Relevant bibliographies by topics / Third class

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Third class'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Third class"

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Kimbel, KarlH. "Second-class drugs for third world." Lancet 345, no. 8947 (February 1995): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90423-9.

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Szymik, Markus. "The third Milgram–Priddy class lifts." Journal of Algebra 547 (April 2020): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2019.11.028.

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Hsu, E., M. F. Flajnik, and L. Du Pasquier. "A third immunoglobulin class in amphibians." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 1998–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.3.1998.

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Abstract A new class of immunoglobulin (IgX) has been found in the South African frog, Xenopus laevis, and other related species. IgX can be immunoprecipitated by monoclonal antibodies directed against determinants found on Xenopus light chain, or on variable regions of heavy chains. Reagents specific for the heavy chain of IgM or the amphibian IgG equivalent, IgY, failed to react with IgX. IgX, which exists in serum as a polymer, is composed of subunits of disulfide-bonded heavy chains of 80,000 daltons and light chains of 25,000 to 29,000 daltons. Like mu, the heavy chain of IgX carries a large amount of asparagine-linked carbohydrate, but the partial peptide maps of the two are different. Although the concentration of IgX varies greatly in the serum of individual frogs, it is always secreted in cultures of cells from the spleen and intestinal mucosae.
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Ginn, Jay. "Third way or third class? Conservative pension policies rebranded under Labour." Critical Social Policy 21, no. 4 (November 2001): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026101830102100420.

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Saker, S. H., and J. Džurina. "On the oscillation of certain class of third-order nonlinear delay differential equations." Mathematica Bohemica 135, no. 3 (2010): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.2010.140700.

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Brushwood, David B., and Richard R. Abood. "A Third Class of Drugs: An Overview." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 19, no. 1 (January 1985): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900121.

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Kortlandt, Frederik. "The Germanic Third Class of Weak Verbs." NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 15 (March 1, 1990): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.15.01kor.

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Horvath, I. "A Third Class of Gamma‐Ray Bursts?" Astrophysical Journal 508, no. 2 (December 1998): 757–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/306416.

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GILLEARD, CHRIS, and PAUL HIGGS. "The third age: class, cohort or generation?" Ageing and Society 22, no. 3 (May 2002): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x0200870x.

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In this paper we consider some of the ways that the third age can be thought about and studied. Taking the work of Peter Laslett as our key source, we explore his ‘aspirational’ approach toward redefining post-working life and look at some of its limitations as both definition and explanation. There is a need for a more sociologically informed approach to the third age, and we outline three potentially important structures that might better explain it – class, birth cohort, and generation. Whilst it might seem attractive to see the third age as a class-determined status, based on the material and social advantages accruing to people who have retired from well-paid positions in society, the historical period in which the third age has emerged makes this explanation less than adequate. Equally a cohort-based explanation, locating the third age in the ‘ageing’ of the birth cohort known as the baby boom generation, fails fully to capture the pervasiveness and irreversibility of the cultural change that has shaped not just one but a sequence of cohorts beginning with those born in the years just before World War II. Instead, we argue for a generational framework in understanding the third age, drawing upon Mannheim rather than Marx as the more promising guide in this area.
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Zenkin, N., and K. Severinov. "RNA polymerase – The third class of primases." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 65, no. 15 (March 29, 2008): 2280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-008-8020-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Third class"

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Worley, Matthew. "Class against class : the Communist Party of Great Britain in the third period, 1927-1932." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11061/.

