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1
Brennan, James R. "Contracting with reading costs and renegotiation costs." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3255549.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 10, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-118).
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Hillebrenner, Astrid. "Die private Zustimmung zu Rechtsgeschäften Dritter im englischen, dänischen und deutschen Recht /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/377402699.pdf.
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Gronemeyer, Achim. "Der Vertrag zugunsten Dritter im englischen common law das mit der privity of contract einhergehende Verbot des Vertrages zugunsten Dritter unter Berücksichtigung des contracts (rights of third parties) act 1999 und seine Auswirkungen auf die bestehende Rechtslage." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994294700/04.
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Tarvainytė, Agnė. "Sutartis trečio asmens naudai: lyginamoji analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20061219_110300-27306.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe, remiantis Lietuvos bei užsienio valstybių teisės aktais bei teisine literatūra, apžvelgiamas sutarčių trečiojo asmens naudai istorinis vystymasis Lietuvoje bei kitų valstybių praktikoje, sutarties trečiojo asmens naudai samprata bei elementai, kurie atskleidžia šios sutarties ypatumus bei sutartis, kurios savo prigimtimi yra pripažįstamos sutartimis trečiojo asmens naudai.The final paper to obtain the Master’s degree deals with the historical formation of contracts of third parties in law practice in Lithuania and in other countries, to the conception and the elements of contract of third parties on the basis of legal reference and interpretation of law acts in Lithuania and foreign countries, contracts which by their nature belong to contract of third parties. The final paper to obtain the Master’s degree deals with issues related to contract of third parties. It consists of four parts. In the first part author summarizes the historical formation of contract of third parties in law practice in Lithuania and in other countries. The second part is devoted to the conception of contract of third parties and its place in civil law in different countries. The third part discusses the elements of contract of third parties by establishing the particularity of these contracts and underlining their differences in comparison with other types of contracts. The author attempts to summarize the juridical facts, which are necessary for third party to become a creditor. This part also analyses the situation of the claim when the third party has an ability to gain it from the contract or from law acts. Next in this part the role of creditor in the contract of third parties is analyzed. The fourth part of final paper is devoted to the contracts which by their nature belong to contract of third parties. The purpose of final paper to obtain the Master’s... [to full text]
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Chinkin, Christine. "Third parties in international law /." Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/277409462.pdf.
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Brekoulakis, Stavros L. "Arbitration and third parties." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1504.
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Modern international transactions have become extremely complicated, requiring the participation of several parties for the delivery of large-scale projects. However. multiparty commercial projects are invariably executed through several bilateral contracts providing for bilateral dispute resolution arrangements. Some of the contracts might include a jurisdiction clause, certain others might provide for arbitration, while others may not contain any dispute resolution provisions at all. This practice leads to "jurisdictional fragmentation of the multiparty commercial project" where the several parties of a single business plan will fall under the jurisdiction of different adjudicatory fora. Thus. a dispute arising between two persons bound by an arbitration agreement in connection with the multiparty project will have to be resolved exclusively by arbitration between these two parties. Other persons cannot take part in the resolution of the dispute, even if they play an active role in the actual business project. and thus have an interest in the outcome of the dispute. These persons will remain third parties, both to the arbitration agreement and the arbitral award. This study focuses on the role and the interests of the wide group of third parties exhibiting an interest in the dispute pending before a tribunal between two genuine parties. The thesis, in particular, examines whether arbitration agreements can affect persons which are not contractually bound by these agreements. In addition, the thesis explores whether arbitral awards can affect persons that have not participated in the arbitration proceedings The thesis challenges the prevailing contractual approach to the issue of arbitration, focusing exclusively on the contractual characteristics of arbitration ag eements. According to this view, the main question is whether a non-signatory can be contractually bound by an arbitration agreement. The study demonstrates that focusing exclusively on the contractual nature of arbitration agreements obscures the real issue here, which is whether arbitration agreements may have any jurisdictional implications vis-a-vis `third parties'. Accordingly, the thesis takes a jurisdictional approach, and argues that the discussion should be focused on the dispute and on any implications this may have to third parties, rather than on the requirement of consent to arbitration agreements. Regarding the effect of arbitral awards on third parties, the thesis argues for a third-party effect of arbitral awards specially designed for the needs of international arbitration. More specifically, the case is made for the application of an arbitral effect different from that of res judicata, both in terms of quality and intensity, but that is nevertheless conclusive. It is also suggested that the third party effect of an arbitral award should be analogous to the degree of substantive association between the genuine and the false third parties. This is consistent with the basic premise of the whole thesis: the relations between several parties, in terms of jurisdiction and more generally in arbitration procedure, should correspond to the extent of association between those parties, in terms of substantive rights, interests and liability.
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Albrecht, Andreas. "Third party rights under inter-bank contracts : a comparative study." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63390.
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Richter, Jan Christoph. "Die Dritthaftung der Abschlussprüfer : Eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung des englischen, US-amerikanischen, kanadischen und deutschen Rechts /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014859536&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Channon, Matthew Raymond. "Validity and effect of exclusion clauses against third parties in motor insurance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32099.
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This thesis examines the regulation behind exclusion clauses and their use in third party motor insurance policies. The thesis answers three key questions. First, to what extent are exclusion clauses valid in third party motor insurance policies against third parties? Second, what is the effect of the use of exclusion clauses on third party claims? Third how should the law in this area be reformed? It further examines the effect on exclusion clauses of general contractual and insurance contract regulation on third party victims. Finally, the thesis will examine the role of the MIB and whether it provides adequate protection as a ‘fund of last resort’.
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Hall, Nora. "State Election Law and Votes for Third Parties in US House Races." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/761.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
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Fang, Cheng-Ru 1965. "Liability for copyright infringements committed by others." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80917.
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This thesis focuses on third-party liability in the field of copyright law in common law countries, that is, liability for the copyright infringement committed by others. By revisiting basic philosophies for copyright protection and case studies of three basic doctrines, authorization, vicarious liability, and contributory infringement, employed by courts to deal with third-party liability in the common law system, the author tries to extract applicable legal doctrines to treat third-party cases under a variety of circumstances. These doctrines could serve as a vigorous base with which to face future challenges, especially those resulting from ever-changing technological landscape, involving third-party liability in the field of copyright.
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O'Brien, N. D. "The liability of Internet service providers for unlawful content posted by third parties." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1149.
