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Journal articles on the topic 'Thiourea, chemistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Ngaini, Zainab, Wan Sharifatun Handayani Wan Zulkiplee, and Ainaa Nadiah Abd Halim. "One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Thiourea Derivatives in Cyclotriphosphazenes Moieties." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1509129.

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In this study, hexasubstituted thiourea was carried out via reaction of isothiocyanato cyclophosphazene intermediates with a series of aromatics amines and amino acids in a one-pot reaction system. The reaction was not as straightforward as typical thiourea synthesis. Six unexpected thiourea derivatives3a–fwere formed in the presence of cyclotriphosphazene moieties in good yields (53–82%). The structures of3a–fwere characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR,1H,13C, and31P NMR spectroscopies. The occurrence of reverse thioureas formation in a one-pot reaction system is discussed. The possible binding interaction of the synthesised thiourea3a-bin comparison to the predicted phenyl thiourea5a-band the targeted4awith enzyme enoyl ACP reductase (FabI) is also discussed. Molecular docking of the targeted hexasubstituted thiourea4ais able to give higher binding affinity of −7.5 kcal/mol compared to5a-b(−5.9 kcal/mol and −6.3 kcal/mol) and thiourea3a-b(−4.5 kcal/mol and −4.7 Kcal/mol).

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2

Binzet, Gün, Gülten Kavak, Nevzat Külcü, Süheyla Özbey, Ulrich Flörke, and Hakan Arslan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Thiourea Derivatives and Their Nickel and Copper Complexes." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/536562.

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New benzoyl thiourea derivatives and their nickel and copper complexes were synthesized. The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and1H NMR techniques. Four of the synthesized compounds are analyzed by X-ray single crystal diffraction technique. WhereasN,N-dimethyl-N′-(4-fluorobenzoyl)thiourea,N,N-diethyl-N′-(4-fluorobenzoyl)thiourea, andN,N-di-n-butyl-N′-(4-fluorobenzoyl) thiourea crystallize in the monoclinic system,bis(N,N-di-n-propyl-N′-(4-fluorobenzoyl)thioureato) nickel(II) complex crystallizes in the triclinic system. These ligand molecules form dimers through strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds such as N–H⋯S, C–H⋯O, and N–H⋯O. Moreover, there are different types of intramolecular interactions in the crystal structures.Bis(N,N-dimethyl-N′-(4-fluorobenzoyl)thioureato) nickel(II) complex has a nearly square-planar coordination. The distance of nickel atom from the best plane through the coordination sphere is 0.029 Å.

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3

Gonçalves, Itamar L., Rafaela R. da Rosa, Vera L. Eifler-Lima, and Aloir A. Merlo. "The use of isoxazoline and isoxazole scaffolding in the design of novel thiourea and amide liquid-crystalline compounds." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (February 6, 2020): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.20.

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A series of novel thiourea and amide liquid crystals containing 5-membered isoxazoline and isoxazole rings were synthetized and the liquid crystal properties studied. Thioureas were obtained using a condensation reaction of benzoyl chlorides, arylamines and ammonium thiocyanate. The amides, on the other hand, were the byproduct of a quantitative reaction which used potassium cyanate as the starting material. Thiourea and amide derivatives were predominantly SmA mesophase inductors. A nematic mesophase was observed only for thioureas and amides containing an isoxazole ring. Additionaly, the liquid crystal behavior was also dependent on the relative position of nitrogen and oxygen atoms on the 5-membered heterocycle.

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4

Mojtahedi, Mohammad M., Mohammad R. Saidi, and Mohammad Bolourtchian. "A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Disubstituted Ureas and Thioureas under Microwave Irradiaton." Journal of Chemical Research 23, no. 12 (December 1999): 710–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174751989902301213.

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Several symmetrically disubstituted ureas and thioureas are synthesized by heating of urea or thiourea with aromatic amines or phenylhydrazine under environmentally benign conditions without any solvent in a conventional microwave oven.

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5

Andrés, José M., Miriam Ceballos, Alicia Maestro, Isabel Sanz, and Rafael Pedrosa. "Supported bifunctional thioureas as recoverable and reusable catalysts for enantioselective nitro-Michael reactions." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (April 1, 2016): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.61.