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This thesis provides an analysis of communism in Britain between 1927 and 1932. In these years, the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) embarked upon a 'new period' of political struggle around the concept of class against class. The increasingly draconian measures of the Labour Party and trade union bureaucracy between 1924 and 1927 significantly restricted the scope of communist influence within the mainstream labour movement. As such, the CPGB - in accordance with the Communist International - attempted to establish an 'independent leadership' of the working class. The decline in Communist Party membership that accompanied the 'New Line' has led historians to associate an apparent collapse in CPGB influence with the political perspective of class against class. Similarly, the CPGB's initial resistance to the line has been interpreted as evidence of the Party's willing subservience to Moscow. In this thesis, such a portrayal of communist motive and experience will be challenged. Instead, a more multifaceted approach will endeavour to show that: i) the 'left turn' of 1927- 28 complemented attitudes evident in Britain since at least 1926; ii) the simultaneous collapse in CPGB influence related primarily to the structural changes afflicting Britain (and the British labour movement) between the wars; iii) the period was a difficult but not completely disastrous time for the Party. Rather, the years should be seen as a transitional period, in which the focus of communist activity moved out of the workplace and onto the streets. Thus, the Party's successful mobilisation of the unemployed, and the development of an idiosyncratic communist culture, were 'positive' factors. And finally; iv) that the political line pursued by the CPGB was more flexible and changeable than has hitherto been recognised. The Party continually modified its political strategy and objectives throughout the Third Period. Moreover, the 'sectarian excesses' that characterised class against class were due in part to the will of the Party rank and file. Many in the Party embraced the exclusivity of the New Line, and were responsible for interpreting the policy 'on the ground.'
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McCrink, Sean H. "Forecasting advancement rates to petty officer third class for U.S. Navy hospital corpsmen." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42681.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
We develop forecasting models to identify the most influential decision variables in predicting advancement probabilities to petty officer third Class (E-4) in the Hospital Corpsman rating in the U.S. Navy. Analyzing a Sailor’s first three opportunities at advancement to E-4, the possible outcomes are advancement, failure to advance, or separation from the Navy between advancement opportunities. Using data collected from 1996 through 2004, on more than 50,000 Sailors in this rating, multivariate logistic regression models are developed to estimate Sailors’ advancement probabilities based on their individual personal and professional attributes. We find that the three corresponding models developed are nearly identical with respect to the influences of year of promotion, length of service, Navy enlisted classification code, the total number of sea months, the proportion of vacancies to test takers, Armed Forces Qualification Test score, and performance mark average (PMA). Among the variables considered, PMA is found to be the most influential in predicting a Sailor’s estimated advancement probability, supporting the hypothesis that sustained superior performance is the key to success in a military career.
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White, Judith Deierling Klass Patricia Harrington. "Reduced class size and teacher perceptions of its impact in kindergarten through third grade." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9819904.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1997.
Title from title page screen, viewed June 30, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Patricia Klass (chair), Paul Baker, Larry McNeal, Thomas F. Ryan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-112) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Arnado, Mary Janet Madrono. "Class Inequality among Third World Women Wage Earners: Mistresses and Maids in the Philippines." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26397.

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This dissertation is geared toward a deeper understanding of the complexity of the multiple positions of women in the â Third World,â and on how these positions create, sustain, and reproduce inequalities. I examine class inequality among employed women in the Philippines in the context of mistress-maid employment relationship. Using feminist fieldwork approaches, my gatekeeper, Merly, and I conducted extensive interviews and focus groups with thirty-one maids and ten mistresses between May and August 2000 in a medium-sized city in the Philippines. Recorded interviews were transcribed and processed using QSR NUD*IST N4. Domestic workers, who started as child laborers, live in their mistressesâ homes where they perform household chores and carework. Aside from their â job description,â they carry out additional tasks within and outside the household. The maidsâ relationship with their mistresses is based on maternalism, in which the mistresses integrate them into the family, engage in gift giving, provide educational support, but at the same time, control their bodies, times, spaces, and relationships. Except in cases where maternalist behavior becomes violent, both maids and mistresses approve of maternalism. In looking at the factors that may contribute to the mistressesâ maternalist behavior, this study found that mistresses who are subordinate relative to their spouses and their workplaces are more likely than those who are not subordinate to engage in maternalist behavior with their maids. As maids prefer maternalist relationship with their mistresses, they accommodate their mistressesâ dominating tendencies. When reprimanded, they respond through culture-specific rituals of subordination. However, when their threshold of tolerance is breached, they apply a combination of subtle and blatant resisting strategies. Younger maids perceive domestic work as a stepping-stone toward a more comfortable future, while older maids view it as a dead-end occupation. From a global standpoint, class mobility is examined based on the domestic workers dialectic positions within the international division of reproductive labor. Throughout this dissertation, womenâ s inequality in the context of mistress-maid relations were analyzed from various angles, shifting the analysis from micro to macro dynamics; from class to the intersection of gender, ethnicity, age, and class; and from local to global. In addition to providing a sociological understanding of this phenomenon, I put the varied voices of â Third World womenâ at the forefront of this study.
Ph. D.
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Ziegler, Kathryn A. ""Formidable-femininity" : performing gender and third wave feminism in a women's self defense class /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594479911&sid=12&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Lyon, Katherine. "“There's no excuse for slowing down" : doing gender, race, and class in the third age." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61123.

