet of Things." In Advances in Digital Crime, Forensics, and Cyber Terrorism. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6324-4.ch026.
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The Internet of Things (IoT), a metaphor for smart, functional Cyberphysical Environments (CPE), is finding some usefulness in various sectors including healthcare, security, transportation, and the Smart Home (SH). Within the IoT, objects potentially operate autonomously to provide specified services and complete assigned tasks. However, the introduction of new technologies and/or the novel application of existing ones usually herald the discovery of unfamiliar security vulnerabilities, which lead to exploits and sometimes to security breaches. There is existing research that identifies IoT-related security concerns and breaches. This chapter discusses existing Digital Forensics (DF) models and methodologies for their applicability (or not) within the IoT domain using the SH as a case in point. The chapter also makes the argument for smart forensics, the use of a smart autonomous system (tagged the Forensics Edge Management System [FEMS]) to provide forensic services within the self-managed CPE of the SH.
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Soloveitchik, Haym. "Piety, Pietism, and German Pietism: Sefer Ḥasidim I and the Influence of Ḥasidei Ashkenaz." In Collected Essays. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113997.003.0003.
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This chapter investigates the the differences between Sefer Ḥasidim I (sections 1–152) and Sefer Ḥasidim. No less striking than the absence of retson ha-Borè (the Will of the Creator), asceticism, and other defining themes of the Pietist movement is the parallel absence in SH I of exempla, which abound in the other sections of Sefer Ḥasidim. Over the course of time, different editors appended SH I to various collections of material of Sefer Ḥasidim, always taking care that SH I opened the collection, ensuring that the reader would first encounter not the startling tenets of Ḥasidei Ashkenaz but rather page after page of conventional pietistic discourse on love of God, fear of God, humility, and so on. It is remarkable to what extent SH I and those passages in Sefer Ḥasidim that were in the spirit of SH I shaped the historical image of Ḥasidei Ashkenaz. Study of the influence of Sefer Ḥasidim on the subsequent literature of Ashkenaz, whether halakhic or ethical, shows that not only were the new ritual world of retson ha-Borè or the book's radical social teachings wholly without influence, but also that they went literally unnoted.
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Geisser, Linda, Ulrich Meyer, Daniel Arnold, and Adrian Jäggi. "Contribution of LARES SLR Data to Co-estimated Earth Geopotential Coefficients." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2022_185.
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AbstractThe Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) processing at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) is currently extended from the geodetic satellites LAGEOS-1/2 and Etalon-1/2 to also include LARES. The orbits are determined in 7-day arcs together with station coordinates, low-degree spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients of the Earth’s gravity field, Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP), geocenter variations and range biases for selected stations. Due to the lower orbital altitude, LARES experiences a more variable environment such that the orbit parametrization has to be adapted. In this paper, we present SLR solutions for 5 years with different orbit parametrizations for LARES, i.e., LARES 7-day arcs are either determined from one set of orbit parameters and stochastic pulses at fixed time-intervals, or by stacking of seven daily arcs with continuity conditions at the day boundaries, so-called long-arcs. Including LARES does slightly improve the ERP and does not degrade the quality of the estimated SH coefficients and station coordinates. Additionally, it allows co-estimating the SH coefficient C30 and further low-degree SH coefficients.
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Turkmen Samdanci, Emine. "Histopathological Features of the Steatohepatitic Variant of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Relationship with Fatty Liver Disease." In Hepatocellular Carcinoma - Challenges and Opportunities of a Multidisciplinary Approach [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99842.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver in adults. Steatohepatitic HCC (SH-HCC) is a recently described, rarer variant of HCC and is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The relationship between fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis and SH-HCC is now known. This subtype can be confused with lipid-containing nodules (such as cirrhotic nodules, regenerative nodules, focal nodular hyperplasia) clinically, radiologically and histopathologically. Here, the histopathological features of SH-HCC, its relationship with fatty liver disease and briefly its clinical features will be discussed. In addition, histopathological features of this specific variant, immunohistochemical staining of the tumor and diagnostic difficulties in tru-cut biopsies will also be discussed. Actually, I think this article will raise clinicopathological awareness about this rare variant.
Conference papers on the topic "Thiols (-SH)"
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González-Rodríguez, J. G., J. Porcayo-Calderón, and A. Martínez-Villafañe. "A Novel Technique to Control High Temperature Materials Degradation in Fossil Plants." In CORROSION 1995. NACE International, 1995. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1995-95468.