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Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) are crucial to the operation and development of the Internet. However, through the performance of their basic functions, they faced the great risk of civil and criminal liability for unlawful content posted by third parties. As this risk threatened the potential of the Internet, various jurisdictions opted to promulgate legislation that granted ISP’s safe harbours from liability. The South African (RSA) response is Chapter XI of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act (ECTA). The protection it provides is however not absolute. It is limited to ISP’s that are members of an Industry Representative Body (IRB) and those ISP’s must perform particular functions in relation to third party content in a certain manner to obtain limited liability. Due to the ECTA’s limited application and a lack of authority, the question is raised as to what is the liability of ISP’s for unlawful content posted by third parties? This dissertation pays particular attention to ISP liability for third party defamatory statements, hate speech, and obscene and indecent material. The role and characteristics of ISP’s in the functioning of the Internet is described. It is determined that a wide legal definition would be required to encompass the many roles they perform. The definition provided by the ECTA is wide and many different types of ISP can fall underneath it. This may have unintended consequences as entities may receive protection that the legislature did not intend. The appropriate laws in the United States of America (USA) and the United Kingdom are surveyed and suggestions as to the extent of ISP liability in circumstances where the ECTA does not apply are made. It is established that their position is uncertain due to difficulties in applying the law to the Internet. This could result in the law being applied incorrectly and ISP’s erroneously found liable. The ECTA’s threshold requirements limit the availability of the safe harbor provisions to ISP’s that are members of a recognised IRB. The IRB must comply with an extensive set of requirements to obtain recognition. The purpose of these requirements is to ensure that only responsible ISP’s obtain the protection provided by the act. After an examination of these requirements, their necessity is questioned as their purpose appears to be contrary to the logic of the safe harbours provided by the ECTA. The safe harbours are analysed and comparisons made to similar legislation that exists in the USA and the European Union (EU). It was established that the ECTA is a hybrid of the USA and EU legislation, and to a certain extent improves on them. It was suggested that the extent of ISP liability in relation to certain unlawful content is clearer under the ECTA. However, exceptions may exist in relation to hate speech and obscene and indecent content as a result of legislation that does not properly take the technology of the Internet into account. It was recommended that certain action be taken to correct this position to prevent any negative effects on the Internet industry and conflict with the objectives of the ECTA. The provision of limited liability contained in the ECTA is balanced with a notice and takedown procedure, which provides relief to victims of unlawful content. This procedure is analysed and it appears to be effective in providing relief. However, through an examination of concerns raised in relation to this type of procedure as it exists in the USA and the EU, it is suggested that certain flaws exist. The take-down procedure negatively effects the freedom of expression and the third party’s rights to due process. Further, the threshold requirements result in not all the users of the Internet being provided with the same remedies. It is recommended that certain action be taken to correct these flaws. The solution provided by the ECTA should be favoured over the uncertainty that existed before it promulgation. It may be necessary to correct particular flaws that exist. Certain recommendations are suggested in this regard and the concluding chapter.
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Bottini, Gabriel. "The admissibility of shareholder claims : standing, causes of action, and damages." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267916.
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This thesis addresses risks of multiple recovery, prejudice to legitimate interests of third parties, and inadequate consideration of the applicable law in shareholder claims in investment treaty arbitration. It challenges the application by investment tribunals of two basic premises: i) that shareholders are entitled to claim for damages vis-à-vis measures against the company in which they hold shares and ii) that ‘contract claims’ are to be distinguished from ‘treaty claims’. The central argument is that the failure to recognize substantive overlaps between shareholder treaty claims and contract claims risks more than one recovery, potentially prejudices third parties, and can lead to an incomplete application of the applicable law. The foundations of standing and the cause of action in shareholder treaty claims involve two complementary ideas of independence, i.e., independence of shareholder treaty rights vis-à-vis the local company’s contractual/national law rights and independence of treaty claims vis-à-vis contract claims. However, the substance of shareholder treaty claims, defined as the state measure and particularly the losses involved, is often identical to or at least overlaps considerably with related contract/national law claims. Prevailing ideas on shareholder standing and the cause of action in international investment law have provided useful conceptual tools for jurisdictional determinations. Yet they have not allowed tribunals and the literature to fully consider the implications of shareholder indirect claims. The thesis argues, first, that investment tribunals should acknowledge substantive overlaps between contract and treaty claims. Second, shareholder claims may be inadmissible when such overlap exists and there is a risk of double recovery or prejudice to third parties. Third, the substantive coincidence of treaty and contract claims calls for an integrated approach to the applicable law, where proper weight is given not only to IIA provisions but also to general international law and the national law governing the investment.
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Dedouli, Aikaterini D. "Third party rights in English law : contracts for the carriage of goods by sea." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417870.
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Wong, Chung Yin Victor. "Duties and liabilities of the key parties under the Hong Kong general construction contract a study analyzing unforeseen underground obstruction /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21847599a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006."Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution (MAArbDR), LW6409 dissertation" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Unberath, Hannes. "Recovery of third parties' losses in contractual actions : a comparative study of English and German Law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368129.
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Mrewa, Loyce. "The legality of using the United Nations Security Council to bind third parties to the Rome Statute." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25071.
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The consequential problems emanating from the linkages between law and politics in the international sphere will be examined in this dissertation. In particular, the SC referral mechanism to the ICC and its associated problems will be explored. The primary focus will be an investigation of the procedure used to refer a situation to the ICC, provided in Article 13 (b) of the Rome Statute.
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Elfring, Claus Michael. "Drittwirkungen der Lebensversicherung : eine systematische Darstellung der Zuwendungsproblematik beim Lebensversicherungsvertrag mit Bezugsberechtigung eines Dritten /." Karlsruhe : VVW, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010456607&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Lai, Choi Yin. "The right of third party non-signatory in arbitration under Hong Kong jurisdiction the way forward /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22052392a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 7, 2007) "A dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution" Includes bibliographical references.
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Rösch, Florian. "Vertragliche Ansprüche Dritter in England und Deutschland : ein rechtsvergleichender Überblick unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Contracts (Right of Third Parties) Act 1999 /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/515923877.pdf.
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Piekut, Emmanuel. "Les relations non-contractuelles de travail : essai sur le tiers au contrat." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020080.
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En raison de la fragmentation du processus productif et de la concentration des entreprises, des tiers sont susceptibles de s’immiscer dans l’exécution du contrat de travail. Le droit du travail en tient compte partiellement, en leur octroyant des prérogatives et en leur imposant des obligations semblables à celles de l’employeur. Au fil de l’analyse, émergent deux figures aux fonctions distinctes : le tiers utilisateur et le tiers organisateur. Ils ont la faculté d’établir une relation de travail avec un salarié sans qu’aucun contrat de travail ne les lie à celui-ci. Ils sont en outre amenés à préserver et protéger une relation de travail à laquelle ils ne sont pas parties grâce à des mécanismes de garantie ou de responsabilité. En découle une dispersion des droits et obligations de l’employeur ; l’idée d’un employeur unique est même remise en cause. N’est-ce pas le signe d’un dépassement du contrat de travail ? Sont-ce les prémices de relations non-contractuelles de travail ? Est-on à l’orée d’un changement de paradigme en droit du travail ? À ces multiples interrogations, la présente étude tente d’apporter des réponsesDue to the fragmentation of the production process and corporate concentration, third parties are likely to interfere with the performance of the employment contract. The labor law take them partially into account by granting them prerogatives and imposing them similar obligations to those of the employer. Throughout this analysis, two figures emerge with distinct functions: the “user” third party and the “organizer” third party. They are able to establish a working relationship with an employee without any labor contract that binds them to him. They can also preserve and protect a working relationship in which they are not parties through mechanisms of guarantee or liability. As a result, the rights and obligations of the employer are dispersed; the idea of a single employer is even questioned. Isn’t it the sign that the employment contract is overwhelmed? Is it the beginning of non-contractual labor relations? Are we on the edge of a change of paradigm in labor law? To these many questions, this study attempts to provide answers
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Fobe, Jean-Michel. "Legal aspects and insurance of the liability of civil aerospace products manufacturers in the EEC, for damage to third parties." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26198.