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Within social gerontology, the third age is often imagined to be a time of healthy, prosperous, flexible retirement, yet this interpretation can overshadow the experiences of more marginalized elders. Drawing on over 135 hours of participant-observation and twenty-six semi-structured interviews conducted between January and September 2015 at a Vancouver Neighbourhood House, I explicate how elder volunteers and staff take up the third age discourse through their development and implementation of a Seniors’ Drop-In Program. Drawing on feminist gerontology and the sociology of gender, I trace how these low-income elders “do” gendered and generational conceptions of aging through accessible, affordable, productive activity by replicating and revising the third age discourse mediated through institutional texts targeted toward the “boomer” generation. At the same time, elders develop distinct relationships to and perform different interpretations of these Seniors’ Drop-In activities, particularly the multicultural lunch components, based on their intersecting social locations, including generation, class, race, and gender. This thesis also explores the standpoint of staff in order to demonstrate how the work of senior-driven programming is constrained and enabled by grant-based funding and workload pressures articulated through the discourse of managerial efficiency. In sum, this work’s key findings concern how a senior-driven Drop-In Program in a Neighbourhood House context is coordinated by the complementary and contradictory textually-mediated discourses of the third age, senior-driven programming, and managerial efficiency that elders and staff enact and bring into being in particular interindividual and institutional contexts. This dissertation is sociologically significant in centring age and generation within theories of intersectionality and performativity through an inductive, qualitative exploration of low-income elders often erased from dominant third age scholarship, and through an examination of senior-driven program planning dynamics within the unique understudied context of a community-based Neighbourhood House.
Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate
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German, Lindsey. "Contrasting debates and perspectives from second and third wave feminists in Britain : class, work and activism." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16331.

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The dissertation rests firstly on the author's previously published work (German, 1989; German, 2007; German, 2013) which attempted to analyse the position of women in British society in terms of their relationship to class, work and oppression; and secondly on original research in the form of interviews with a number of Second Wave and Third Wave feminists, which aimed to elicit their responses to a variety of questions in relation to class, women's role at work, and feminist activism. The aim is to contrast the expectations and influences of the different generations of feminists in order to understand what has motivated them and what issues continued to be important for them. The research investigates differences between the two groups of women, considering the extent to which this reflects the different economic and social circumstances in which they were shaped politically. It argues that there is a strong ideological commitment to women's equality across the different age groups, itself based on the inability of successive generations to achieve full equality, but that there are considerable differences of approach to activism and campaigning priorities, as well as to some theoretical questions. It considers the extent to which the Third Wave reflects a fragmentation from Second Wave approaches. It argues that the continued centrality of class in understanding women's oppression and other forms of oppression is related to the discrepancy between the expectations of oppressed groups for equality and capitalism's structural inability to deliver such equality.
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Finazzo, Constance Lea. "Increased coordination skills for the third through sixth grade special day class: A dance curriculum unit." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1453.

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This project is a dance curriculum unit designed for teachers working with students who have learning handicaps. It is specifically designed for students in grades three through sixth. It can be used in coordination with the performing arts curriculum or the physical education curriculum.
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Albaker, Awatif. "Mutational Analysis to Define the Functional Role of the Third Intracellular Loop of D1-Class Dopaminergic Receptors." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35063.

