Relevant bibliographies by topics / Third person in present tense

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Third person in present tense'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Third person in present tense"

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Calle-Martín, Javier, and Jesús Romero-Barranco. "Third person present tense markers in some varieties of English." English World-Wide 38, no. 1 (June 17, 2017): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.38.1.05cal.

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Abstract In British Standard English, number in the verb phrase is exclusively characterized by the use of the -s inflection with the third person singular present tense. World Englishes present a high level of variation as the uninflected third person singular and the inflected third person plural may also occur in these contexts. This paper pursues four objectives: a) to analyse the use of present third person inflections and compare their distribution in different varieties of English; b) to assess the occurrence of forms across speech and writing, text categories and the informants’ age and gender; c) to classify the instances by type of subject (nominal vs. pronominal); and d) to evaluate the impact of proximity agreement, notional agreement and the existence of intervening elements in the choice of the inflection. Our evidence comes from the New Zealand, Indian, Singaporean and Hong Kong components of the International Corpus of English.
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WRIGHT, L. "THIRD-PERSON SINGULAR PRESENT-TENSE -S, -TH, AND ZERO, 1575-1648." American Speech 76, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 236–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00031283-76-3-236.

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WRIGHT, L. "THIRD PERSON PLURAL PRESENT TENSE MARKERS IN LONDON PRISONERS' DEPOSITIONS, 1562-1623." American Speech 77, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 242–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00031283-77-3-242.

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PINE, JULIAN M., GINA CONTI-RAMSDEN, KATE L. JOSEPH, ELENA V. M. LIEVEN, and LUDOVICA SERRATRICE. "Tense over time: testing the Agreement/Tense Omission Model as an account of the pattern of tense-marking provision in early child English." Journal of Child Language 35, no. 1 (January 3, 2008): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000907008252.

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ABSTRACTThe Agreement/Tense Omission Model (ATOM) predicts that English-speaking children will show similar patterns of provision across different tense-marking morphemes (Rice, Wexler & Hershberger, 1998). The aim of the present study was to test this prediction by examining provision rates for third person singular present tense and first and third person singular forms of copula BE and auxiliary BE in longitudinal data from eleven English-speaking children between the ages of 1 ; 10 and 3 ; 0. The results show, first, that there were systematic differences in the provision rates of the different morphemes; second, that there were systematic differences in the rate at which all of the three morphemes were provided with pronominal and lexical subjects; and, third, that there were systematic differences in the rate at which copula BE and auxiliary BE were provided with the third person singular pronominal subjects It and He and the first person singular subject pronoun I. These results replicate those of Wilson (2003), while controlling for some possible objections to Wilson's analysis. They thus provide further evidence against the generativist view that children's rates of provision of different tense-marking morphemes are determined by a single underlying factor, and are consistent with the constructivist view that children's rates of provision reflect the gradual accumulation of knowledge about tense marking, with much of children's early knowledge being embedded in lexically specific constructions.
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Herlina, Herlina, and Maria Ramasari. "Students Ability in Producing the Sentences of Simple Present Tense at STMIK Musi Rawas." Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 1, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v1i2.181.

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This research aimed to find out the students ability in producing the sentences of simple present tense at STMIK Musi Rawas. The research was a qualitative study. As stated in findings, it interpreted that there were 34 students (62.91 percent) in the low category. Thus, there were 15 students (27.50 percent) in the good category. Finally, there were 5 students (9.59 percent) in the excellent category. Hence, it can be concluded that students ability in producing the sentences of simple present tense was still low. It showed that many students still got difficulties in producing the sentences of simple present tense especially for verb in third person singular as the subject pronoun. Keywords: students ability, simple present tense, sentences
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de Bree, Elise, and Madelon van den Boer. "Wrong place, wrong time: Children’s sensitivity to present tense spelling conventions." Applied Psycholinguistics 42, no. 5 (July 14, 2021): 1221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716421000254.