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The catalytic activity of different supported bifunctional thioureas on sulfonylpolystyrene resins has been studied in the nitro-Michael addition of different nucleophiles to trans-β-nitrostyrene derivatives. The activity of the catalysts depends on the length of the tether linking the chiral thiourea to the polymer. The best results were obtained with the thiourea derived from (L)-valine and 1,6-hexanediamine. The catalysts can be used in only 2 mol % loading, and reused for at least four cycles in neat conditions. The ball milling promoted additions also worked very well.

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6

Sahu, Sandhyamayee, Prangya Rani Sahoo, Sabita Patel, and B. K. Mishra. "Oxidation of thiourea and substituted thioureas: a review." Journal of Sulfur Chemistry 32, no. 2 (April 2011): 171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415993.2010.550294.

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7

Elokhina, V. N., T. I. Yaroshenko, A. S. Nakhmanovich, and S. V. Amosova. "Reaction of thiourea and substituted thioureas with 1,3-dibromopropyne." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 78, no. 10 (October 2008): 1949–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363208100228.

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8

Habila, Tahir, Mebrouk Belghobsi, Mohamed-Zakaria Stiti, Eric Goffin, Pascal de Tullio, Gilles Faury, Bernard Pirotte, and Smail Khelili. "Synthesis and vasodilator activity of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones bearing urea, thiourea, and sulfonylurea moieties." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 1 (January 2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0239.

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A series of novel 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones bearing urea, thiourea, and sulfonylurea moieties were synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated as vasodilator agents. The most interesting vasodilators were the thiourea derivatives 6a and 6b and the urea derivatives 6f–6i and 7f–7h, although the ureas were relatively more active than thioureas. Twenty-fold more active than diazoxide, the urea 6g was the most potent vasodilator (EC50 = 0.983 ± 0.061 μmol/L) and proved to act as a voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. The lack of activity of sulfonylureas, 6k and 7j, could be attributed to their partial ionization at the physiological pH because of their acidic character. It should be interesting to investigate a larger number of compounds, including N-methylated sulfonylureas, to increase the vasodilator activity and to explore other biological models.

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9

Tale, Prashant V., and Shirish P. Deshmukh. "Synthesis ofN-lactosylated thiourea and benzothiazolyl thiourea." Heteroatom Chemistry 17, no. 4 (April 2006): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hc.20207.

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10

Jirman, Josef, and Antonín Lyčka. "15N, 13C, and 1H NMR spectra of acylated ureas and thioureas." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 10 (1987): 2474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872474.

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A series of 1-acylated and 1,3-diacylated (acyl = acetyl or benzoyl) ureas and thioureas have been prepared and their proton-coupled and proton-decoupled 15N, 13C, and 1H NMR spectra have been measured. All the signals have been assigned. The 15N NMR chemical shifts in 1-acylated ureas and thioureas are shifted downfield as compared with δ(15N) of urea and thiourea, resp. This shift is greater for N-1 than for N-3 nitrogen atoms in both the series. When comparing acylureas and acylthioureas it is obvious from the Δδ(15N) differences that the CS group is better than CO group in transferring the electron-acceptor effect of acyl group. The proton-coupled 15N NMR spectra of the acylureas dissolved in hexadeuteriodimethyl sulphoxide exhibit a doublet of NH group and a triplet of NH2 group at 25 °C. At the same conditions the acylthioureas exhibit a doublet of NH group, the NH2 group signal being split into a doublet of doublets with different coupling constants 1J(15N, H). The greater one of these coupling constants is due to the s-trans proton with respect to the sulfur atom of the thiourea.

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11

Bratulescu, George, Ion Ganescu, and Anca Ganescu. "Thiocyanatochrome complexes in analytical chemistry: Determination of osmium(III)." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 8-9 (2005): 1113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0509113b.

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New complex combinations of Os(III) complexed with thiourea and ethyl thiourea, as well as of complex anions of Cr(III) analogues of Reineke?s salt, [Cr(CNS)4(amine)2]-, where the amine is aniline, benzylamine morpholine etc., were synthesized. New gravimetric, oxidimetric and spectrophotometric analytical methods are proposed for the determination of Os(III). The experimental data were statistically processed and are not affected by systematic errors.