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Abstract High temperature corrosion of superheater (SH) and, specially, reheater (RH) is strongly dependent on metal temperature. In this work, a way to continuosly monitor the metal temperature of SH or RH, elements developed by the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (HE) is described and the effects of operating parameters on metal temperature are evaluated. Also, the effects the steamgenerator design and metal temperature on the corrosion rates have been investigated. In some steam generators, corrosion rates were reduced from 0.7 to 0.2 mm/y by changing the tube material and reducing the metal temperature. Also, the effect of metal temperature on the residual life of a 347H tube in a 158MW steam generator is evaluated. It is concluded that metal temperature is the most important parameter in controlling the high-temperature materials behaviour in boiler environments.
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Demoz, A., T. Dabros, K. Michaelian, S. Papavinasam, and W. Revie. "A New Impinging Jet Device for Corrosion Studies." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03322.
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Abstract A new high pressure and temperature submerged impinging jet device is described. The experimental results of its flow characteristics are summarized. Local mass transfers on a Teflon disc normal to the jet with eight 1-mm diameter microelectrodes located at 0 &lt; x/r &lt; 3.8, where x is the distance from the stagnation point on the disc and r is the jet nozzle radius, were measured using the limiting current of potassium ferricyanide solution for 50 ≤ Reynolds number (Re) ≤ 4500 at a jet nozzle exit to disc height, H, to r ratio of 10. Flow transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurred at Re ≈ 800. The empirical relation between the local Sherwood number (Sh) and Re in the stagnation region and developing wall jet region gave two segmented linear correlations. The shear effects of the circular jet on flat carbon steel discs examined after 24 h exposure at Re = 780 showed significantly more material loss at x/r = 2.5. This coincided with the location where the local Sh obtained from the mass transfer measurements began to raise. The device is scalable and can generate a wide range of Re, enabling meaningful laboratory inhibitor and corrosion studies at high shear stress.
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Susnjar, Peter, Alexander Demidovich, Gabor Kurdi, et al. "Compact and robust common-path scheme for fourth harmonic generation of deep UV ultrashort laser pulses." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jw2a.217.
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Ultrashort pulses in the deep-UV region around 200 nm have important applications in laser spectroscopy and Free-Electron laser technology [1,2]. Such pulses can be obtained using Ti:Sapphire laser followed by a fourth harmonic generation (FHG). In this case due to phase matching limitations of the available nonlinear crystals the fourth harmonic (FH) can only be generated in a three-step setup starting with second harmonic generation (SHG), followed by third harmonic generation (THG) realized by sum frequency mixing (SF) of SH and fundamental pulses, and then a final FHG stage based on sum frequency mixing of third harmonic (TH) and fundamental pulses.
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Takahashi, Shuhei, Rie Ishii, Hiroaki Kono, and Takeshi Matsuda. "Assessment of Ship Landing Assist System in Maritime Helicopter Operation." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12032.
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In maritime helicopter operation, approaching to a sailing ship and landing on a small flight deck is the most demanding task facing a pilot in a low visibility situation, such as heavy rain or snow, haze, no light at night. The ship landing assist system (SLAS) that was developed and evaluated during flight tests of XSH-60K from 2002 through 2004 is a great aid to the pilot, providing an auto approach and landing capabilities under a 100m visibility situation. The systems have been equipped by 50 or more maritime patrol helicopters SH-60K, and used for over 10 years in Japan. This paper describes an outline of SLAS and an assessment of the system in maritime helicopter operation.
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Bakker, Wate T., J. L. Blough, and W. W. Seitz. "Low NOX Combustion Systems and Superheater Corrosion." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01168.
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Abstract Low NOx combustion systems have caused a considerable increase in waterwall corrosion due to the deposition of iron sulfide on waterwall surfaces. There is also considerable evidence that the use of low NOx combustion systems causes some carburization of superheater (SH)- and reheater (RH) tubing. In this paper available field data are reviewed to determine if the carburization observed has led to increased superheater corrosion. In addition, results of superheater corrosion experiments with carbon- containing deposits and with corrosion coupons, carburized prior to testing will be reported. Results to date indicate that severe carburization will indeed greatly increase superheater corrosion rates. However, available field data indicate that carburization effects, if present, are overshadowed by variations in coal corrosivity.