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AbstractSpelling has been found to be influenced by the frequency with which certain orthographic patterns occur. We examined whether Grades 2–5 children were already sensitive to orthographic frequency in spelling present tense verb inflections that sound the same but are spelled differently. Children were asked to spell present tenses in two homophonous forms; both inflections are pronounced with final /t/ but are spelled with final -d (“ik vind,” I find) or -dt (“hij/zij vindt,” he/she finds). Previous research has shown that adolescents and adults make inflection errors based on the relative frequency within a pair; as “vind’ is more frequent than “vindt,” “vind” is often used incorrectly. The children showed low correct scores for third person singular spellings, and overall better performance for -d dominant verbs. Surprisingly, they did make errors related to homophone inflection but in the wrong place, marking the wrong time: homophone-based errors occurred in present tense non-homophone verbs and in past tenses. We take our findings to mean that the children were not sensitive to homophone dominance. Furthermore, the findings illustrate the importance of specific graphotactic patterns in literacy development and call for attention to these patterns in models and teaching of spelling.
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Leonard, Laurence B., M. Cristina Caselli, and Antonella Devescovi. "Italian children's use of verb and noun morphology during the preschool years." First Language 22, no. 3 (October 2002): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014272370202206604.

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Five groups of Italian-speaking children ages 2 to 7 years participated in tasks designed to assess their use of a range of grammatical morphemes. Present tense verb inflections and noun plural inflections reached ceiling levels by 4 years of age, whereas present tense copula forms and definite singular articles showed high accuracy levels by 5 years of age. Errors on present tense inflections were rarely infinitives. Instead, most errors could be characterized as ‘near misses’ – productions of forms that differed from the target by a single feature of person or number. Many of these one-feature errors were directional; first person forms were more likely to be replaced by third person forms than the reverse, and plural forms were more likely to be substituted by singular forms than the opposite pattern. Errors of this type are not handled by models of grammatical development that deal with broader constructs such as the availability or optionality of tense or finiteness.
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Dviniatin, Fedor N. "The Quantitative Grammar and Poetics of Finite Verb Forms in the Guslʹ Dobroglasnaia by Simeon Polotsky." Slovene 4, no. 1 (2015): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.8.

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The paper offers data on the quantity and structure of finite verbal forms in Simeon Polotsky’s collection Guslʹ Dobroglasnaia. The results are compared to data from twenty epinician odes by Mikhail Lomonosov and ten odes by Gavriil Derzhavin. We find 851 personal forms in Simeon’s collection, of which 214 belong to past tenses (73 to imperfect, 92 to aorist, 49 to past tense with l morpheme); 363 belong to present tense; 99 to future tense; 51 to imperative mood; 6 to conjunctive mood; and 118 to the forms with the da particle. The total percentage of past tenses in Simeon’s texts (25.1%) is close to the parameters appearing in Lomonosov’s and Derzhavin’s texts (21.4% and 23.5%, respectively), and the same is true for the percentages of non-indicative moods (20.5% vs. 19.1% and 20.5%). Simeon Polotsky’s texts contain fewer present tense forms than those written by the 18th-century poets (42.8% vs. 50.6% and 49.5%), but they contain more future tense forms (11.6% vs. 8.9% and 6.5%). Past tense forms in Simeon’s texts with l suffix include 29 forms of the third person with the auxiliary iestʹ verb, usually given in a rhyme position. In the aorist, the proportion of imperfective and perfective forms to the forms of the byti verb is 9:72:11; in imperfect, this proportion is 52:6:15; and in past tenses with l suffix, it is 8:38:3. We find 99 forms of the future tense, broken down as follows: 69 are forms of simple future; 12 are accompanied by imatʹ and similar forms; and 18 are accompanied by budet and similar forms (there is no semantic difference between these two last cases). Of the forms containing the da particle, 65 belong to present tense, 37 belong to future tense, and 16 are accompanied by byti forms.
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Joby, Chris. "Third-person singular zero in Norfolk English: An addendum." Folia Linguistica 37, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2016-0002.

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Abstract An article published in 2014 argued that the third-person singular present tense indicative zero was already present in Norfolk English before the arrival of Dutch- and French-speaking immigrants in Norwich in the middle of the sixteenth century. This position differs from that of Trudgill, who has argued that zero-marking in Norfolk English arose as a result of language contact between the immigrants (or ‘Strangers’) and local English people. One response to the earlier article is that it relies on examples involving the verb have, and that this verb is something of an exception as it is found with zero-marking in other varieties of English. The present article addresses that concern by providing further evidence that zero-marking was already used in Norfolk English for verbs other than have before the arrival of the Strangers in Norwich. It then evaluates whether, although zero-marking was present prior to 1565, Trudgill’s language contact thesis may nevertheless help to explain how zero-marking became a common feature of Norfolk English and indeed of varieties of English elsewhere in East Anglia. In short, this article aims to shed further light on the interesting question of how and when zero-marking developed in Norfolk English.
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Moore, Colette. "Writing good Southerne: Local and supralocal norms in the Plumpton letter collection." Language Variation and Change 14, no. 1 (March 2002): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394502141019.