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12

Ronchetti, Riccardo, Giada Moroni, Andrea Carotti, Antimo Gioiello, and Emidio Camaioni. "Recent advances in urea- and thiourea-containing compounds: focus on innovative approaches in medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis." RSC Medicinal Chemistry 12, no. 7 (2021): 1046–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1md00058f.

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13

Liu, Ziwei, Long-Fei Wu, Andrew D. Bond, and John D. Sutherland. "Photoredox chemistry in the synthesis of 2-aminoazoles implicated in prebiotic nucleic acid synthesis." Chemical Communications 56, no. 88 (2020): 13563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc05752e.

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14

Yutronic, Nicolás, Victor Manríquez, Paul Jara, Oscar Wittke, and Guillermo González. "Dicyclohexylamine-Thiourea Clathrate." Supramolecular Chemistry 12, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10610270108027471.

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15

Makarov, Sergei V., Attila K. Horváth, Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu, and Qingyu Gao. "Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Thiourea Oxides." Chemistry - A European Journal 20, no. 44 (September 29, 2014): 14164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201403453.

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16

Wang, Shun, Qingyu Gao, and Jichang Wang. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Decomposition of Thiourea and Thiourea Oxides." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 109, no. 36 (September 2005): 17281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp051620v.

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17

Ni, Shuang, Feng-Yang Bai, and Xiu-Mei Pan. "Atmospheric chemistry of thiourea: nucleation with urea and roles in NO2 hydrolysis." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 15 (2020): 8109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04300d.

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18

Ölmez, Nevin Arıkan, and Faryal Waseer. "New Potential Biologically Active Compounds: Synthesis and Characterization of Urea and Thiourea Derivativpes Bearing 1,2,4-oxadiazole Ring." Current Organic Synthesis 17, no. 7 (October 28, 2020): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417666200417112106.

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Background: Urea, thiourea, and 1,2,4-oxadiazole compounds are of great interest due to their different activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, analgesic, fungicidal, herbicidal, diuretic, antihelminthic and antitumor along with antimicrobial activities. Objective: In this work, we provide a new series of potential biologically active compounds containing both 1,2,4-oxadiazole and urea/thiouprea moiety. Materials and Methods: Firstly, 5-chloromethyl-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (3a-j) were synthesized from the reaction of different substituted amidoximes (2a-j) and chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of pyridine by conventional and microwave-assisted methods. In the conventional method, 1,2,4-oxadiazoles were obtained in two steps. O-acylamidoximes obtained in the first step at room temperature were heated in toluene for an average of one hour to obtain 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. The yields varied from 70 to 96 %. 1,2,4-oxadiazoles were obtained under microwave irradiation in a single step in a 90-98 % yield at 160 °C in five minutes. 5-aminomethyl-3-aryl-1,2,4- oxadiazoles (5a-j) were obtained by Gabriel amine synthesis in two steps from corresponding 5-chloromethyl-3- aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Finally, twenty new urea (6a-j) and thiourea (7a-j) compounds bearing oxadiazole ring were synthesized by reacting 5-aminomethyl-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles with phenyl isocyanate and isothiocyanate in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature with average yields (40-70%). Results and Discussions: An efficient and rapid method for the synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from the reaction of amidoximes and acyl halides without using any coupling reagent under microwave irradiation has been developed, and twenty new urea/thiourea compounds bearing 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring have been synthesized and characterized. Conclusion: We have synthesized a new series of urea/thiourea derivatives bearing 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring. Also facile synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from amidoximes and acyl chlorides under microwave irradiation was reported. The compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis techniques.

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19

V., Madhura, Hrishikesh M. Revankar, and Manohar V. Kulkarni. "A new route for the synthesis of 4-arylacetamido-2-aminothiazoles and their biological evaluation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 70, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2015-0013.

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AbstractA series of 4-arylacetamido-2-amino- and 2-arylamino-1,3-thiazoles (4a–o) were synthesized in a single step in high yields from ω-bromoacetoacetanilides and thiourea/phenyl thioureas and were characterized by spectral and analytical methods. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial antifungal and antioxidant activities. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of these compounds indicated their specificity towards Gram-positive species. p-Tolyl and m-chlorophenyl substituents on the arylamino moiety (compounds 4b and 4g) exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values. The other compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial and moderate antioxidant activity.

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20

Guibé, L., A. Péneau, M. Gourdji, and A. Panich. "Thiourea and Thiourea Inclusion Compounds. A14N NQR Investigation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2000): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-1-258.