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Lolla, T., J. Siefert, H. Lee, et al. "Understanding the Kinetics of Sigma Phase Evolution in Super 304H using Lab Creep Tested Heats and Long-term Service Aged Components." In AM-EPRI 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0635.
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Abstract Super 304H is a new generation of advanced austenitic stainless steels that is increasingly being used in superheater/ reheater (SH/RH) sections of thermal ultra-supercritical steam power plants due to its high creep strength combined with good oxidation resistance and microstructure stability. However, recent studies have shown significant microstructural changes and associated degradation in creep performance during long-term service exposure in this alloy. Microstructure evolution during service and its effect on the long-term creep performance has not been comprehensively assessed. In this work, variations in the microstructure of long-term service exposed Super 304H RH tubes (~99,600 hours at 596°C steam temperature) are documented. The results for the ex-service material are compared to well-documented laboratory studies to provide perspective on improved life management practices for this mainstay advanced stainless steel.
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Fell, Thomas, Ieuan Owen, Michael Jump, and Mark White. "Towards Establishing Flying Qualities Requirements for Maritime Unmanned Aircraft Systems." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10167.
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This paper describes the continuing development work being undertaken to establish Flying Qualities Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) that will be expected to operate in the Maritime Environment. A UAS Dynamics Model (UDM) has been developed to allow the rapid investigation of the aircraft dynamics required to conduct ship-deck launch and recovery operations. The process used to develop the UDM is described along with the method used to fix the UDM dynamics to ADS-33E-PRF style bandwidth criteria. Two turbulence model structures are described and a preliminary test of the model dynamics in the lateral axis is reported. The model has been initially configured to assess an SH-60B-class UAS operating from a Type 23 Frigate. These preliminary investigations show that the methods being pursued hold promise to achieve the project aims.
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Peyronel, Fernanda, David Pink, Gurpreet Matharoo, Iris Joye, Shajahan Razul, and Wei Cao. "Spontaneous aggregation of glutathione in aqueous solutions and the use of Ellman's procedure to detect thiol moieties." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/cyco6389.
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Ellman's procedure for detecting thiol moieties has been used to quantify the formation of disulfide bonds. The philosophy here is that DTNB used by Ellman will detect the development of oxidation as a function of time as per temporal decrease of the SH moieties. Recently (Lauwers et al 2016, Cao et al 2021) this technique was used to quantify the oxidation of cysteine and glutathione as function of time. It was reported that, at pH = 6.5, for all cases of cysteine and one case of glutathione studied, the number of thiols became zero in a finite time, tc. Using Smoluchowski equations (a) we pointed out that in milliQ water with cysteine molecules searching randomly to form disulfide bonds, we should find that tc → ∞, and (b) we proposed that cysteine molecules, carrying zero net charge at pH = 6.5, aggregated so that SH groups were ‘hidden’ in the interior thus preventing the detection of thiols by DTNB thus erroneously reporting the number of thiols to be zero after a finite time. This is analogous to the necessity to disrupt the structure of a protein before using Ellman's procedure. We have used atomic scale molecular dynamics to simulate both cysteine and glutathione in milliQ water. The results showed that, instead of being randomly distributed, cysteine does indeed form aggregates as the Smoluchowski equations indicated. We shall present results for glutathione to (i) establish whether this molecule, which is charged at pH = 6.5, forms aggregates, (ii) if aggregates are formed, whether DTNB will be unable to access thiols hidden inside them.
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Raghunand, Natarajan, Jan Scicinski, Bryan Oronsky, Gerald Guntle, Elizabeth Bruckheimer, and Ron Korn. "Abstract 2068: RRx-001 oxidation of redox sensitive protein thiols in tumors measured by Gd-LC7-SH enhanced MRI In preclinical tumor models." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2068.
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Abalenikhina, Yulia V., Aleksey V. Shchulkin, Pelageya D. Erokhina, Ivan V. Chernykh, and Elena N. Yakusheva. "SURVIVAL AND THIOL STATUS OF CELLS CACO-2 IN THE CONDITIONS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS." In International conference New technologies in medicine, biology, pharmacology and ecology (NT +M&Ec ' 2020). Institute of information technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-0-7.19.