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The relatively recent application of sociolinguistic methodology to the study of language history offers techniques for approaching regional and social variation and change in earlier stages of English. This article focuses on changes in written norms in the history of English, examining several morphosyntactic variables that were in flux in England in the 15th and 16th centuries: the third person present singular verb endings, the third person plural be, and the Northern Present-Tense Rule for third person plural verbs. These variables are significant because each of them presents two competing forms in the north of England in the Early Modern period: a local form and a supralocal form. The present analysis, after examining the correlation between the linguistic variables and gender and social function, concludes that the results may be understood through a conflict model in which variants supralocalize to accommodate the demands of alternative linguistic markets.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Third person in present tense"

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Ebert, Rebecca L. "Bridging Grammar and Speech Acoustics: Effects of Morpheme Status on Duration and Center of Gravity." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1616618286162091.

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Joelsson, Klara. "-S morphemes in L2 English : An investigation into student essays in grades 6, 9, and 12 in Sweden." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-38572.

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Swedish students’ morpheme acquisition order in English, including the acquisition of -s morphemes, is a relatively unstudied topic. Given the morphological differences between the English and Swedish languages, students learning English in Sweden may encounter difficulties in the use of the third person singular present tense -s morpheme. Research also shows that Swedish students use the plural -s morpheme rather accurately at 9-10 years old. Mapping out the usage of the -s morphemes may pave the way for understanding the difficulties learners encounter in the use of such morphemes. Furthermore, looking into the usage of morphemes that have the same form but different grammatical functions (e.g.,-s morphemes) may help us understand the relationship between different proficiency levels and the accuracy rate of morpheme usage in L2 English. To this end, this study investigates a corpus of texts produced by students learning English in Sweden in grades 6, 9 and 12. The focus is particularly on the frequency and accuracy of the use of -s morphemes, aiming at revealing which type of -s morphemes has a higher accuracy rate. The results show that the accuracy rate with the plural -s morpheme is relatively higher, whereas the possessive -‘s morpheme is the most problematic one across all levels. Additionally, the largest issue with the contracted verb form of be -‘s was that the students did not add an apostrophe between the word and the -s, rather than not using the form at all. Lastly, the third person singular present tense-s accuracy was very low in grade 6 but increased a lot through grade 9 and 12 where more complex subjects were the largest issue. However, the results indicate that further research with a larger corpus size is required to be able to generalize the findings.
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Kourtali, N. E. "The effects of task complexity, mode of interaction and L2 aptitude on the development of the present third person singular through recasts." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10046781/.

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The role of recasts, a corrective feedback technique, has received much attention from instructed SLA researchers. While a variety of factors have been identified as influencing their effectiveness in promoting L2 development, task complexity, mode of interaction and L2 aptitude are three potential moderator variables that have been the object of relatively little research. To fill these gaps, two studies were conducted. Study 1 investigated the combined effects of task complexity and recasts on modified output and development in knowledge of the present third person singular, the target construction. Study 2 explored the joint impact of mode of interaction and recasts on these outcome variables. Whether L2 aptitude influences these relationships was also examined. In both studies, 60 young learners, all Greek learners of English, were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions. In Study 1, the two groups completed tasks of differential cognitive complexity, with more or fewer reasoning demands. In Study 2, the two groups carried out tasks in different modalities, face-to-face versus computer-mediated. Recasts were provided in response to errors in the target construction. L2 development was gauged by an oral production test and a written production test in both studies, and Study 1 additionally included an elicited imitation test. The LLAMA test (Meara, 2005) was used as an index of L2 aptitude. In Study 1, students who completed less complex tasks achieved greater gains on the oral and written production tests. In Study 2, the face-to-face group demonstrated greater L2 improvement on both outcome measures. Correlational analyses showed that the gains of the learners who completed more complex tasks were related to learners' ability to recognize oral patterns (LLAMA D) and to associate sounds with symbols (LLAMA E). No correlation was found between aptitude and L2 gains in Study 2.
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Flores, Quiroz Martín. "Descriptive analysis of the acquisition of the base form, third person singular, present participle regular past, irregular past, and past participle in a supervised artificial neural network and an unsupervised artificial neural network." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115653.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Lingüistica mención Lengua Inglesa
Studying children’s language acquisition in natural settings is not cost and time effective. Therefore, language acquisition may be studied in an artificial setting reducing the costs related to this type of research. By artificial, I do not mean that children will be placed in an artificial setting, first because this would not be ethical and second because the problem of the time needed for this research would still be present. Thus, by artificial I mean that the tools of simulation found in artificial intelligence can be used. Simulators as artificial neural networks (ANNs) possess the capacity to simulate different human cognitive skills, as pattern or speech recognition, and can also be implemented in personal computers with software such as MATLAB, a numerical computing software. ANNs are computer simulation models that try to resemble the neural processes behind several human cognitive skills. There are two main types of ANNs: supervised and unsupervised. The learning processes in the first are guided by the computer programmer, while the learning processes of the latter are random.
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Kříž, Adam. "Vliv představitelnosti slov na osvojování slovních tvarů v češtině." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321457.