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Civil aerospace products manufacturers in the EEC may, as in the USA, be called into litigation as co-defendant following an aircraft accident by the victims or their dependents. As opposed to the airlines, their liability is not limited by international conventions.This thesis examines their liability and insurance in case of damage to third parties after the entry into force of EEC Directive 85/374 on liability for defective products.
First, a brief description will be given of the evolution of the aerospace industry in Europe and its governmental regulation through certification. In the second part we will examine the evolution of product liability in Europe. The main focus will be on the Directive. After a discussion of aspects of conflict of laws and enforcement of judgments, the particulars of aviation products liability in Europe will be looked at. Finally, we will consider aviation product liability insurance.
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O’Neill, de la Fuente Cecilia. "Not everything that shines is gold: appearance of law and protection of third parties in good faith." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123850.
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What happens to the third party that, in good faith, acquires rights from a subject whose title is not valid? With few exceptions, the Peruvian Civil Code leaves him unprotected. In this article, the author evaluates the specific solutions contained in the Peruvian Civil Code; analyzes the answers that foreign legislations present; and, finally, proposes a solution to protect the third parties in good faith who acquire rights from an apparent owner.¿Qué ocurre con el tercero que, de buena fe, adquiere derechos de un sujeto cuyo título es inválido? Salvo algunas excepciones, el Código Civil peruano lo deja desprotegido. En este artículo, la autora evalúa las soluciones específicas que contiene el Código Civil peruano; analiza las respuestas que presentan legislaciones extranjeras; y, finalmente, propone una solución para dar protección a los terceros de buena fe que adquieren derechos de un titular aparente.
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Angeli, Pezzato Gabriel. "The role of third-parties in the VAT collection and remittance, and in the compliance with the VAT law." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384616.
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The aim of the paper is (i) to analyze the role of third parties in the VAT collection and remittance, and in the compliance with the VAT legislation according to the OECD; and (ii) to identify and compare concrete measures implemented by different jurisdictions on this subject with a focus in invoicing service providers and online marketplaces. The study is divided into two main parts. In the first part, the author reviews the OECD’s literature on the role of third parties in the VAT collection and remittance, and in the compliance with the VAT legislation. In the second part, the author compares measures taken by some countries regarding the role of third parties in the VAT compliance chain with a focus on invoicing service providers and marketplaces. In the first part of the research, the author concludes that the role of third-parties in the VAT compliance is expanded in each of the OECD’s publications and suggests additional research on the role of payment processors in the VAT compliance chain. In the second part of the research, the author concludes that regulations and liabilities involving invoicing service providers differ considerably according to different jurisdictions and suggests the adoption of international standards to ensure VAT compliance in a worldwide scale. When it comes to marketplaces, the author concludes that there is a trend for the adoption of the deemed supply approach (as such or as a penalty), although there are discordant points about the grounds which marketplaces are held liable for the VAT due in underlying transactions.
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Kremer, René M. "Die zivilrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit des Wirtschaftsprüfers gegenüber Kapitalanlegern : eine Untersuchung zur Notwendigkeit und Ausgestaltung einer sekundärmarktbezogenen Dritthaftung wegen unzureichender Prüfungsleistungen /." Göttingen : V & R Unipress, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015628923&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Korth, Peter. "Dritthaftung von Ratingagenturen /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2010. http://d-nb.info/999101838/04.
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Aminlari, Hirbod. "Zivilrechtliche Haftung der Diensteanbieter für Inhalte Dritter nach deutschem und US-amerikanischem Recht /." Taunusstein : Driesen, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/390328081.pdf.
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Westlund, Martin. "The development of the right to privacy under the ECHR : A study on the effect of Article 8 on third parties." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-363668.
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Bueno, Díaz Odavia. "Franchising in European contract law : a comparison between the main obligations of the contracting parties in the Principles of European Law on Commercial Agency, Franchise and Distribution Contracts (PEL CAFDC), French and Spanish law /." München : Sellier European Law Publ, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989121801/04.
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Bueno, Díaz Odavia. "Franchising in European contract law a comparison between the main obligations of the contracting parties in the Principles of European Law on Commercial Agency, Franchise and Distribution Contracts (PEL CAFDC), French and Spanish law." München Sellier, Europ. Law Publ, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989121801/04.
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Barletta, Bruna. "Remédios de terceiros em face da sentença arbitral: aspectos relevantes sob a ótica do consentimento no instituto da arbitragem." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20242.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present study is an analysis over third parties’ measures against an award that directly affects them. Initially, the principles that sustain the arbitration institute shall be investigated. Following, the concepts of party and third party to the arbitration agreement shall be verified. Finally, the award and its effects are examined, in order to enable the final analysis of which remedies against the award are available under the Brazilian legal system to the parties and to third parties of the arbitration agreement
O presente estudo compreende uma análise acerca da interposição de recursos por terceiros prejudicados em face da sentença arbitral proferida. Inicialmente, analisam-se os princípios que estruturam o instituto da arbitragem, para, em seguida, verificar-se os conceitos de partes e terceiros sob a ótica arbitral. Posteriormente, examinam-se a sentença arbitral e seus efeitos, com o objetivo de adentrar a parte derradeira da presente análise, composta pelos remédios das partes contra a sentença arbitral e, finalmente, pelos recursos de terceiros prejudicados propriamente ditos, cabíveis em face da sentença arbitral
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Manie, Latiefa. "The South African law of trusts with a view to legislative reform." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5349.
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Doctor Legum - LLDMore than twenty years have passed since the Trust Property Control Act 57 of 1988 came into operation. Although the Act provided context, clarity and regulation in certain areas of trust law, it is apparent that there exists a pressing need to develop statutorily the law of trusts more extensively. To this end, the research has a dual objective: Firstly, to identify those areas of South African trust law that are not currently regulated statutorily but for which, by reason of extensive and, at times, controversial jurisprudential development, such regulation is now essential. Secondly, to analyse critically the Trust Property Control Act in its current form in order to determine the utility of its provisions, particularly in light of jurisprudential development since the Act’s commencement. The purpose of the study is to formulate comprehensive recommendations for legislative reform in the area of South African trust law.
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Alvarez, Isabelle. "Essai sur la notion d'exécution contractuelle." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10027/document.
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L'exécution constitue la cause impulsive de l'établissement du contrat qui paradoxalement est un mécanisme trop familier pour être bien connu. Qu'il s'agisse de la notion ou des divers aspects qu'elle endosse, l'exécution contractuelle suscite maintes interrogations, parfois insoupçonnées. Adopter une méthode d'analyse alternative permet d'esquisser une définition de cette notion juridique, tout en s'évertuant à maintenir l'équilibre entre les considérations théoriques et les mutations contemporaines de la réalité contractuelle. Cette étude propose ainsi une approche dynamique des échanges contractualisés, orientés vers la réalisation satisfactoire de l'opération économique, démontrant que cette phase exécutoire recèle un panel étendu de perspectivesThe execution is the impulsive cause of the establishment of the contract that is paradoxically a too familiar mechanism to be well known. Whether it concerns the concept or the various aspects it endorses, contractual execution raises many questions, sometimes unsuspected. Adopting an alternative method of analysis allows to sketch a definition of this legal concept, while striving to maintain a balance between theoretical considerations and contemporary changes in the contractual reality. This study proposes a dynamic approach of contractual exchanges, facing the satisfactory completion of the economic operation and, showing that the enforcement stage contains a wide range of perspectives
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Bien, Florian. "Fusionskontrolle und subjektiver Drittschutz." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=015439183&linen̲umber=0001&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.