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Under conditions of oxidative stress induced by H2O2 for 72 hours at cincentrations of 50 and 100 mM there
 is a decrease in survival and transepitelical resistance of cell line Caco-2. The level of oxidized theols increases
 significantly at the concentration of H2O2 of 10 mM due to easily accessible SH-groups, at 50 and 100 mM H2O2 due to hard-to-reach SH-groups.
Reports on the topic "Thiols (-SH)"
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Zhao, George, Grang Mei, Bulent Ayhan, Chiman Kwan, and Venu Varma. DTRS57-04-C-10053 Wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer for ILI of Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012049.
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In this project, Intelligent Automation, Incorporated (IAI) and Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) propose a novel and integrated approach to inspect the mechanical dents and metal loss in pipelines. It combines the state-of-the-art SH wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) technique, through detailed numerical modeling, data collection instrumentation, and advanced signal processing and pattern classifications, to detect and characterize mechanical defects in the underground pipeline transportation infrastructures. The technique has four components: (1) thorough guided wave modal analysis, (2) recently developed three-dimensional (3-D) Boundary Element Method (BEM) for best operational condition selection and defect feature extraction, (3) ultrasonic Shear Horizontal (SH) waves EMAT sensor design and data collection, and (4) advanced signal processing algorithm like a nonlinear split-spectrum filter, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) for signal-to-noise-ratio enhancement, crack signature extraction, and pattern classification. This technology not only can effectively address the problems with the existing methods, i.e., to detect the mechanical dents and metal loss in the pipelines consistently and reliably but also it is able to determine the defect shape and size to a certain extent.
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Lozev and Spencer. L52023 Inspection of Welds in Thin-Wall Pipe Using Mechanized Ultrasonic Inspection. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011117.
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Generally, the inspection of welds in pipes with a wall thickness less than 6 mm is performed using radiography.� Because radiography is very sensitive to the orientation of planar weld defects, these types of defects often go undetected.� In contrast, ultrasonic testing (UT) offers a better solution for detecting and sizing of these defects. In this project a method to inspect welds in thin-walled pipe less than 6-mm thick using mechanized ultrasonic weld inspection was developed.�The project investigated the application of time-based high-frequency (up to 15 MHz) single/multi-probe techniques and phased-array (PA) technology, multiple-skip time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD), and shear horizontal (SH) waves inspection as possible solutions.
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Daveloui, José Fernando. Redefining Teaching with Artificial Intelligence. Carver University; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32457/davelouis220254.
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Four years ago, I accepted the fascinating challenge of teaching a Big Data course. The thematic proposal was intimidating, as it presented an approach devoid of "ready-to-use" tools and, instead, proposed a highly technical approach (Kumar et al., 2022). This required meticulous and mechanical practice that consisted of mastering the Linux operating system, configuring virtual machines, and installing more than half a dozen tools through command line, as well as configuring an endless list of system files (.sh, .ini, etc.). These specialized practices demand considerable time and expertise from the instructor (Wang & Chen, 2023). Back then, AI assistants like ChatGPT or Claude didn't exist. Class preparation without these tools became an arduous and often torturous process of achieving the ideal pedagogical strategy. Here, aspects such as class script, narrative resources, demonstrative arguments, effective design of examples, and the development of questionnaires, glossaries, case studies, group dynamics, among others, became relevant.
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Pesis, Edna, and Mikal Saltveit. Postharvest Delay of Fruit Ripening by Metabolites of Anaerobic Respiration: Acetaldehyde and Ethanol. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604923.bard.
