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1

Miao, Weihang, Pingting Ye, Mengjiao Bai, et al. "Iodine-catalyzed efficient synthesis of xanthene/thioxanthene-indole derivatives under mild conditions." RSC Advances 10, no. 42 (2020): 25165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra05217e.

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2

Durães, Fernando, Patrícia M. A. Silva, Pedro Novais, et al. "Tetracyclic Thioxanthene Derivatives: Studies on Fluorescence and Antitumor Activity." Molecules 26, no. 11 (2021): 3315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113315.

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Thioxanthones are bioisosteres of the naturally occurring xanthones. They have been described for multiple activities, including antitumor. As such, the synthesis of a library of thioxanthones was pursued, but unexpectedly, four tetracyclic thioxanthenes with a quinazoline–chromene scaffold were obtained. These compounds were studied for their human tumor cell growth inhibition activity, in the cell lines A375-C5, MCF-7 and NCI-H460. Photophysical studies were also performed. Two of the compounds displayed GI50 values below 10 µM for the three tested cell lines, and structure–activity relation
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3

Yamuna, Thammarse S., Manpreet Kaur, Brian J. Anderson, Jerry P. Jasinski, and H. S. Yathirajan. "Flupentixol tartrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 2 (2014): o206—o207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814001536.

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In the title salt, C23H26F3N2OS+·C4H5O6−[systematic name: 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-[3-(2-(trifluoromethyl)thioxanthen-9-ylidene)propyl]piperazin-1-ium 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropionate], the monoprotonated piperazine ring in the cation adopts a chair conformation, while the thiopyran ring of the thioxanthene group has a boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two outer aromatic rings of the thioxanthene groups is 31.6 (2)°. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linkedviaO—H...O, N—H...O, O—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [100]. I
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4

Tsai, E. W., L. Throckmorton, R. McKellar, et al. "Electrochemistry of thioxanthene, thioxanthone and related compounds in acetonitrile." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 210, no. 1 (1986): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(86)90314-1.

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5

Shimizu, Masaki, Kenta Nishimura, Mizuki Mineyama, Rin Terao, Tsuneaki Sakurai, and Hiroshi Sakaguchi. "Bis(tricyclic) Aromatic Enes That Exhibit Efficient Fluorescence in the Solid State." Molecules 29, no. 22 (2024): 5361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225361.

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We report herein that bis(tricyclic) aromatic enes (BAEs) consisting of 6-6-6-membered frameworks such as acridine, xanthene, thioxanthene, and thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide act as a new class of organic luminophores that exhibit blue-to-green fluorescence in the solid state and in polymer film with good to excellent quantum yields. The BAEs were prepared by the palladium-catalyzed double cross-coupling reaction of phenazastannines or 10,10-dimethyl-10H-phenothiastannin with 9-(dibromomethylene)xanthene, 9-(dibromomethylene)thioxanthene, or 9-(dibromomethylene)-9H-thioxanthene-10,10-dioxide. Microc
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6

Pedersen, V. "Thioxanthene antipsychotics." European Psychiatry 11 (January 1996): 236s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)88706-2.

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7

Schaefer, Ted, Rudy Sebastian, and Christian Beaulieu. "Molecular orbital and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the inversion potentials of thianthrene and thioxanthene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 6 (1991): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-137.

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The inversion potentials, obtained from STO-3G, STO-3G(*), 3-21G, 3-21G(*), and 4-31G basis sets, are reported for thianthrene and thioxanthene, molecules in which both or only one of the methylene groups have been replaced by sulfur in 9,10-dihydroanthracene. Comparison with the available experimental data suggests that the split-valence bases lead to an overestimate, possibly by about 10 kJ/mol, of the inversion barrier in the crystal, whereas the STO-3G and STO-3G* basis sets underestimate this barrier. It appears that the inversion barrier for thianthrene is much lower in solution than in
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8

Polívka, Zdeněk, Jiří Holubek, Miloš Buděšínský, et al. "Potential antihistamine agents: 4-(6,11-Dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11-ylidene)-1-methyltetrahydrothiopyranium iodide and similar sulfonium salts derived from related tricyclic systems." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 11 (1987): 2758–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872758.