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Chaves, Rodrigo de Moraes Pinheiro. "A importância do devido processo legal administrativo na atribuição de responsabilidade tributária aos sócios e administradores." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=596.
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O trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os critérios para atribuição de responsabilidade tributária aos sócios das sociedades. A análise se destina a apreensão dos critérios de racionalidade a ser observados pelo aplicador da norma quando da incidência da norma de responsabilidade e não
propriamente a identificar a extensão da correta interpretação das prescrições do código tributário que definem a responsabilidade dos sócios. Abordaremos a personalidade das
pessoas jurídicas e os requisitos legais para a sua desconsideração no direito tributário, a construção da norma jurídica que cria a relação jurídica tributária, bem como a
responsabilidade tributária de terceiros. Será também analisada a importância do processo e do procedimento administrativo na formação e no acertamento da relação tributária e o reflexo do desenvolvimento desse processo na legitimidade tanto da constituição do crédito tributário como da atribuição de responsabilidade. O enfoque do trabalho é estabelecer um cotejo entre a presunção de liquidez e certeza da certidão de dívida ativa e as garantias
fundamentais do devido processo legal, da ampla devesa e da legalidade para criticar a legitimidade do crédito constituído sem a observância dessas garantias e as conseqüências
dessa perda de legitimidade do crédito nos meios de defesa disponíveis ao devedorThe study aims to examine the criteria for allocation of tax liability for shareholders of companies. The analysis is intended to seize the criteria of rationality to be observed by the applicator of the standard when the incidence of the standard of liability and not properly identify the extent of correct interpretation of the requirements of the tax code that define the liability of shareholders. We will discuss the personality of the legal and statutory requirements for its disregard of the tax law, building the rule of law creates the legal relationship of tax and the tax liability of third parties. It will also be discussed the importance of the process and administrative procedure in the training and the tax relationship and rightly reflect the development of this process in the legitimacy of both the constitution of the tax credit as the attribution of responsibility. The main work is to establish a comparison between the presumption of liquidity and certainty of the certificate of debt outstanding and the basic guarantees of due process, the wide defense and legality to criticize the legitimacy of the claim made without the observance of these guarantees and the consequences this loss of legitimacy of the claim in any defense available to the debtor
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El, Rajab Dima. "L'opposabilité des droits contractuels : étude de droit comparé français et libanais." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020074/document.
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La notion d’opposabilité, dégagée par la doctrine française au début du siècle dernier, revêt aujourd’hui une importance cruciale relativement à la sécurité juridique. Ainsi, il est communément admis par la doctrine moderne qu’un tel concept explique les effets non obligatoires des contrats à l’égard du tiers, et notamment en matière de responsabilité. D’une part, le tiers est tenu d’un devoir d’abstention concernant tout acte qui pourrait porter atteinte aux contrats d’autrui. Le cas échéant, les contractants peuvent demander la réparation du dommage qu’ils subissent du fait de la convention conclue par le tiers au mépris de leurs droits. D’autre part, et parallèlement, le tiers victime est en droit d’engager la responsabilité délictuelle du cocontractant auteur de l’inexécution contractuelle lui ayant été préjudiciable. Pour autant, le nombre d’auteurs pour qui l’opposabilité ne peut pas réellement servir d’appui aux deux règles précitées ne cesse de s’accroître. La critique n’est pas cependant pleinement justifiée. En effet, l’étude approfondie de la signification exacte, du fondement et des caractéristiques déterminantes de l’opposabilité démontre que, moyennant une juste délimitation de son champ d’application, cette notion demeure utile, pour ne pas dire indispensable à la protection des contractants et des tiersThe notion of opposability, which appeared in French doctrine at the beginning of the last century, is of crucial importance today in relation to legal certainty. Thus, it is generally accepted in contemporary doctrine that such a concept explains the non-obligatory effects of contracts towards third parties and particularly in regard to responsibility. On the one hand, third parties must abstain from any act which may harm others' contracts. If this should occur, parties to the contract could claim compensation for any damage suffered as the result of a convention under taken by a third party without regard to their rights. On the other hand, and in parallel, a third-party victim is entitled to make a tort claim against a cocontracting party failed to fulfill a contractual obligation when this would be prejudicial tohim. Having said that, there is an ever-increasing number of authors for whom opposability cannot be used to support the two preceding rules. However, this criticism is notcompletely justified. Indeed, an in-depth study of the exact meaning, of the basis and of the determining characteristics of opposability show that, given a fair definition of the boundaries, this notion remains useful, if not indispensable to protect parties to a contract and third parties
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Escobar, Rozas Freddy. "The death of good faith in registration." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109942.
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The article 2014 of the Civil Code has been recently modified. In order to make this decision, the legislator took in consideration two reasons: theaffirmation that the record entry doesn’t countswith its own substantivity, and that the necessityof adopting measures to fight against fraudulentacts that might affect the owners.Following this modification, the author presents a comparative analysis of the before and after of the option the legislator took, and takes position after putting himself in the side of third parties. From a juridical and economical point of view, he studies the modification and concludes that, apart from not resolving the problems it had to solve, generates damages that affect the third parties and the market.El artículo 2014 del Código Civil ha sido recientemente modificado. Para tomar esta opción, el legislador se basó en dos razones: la afirmación deque el asiento registral no cuenta con sustantivi-dad propia, y la necesidad de adoptar una acciónpara combatir los actos fraudulentos que puedanafectar a los propietarios.A raíz de dicha modificación, el autor nos plantea un análisis comparativo del antes y después de di- cha opción del legislador, y toma una posición al respecto al colocarse en el lugar de los terceros. Desde un estudio tanto jurídico como económico de la modificación, concluye que ella, además de no resolver los problemas que se planteó solucio- nar, genera un perjuicio tanto a los terceros como al mercado.
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Bagdonaitė, de Jesus Kristina. "Terminuotos darbo sutarties sudarymo ir nutraukimo ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20050606_223505-83459.
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Conclusion and termination of fixed-term work agreements has influence on legal status of employees, work quality, efficiency of undertaking’s activity as well as provides parties with opportunities to individualize operating conditions and implement reasonable objectives, increases employment. In addition to common labour law norms, according to peculiarities of employment relations there are also rights and guaranties determined by special legal norms applied to fixed-term work agreements. With reference to summarized experience of national legal regulation in Lithuania and other foreign countries, European Union labour law acts, judicial practice and research work results of other authors this work deals with legal employment relationship existing between employer and employee in the process of conclusion and termination of a fixed-term work agreement and paying the main attention to their particularities in the whole of similar relations. It analyzes the machinery of given legal relations’ regulation. There is a conception of a fixed-term work agreement presented. It determines the parties of this legal relation and the content of a fixed-term agreement settled by them. Fixed-term employment meets labour market requirements in upsurge of flexible work organization forms. One of these forms is also a fixed-term work agreement.