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A reinvestigation of the nitrogen-14 NQR in thiourea has permitted to record, apparently for the first time, the resonances above 169 K. The first order and second order of the transitions at 169 K and 202 K, respectively, appear clearly from the temperature dependence of the resonance frequencies; the modulated structure, incommensurate or commensurate, is also seen on the 14N NQR spectrum. This study is the first step of a new investigation of thiourea and its inclusion compounds.

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21

Ferro, Daniela, Rosalba Martino, and Giuseppe Della Gatta. "Sublimation enthalpies and entropies of thiourea, 1-methyl-2-thiourea, 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiourea, and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-thiourea." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 26, no. 2 (February 1994): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcht.1994.1037.

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22

Yan, Chao-Xian, Rui-Zhi Wu, Ka Lu, Fang-Ling Yang, Xiao-Shan Yang, Rui Wang, Xing Yang, Pan-Pan Zhou, and Xiangfeng Shao. "Why electrostatically enhanced thiourea is better than Schreiner's thiourea in both catalytic activity and regioselectivity?" Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 11 (2019): 1821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00251k.

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Electrostatically enhanced thiourea is more active and efficient than Schreiner's thiourea in the ring-opening aminolysis of styrene oxide with aniline, and the underlying reasons were explored by DFT calculations.

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23

Smajlagic, Ivor, Rocio Durán, Melanie Pilkington, and Travis Dudding. "Cyclopropenium Enhanced Thiourea Catalysis." Journal of Organic Chemistry 83, no. 22 (October 23, 2018): 13973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.8b02321.

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24

Herbstein, Frank H., Moshe Kapon, and George M. Reisner. "Crystal chemistry of thiourea complexes of lead(II) salts1." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 187, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zkri.1989.187.1-2.25.

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25

Janovec, Ladislav, Stanislav Böhm, Ivan Danihel, Ján Imrich, Pavol Kristian, and Karel D. Klika. "Theoretical Confirmation of the Reaction Mechanism Leading to Regioselective Formation of Thiazolidin-4-one from Bromoacetic Acid Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 72, no. 10 (2007): 1435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20071435.

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A regioselective synthesis of 3-alkyl-2-[(anthracen-9-yl)imino]thiazolidin-4-ones 2a-2e and 2-(alkylimino)-3-(anthracen-9-yl)thiazolidin-4-ones 3a-3e from appropriate thioureas using methyl bromoacetate or bromoacetyl bromide, respectively, has been rationalized by DFT calculations of model thiourea and its phenyl derivative. The proposed mechanism indicates that the regioselective formation of the target thiazolidinones is a consequence of a different reactivity of the reagents and a varying stability of the intermediates, 1-alkyl-3-(anthracen-9-yl)-2-[(methoxycarbonyl)methyl]isothioureas 4a-4e and 1-alkyl-3-(anthracen-9-yl)-2-(bromoacetyl)isothioureas 6a-6e.

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26

Milosavljevic, Milutin, Ivan Vukicevic, Sasa Drmanic, Jasmina Nikolic, Aleksandar Marinkovic, Sanja Krstic, and Slobodan Petrovic. "Simple one-pot synthesis of thioureas from amine, carbon disulfide and oxidants in water." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 3 (2016): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc150831087m.

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The present study reports the new facile methodology for synthesis of symmetrical and asymmetrical thioureas by an one-pot reaction of amine, carbon disulfide and oxidants: hydrogen peroxide, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)/sodium percarbonate system or air. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR and MS methods. Reaction mechanism has been proposed on the basis of reaction intermediate isolation and their structure determination. The synthetic benefits of the presented methods is reflected in the operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, recycling of solvent, high purity and yield of products, absence of dangerous by-products and technological applicability at industrial scale. Considering commercial importance of the thioureas, it can be emphasized that implementation of the optimal synthesis of thiourea, based on presented methods, at industrial level of production would provide concurrent alternative to existing technologies in use.

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27

Zhang, Zhiguo, Zongbi Bao, and Huabin Xing. "N,N′-Bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea: a privileged motif for catalyst development." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 20 (2014): 3151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob00306c.

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This review summarizes the key developments of N,N′-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiourea (Schreiner's thiourea)-mediated reactions with the aim to further expand the applications of (thio)urea-based catalysts.