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Thioxanthone, 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-one, dibenzo[b,e]thiepin-11(6H)-one, its 2-methyl derivative, and thieno[2,3-c]-2-benzothiepin-4(9H)-one were reacted with 4-tetrahydrothiopyranylmagnesium bromide and the obtained tertiary alcohols IVabc, VIc, and XIX were dehydrated to the olefinic sulfides IXabc, Xc, and XXI. Addition of methyl iodide afforded the title compounds XIabc, XIIc, and XXII. The Grignard reactions were accompanied by the 1,6-addition giving the ketones XVI-XVIII as by-products. The reductive properties of tetrahydrothiopyranylmagnesium bromide were most strikin
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9

Vasilieva, Nadezhda V., Irina G. Irtegova, Vladimir A. Loskutov, and Leonid A. Shundrin. "Electrochemical reduction and radical anions of benzo[b]thioxanthene-6,11,12-trione and thioxanthene-1,4,9-trione." Mendeleev Communications 22, no. 2 (2012): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2012.03.021.

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10

Jeon, Young Pyo, Kyu Sung Kim, Kyeong Kyun Lee, et al. "Blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices based on carbazole/thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide with a high glass transition temperature." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 24 (2015): 6192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc00279f.

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A bipolar host material for blue organic light-emitting devices was synthesized by incorporating electron-donating carbazole and electron-accepting thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide into one molecule using a solventless green reaction.
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11

Cai, Songtao, Chang Liu, Song He, Liancheng Zhao, and Xianshun Zeng. "Mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for imaging endogenous hydrogen sulfide in cellular antioxidant stress." Analytical Methods 12, no. 42 (2020): 5061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay01200a.

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The mitochondria-targeted fluorescence probe L, a thioxanthene-benzoindole derivative, for the detection and imaging of endogenous H<sub>2</sub>S in living cells and cellular antioxidant stress has been developed.
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12

Odintsov, Danila S., Inna K. Shundrina, Irina A. Os'kina, Irina V. Oleynik, Jens Beckmann, and Leonid A. Shundrin. "Ambipolar polyimides with pendant groups based on 9H-thioxanthene-9-one derivatives: synthesis, thermostability, electrochemical and electrochromic properties." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 12 (2020): 2243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01930h.

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New thermally stable polyimides with pendant groups based on 9H-thioxanthene-9-one and its S,S-dioxide display electrochemical and electrochromic activities caused by radical anion states of pendant groups and in-chain imide moieties.
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13

Liu, Kunkun, Xiang-Long Li, Ming Liu, et al. "9,9-Diphenyl-thioxanthene derivatives as host materials for highly efficient blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 38 (2015): 9999–10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc01749a.

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A series of 9,9-diphenyl-9H-thioxanthene derivatives are reported as host materials in blue phosphorescent OLEDs, giving a maximum power efficiency of 69.7 lm W<sup>−1</sup> and an external quantum efficiency of 29.0%.
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14

Walash, Mohamed Ibrahim, Mohamed Rizk, and Amina El-Brashy. "Titrimetric determination of some thioxanthene derivatives." Analyst 113, no. 8 (1988): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9881301309.

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15

Belal, F., M. M. Hefnawy, and F. A. Aly. "Analysis of pharmaceutically-important thioxanthene derivatives." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 16, no. 3 (1997): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00072-1.

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16

Yunnikova, L. P. "Reductive hetarylation OF imines by thioxanthene." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 31, no. 7 (1995): 877–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01170754.

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17

Yan, Xu, Guan Wang, Li-Hua Zhang, Li Wang, Xiao-Fei Liu, and Wan-Tai Yang. "Thioxanthene-9-thione Mediated MMA Polymerization." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 36, no. 7 (2018): 805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-018-2140-9.

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18

Rubio, Omayra H., Angel L. Fuentes de Arriba, Francisca Sanz, Francisco M. Muniz, and Joaquín R. Morán. "4,5-Dibromo-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethyl-9H-thioxanthene." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 6 (2012): o1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812020624.

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In the title compound, C23H28Br2S, the thioxanthene unit is twisted, showing a dihedral angle of 29.3 (5)° between the benzene rings. When projected along [001], the packing shows two types of channels. The crystal studied was a racemic twin.
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19

Freitas, Vera L. S., Manuel J. S. Monte, Luís M. N. B. F. Santos, José R. B. Gomes, and Maria D. M. C. Ribeiro da Silva. "Energetic Studies and Phase Diagram of Thioxanthene." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113, no. 46 (2009): 12988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp906413y.