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Souza, Mariana Campos de. "Uso da sociedade em conta de participação para organizar interesses privados em contratações públicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18793.
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The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the possibility of using the Silent Partnership in order to organize private interests in the scope of public contracting. However, it is possible to observe in the research that such use is indeed applied in practice, as well as the rules which such use is subject to. Based upon the identification of the rules, the need for the Public Administration authorization for the constitution of the Silent Partnership in the context of public contracts is discussed, the subjective and objective limits of its application, and other relevant aspects - notably tax, labor rights, which, together with the benefits linked to the silent partnership, should be considered by legal practitioners and companies in the prior assessment of the suitability of the use of silent partnership, and in the preparation of the incorporation contract of that partnership. The relevance of the present study can be specially justified by the fact that silent partnerships are sui generis partnerships, whereas being a clearly established institute in the Civil Code. This peculiarity comes from the fact that the silent partnership does not have all the characteristics that are common in other companies, such as legal personality and compulsory requirement of its constitutive acts in public records. In the regulations governing public bidding and contracting, the silent partnership may be classified, in contracts governed predominantly by Law No. 8.666, of 1993, as the figure of the ‘association’ of the contracted party with third parties (provided for in article 78, VI , Law No. 8,666 of 1993) and, in the area of concessions and permissions of public services, and public-private partnerships, in contracting with third parties (in accordance with Article 25, §1, of Law No. 8,987 of 1995). As a consequence, silent partnerships may be applied in the context of public contracts, subject to the applicable norms to association and contracting with third parties, respecting each context, in particular those regarding the subjective and objective limits of participation in public contracts, from third parties who are not related, to the relationship between the Public Administration and the contracted party (ostensive partner in the silent partnership).
O objetivo do trabalho é o de identificar e analisar a possibilidade do uso da sociedade em conta de participação para organizar interesses privados no âmbito das contratações públicas, apesar de ser possível observar na pesquisa trazida no trabalho que tal uso se aplica na prática, bem como as regras a que tal uso está submetido. A partir da identificação das regras, discute-se a necessidade de autorização da Administração Pública para a constituição da sociedade em conta de participação no contexto dos contratos públicos, os limites subjetivos e objetivos do seu emprego, e outros aspectos relevantes - notadamente, tributários, trabalhistas, referentes à atestação e à responsabilidade assumidas pelos sócios - que, juntamente com os benefícios atrelados à sociedade em conta de participação, merecem ser considerados pelos operadores do direito e pelas empresas na avaliação prévia da pertinência da utilização da sociedade em conta de participação e na formatação do contrato de constituição dessa sociedade. A relevância do tema tratado justifica-se, especialmente, por se tratar a sociedade em conta de participação de uma sociedade sui generis, conquanto seja um instituto expressamente previsto no Código Civil. Essa natureza decorre do fato de a sociedade em conta de participação não possuir todas as características que são comuns nas demais sociedades, tais como personalidade jurídica e obrigatoriedade do arquivamento dos seus atos constitutivos nos registros públicos. Nas normas que regem as licitações e contratações públicas, a sociedade em conta de participação pode ser enquadrada, nos contratos regidos predominantemente pela Lei nº 8.666, de 1993, na figura da ‘associação’ do contratado com terceiros (prevista no art. 78, VI, da Lei nº 8.666, de 1993) e, no universo das concessões e permissões de serviços públicos, e parcerias público-privadas, na contratação com terceiros (disposta no art. 25, §1º, da Lei nº 8.987, de 1995). Consequentemente, as sociedades em conta de participação podem ser empregadas no âmbito das contratações públicas, atendidas as regras aplicáveis à associação e à contratação com terceiros, cada uma no seu contexto, principalmente, aquelas referentes aos limites subjetivos e objetivos da participação, nos contratos públicos, de terceiros estranhos à relação entre Administração Pública e contratado (sócio ostensivo na sociedade em conta de participação).
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Schröder, Hanna. "Entre exorbitance et droit commun : le contrat de l'administration en droit européen : étude comparée des droits français et allemand dans leurs interactions avec le droit de l’Union européenne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA012.
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En analysant le droit des contrats des administrations françaises, allemandes et européennes ainsi que les évolutions engendrées dans les droits français et allemand par le droit de l’UE, la présente étude met à jour une circulation de modèles entre le droit européen et les droits nationaux. Ces interactions permettent d’étudier comment les paramètres de départ des droits nationaux influencent leur manière d’intégrer les exigences européennes, ce qui permet en retour de tirer des conclusions quant au droit de l’Union lui-même. Dans ce contexte, l’étude des droits français et allemand, antagonistes en matière de contrats de l’administration, leur mise en perspective avec le contrat en droit interne de l’Union et l’analyse des évolutions engendrées par le droit européen, met en lumière que la question de l’articulation entre exorbitance et droit commun est au centre des rapports entre le droit européen et le contrat en tant que moyen d’action des administrations nationales et européennesThe present study analyzes the law applicable to contracts of French, German and European administrations, as well as evolutions triggered in French and German law by EU law, and brings into focus a circulation of models between EU and national law. These interactions show how the original parameters of national legal orders influence the latters’ way of integrating European requirements, which in return allows drawing conclusions concerning European law itself. In this context, studying French and German law (antagonist models concerning contracts of public administrations), putting them in perspective with contracts in internal EU law and analyzing the evolutions triggered by the impact of EU law, highlights that the issue of the articulation of specific powers and duties of the contracting administration with the contractual obligations of the parties is central in the relationship between European law and contracts as a tool for the action of national and European administrations
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Dalmazir, Pauline. "Les lois de police protectrices dans les contrats internationaux." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30087.
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L’émergence depuis quelques années de nouvelles lois de police pour protéger certaines parties faibles au sein des contrats internationaux a été identifiée sous l’appellation de lois de police protectrices. En tant que renouvellement du mécanisme traditionnel des lois de police, cette émergence interroge, notamment quant à son bien-fondé. Cela suppose d’envisager les lois de police protectrices à la fois en tant que nouveau concept, et en tant qu’objet s’intégrant dans un environnement plus général. Ces nouvelles lois de police se sont imposées pour répondre à un besoin de protection sur la scène internationale. Cependant, la philosophie des lois de police apparaît difficilement conciliable avec l’objectif de protection d’une partie faible. Dès lors, il conviendrait de modifier certaines caractéristiques du mécanisme afin qu’il soit en mesure d’atteindre cet objectif de protection. Mais alors, se crée une déformation du concept initial de l’outil des lois de police. En outre, envisagées au sein de leur environnement, à savoir le droit européen des contrats, les lois de police protectrices sont susceptibles d’être limitées par des concepts propres au droit de l’Union. Elles peuvent aussi être dépassées par des outils d’inspiration européenne qui mettent en œuvre un autre lien entre l’impérativité d’une norme et l’exigence de protection de la partie faibleThese past few years, the advent of new mandatory provisions to protect certain weaker parties within the realm of international contracts have been identified as protective mandatory provisions. As a renewal of the traditional mandatory provisions mechanism, it raises several questions with regards to its merits. This requires to consider protective mandatory provisions as a concept in itself, as well as an object integrated in a more global legal environment. These new mandatory provisions have appeared as an answer to a need for protection on the international level. However, the philosophy of mandatory provisions can be considered to be incompatible with the objective of the protecting the weaker party. Therefore, it is necessary to change certain characteristics of the mechanism in order for it to effectively attain its protection objective. It would then, however, amount to a deformation of the initial concept of mandatory provisions. Finally, considered within their environment, i.e. European contract law, protective mandatory provisions can be limited by EU-specific law concepts. They can also be surpassed by other tools, of European inspiration, putting into effect another link between the imperative character of the norm and the protection requirement of the weaker party
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Serageldin, Sami. "Les clauses ayant effet à l'échelle des groupes de contrats." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30052/document.