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28

Dai, Chuanbo, Hongyu Zhang, Ruiduan Li, and Haifeng Zou. "Synthesis and characterization of thiourea." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2019-0027.

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Abstract Herein, a simple and effective method for the preparation of thiourea using a nucleophilic substitution reaction is reported. Urea and Lawesson’s reagent were used as the raw materials to prepare thiourea via a one-step method involving the sulfuration reaction, and the reaction mechanism was analyzed. The effect of the reaction time, reaction temperature, and mass ratio of the raw materials on the yield of thiourea were investigated.The most beneficial conditions used for the reaction were determined to be: Reaction time = 3.5 h, reaction temperature = 75°C, and mass ratio of urea to Lawesson’s reagent = 2:1. Under these optimal conditions, the average yield of thiourea over five replicate experiments was 62.37%. Characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the as-synthesized substance was thiourea. Our synthetic method has the advantages of high yield, mild reaction conditions and simplicity.

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29

Martincigh, Bice S., Morgen Mhike, Kayode Morakinyo, Risikat Ajibola Adigun, and Reuben H. Simoyi. "Oxyhalogen–Sulfur Chemistry: Oxidation of a Thiourea Dimer, Formamidine Disulfide, by Chlorine Dioxide." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 3 (2013): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12181.

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The oxidation of formamidine disulfide, FDS, the dimer of thiourea, by aqueous chlorine dioxide has been studied in highly acidic and mildly acidic media. FDS is one of the possible oxidation intermediates formed in the oxidation of thiourea by oxyhalogens to urea and sulfate. The reaction is exceedingly slow, giving urea and sulfate with a stoichiometric ratio of 5 : 14 FDS to chlorine dioxide after an incubation period of up to 72 h and only in highly acidic media which discourages the disproportionation of chlorine dioxide to the oxidatively inert chlorate. Mass spectrometric data suggest that the oxidative pathway proceeds predominantly through the sulfinic acid, proceeding next to the products sulfate and urea, while by-passing the sulfonic acid. Transient formation of the unstable sulfenic acid was also not observed.

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30

Adolphi, Natalie L., Mark S. Conradi, and T. Matsuo. "35Cl NQR Study of Thiourea-CCl4 and Thiourea-CCl3Br Inclusion Compounds." Journal of Physical Chemistry 98, no. 7 (February 1994): 1968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100058a041.

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31

Mohd Nabil, Nur Najwa-Alyani, and Lee Sin Ang. "Conformational and Topology Analysis of Diphenylthiourea and Diarylhalidethiourea Compounds Using DFT." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.40663.

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The disubstituted thiourea compounds have shown its reliability on their usages in various industries compared to the thiourea compounds. However, they also show capability to exist in different configurations, which would render them to possess different properties and hence affect their usability by unsuspected users. In this study, investigation was carried out on the polymorphism of five disubstituted thiourea compounds in which the phenyl rings and arylhalide acted as substituents. Using the B3LYP/DEF2–TZVP model chemistry with D3–BJ and gCP correctional schemes, the energetic analysis on the possible structural arrangements of the compounds was performed. The topology analysis of non-covalent interaction and electrostatic potential surfaces was used for understanding the interaction and reactivity of the constitute molecules of the compounds. Energetic results show that for all interested compounds, CT and TT configurations may coexist. Between the two type of substituents, phenyl substituted molecules are more flexible with better capability to be nucleophilic compound. On the other hand, the arylhalide substituted molecules form better electrophilic compounds. The reactive sites of the molecules rotated to the stable new configurations are similar to the molecules in their original configurations observed from experiments.

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32

Nosal-Wiercińska, Agnieszka. "Catalytic activity of thiourea and its selected derivatives on electroreduction of In(III) in chlorates(VII)." Open Chemistry 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0109-9.

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AbstractIt was found that thiourea, N-methylthiourea, N,N′-dimethylthiourea and N-allylthiourea accelerate the electroreduction process of In(III) ions in chlorates(VII). These substances are adsorbed on mercury from chlorates(VII). The relative surface excesses of thiourea and its derivatives increase with the increase of their concentrations and electrode charge. After adding thiourea, N-methylthiourea, N,N′-dimethylthiourea and N-allylthiourea to the solution an acceleration of the electroreduction process of In(III) ions occurs. This process depends on two factors: the adsorption of an accelerating substance on mercury and on the formation of complexes between a depolarizer and an accelerating substance on the electrode surface. The equilibrium of this complexing reaction determines the magnitude of the catalytic effect.