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(in English): In many studies there was demonstrated that word's imageability - the ability of a word to produce a mental image of it's referent - affects the processing of its inflection (e.g. Prado - Ullman, 2009), its acquisition (e.g. McDonough et al., 2011) and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes (Smolík, in press). This thesis builds on the Smolík's paper, and its goal is to test whether the imageability of a word's stem influences the acquisition of its inflections in Czech children. Word imageability ratings and ratings of other variables that were assumed to affect the process of the acquisition of word inflections, were collected, then questionnaires were distributed to parents to examine how the forms of chosen words are acquired by children. The focus was on the acquisition of nominative plural of nouns, present tense in second person and past tense of verbs. The results show that the imageability significantly predicts the age of acquisition of the nominative in singular and all observed forms of verbs. The absence of the imegability effect on the acquisition of nominative in plural may be due to the overall high imageability and thus reduced variability of ratings in nouns in our dataset. Two possible explanations of the imageability effect on the acqusition of morphological...
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Books on the topic "Third person in present tense"

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Adelaar, Willem F. H. Imperatives and commands in Quechua. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0002.

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The Quechuan languages of the Central Andes have a dedicated Imperative Mood paradigm featuring personal reference marking for all subject endings except first person. Non-canonical third person subject forms are part of this paradigm. Although there is a formal overlap between Future Tense and Imperative in marking of the first person inclusive subject, the former can be used in questions or be accompanied by validation markers, whereas the latter cannot. In imperative constructions negation is indicated in the same way as in other moods, except that it requires the presence of the prohibitive adverb ama, instead of plain negative mana. Conversely, ama can also be used in non-Imperative environments to express a mild or indirect command. It can be argued that Quechuan languages have two competing ways of indicating prohibition: Imperative structures with regular negation marking and obligatory presence of ama, and non-Imperative structures where ama introduces a prohibitive connotation.
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Schaller, Michael. Present Tense Third Edition Plus Miller On Our Own America In The Sixties Plus Us History Atlas. 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.

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Peacocke, Christopher. The Primacy of Metaphysics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835578.001.0001.

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Is the metaphysics of a domain prior in the order of philosophical explanation to a theory of intentional contents and meanings about that domain? Or is the opposite true? This book argues from the nature of meaning and intentional content to the conclusion that content and meaning are never prior to the metaphysics. For every domain, either a metaphysics-first view or a no-priority view is correct. Metaphysics-first views are developed for several specific domains. For extensive magnitudes, a new realistic metaphysics is developed, and this metaphysics is used to explain features of the perception of magnitudes, and to elucidate analogue computation and analogue representation. A metaphysics-first treatment of time is developed and used to develop new accounts of temporal representation, and to address some puzzles about time and present-tense content. A metaphysics-first treatment of subject and the first person develops a new account of the ownership of mental events by subjects, and argues for a greater role of agency in the first person than in earlier accounts. A noncausal metaphysics-first view is developed for the natural numbers and the real numbers. The account gives an explanatory priority to the application of numbers to properties and to ratios of magnitudes. The final chapter of the book argues the materials earlier in the book permit a new account of the limits of intelligibility. Spurious concepts, such as absolute space, are ones for which there is no account of the relation that would have to hold for a thinker to latch onto it.
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Maiden, Martin. The L-pattern and the U-pattern. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199660216.003.0005.