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L’objet de cette thèse est de dresser une méthode qui permet d’expliquer, au regard du droit commun, le phénomène de l’extension et la transmission de certaines clauses dans les chaînes de contrats et les ensembles contractuels. Cette méthode devrait aussi justifier certaines dérogations au droit commun.La thèse commence par aborder certaines questions préalables relatives aux groupes de contrats, qui ont une portée directe sur l’objet de cette étude. Les membres de l’ensemble contractuel et de la chaîne de contrats sont des tiers dans leurs rapports respectifs. L’action directe, qui constitue l’élément dynamique de la chaîne de contrats, peut s’analyser en un mécanisme de compensation multilatérale. L’ensemble contractuel multipartite ne peut produire ses effets à l’égard de ses membres que si ces derniers connaissaient l’existence des liens qui unissent leur contrat aux autres contrats de l’ensemble. Enfin, dans les ensembles contractuels bipartites, une distinction s’impose entre le véritable ensemble contractuel et entre le contrat complexe, qui n’est qu’un contrat unique divisé en plusieurs intrumentum. Une méthode chronologique est proposée, prenant en compte le nombre d’échanges de consentements ayant eu lieu entre les deux parties.Après avoir répondu à ces questions préalables, la thèse examine certaines hypothèses dans la jurisprudence dans lesquelles l’effet d’une clause a été étendu ou transmis, dans une chaîne de contrats ou un ensemble contractuel. Les clauses de compétence font l’objet du contentieux le plus abondant mais beaucoup d’autres clauses, telles que la clause limitative de responsabilité, la clause de non-concurrence, la clause de non-garantie et la clause de renonciation à recours font également l’objet d’une extension ou d’une transmission dans les groupes de contrats. L’examen de cette jurisprudence a pu écarter certaines décisions qui ont paru mal fondés et de poser des principes généraux qui peuvent gérer la problématique de l’extension et de la transmission dans les groupes de contrats.Ces règles à caractères générales dégagés après l’examen de la jurisprudence, associées aux réponses qui ont été apportées en premier lieu aux questions préalables, ont abouti à la création de la méthode recherchée. La première étape dans cette méthode est de reconnaître le type de groupe de contrats auquel on fait face : s’agit-il d’un ensemble contractuel bipartite, d’un ensemble contractuel multipartite ou d’une chaîne de contrats ?Si c’est un ensemble contractuel bipartite, la première question qu’on devrait se poser serait de savoir s’il s’agit d’un seul contrat divisé en plusieurs instrumentum, ou d’un véritable ensemble contractuel. Si le groupe prend la forme d’une chaîne de contrats ou d’un ensemble multipartite, la problématique de l’effet relatif des contrats paraît alors sur le devant de la scène. Il a été démontré que l’article 1165 ne fait obstacle qu’à l’extension des clauses à contenu obligationnel. Cinq éléments caractéristiques ont été retenus pour caractériser la clause génératrice d’obligation. Si la clause a un contenu obligationnel, elle ne peut en principe être étendue aux autres membres de la chaîne ou de l’ensemble contractuel. Sinon, la clause est potentiellement opposable.Les dérogations à l’effet relatif des contrats ne sont qu’au nombre de deux. Dans les chaînes de contrats, cette dérogation se manifeste par la transmission des droits à l’ayant cause à titre particulier. Dans les ensembles contractuels une autre dérogation au principe de l’effet relatif des contrats apparaît lorsque le respect de la force obligatoire de la clause exige inévitablement de l’étendre à un autre membre de l’ensemble.Dans les chaînes de contrats, les clauses, sans effet obligationnel, qui affectent l’existence ou le montant de la créance sont de plein droit opposables aux autres membres de la chaîneThe objet of this thesis is to create a method that could explain a phenomenon that has been observed by scholars and practitioners of law for decades; which is the extension end the transmission of certain clauses in chain agreements and contractual sets. Through this method one should be able, on one hand, to justify this phenomenon in regard to general principals of law and, on the other hand, to find an explanation for some necessary derogations to the Law.The first step in this thesis was to find answers for some basic questions about groups of contracts that have a direct impact on our subject. We have demonstrated that the fundament of contractual sets relies in the concept of “economy of contract”. Members of chain agreements and contractual sets should be considered as third parties in their mutual relationships. Direct action, which constitutes the dynamic face of chain agreements, could be analyzed as a multilateral set-off. In multiparty contractual sets, the set could not produce its effects in regard to its members unless it could be proven that the concerned member has knowledge of the existence of the other contracts forming the set and of the links between these contracts and his own one. Finally, in two parties’ contractual sets, it’s mandatory to distinguish between a real contractual set, and complex contract which is merely a contract written in several documents. We have proposed a chronological method to establish this distinction, taking into account the number of times the parties have exchanged their consent. After this preliminary part, we have studied precedents regarding the extension and the transmission of some clauses in chain agreements and contractual sets. Jurisdiction clauses and arbitration clauses are by far the most represented, but other clauses such as clauses of disclaimer of warranty, clauses of limited liability, clauses of waiver of action and clauses of non-competition are also sometimes extended or transmitted to other contracts and/or to other members in the group. Through an analysis of these decisions, we have shown that some of them didn’t have enough legal ground. Using those decisions that seemed to us well-founded, we have deduced a number of rules that could be applied for other cases of extension and transmission of clauses in groups of contracts.The rules that we have deduces from the study of the case law, together with the answers that we have provided for some preliminary questions in the first part of the thesis, have lead us to find the method we are looking for in this study.The first step in this method is to recognize the type of group of contracts involved: is it a chain agreement, a multiparty contractual set or a two parties’ set ?If it’s a contractual set between two parties, the first question should be to decide whether it’s really a contractual set, or if it’s a complex contract. If the group of contracts involved is a chain agreement or a multiparty contractual set, then one should wonder whether the doctrine of privity of contract could form an obstacle against the extension or the transmission of the clause. We have demonstrated in this thesis that article 1165 of the Civil Code is only applicable to clauses that contain an obligation. In order to qualify recognize clauses having an “obligational” content, we have proposed five fundamental elements. If the clause contains an obligation it could not be extended to the other members of the chain agreement or the contractual set. Otherwise, the clause is potentially opposable.There are only two exceptions to the doctrine of privity of contract. The first one, in chain agreements is the transmission of rights to singular successors. This exception could be justified by article 1122 of the Civil Code and by the concept of accessoire. The second exception could be seen in contractual sets where the binding authority of the clause could not be respected unless it is extended to certain third parties
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Nogueira, Leila de Mello Yañez. "Estabilidade versus flexibilidade: a dicotomia necessária à inovação na gestão de recursos humanos em uma organização pública, estatal eestratégica como Bio-Manguinhos / Fiocruz." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2500.