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33

Kramer, Carsten S., and Stefan Bräse. "Thiourea-catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction of a naphthoquinone monoketal dienophile." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (July 12, 2013): 1414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.158.

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A variety of organocatalysts were screened for the catalysis of the naphthoquinone monoketal Diels–Alder reaction. In this study we found that Schreiner's thiourea catalyst 10 and Jacobson's thiourea catalyst 12 facilitate the cycloaddition of the sterically hindered naphthoquinone monoketal dienophile 3 with diene 4. The use of thiourea catalysis allowed for the first time the highly selective synthesis of the exo-product 2a in up to 63% yield. In this reaction a new quaternary center was built. The so formed cycloaddition product 2a represents the ABC tricycle of beticolin 0 (1) and is also a valuable model substrate for the total synthesis of related natural products.

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34

Díaz, C., O. Bustos, and N. Yutronic. "INTERACTION OF THIOUREA WITH SULFUR DIVALENT COMPOUNDS: DESULFURIZATION OF THIOUREA BY N,N'-THIOBISMORPHOLINE." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 78, no. 1-4 (May 1, 1993): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509308032436.

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35

Mohite, Amar R., Ravindra S. Phatake, Pooja Dubey, Mohamed Agbaria, Alexander I. Shames, N. Gabriel Lemcoff, and Ofer Reany. "Thiourea-Mediated Halogenation of Alcohols." Journal of Organic Chemistry 85, no. 20 (September 17, 2020): 12901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c01431.

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36

Gaber, Abd El-Aal M., Morsy M. Aly, and Ahmed A. Atalla. "Thermolysis of some thiourea derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 10 (1991): 2183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19912183.

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Thermolysis of N/benzoyl-N’,N’-diphenylthiourea (BDTU)(I) at 250°C gives NH3, H2S, H2O, benzaldehyde, benzil, benzonitrile, diphenylamine, diphenylcyanamide, 2-phenylbenzimidazole, benzoyl isothiocyanate, carbazole and 2-phenylbenzthiazole, whereas, thermolysis of N-benzoyl-N'-o-tolylthiourea (BTTU) (II) under the same conditions afford NH3, H2S, H2O, benzaldehyde, benzil, benzonitrile, o-toluidine, o-tolyl isothiocyanate, o-tolylcyanamide, benzoyl isothiocyanate and N,N’-di-o-tolylthiourea. The main feature of these thermolyses is homolysis of the amide and thioamide bonds providing free radicals that undergo the common reactions involving H-abstraction, dimerization, coupling, fragmentation, rearrangement and cyclization. A suitable mechanism has been suggested to account for the observed products.

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37

Nicolae, Anca, Daniela Gavriliu, Ovidiu Maior, and Constantin Draghici. "PHENOXATHIIN CHEMISTRY SYNTHESIS BASED ON 2-ω-BROMOACETYLPHENOXATHIIN." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 6, no. 7 (December 20, 1998): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v6.n7.1998.34_1998_2.pdf.

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Starting from 2-ω-bromoacetylphenoxathiin and using the Kornblum reaction, the corresponding glyoxal 2 was synthesized. This was used for the syntheses of the monoxime 3, dioxime 4, and quinoxalinyl 5 derivatives. By treatment with thiourea 4-(2-phenoxathiinyl)-2-aminothiazole hydrobromide 7 was obtained. Some new ammonium and phosphonium salts were also prepared. Chemical and spectral data supporting the structure of the newly synthesized compounds are also presented.

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38

Döring, Cindy, Julian F. D. Lueck, and Peter G. Jones. "Structures of the adducts urea:pyrazine (1:1), thiourea:pyrazine (2:1) and thiourea:piperazine (2:1)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 72, no. 6 (May 24, 2017): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2017-0045.