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The chapter presents the two types of Romance palatalization that have given rise to patterns of allomorphy. These involve principally the first-person singular present indicative and all the forms of the present subjunctive (the L-pattern); and in some cases the third-person plural present (the U-pattern). The diachronic persistence, replication, and ‘repair’ of this morphomic pattern is illustrated. It is argued that the apparent realignment of the alternant just with present subjunctive in Gallo-Romance is itself morphomic, rather than motivated semantically; that the patterns may retain a measure of phonological conditioning in Italo-Romance and Daco-Romance; and that morphomic patterns may involve asymmetrical distributions in paradigms.
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Maiden, Martin. The N-pattern. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199660216.003.0006.

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The chapter presents the role of stress and stress-related vocalic differentiation in creating a pattern of root allomorphy (the N-pattern), which distinguishes the singular and third-person forms of the present indicative and subjunctive, and of the imperative, from the rest of the paradigm. It is shown how numerous innovatory patterns (including suppletion, defectiveness, heteroclisis, and periphrases) replicate this pattern in diachrony. The possible role of markedness or of residual phonological conditioning is critically considered. It is suggested that the verb meaning ‘go’ may have played a special role. The independence of the N-pattern from extramorphological conditioning is reaffirmed.
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Ross G, Anderson. Ch.2 Formation and authority of agents, Formation II: Arts 2.1.6–2.1.14—Acceptance, Art.2.1.14. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0030.

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This commentary focuses on Article 2.1.14 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning contracts with terms deliberately left open. Art 2.1.14 permits the contract to have effect notwithstanding the fact that particular terms have been left open for future agreement. If the parties intend to conclude a contract, the fact that they intentionally leave a term to be agreed upon in further negotiations or to be determined by a third person does not prevent a contract from coming into existence. This commentary discusses present intention to be bound despite open terms, resolving disputes on open terms, and burden of proof relating to disputes over the existence of a contract despite open terms.
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Katz, Sanford N. Family Law in America. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197554319.001.0001.

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This book examines the present state of family law in America. The third edition captures recent developments, including the transformation of the institution of marriage from being a relationship between a man and a woman to encompassing same-sex marriage. In this regard, the book includes a full discussion and analysis of Obergefell v. Hodges. Obergefell v. Hodges is the U.S. Supreme Court case that held in a 5-4 decision that the bans on same-sex marriage in Michigan, Kentucky, Ohio, and Tennessee were unconstitutional. The Court held that the right to marry a person of the same sex is protected by the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, and therefore may not be denied in any state.
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Chowdhury, Debasish Roy, and John Keane. To Kill A Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848608.001.0001.

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Combining poignant life stories with sharp scholarly insight, this book rejects the belief that India was once a beacon of democracy but is now being ruined by the destructive forces of Modi-style populism. The book details the much deeper historical roots of the present-day assaults on civil liberties and democratic institutions. Democracy, the authors also argue, is much more than elections and the separation of powers. It is a whole way of life lived in dignity, and that is why they pay special attention to the decaying social foundations of Indian democracy. In compelling fashion, the book describes daily struggles for survival and explains how lived social injustices and unfreedoms rob Indian elections of their meaning, while at the same time feeding the decadence and iron-fisted rule of its governing institutions. Much more than a book about India, To Kill A Democracy argues that what is happening in the country is globally important, and not just because every third person living in a democracy is an Indian. It shows that when democracies rack and ruin their social foundations, they don’t just kill off the spirit and substance of democracy. They lay the foundations for despotism.
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Kachuck, Aaron J. The Solitary Sphere in the Age of Virgil. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579046.001.0001.

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The Solitary Sphere in the Age of Virgil uses an enriched tripartite model of Roman culture—touching not only the public and the private, but also the solitary—in order to present a new interpretation of Latin literature and of the historical causes of this third sphere’s relative invisibility in scholarship. By connecting Cosmos and Imperium to the Individual, the solitary sphere was not so much a way of avoiding politics as a political education in itself. As reimagined by literature in this age, this sphere was an essential space for the formation of the new Roman citizen of the Augustan revolution, and was behind many of the notable features of the literary revolution of Virgil’s age: the expansion of the possibilities of the book of poetry, the birth of the literary cursus, new coordinations of cosmology and politics within strictly organized schemes, the attraction of first-person genres, and the subjective style. Through close readings of Cicero’s late works and the oeuvres of Virgil, Horace, and Propertius and the works of other authors in the age of Virgil, The Solitary Sphere thus presents a radical reinterpretation of classical Roman literature, and contributes to the study of premodern culture more generally, especially for traditions that have taken antiquity as too fixed a point in their own literary, religious, and cultural histories.
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Book chapters on the topic "Third person in present tense"

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Wang, Jing, and Yasushiro Shirai. "Chapter 1. The development of third person singular present form -s." In The Acquisition of the Present, 1–20. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.196.01wan.