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Previous issue date: 2009Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.
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"Der Vertrag zugunsten Dritter im englischen common law : das mit der privity of contract einhergehende Verbot des Vertrages zugunsten Dritter unter Berücksichtigung des contracts (rights of third parties) act 1999 und seine Auswirkungen auf die bestehende Rechtslage /." Frankfurt, M ; Berlin ; Bern ; Bruxelles ; New York, NY ; Oxford ; Wien : Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994294700/04.
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Boonzaier, Maryke Aletta. "Pre-incorporation contracts and the liability of the promoters." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25308.
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Company law legislation has recently undergone changes with the enactment of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. The purpose of this new piece of legislation is, inter alia, to encourage entrepreneurship and enterprise efficiency, to create flexibility and simplicity in the formation and maintenance of companies, and to provide for the creation, role and use of companies in a manner that enhances the economic welfare of South Africa. This Act was signed into law on 8 April 2009 and is said to come into operation during April 2011. The Act furthermore introduces an extensive and renewed approach to the regulation of pre-incorporation contracts in an attempt to address the shortcomings of previous and current legislation on this topic. This study explores the impact and effect that the new Act will have on the conclusion of pre-incorporation contracts, and also identifies the possible shortcomings of the Act. In order to determine what impact the new Act will have on pre-incorporation contracts, these contracts must first be placed in their historical context. This entails tracing the historical development of the common law rules relating to agency and ratification, and their impact on pre-incorporation contracts. Secondly this study attempts to determine whether the old and the current legislation regulating pre-incorporation contracts have been effective, and if so, to what extent. To establish this, the statutory arrangements that currently regulate pre-incorporation contracts require a grounded, solid and formulated basis, which is determined by an evaluation of the history of the different statutory sections on pre-incorporation contracts in these enactments. A significant part of this study will be devoted to the success, shortcomings and complications presented by the specific statutory arrangements. Fair consideration will be given to case law on these aspects. The South African courts have offered insight into the difficulties relating to the various statutory arrangements and explored alternative methods to supplement these statutory provisions. The advantages, disadvantages and legal consequences of these alternative methods are also discussed and analysed in this study. Concepts that are dealt with in this regard includes shelf companies, an agreement for the benefit of a third party (the stipulatio alteri), and where promoters act as principals. This study also reveals that these alternative methods present their own complications. The central theme of this study remains whether the new Companies Act provides adequate solutions to the problems that frequently arise from the conclusion of pre-incorporation contracts, and whether the shortcomings that exist in current and previous legislation have successfully been addressed by the new Act. To this end, the research reveals that section 21 of the new Act will succeed in equitably balancing the interests of third parties, companies and promoters, by providing clearly stipulated protection measures for all parties involved in the conclusion of pre-incorporation contracts. It has offered valuable improvements to previous statutes. The proposed reforms as introduced by section 21 are therefore welcomed. The mere fact that the South African legislature has now made a conscious attempt to create reform on this subject shows that it acknowledges that pre-incorporation contracts will continue to play an important role in commercial dealings. However, questions still arise on the future role of the statutory arrangements in light of the various alternative methods available to promoters. Academic opinions have also been divided with regards to the future role of pre-incorporation contracts within changing commercial environments. It is clear from the research presented in this study that pre-incorporation contracts have the potential to present a range of complex and challenging questions in practice. Therefore, this study seeks to provide sufficient guidelines to third parties and promoters who seek to acquire rights, duties, assets and benefits for a company prior to its incorporation, while protecting themselves against personal liability and associated litigation.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Private Law
unrestricted
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Mota, Filipa Mota e. Costa Moreira da. "The guarantee of the data subject rights within data sharing with third parties : comparative analyses under the scope of the GDPR and the LED." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/33704.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation sets its objective into the analyze of the data sharing with third parties and the guarantee of the data subject rights in the perspective of the Data Protection Regulation and the Directive 2016/680. In this analyzes the responsible for the data sharing will be a private company and the third parties, the competent authorities, in particular the judicial authorities. We will start by analyzing, in a comparative perspective, the rights in the regime of the Data Protection Regulation and the Directive 2016/608, in this context we will analyze the data sharing between private companies and the judicial authorities defining which law will regulate, and at what stage, this sharing. Finally, we will analyze the point of confrontation of the two regimes in the scope of the rights, emphasizing the right of access and the fundamental role that it occupies in this problem.A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a análise da partilha de dados com terceiros e a garantia dos direitos na perspectiva do Regulamento de Proteção de Dados e na Diretiva 2016/608. Nesta análise o responsável pela partilha de dados configura a figura da empresa privada e os terceiros, as autoridades competentes, em específico, as autoridades judiciais. Iremos começar por analisar, numa perspectiva comparada, os direitos no regime do Regulamento de Proteção de Dados e da Diretiva 2016/680, nesse âmbito vamos partir para a análise da partilha de dados entre as empresas privadas e as autoridades judicias definindo qual a lei que regula, e em que fase, esta partilha. Por último, iremos analisar o ponto de confronto dos dois regimes no âmbito dos direitos desta partilha, dando ênfase ao direito de acesso e ao papel fundamental que ocupa nesta problemática.
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Burlone, Hadrien. "Vingt ans après l'arrêt Harper: l'évolution constitutionnelle du plafonnement des dépenses électorales des tierces parties." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25641.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire cherche à déterminer si la logique de la majorité de la Cour suprême dans l’arrêt Harper c. Canada (Procureur général) demeure valide aujourd’hui, près de deux décennies après que cet arrêt, qui avalise le régime de plafonnement des dépenses électorales des tierces parties, ait été rendu. À cette fin, le régime de plafonnement prévu par la Loi électorale du Canada est examiné en détail, de même que les motifs de la majorité. Ces préliminaires achevés, le cœur de l’analyse est entamé. Trois phénomènes sont étudiés pour déterminer si le raisonnement de la majorité dans Harper doit être remis ou non en question : l’avènement d’une dynamique de « campagne permanente », la monté des technologies de l’information et le déclin des partis politiques. Il est conclu que la logique déployée dans l’arrêt Harper demeure valide, mais qu’elle appelle certains changements à la Loi électorale actuelle. À cet effet, les plafonds préélectoraux des tiers devraient être éliminés et l’usage de sites internet personnels ou de compte de médias sociaux devrait être assujetti à un régime de plafonnement.This work seeks to determine whether the reasoning of the Supreme Court majority in Harper v. Canada (Attorney General), which validates third parties’ spending limits during the election period,still avails almost two decades after being rendered. The limits on third parties' spending as established by the Canada Election Act are examined in detail. The majority’s reasons are also discussed at length. Then, the core analysis begins. Three new social phenomena are examined to determine whether the Court’s reasoning in Harper should be called into question. These phenomena are: the advent of a “permanent campaign” in Canada, the rise of new information technologies and the decline of political parties. It is concluded that Harper’s logic remains highly compelling, though it may entail some modifications to the current electoral law, such as the abolition of pre-electoral spending limits and the application of some form of limitation to electoral spending regarding personal web sites and social media account.