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AbstractThe adducts urea:pyrazine (1:1) (1), thiourea:pyrazine (2:1) (2), and thiourea:piperazine (2:1) (3) were prepared and their structures determined. Adduct 1 forms a layer structure, in which urea chains of graph set C(4)[${\rm{R}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{1}}$(6)] run parallel to the b axis and are crosslinked by N–H···N hydrogen bonding to the pyrazine residues. Adduct 2 is a variant of the well-known ${\rm{R}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{2}}$(8) ribbon substructure for urea/thiourea adducts, with the pyrazine molecules attached to the remaining thiourea NH groups via bifurcated hydrogen bonds (N–H···)2S; the more distant end of the pyrazine molecules is crosslinked to another symmetry-equivalent but perpendicular ribbon system, thus creating a three-dimensional packing. The packing of adduct 3 involves thiourea layers parallel to the ab plane; the piperazine molecules occupy the regions between these layers and are linked to the thiourea molecules by two hydrogen bonds (one as donor, one as acceptor) at each piperazine nitrogen atom.

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39

Abd Halim, Ainaa Nadiah, and Zainab Ngaini. "Synthesis and Bacteriostatic Activities of Bis(thiourea) Derivatives with Variable Chain Length." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2739832.

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A series of 1,4-bis(decoxyphenyl)carbamothioyl-terephthalamide derivatives was successfully synthesised by reaction of benzene-1,4-dicarbonyl isothiocyanate intermediates with long alkyl chain. The alkylation was performed via Williamson etherification of 4-acetamidophenol with bromoalkanes. The synthesised bis(thiourea) derivatives differed in the chain length, CnH2n+1, wheren=10, 12, and 14. The structures of all compounds were characterised by elemental CHN analysis, IR,1H, and13C NMR spectroscopies. Bacteriostatic activities of bis(thiourea derivatives which consisted of two folds of N-H, C=O, and C=S and long alkyl chain substituents were carried out against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, ATCC 25922) via turbidimetric kinetic method. Bis(thiourea) derivatives withn=10andn=12displayed excellent activity againstE. coliwith MIC of 135 µg/mL and 145 µg/mL, respectively, while bis(thiourea) derivatives withn=14acted as cutoff point with no antibacterial properties. Similar trend was observed in binding affinity to the active site of enoyl ACP reductase (FabI), which demonstrated binding free energy of-5.3 Kcal/mol and-4.9and-4.8 Kcal/mol, respectively.

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40

Sharma, P. D., Shruti Srivastava, and P. P. Singh. "Molecular Mechanics and Quantum Chemistry Based Study of Nickel-N-Allyl Urea andN-Allyl Thiourea Complexes." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2009): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/531719.

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Eigenvalue, eigenvector and overlap matrix of nickel halide complex ofN-allyl urea andN-allyl thiourea have been evaluated. Our results indicate that ligand field parameters (Dq, B’ andβ) evaluated earlier by electronic spectra are very close to values evaluated with the help of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Eigenvector analysis and population analysis shows that in bonding 4s, 4p, and 3dx2-y2, 3dyzorbitals of nickel are involved but the coefficient values differ in different complexes. Out of 4px, 4py, 4pzthe involvement of either 4pzor 4py, is noticeable. The theoretically evaluated positions of infrared bands indicate thatN-allyl urea is coordinated to nickel through its oxygen andN-allyl thiourea is coordinated to nickel through its sulphur which is in conformity with the experimental results.

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41

Makarov, Sergei V., Attila K. Horvath, Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu, and Qingyu Gao. "ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Thiourea Oxides." ChemInform 46, no. 5 (January 15, 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201505236.

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42

SORIANO-GARCIA, Manuel, Gonzalo TRUJILLO CHAVEZ, Francisco DIAZ CEDILLO, Ana Elizabeth DOMINGUEZ PEREZ, and Gerardo AGUIRRE HERNANDEZ. "Crystal Structures of N,N'-(m-Tolyl)thiourea and N,N'-(p-Tolyl)thiourea." Analytical Sciences 19, no. 7 (2003): 1087–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.19.1087.

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43

Kowal, Andrzej T. "Ab initio molecular geometry and anharmonic vibrational spectra of thiourea and thiourea-d4." Journal of Computational Chemistry 32, no. 4 (October 5, 2010): 718–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21665.

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44

Knowles, Robert R., Song Lin, and Eric N. Jacobsen. "Enantioselective Thiourea-Catalyzed Cationic Polycyclizations." Journal of the American Chemical Society 132, no. 14 (April 14, 2010): 5030–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja101256v.