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The use of pretreatments for 24 h prior to storage, under anaerobic condtions, or in the presence of the natural metabolic products, acetaldehyde (AA) and ethanol, to delay fruit ripening, was found to be effective with several climacteric fruits, among them avocado, mango, peach and tomato. The delay in ripening of avocado, peach and tomato was accompanied by inhibition of ethylene production and of fruit softening. The maintenance of fruit firmness was associated with a decrease in the activities of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanases (Cx), polygalacturonases (PG) and b-galactosidases. In peaches the AA- and N2-treated fruits were firmer after 3 weeks storage and contained higher amount of insoluble pectin than untreated controls. We showed that AA vapors are able to inhibit ripening, ethylene production and ethylene induction in the presence of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ADD) in avocado and mango tissue. Ethylene induced by ACC is taken as an indicator of ACC oxidase activity. ACC oxidase activity in AA-treated avocado fruit was much lower than in the untreated fruit. In carnation flowers very little ethylene was produced by ethanol-treated flowers, and the normal increases in ACC content and ACC oxidase activity were also suppressed. Using kinetic studies and inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), we showed that AA, not ethanol, was the active molecule in inhibiting ripening of tomato fruit. Application of anaerobiosis or anaerobic metabolites was effective in reduction of chilling injury (CI) in various plant tissues. Pretreatment with a low-O2 atmosphere reduced CI symptoms in avocado; this effect was associated with higher content of the free sylfhydryl (SH) group, and induction of the detoxification enzymes, catalase and peroxidase. Application of AA maintained firmer and brighter pulp tissue (non-oxidative), which was associated with higher free SH content, lower ethylene and ACC oxidase activities, and higher activities of catalase and peroxidase. Ethanol was found to reduce CI in other plant tissue. In roots of 24-h-old germinated cucumber seeds, exposure to 0.4-M ethanol shock for 4 h reduced chilling-induced ion leakage. In cucumber cotyledons it appears that alcohols may reduce CI by inducing stomata closure. In cotyledon discs held in N2 at 10C for 1 day, there accumulated sufficient endogenously synthesized ethanol to confer tolerance to chilling at 2.5C for 5 days.
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Yu, Mei, Pengyu Wang, Binbin Li, et al. NRSF Negatively Regulates Microglial Pro-Inflammatory Activation. Progress in Neurobiology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.60124/j.pneuro.2024.20.02.
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Microglial activation contributes to neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease (PD), and modulating this activation is a potential therapeutic approach. The neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF) functions as a negative regulator of gene transcription through epigenetic modifications. While previous research has primarily examined the role of NRSF in neuronal differentiation and injury, emerging evidence indicates that NRSF also plays a significant role in maintaining the phenotype of glial cells. In this study, we explored the role and underlying mechanisms of NRSF in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory or interleukin-4 (IL4)-induced anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglial activation. Following LPS stimulation, the nuclear localization of NRSF increased in BV2 microglial cells, primary mouse microglia, and microglia within the substantia nigra of PD mice. Knockdown of NRSF enhanced the expression of inflammation-related factors induced by LPS via the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 signalling pathways in BV2 cells. Moreover, the culture medium from LPS-treated NRSF knockdown BV2 cells exerted greater toxic effects on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells compared to the control. However, NRSF knockdown exerted inconsistent effects on the expression of anti-inflammatory-related genes in IL4-treated BV2 cells. Our findings suggest that NRSF knockdown promotes microglial pro-inflammatory activation.
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Cheepsunthorn, Poonlarp, and Yong Poovorawan. Identification of receptors for H5N1 virus on human nerve cells using protromics-based approaches. Chulalongkorn University, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.12.
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In this study, we investigated neuroinfectious capacity of H5N1 (A/Thailand/NK165/2005) isolated from plasma of infected individual during the third wave of Thailand outbreaks using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. This was due to lack of information regarding neuroinfectivity of this variant. Results demonstrated that H5N1/NK165 induced servere CPEs in these neuronal cells. H5N1-specific hemagglutinin was found in the cytoplasm of the infected cells as early as 12 h post-infection. By 24 h post-infection, all cells in the cultures were infected. These findings coincided with time course of CPEs and the presence of virus progeny in the culture medium of infected cells. Virus titer increased exponentially overtime. After 24 h post-infection, viability of the infected cell began to decline. By 72 h, only cellular debris remained in the infected cultures. Moreover, with this isolate we identified host cell proteins that might be involved in H5N1 entry to nerve cells using 1D-VOPBA coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis. RACK1 and prohibitin were identified as potential receptor for H5N1. Expression of RACK1 and prohibitin was confirmed by western blot analysis. There was a significant decrease in Expression of RACK1 and prohibitin preteins compared with mock-infected cells, suggesting that both RACK1 and prohibitin might be involved in the initial step of H5N1 binding to the neuronal cell membrane and/or internalization. Further studies are needed to explore whether both RACK1 and prohibitin are actual receptors for H5N1. This will ultimatel lead to improved therapeutics and provide an insight into neuronal mechanism of H5N1 infection.
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Binding of electrophilic chemicals to SH(thiol)-group of proteins and /or to seleno-proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress during brain development leading to impairment of learning and memory. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/4df0e9e4-en.
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