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20

Wu, Qingqing, Wen Liao, Ying Xiong, Jianjing Yang, Zhen Li, and Hongding Tang. "Silicone-Thioxanthone: A Multifunctionalized Visible Light Photoinitiator with an Ability to Modify the Cured Polymers." Polymers 11, no. 4 (2019): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040695.

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A silicone-thioxanthone (STX) visible light photoinitiator was prepared by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-[(4-hydroxybenzyl)-(methyl)-amino]-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (TX-HB) and γ-chloropropylmethylpolysiloxane-co-dimethyl-polysiloxane (PSO-Cl). Its structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, UV-vis and GPC. The photopolymerization kinetics of 1, 6-Hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) initiated by STX confirmed that STX is an efficient photoinitiator. Its visible light photolysis experiment and the photopolymerization kinetics studies implied th
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21

Ponyaev, A. I., and Y. S. Glukhova. "Thioxanthene dyes as triplet sensitizers for photodynamic therapy." Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 17 (March 2017): A59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.132.

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22

Coelho, Paulo J., Luis M. Carvalho, Sofia Abrantes, et al. "Synthesis and spectrokinetic studies of spiro[thioxanthene-naphthopyrans]." Tetrahedron 58, no. 47 (2002): 9505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01278-4.

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23

Iijima, Kinya, Mitsuko Yagi, and Shigeki Onuma. "Molecular structure of gaseous thioxanthene by electron diffraction." Journal of Molecular Structure 239 (October 1990): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(90)80224-8.

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24

Belal, F., F. Ibrahim, S. M. Hassan, and F. A. Aly. "Spectroflourimetric determination of some pharmaceutically important thioxanthene derivatives." Analytica Chimica Acta 255, no. 1 (1991): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(91)85093-8.

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25

Glennon, Richard A., Abd M. Ismaiel, Seth Ablordeppey, Mahmoud El-Ashmawy та James B. Fisher. "Thioxanthene-derived analogs as σ 1 receptor ligands". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 14, № 9 (2004): 2217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.02.018.

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26

YUNNIKOVA, L. P. "ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Hetarylation of Imines with Thioxanthene." ChemInform 27, no. 14 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199614149.

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27

Abualhasan, Murad, Hussein Haider, Ahmad Odeh, and Amer Daraghmeh. "Bioactivity of Synthesized Trifluoromethyl Thioxanthone Analogues." Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 4 (2025): 561. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18040561.

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Background: The study aims to evaluate the potential of trifluoromethyl thioxanthene derivatives across various biological activities, including antioxidant properties, anti-amylase effects, pancreatic lipase inhibition, anticancer activity, and COX inhibition. This research offers insights into the therapeutic applications of these compounds for managing metabolic disorders and inflammation. Method: Tertiary alcohols were synthesized using Grignard reagents and subsequently combined with L-cysteine, with their structures confirmed via NMR and IR spectroscopy. Results: The results indicated co
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28

Messer, T., T. Glaser, and F. Häßler. "Rationale Therapie von Aggressivität und psychomotorischen Erregungszuständen mit Zuclopenthixol." Die Psychiatrie 08, no. 01 (2011): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1671856.

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ZusammenfassungZuclopenthixol ist ein mittelpotentes Antipsychotikum aus der Reihe der Thioxanthene. Es ist in Deutschland zugelassen für die Behandlung von akuter und chronischer Schizophrenie, Manie, psychomotorischen Erregungszuständen und aggressiven Verhaltensweisen bei Demenz sowie psychomotorischer Erregung bei geistiger Behinderung. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird die Evidenzlage zum Einsatz dieser Substanz bei psychomotorischen Erregungszuständen und Aggressivität dargestellt. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden neuere Daten zur Wirksamkeit von Zuclopenthixol bei der Behandlun
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29

Silva, Erica, and Paulo Coelho. "Novel Photochromic Spiro[Thioxanthene-Naphthopyrans] with Faster Bleaching Kinetics." Letters in Organic Chemistry 5, no. 6 (2008): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157017808785740417.

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30

Loskutov, V. A. "Amination of thioxanthene-1,4,9-trione and its chloro derivatives." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 47, no. 10 (2011): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070428011100186.