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45

Abdel-Megeed, Mohamed Farghali, and Abderrahman Teniou. "Synthesis of some 3-substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinone and 4(3H)-quinazolinethione derivatives and related fused biheterocyclic ring systems." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 2 (1988): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19880329.

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The reactions of 2-phenyl-4(3H)-quinazoline, 2-phenyl-3-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinone, and corresponding thiones with phenyl isocyanate or phenyl isothiocyanate were investigated. The resulting urea and thiourea quinazolinone or quinazolinethione derivatives reacted with hydrazine hydrate, phenylhydrazine, and urea or thiourea to form fused biheterocyclic ring systems with potential biological activities. The products were identified by IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy.

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46

Wzgarda-Raj, Kinga, Agnieszka J. Rybarczyk-Pirek, Sławomir Wojtulewski, and Marcin Palusiak. "C—Br...S halogen bonds in novel thiourea N-oxide cocrystals: analysis of energetic and QTAIM parameters." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 76, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229620000947.

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Cocrystals of thiourea with 4-nitropyridine N-oxide, C5H4N2O3·2CH4N2S, (I), and 3-bromopyridine N-oxide, C5H4BrNO·CH4N2S, (II), crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c. In the crystals, molecules of both components are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, creating R 2 1(6) synthons. The bromine substituent of the N-oxide component in (II) is a centre for C—Br...S halogen bonding to the thiourea molecule. Computations based on quantum chemistry methods (quantum theory of atoms in molecules, QTAIM) and atoms in molecules (AIM) theory were performed for a more detailed description of the observed type of halogen-bonding interaction.

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47

Mistry, Bhupendra M., Han-Seung Shin, Muthuraman Pandurangan, and Rahul V. Patel. "Synthesis of Acyl Thiourea Derivatives of 7-Trifluoromethyl-2-Pyridylquinazolin-4(3H)-one as Anticancer Agents." Journal of Chemical Research 41, no. 10 (October 2017): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751917x15064232103074.

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A new series of 7-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridylquinazolin-4(3 H)-one-based acyl thiourea derivatives has been generated and tested for their cytotoxicity towards human ovarian cancer (SK-OV-3), cervical cancer (HeLa), renal cancer (Caki-2) cell lines, as well as noncancerous a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line. The new thiourea derivatives were found to be promisingly cytotoxic towards the cancerous cell lines. Changing the substituent at the thiourea linkage led to variations in the cytotoxic potential of the resultant derivatives towards specific cell lines. Molecules with fluorine functionality and multiple pyridyl moieties showed encouraging anticancer effects and could be used as a platform for the design of further chemotherapeutic agents. The proposed structures of the products were ascertained through FTIR, mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra and elemental analyses.

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48

Rahman, Aziz-Ur, Miguel A. Medrano, and O. P. Mittal. "Reactions between acids and thiourea: Part I. The formation of amides from acids and thiourea." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 79, no. 2 (September 2, 2010): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19600790207.

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49

Frings, Marcus, Isabelle Thomé, and Carsten Bolm. "Synthesis of chiral sulfoximine-based thioureas and their application in asymmetric organocatalysis." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (September 3, 2012): 1443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.164.

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For the first time, chiral sulfoximine derivatives have been applied as asymmetric organocatalysts. In combination with a thiourea-type backbone the sulfonimidoyl moiety leads to organocatalysts showing good reactivity in the catalytic desymmetrization of a cyclic meso-anhydride and moderate enantioselectivity in the catalytic asymmetric Biginelli reaction. Straightforward synthetic routes provide the newly designed thiourea-sulfoximine catalysts in high overall yields without affecting the stereohomogeneity of the sulfur-containing core fragment.

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50

Kishore, Ram, M. Kamboj, M. Shukla, and Devdutt Chaturvedi. "Triton-B Mediated Efficient Synthesis of Thioxoimidazolidine-4,5-diones." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22252.

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A simple, mild and efficient protocol for the synthesis of thioxoimidazolidine-4,5-diones (1-15) from substituted thiourea employing Triton-B/CS2 system has been discussed. The protocol described is an easy, efficient, nature-friendly method using cheap, easily available, less toxic reagents at room temperature. The synthesis involves the reaction between substituted thiourea in toluene and oxalyl chloride at room temperature using phase transfer catalyst Triton-B/CS2 system.

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