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The third intracellular loop (IL3) and cytoplasmic tail (CT), which are the most divergent regions between human D1-class dopaminergic receptors (hD1R and hD5R), have been implicated in modulating their subtype-specific functional phenotypes. The importance of the IL3 for Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) coupling and specificity has long been acknowledged in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) field. However, the exact role the central region of the IL3, notably the N- and C-terminal moieties, plays in GPCR receptor functionality remains unclear. Studies in our laboratory indicated that the IL3/N-terminal moiety of hD1-class receptors appears to be critical for facilitating agonist-independent and dependent activation of hD1R and hD5R. Furthermore, the IL3/C-terminal portion of hD1-class receptors constrains the receptor in the inactive state and reduces receptor affinity for agonists and G-protein coupling. I put forward the following hypothesis: 1. The functional properties of hD1-class receptors are regulated via a molecular micro-switch present within the IL3 central region modulating the functional properties of the receptor distinctly, 2. The functional differences between D1R and D5R require structural elements from both N- and C-terminal halves of the IL3 central region, and 3. The molecular interplay between the N- and C-terminal halves of the IL3 central region is dependent on the amino acid chain length and content. Herein, I have employed site-directed mutagenesis, and alanine replacement approaches to analyze comprehensively the structural determinants within the N- and C-terminal moieties of the IL3 central region that regulate ligand binding and G-protein coupling properties of hD1-class receptors. Moreover, my Ph.D. research aimed to pinpoint whether the IL3 length and/or structural motif(s) regulate ligand binding and activation properties of hD1R and hD5R. The results of my study highlight the importance of structural elements from both the proximal and distal segments of the IL3/central region of hD1-class receptors for the ligand binding and receptor activation status. Additionally, my results underline the significance of preserving the length of the IL3 regardless of the amino acid content. This study also shows the pivotal role played by a phenylalanine residue, F2646.27, in the signaling properties of hD1R. Notably, mutating F2646.27 leads to a mutant hD1R with characteristics resembling those of constitutively active mutant GPCRs. Unraveling the amino acid/amino acids constraining the receptor in the inactive state will perhaps provide an attractive target for drug design. Future work aims at developing drugs that particularly bind to the intracellular face of hD1R and improving selectivity towards hD1R may prove useful in limiting the side effects associated with the conventional therapy of brain disorders such as in the case of L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID) seen in individuals suffering from Parkinson’s disease.
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Charrette, Andrew. "The Role of the Central Region of the Third Intracellular Loop of D1-Class Receptors in Signalling." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23080.

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The D1-class receptors (D1R, D5R) each possess distinct signaling characteristics; however, pharmacological selectivity between them remains elusive. The third intracellular loops (IL3) of D1R and D5R harbour divergent residues that may contribute to their individual signalling phenotypes. Here we probe the function of central region of IL3 of D1R and D5R using deletion mutagenesis. Radioligand binding and whole cell cAMP assays suggest that the N-terminal and C-terminal moieties of the central IL3 oppositely contribute to the constitutive and agonist-dependant activity of D1-Class receptors. Whereas the N-terminal deletions ablated constitutive activity and decreased DA-induced activation, C-terminal deletions induced robust increases. These data, interpreted in concert with structural predictions generated from homology modeling implicate the central IL3 as playing an important role in the activation and subtype-specific characteristics of the D1-class receptors. This study may serve as a basis for the development of novel drugs targeting the central IL3 region.
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Books on the topic "Third class"

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Naval Education and Training Program Management Support Activity (U.S.), ed. Aerographer's mate third class. [Pensacola, FL]: The Activity, 1993.

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Naval Education and Training Program Management Support Activity (U.S.), ed. Fire controlman third class. [Pensacola, Fla.]: The Activity, 1988.

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Jason, Ford, ed. The third-class genie. London: Collins, 2000.

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Hal, the third class hero. Toronto: HarperCollins, 1992.

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Alive-O: Third class, primary five. Dublin: Veritas Publications, 2001.

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1941-, Edwards Viviane M., Rehorick Sally 1948-, and Kristmanson Paula, eds. A touch of-- class!: Third collection. Welland, Ont: Canadian modern language review = Revue canadienne des langues vivantes, 1994.

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Service, United States Postal, ed. Third-class mail preparation: Addressing the future. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Postal Service, 1993.

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Service, United States Postal, ed. Third-class mail preparation: Addressing the future. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Postal Service, 1993.

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Clare, Maloney, and Dunne Jeanette, eds. Alive-O 5: Third Class/Primary five. Dublin: Veritas, 2001.

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Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington. and Association of Washington Cities, eds. Handbook for Washington third class city officials. Seattle, Wash. (4719 Brooklyn Ave. N.E., Seattle 98105): Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington in cooperation with Association of Washington Cities, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Third class"

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Kontou, Tatiana, Victoria Mills, and Richard Menke. "Third-class rail travel." In Victorian Material Culture, 49–64. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315400303-13.

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Bhandari, Parul. "The Third Wheel: ‘New’ Matchmakers." In Matchmaking in Middle Class India, 67–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1599-6_4.