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Kabani, Dorra. "Champ d'application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4976.
Full textAbstract:
Le champ d’application de la Convention de Vienne de 1980 sur la vente internationale de marchandises constitue une question très délicate. En effet, le caractère abstrait et supplétif de ladite Convention a donné naissance à une jurisprudence fort divergente et à une doctrine rarement en accord.
Les difficultés d’application de la Convention démontrent clairement les limites de cette dernière à s’adapter aux nouveaux contrats de vente internationale. Ces difficultés sont-elles dues à une mauvaise interprétation des termes de la convention ? Serait-il juste de compléter les lacunes de la Convention de Vienne par d’autres Conventions telles que les règles d’UNIDROIT ou les principes de droit européen des contrats ? Faut-il aller «au-delà» de la Convention de Vienne ? Toutes ces questions doivent être gardées en tête pour bien analyser le champ d’application de ladite Convention.The scope of application of the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is a very delicate issue. Indeed, its abstract and supplementary nature has given rise to markedly divergent judgements and rarely agreeing doctrine. The difficulties arising from the application of the CISG clearly exemplfy its limited ability to adap to novel international sale of goods contracts. Are these difficulties attributable to faulty interpretations of the provisions of the CISG? Would it be opportune to compensate for the CISG's shortcomings by resorting to other instruments, such as the UNIDROIT rules or the principles of European contract law? Is it necessary to look beyond the Vienna Convention? All these questions must be considered in order to properly analyse the scope of application of the CISG.
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Moodie, B. (Benjamin). "Kwantifisering van derdeparty versekeringseise: die rol van die bedryfsielkundige." Diss., 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27312.
Full textAbstract:
Summary in Afrikaans and EnglishAgainst the background of the volume of Third Party Claims instituted annually and considering the cost involved therein, it has become increasingly important that Industrial Psychologists be consulted to assist in the quantifying of such claims. From an Industrial Psychologist's view, these claims can be quantified by making use of certain Industrial Psychology techniques. These techniques include psychometrical evaluation, applying the knowledge on:- training, job analysis, interviewing and guidance, career planning and ergonomics. The purpose of this study was to liaise with the Legal Profession to identify the requirements and problem areas experienced in the establishing and quantifying of Third Party Insurance Claims. The needs thus identified served as the basis for this study. In the process of defining and categorising these problems, it became apparent that these requirements could be addressed satisfactorily by Industrial Psychologists. It was therefore possible also to determine whether Industrial Psychology as a Science, could contribute to solving these problems. To determine therefore whether Industrial Psychology could actually address and solve these problems and whether the Courts would recognise the contribution of Industrial Psychologists, an actual case study was made of a matter where two Industrial Psychologists had made evaluations. Researching the methods of evaluations employed, and viewing the finding of the Court thereafter, it became apparent that Industrial Psychology can satisfy the need encountered by the legal profession therein. It is further concluded that the curriculum of Industrial Psychology may be successfully applied as an accepted Science in the quantifying of Third Party Insurance Claims.
Teen die agtergrond van die hoeveelheid derdepartyeise wat jaarliks ingedien word, met inagneming van die koste verbonde, word dit toenemend belangrik dat bedryfsielkunde behulpsaam moet wees met die kwantifisering van sulke eise. Vanuit 'n bedryfsielkundige oogpunt kan hierdie eise gekwantifiseer word deur gebruik te maak van sekere bedryfsielkundige tegnieke. Hierdie tegnieke sluit in, psigometriese evaluering, kennis oor opleiding, posontleding, onderhoudvoering en voorligting, loopbaanbeplanning en ergonomika.
Industrial and Organisational Psychology
M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)
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Yarali, Serkan. "Why do peace negotiations fail? : a case study of the 2012-2015 peace talks between Turkey and the PKK." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19135.
Full textAbstract:
Pourquoi les négociations de paix échouent-elles? Pour répondre à cette question, ce mémoire synthétise la littérature sur les théories de la négociation et l’intervention de tierces parties dans les conflits intra-étatiques. À l’aide de la méthode de l’étude de cas, j’applique ce cadre théorique au troisième cycle de négociations de paix entre la Turquie et le Parti des travailleurs du Kurdistan, qui s’est tenu de la fin décembre 2012 à Juillet 2015. Le modèle de négociation de guerre met l’accent sur les problèmes d’information asymétrique et engagement crédible qui mènent à l’échec de négociations. Les problèmes d’information asymétrique et engagement crédible sont habituellement plus aigus dans les conflits intra-étatiques. Car il est plus difficile d’obtenir les informations sur les capacités militaires des groupes armés non-étatiques (GANE) et il y a généralement de grandes asymétries de pouvoir entre les États et les GANE. Cette étude de cas apporte ainsi quatre contributions à la compréhension du sujet. Premièrement, lors d’un processus de paix, les deux parties impliquées peuvent consciemment faire des choix qui ne leur permettront pas d’atteindre leurs objectifs. Deuxièmement, ces choix résultent des mesures mal-conçues dans les pratiques de négociation et/ou l’absence de tierce partie qui rétablirait l’équilibre relatif de pouvoir et qui le maintiendrait pendant les négociations de paix. En fin de compte, cela accentue les problèmes d’engagement crédible. Troisièmement, les changements exogènes perturbateurs en matière des capacités relatives, en particulier en faveur des GANE, peuvent produire les problèmes d’information asymétrique. Quatrièmement, certains conflits ne se prêtent pas à l’intervention de tierce partie. Il peut être très difficile ou lourd de conséquence pour les tierces parties de rétablir l’équilibre relatif des pouvoirs.Why do peace negotiations fail? Answering this question, this dissertation synthesizes the literature on bargaining theory and third party involvement in intrastate conflicts. Using qualitative case study methods, I employ this theoretical framework to the third round of the peace talks between Turkey and Kurdistan Workers’ Party, which was held between December 2012 and July 2015. Bargaining model of war highlights the problems of information asymmetries and credible commitment that lead to bargaining failures. Information asymmetries and commitment problems are usually more severe in intrastate conflicts because it tends to be more difficult to obtain information about the military capabilities of non-state armed groups (NSAGs) and there tends to be larger power asymmetries between states and NSAGs. The case highlights four sets of implications. First, both sides in a peace process can willingly make choices that fail to achieve the ends to which they aspired. Second, these choices result from ill-designed measures in bargaining practices and/or the lack of a third party that would redress the relative balance of power and maintain it during the peace talks. This ultimately intensifies the problems of credible commitment. Third, disruptive exogenous shifts in relative capabilities, especially in favor of the NSAG, may produce asymmetric information problems. Fourth, some conflicts do not lend themselves to third-party involvement, as it may be too difficult or costly for third parties to redress the relative balance of power.