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Krogh Hansen, Per. "First Person, Present Tense. Authorial Presence and Unreliable Narration in Simultaneous Narration." In Narratologia, 317–38. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110209389.317.

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"Chapter 4. From Processing Instruction on the Acquisition of English Past Tense to Secondary Transfer-of-Training Effects on English Third Person Singular Present Tense." In Grammar Acquisition and Processing Instruction, 88–120. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847691057-006.

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Wright, Laura. "The language of transported Londoners: third-person-singular present-tense markers in depositions from Virginia and the Bermudas, 1607–1624." In Legacies of Colonial English, 158–71. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511486920.007.

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Miller, D. Gary. "The verbal system." In The Oxford Gothic Grammar, 176–231. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813590.003.0005.

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Verbs in Gothic are thematic, athematic, or preterite present. Several classes, including modals, are discussed. Strong verbs have seven classes, weak verbs four. Inflectional categories are first, second, and third person, singular, dual (except in the third person), and plural number. Tenses are nonpast and past/preterite. There are two inflected moods, indicative and optative, and two voices (active, passive). The passive is synthetic in the nonpast indicative and optative. The past system features two periphrastic passives, one stative-eventive with wisan (be), the other inchoative and change of state with wairþan (become). Middle functions are mostly represented by simple reflexive structures and -nan verbs. Nonfinite categories include one voice-underspecified infinitive, a nonpast and past participle, and a present active imperative. The third person imperative is normally expressed by an optative.
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van Schaaik, Gerjan. "Imperative forms." In The Oxford Turkish Grammar, 201–4. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.003.0016.

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The smallest unit of a verb is its stem and it is this stem that is most frequently used as the imperative. There are other means as well, all based on a stem plus a suffix: a polite request is issued in two ways, depending on whether one or more persons are being addressed. A third form is the compelling request, being applied as encouragement or to convey a certain degree of impatience. A paraphrased request is formed by using, for instance, an affirmative of negated present-tense form or by a verb form expressing possibility. Instructions can also be given in a declarative form expressing present or future. A certain ‘imperative’ effect can of course also be achieved by using modal forms corresponding to ‘can’ and ‘may’.
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Guerrero-Solé, Frederic, Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez, and Mark D. Griffiths. "Online Gambling Advertising and the Third-Person Effect." In Media Influence, 384–401. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3929-2.ch021.

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Gambling disorder is known to have a negatively detrimental impact on affected individual's physical and psychological health, social relationships, and finances. Via remote technologies (e.g., Internet, mobile phones, and interactive television), gambling has come out of gambling venues and has brought the potential for online gambling to occur anywhere (e.g., the home, the workplace, and on the move). Alongside the rise of online gambling, online gambling advertising have spread throughout all type of media. In a sample of 201 Spanish university students, the present study explored the perceived influence of online gambling advertising. More specifically it examined the Third-Person Effect (TPE), and its consequences on individuals' willingness to support censorship or public service advertising. The findings demonstrate that despite the difference on the perception of the effects of online gambling advertising, it scarcely accounts for the behavioural outcomes analysed. On the contrary, awareness of problem gambling and, above all, paternalistic attitudes appear to explain this support.
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"Third-Person Narratives: Floating Weed and The Mismatch: The Restoration of “-ta” Expressing the Past Tense." In Style and Narrative in Translations, 124–52. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315759487-12.

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Cassaniti, J. L. "Power and the Ghosts of Insanity in Lay Thai Life." In Remembering the Present. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501707995.003.0004.

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Mental powers are thought to arise through mindfulness practice in Thailand. This chapter explores these powers, and how they are understood to be developed in practice. It begins with a story of a man who has gotten into a minor car accident in Chiang Mai because, he says, he had lost his mindfulness. It then turns to an examination of the popular media, elementary school education, and governmental influences that people learn from in their understandings of the powerful efficacy of mindfulness. The second part of the chapter focuses on the ‘ghostly powers’ of the self in Northern Thai articulations of non-self (anatta) and khwan, a kind of ‘spirits of the person’, and the third section examines how power works in and through the global, transnational flows of authoritative biomedical technologies in the hospital. Together the chapter argues for some of the ways that mindfulness has become a marker of psychological strength and well-being.
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Wetherell, Sam. "The Shopping Mall." In Foundations, 137–63. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691193755.003.0006.