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Wu, Andrew. "Perpetual Foreigner Stereotype: Third Class Americans." In Asian American Educators and Microaggressions, 41–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23459-0_3.

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McFarland, Andrew, Joanna McFarland, and James T. Smith. "Geometry for the Third Gimnazjum Class (1935)." In Alfred Tarski, 273–318. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1474-6_13.

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Rex, John, Sally Tomlinson, David Hearnden, and Peter Ratcliffe. "Working class, underclass and Third World Revolution." In Colonial Immigrants in a British City, 275–95. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003333258-9.

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Gruen, Erich S. "CLASS CONFLICT AND THE THIRD MACEDONIAN WAR." In American Journal of Ancient History, edited by Ernst Badian, 29–60. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463237165-003.

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Slavyanov, S. Yu. "One Class of Third-Order Linear ODE’s." In Computer Algebra in Scientific Computing, 232–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15274-0_21.

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Arrighi, Giovanni, and Fortunata Piselli. "Feuds, Class Struggles and Labour Migration in Calabria." In Workers in Third-World Industrialization, 105–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21679-6_5.

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Ruiz-Rodgers, Natalia. "The Role of Research University in the Third World." In Paths to a World-Class University, 107–24. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-355-6_5.

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Al-Khudair, Abdulrahman, Abad Shah, and Hasan Mathkour. "Issues in Management of Class-History in Object-Oriented Databases." In Intelligent Systems Third Golden West International Conference, 823–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7108-3_87.

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Conference papers on the topic "Third class"

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Berman, A. Michael. "Class discussion by computer." In the twenty-third SIGCSE technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/134510.134531.

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Bach Nielsen, Anders, and Erik Ernst. "Virtual class support at the virtual machine level." In the Third Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1711506.1711507.

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Govada, Aruna, Bhavul Gauri, and S. K. Sahay. "Distributed Multi Class SVM for Large Data Sets." In the Third International Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2791405.2791534.

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Tsou, Wen-An, Wen-Shen Wuen, and Kuei-Ann Wen. "A Polar Modulated CMOS Class-E Amplifier with a Class-F Driver Stage." In 2009 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iita.2009.403.

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Ouwayed, N., A. Belaïd, and F. Auger. "Cohen's class distributions for skew angle estimation in noisy ancient Arabic documents." In The Third Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1568296.1568305.

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Zhang, Pengtao, and Ying Tan. "Class-wise information gain." In 2013 IEEE Third International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icist.2013.6747700.

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Kircay, Ali, and Ugur Cam. "Differential Type Class-AB Log-Domain Third-Order Universal Filter." In 2007 IEEE 15th Signal Processing and Communications Applications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2007.4298580.

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Zhizhen Wang, Long Wang, Wensheng Yu, and Guoping Liu. "Minimal positive realizations of a class of third-order systems." In Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc.2004.1383958.

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Chhabra, J. K., and K. K. Aggarwal. "Measurement of Intra-Class & Inter-Class Weakness for Object-Oriented Software." In Third International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itng.2006.89.

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STRELKOV, N. A., and V. L. DOL'NIKOV. "ON A CLASS OF OPTIMAL WAVELETS." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on WAA. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812796769_0098.

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Reports on the topic "Third class"

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Berlinski, Samuel. Helping Struggling Students and Benefiting All: Peer Effects in Primary Education. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004268.

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We exploit the randomized evaluation of a remedying education intervention that improved the reading skills of low-performing third grade students in Colombia, to study whether providing educational support to low-achieving students affects the academic performance of their higher-achieving classmates. We find that the test scores of non-treated children in treatment schools increased by 0.108 of a standard deviation compared to similar children in control schools. We interpret the reduced-form effect on higher-achieving students as a spillover effect within treated schools. We then estimate a linear-in-means model of peer effects, finding that a one-standard-deviation increase in peers' contemporaneous achievement increases individual test scores by 0.679 of a standard deviation. We rule out alternative explanations coming from a reduction in class size. We explore several mechanisms, including teachers' effort, students' misbehavior, and peer-to-peer interactions. Our findings show that policies aimed at improving the bottom of the achievement distribution have the potential to generate social-multiplier effects that benefit all.
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Rafaeli, Ada, and Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species: Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.

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The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.
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3

Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.

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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.
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