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31

FUJIWARA, Hidetoshi, Akira KATO, and Ichizo OKABAYASHI. "Mass spectra of 9H-xanthene and 9H-thioxanthene derivatives." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 37, no. 4 (1989): 1074–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.1074.

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32

Mlotkowska, B. L., James A. Cushman, J. Harwood, W. W. Lam, and A. L. Ternay. "Two-dimensional NMR studies of 2-substituted thioxanthene sulfoxides." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 28, no. 3 (1991): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570280330.

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33

Hassan, S. "Fluorometric determination of some thioxanthene derivatives in dosage forms." Talanta 36, no. 5 (1989): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(89)80123-7.

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34

Siti, Nor Fadhlina Misron, Misron Khairunnisak, and Zahiruddin Othman. "Unilateral Parotitis Secondary to Flupenthixol Decanoate in a Schizophrenia Patient: A Very Rare Side Effect." International Medical Journal 26, no. 5 (2019): 361–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3403422.

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Objective: Thioxanthene class, particularly flupenthixol is not yet an established cause of parotitis, a rare side effect of antipsychotics. However, the risk of parotitis is still possible due to its anticholinergic property. Results: We reported a case of flupenthixol decanoate-induced parotitis with xerostomia. According to the parotitis-specific criteria Modified Naranjo Probability Scale, flupenthixol decanoate is a probable cause of parotitis in this patient. Conclusion: Correct identification of flupenthixol as the responsible agent for anticholinergic-induced parotitis is the most pivo
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35

Torregrosa-Chinillach, Alejandro, and Rafael Chinchilla. "Synthesis of Xanthones, Thioxanthones and Acridones by a Metal-Free Photocatalytic Oxidation Using Visible Light and Molecular Oxygen." Molecules 26, no. 4 (2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040974.

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9H-Xanthenes, 9H-thioxanthenes and 9,10-dihydroacridines can be easily oxidized to the corresponding xanthones, thioxanthones and acridones, respectively, by a simple photo-oxidation procedure carried out using molecular oxygen as oxidant under the irradiation of visible blue light and in the presence of riboflavin tetraacetate as a metal-free photocatalyst. The obtained yields are high or quantitative.
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36

Sato, Hisaya, Hisaaki Matsuda, Kazuo Okamoto, Kenji Ogino, and Yuanhu Pei. "Synthesis and characterization of electron transporting polymers having thioxanthene derivatives." Synthetic Metals 105, no. 1 (1999): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(99)00029-6.

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37

Yamaguchi, Torahiko, and Yohsuke Yamamoto. "Substituent effects on the structure of hexacoordinate carbon bearing two thioxanthene ligands." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 4 (2013): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-11-05.

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In order to elucidate the electronic nature of our recently reported first hexacoordinated carbon (12-C-6), density functional theory (DFT) calculations of sulfide precursor, sulfone derivative, and S+-F derivative were carried out and compared with those of the reported S+-Me hexacoordinated carbon. Computations on the hexacoordinated carbon, indicating that four attractive C–O interactions with the central hexacoordinate carbon atom exist, also revealed that the interactions consist of two different types of three-center four-electron bonds, which can be regarded as electron donation by the
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38

HARADA, MASAHIKO, YASUYUKI TAKIMOTO, NAOKI NOMA, and YASUHIKO SHIROTA. "Mechanism for photoinitiaiton of a three-component system containing thioxanthene dye." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (1991): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.4.51.

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39

Fan, Dominic, George Poste, Christopher Seid, et al. "Reversal of multidrug resistance in murine fibrosarcoma cells by thioxanthene flupentixol." Investigational New Drugs 12, no. 3 (1994): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00873959.

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40

Lee, Geon Hyeong, and Young Sik Kim. "Thioxanthene-Based Organic Light-Emitting Diode Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 17, no. 11 (2017): 8389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2017.15140.

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41

IIJIMA, K., M. YAGI, and S. ONUMA. "ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Structure of Gaseous Thioxanthene (I) by Electron Diffraction." ChemInform 22, no. 5 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199105059.

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42

Kaatz, Glenn W., Varsha V. Moudgal, Susan M. Seo, and Jette E. Kristiansen. "Phenothiazines and Thioxanthenes Inhibit Multidrug Efflux Pump Activity in Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 2 (2003): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.2.719-726.2003.