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This chapter tackles the history of the shopping mall in Britain. It argues that unlike shopping malls in the United States or nations that were urbanizing for the first time, shopping malls in Britain emerged in tense negotiation with a state-directed and developmental retail infrastructure established a generation earlier. The chapter discusses the distinction between two types of space: the shopping mall and shopping precinct in order to show how a qualitatively new urban form arose in Britain in the last third of the twentieth-century. It presents the history of the shopping mall which allows us to see how during this period a new relationship between the consumer, state, and economy emerged in Britain. The chapter explores the shopping mall's distinctive contribution to late-twentieth-century British life by historicizing three of its most important features. Ultimately, the chapter demonstrates how the shopping mall in Britain emerged from the ashes of a developmental compact between urban planning and the management of consumer demand. It investigates how shopping mall developers in Britain replicated a globally standardized type of urban space, aligning parts of Britain's built environment with that of the United States and world.
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Conference papers on the topic "Third person in present tense"

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Selezneva, O. N. "Present Indefinite, Present Continuous in expressing the future tense in the modern English language." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. SPC "LJournal", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/scienceconf-03-2021-47.

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Zimmerling, A. V. "ZERO FORMS IN MORPHOLOGICAL PARADIGMS: THE VERB “BE” IN RUSSIAN." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-795-810.

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This paper offers a corpus analysis of the Russian verb быть ‘be’ which has an abnormal present tense paradigm including a zero form ØBE.PRES and overt forms естьBE.PRES and сутьBE.PRES which do not discriminate person and number and are distributed syntactically. I discuss different approaches to the grammar of быть and argue that Apresjan’s model which recognizes ØBE.PRES, естьBE.PRES and сутьBE.PRES as parts of one and the same lemma is superior to alternative models splitting быть split into two lemmas representing copula vs content verb ‘be’. The peripheral status of overt present BE-forms compared with ØBE.PRES in the Russian National Corpus is confirmed by three measures: 1) dispersion of texts where a BE-form occurs; 2) uneven coverage in different persons and numbers; 3) ratio of copular uses vs content verb uses. 1–2 person present tense BE-forms attested in RNC are internal borrowings from Old Russian and Old Church Slavonic, while естьBE.PRES and сутьBE.PRES are inherited 3rd person elements which take over 1–2 person uses. The historical 3Pl суть is redundant in a system, where a more frequent 3rd person form есть is licensed in the plural: it survives by a minority of speakers either as an optional 3Pl copula in formal discourse or as an emphatic copula in oral discourse. The form естьBE.PRES occurs in all persons and numbers both as content verb and as copula but is underrepresented as 3Pl copula: this gap is filled by ØBE.PRES. The frequency of the zero copula ØBE.PRES can be measured in corpora without syntactic annotation on the basis of systemic proportion between present vs past tense uses of быть and on the basis of approximation samples for contexts where overt copulas alternate with ØBE.PRES.
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Mukherjee, Arpan, Yunbo Zhang, and Rahul Rai. "Probabilistic Design Miming." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34063.

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Design miming is a process through which a person gesticulates (move hands) to describe a real-world physical object. The core idea of this paper is to present an efficient 3D shape synthesis system and interface that can identify and display the most relevant objects based on the movements of hands. In order to implement such a system three key things are needed. First, a moderately sized 3D shape repository from where the system can find good shape matches. Second, it requires a computational tool that can convert the gestures of a user to provide input to a display interface. Third, it requires the design of an interface where synthesized 3D shapes/models could be displayed. Large databases of 3D shapes exist in online shape repositories such as Google 3D warehouse and Turbosquid, which we reuse. We focus on the second and third components of the system. Specifically, we develop a probabilistic graphical model based 3D shape synthesis approach for structure recovery from a highly noisy 3D scan of a user’s hand movements. Such a system should be real time and it imposes a computational method to have reduced time and memory complexity. We term this technique Probabilistic Design Miming (PDM) and show the utility of this technique in multiple usage scenarios.
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