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ABSTRACT Efflux-related multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant means by which bacteria can evade the effects of selected antimicrobial agents. Genome sequencing data suggest that Staphylococcus aureus may possess numerous chromosomally encoded MDR efflux pumps, most of which have not been characterized. Inhibition of these pumps, which may restore clinically relevant activity of antimicrobial agents that are substrates for them, may be an effective alternative to the search for new antimicrobial agents that are not substrates. The inhibitory effects of selected phenothiazines and two geom
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43

Liu, Qiuchen, Chang Liu, Song He, Xianshun Zeng, Jian Zhang, and Jin Gong. "A New Lysosome-Targeted NIR Fluorescent Probe for Specific Detection of Cysteine over Homocysteine and Glutathione." Molecules 28, no. 17 (2023): 6189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176189.

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In this paper, by modifying the thioxanthene-benzothiozolium fluorophore, BCy-Cys, a lysosome-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe was synthesized for the detection of cysteine (Cys) from homocysteine (Hcy)/glutathione (GSH). As expected, BCy-Cys exhibited high selectivity and high sensitivity for detection of Cys over Hcy/GSH, with an extremely low limit of detection at 0.31 μM, marked by obvious color changes. HRMS was conducted to confirm that the fluorescence intensity at 795 nm was significantly enhanced by the enhancement of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Importantly, BC
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44

Farde, Lars, and A.-L. Nordstrom. "PET Analysis Indicates Atypical Central Dopamine Receptor Occupancy in Clozapine-Treated Patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, S17 (1992): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296888.

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D1 and D2 dopamine (DA) receptor occupancy was determined by PET in the basal ganglia of drug-treated schizophrenic patients. In 22 patients treated with classical neuroleptics at conventional doses, the average D2 occupancy was 78% (s.d. 6%). In five patients treated with the prototype atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine, a lower D2 occupancy of 48% (s.d. 11%, P&lt;0.01) was found. Accordingly, clozapine is ‘atypical’ with respect to the striatal D2 DA receptor occupancy induced in patients. No obvious D1 DA receptor occupancy was induced by the classical neuroleptics haloperidol or sulpiri
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45

Yamaguchi, Torahiko, Shin-ichi Fuku-en, Shun Sugawara, Satoshi Kojima, and Yohsuke Yamamoto. "Demethylation of an Allene Bearing Two Dimethoxythioxanthene Groups by Oxidation via a Vinyl Cation Intermediate." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 12 (2010): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10297.

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With the objective of preparing an isolable triplet carbene, we have carried out the oxidation of an allenic compound bearing two thioxanthene moieties (5). Relatively weak oxidants such as Ph3C+BF4 – gave 8, which is the conjugate acid of 5, as a result of a one-electron oxidation followed by hydrogen abstraction, whereas relatively strong oxidants such as SbCl5 furnished a dicationic ketal (9) as a consequence of oxidation and demethylation. Computations on the supposed dicationic intermediate suggest that the singlet state is more stable than the triplet state by 6.7 kcal mol–1 and that the
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46

Romain, Maxime, Denis Tondelier, Bernard Geffroy, et al. "Spiro-configured phenyl acridine thioxanthene dioxide as a host for efficient PhOLEDs." Chemical Communications 51, no. 7 (2015): 1313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc08028a.

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A new high triplet organic semi-conductor based on a donor-spiro-acceptor design has been synthesized and used as a host material in high performance (EQE = 11.4% at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>) sky blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes.
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47

Lee, Geon Hyeong, and Young Sik Kim. "Theoretical study of thioxanthene derivatives for blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 659, no. 1 (2017): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2018.1450960.

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48

Shehata, I. A., S. M. EL-Ashry, M. A. EL-Sherbeny, D. T. EL-Sherbeny, and F. Belal. "Fluorimetric determination of some thioxanthene derivatives in dosage forms and biological fluids." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 22, no. 5 (2000): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00267-8.

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Aly, Fatma A. "Difference spectrophotometric determination of some pharmaceutically important thioxanthene derivatives in dosage forms." Mikrochimica Acta 110, no. 4-6 (1993): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01245103.

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Jeong, Jae-Mun, Kentarou Abe, Hisaya Sato, Julia Pretula, Krzysztof Kaluzynski, and Kenji Ogino. "Synthesis and characterization of low molecular weight photorefractive materials with thioxanthene unit." Synthetic Metals 139, no. 1 (2003): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(02)01251-1.

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