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1
Kramarae, Cheris. The third shift: Women learning online. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women Educational Foundation, 2001.
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2
Jurczyk-Romanowska, Ewa. The third shift: Andragogical reflections on the @ktywny Senior Project. Wrocław: Dolnośląski Ośrodek Polityki Społecznej, 2012.
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3
SHIFT-Workshop (3rd 1998 Manaus, Brazil). Proceedings of the Third SHIFT-Workshop, Manaus, March 15-19, 1998. Germany: SHIFT, 1998.
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4
Salt, Bernard. The big shift: Welcome to the third Australian culture : the Bernard Salt report. South Yarra, VIC: Hardie Grant Publishing, 2001.
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5
The third shift: Managing hard choices in our careers, homes, and lives as women. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000.
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6
Williams, Leland K. A study of prison overpopulation in the North Carolina state prison system and a proposal for increasing numbers of inmates on third shift jobs. Wilmington, DE: Echo-use Associates, 1990.
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7
Aleshnikova, Vera, Aleksey Ahmetshin, Vera Basova, Ol'ga Vdovina, Andrey Voloshin, Lyubov' Voronkova, Boris Gerasimov, et al. Higher education in Russia: challenges of time and look into the future. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1045402.
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The monograph is devoted to analysis of the current state and prospects of development of the higher education system of Russia.
The first section discusses the General problems of development of higher education as a driver of innovation shifts, the second examines the impact of digitization on higher education, the third section is devoted to the improvement of administrative and pedagogical potential of higher education, the fourth - the management of student environment of the University.
Addressed to specialists who study the problems of higher education and of interest to postgraduates, doctoral candidates and students.
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Cinquegrani, Alessandro, Francesca Pangallo, and Federico Rigamonti. Romance e Shoah Pratiche di narrazione sulla tragedia indicibile. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-492-9.
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Over the last 70 years, Holocaust representations increased significantly as cultural objects distributed on a large scale: fictional books, museum sites, artworks, documentaries, and films are only a few samples of those echoes the Holocaust produced in contemporary Western culture. There are some specific patterns in the way the Holocaust has been represented that, however, contrast with the survivors’ account of the same event: for example, the dichotomy between bad and good characters so essential within Holocaust-based media – especially on television and film - does not really match with the testimony’s experience. While storytelling strategies may help to involve the public by emotionally engaging with the story, the risks of altering the real meaning of the Holocaust are quite high: what we often label as a “story” is actually been an outrageous, documented mass-genocide. Furthermore, as the age gap between the present and the past generation progresses, also the collective awareness of Nazi crimes as a real fact gets compromised. This volume explores selected Holocaust narrations by contextualizing the historical, literary, and social influences those texts had in their unique points of view. Starting with some recent examples of Holocaust exploitation through social media, the first chapter explores the paradigm shift when the Holocaust became a cultural, fictional trend rather than a historical massacre. In the second chapter, the analysis examines postmodern representations of Holocaust and Nazi semantics through relevant examples taken from both American and European literature. The third chapter analyses Europe Central by William T. Vollman, as all the narratological and cultural issues considered in the previous two chapters are well outlined in this articulated novel, where the relationship between reality and its representation after the postmodernist period is largely investigated. In chapter four, an account is given of the connections and differences between the narratological category romance, as understood by Northrop Frye, and Holocaust narration features. In chapter five, those elements are used to consider the work of Italian Holocaust survivor and Jewish writer Primo Levi, as his narration around Auschwitz adopts some fictional tools and still refuses undemanding storytelling mechanisms. The sixth and final chapter examines the relevant novel Les Benviellants by Jonathan Littell, considering its Nazi genocide account through the antagonist’s perspective.
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Spann, LaShana, and McKinley Horton. The Third Shift. PIAOTT Publishing LLC, 2016.
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12
Estrada, Emir, and Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo. Living the Third Shift. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037573.003.0009.
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This chapter examines gendered expectations resulting not only from the intersecting relations of race and class but also from the age as well as the inequality of nations that gives rise to particular patterns of international labor migration. Drawing on nine months of ethnographic observations and twenty in-depth interviews with Latina/o adolescent street vendors (sixteen girls and four boys) in Los Angeles, the chapter investigates how Latina girls negotiate a triple shift: street vending, household work, and schoolwork. It also explores the continuities between gendered household divisions of labor and street vending, whether the girls see “third-shift” work obligations as a burden or as a source of empowerment, and how the work that girls do as street vendors both perpetuates and challenges gendered expectations.
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Be Prepared Sort of: The Third Shift Comic Strip (Nightmart). Plan Nine Publishing, NC, 2002.
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15
Connor, Todd. Third Shift Entrepreneur: Keep Your Day Job, Build Your Dream Job. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2020.
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16
Bolton, Michele. Third Shift: Managing Hard Choices in Our Careers, Homes, and Lives As Women. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.
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17
Bolton, Michele Kremen. The Third Shift: Managing Hard Choices in Our Careers, Homes, and Lives as Women. Jossey-Bass, 2000.
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18
Tavoultzidou, Stavroula. Language shift or maintenance of Pontiaca among third-generation Pontii adolescents: An attitudinal survey. 1995.
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19
Sud, Sana. The Diplomatic Duffle Disparity—A Third World Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795940.003.0014.
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This chapter deals with the contemporary position of the diplomatic bag. Based on its regulation in the VCDR, the author examines the legal situation and the chief controversies it involves. That includes analysing the shift in power balance from the receiving countries, pre-VCDR, to the sending countries with regards to the bag, and between the developed nations greater ability to discern the contents of the bag vis-à-vis the developing nations. The author then provides solutions on how the balance of national interest and inviolability of the bag can be restored by having a preliminary screening or checking and also through an independent body vested with power to walk the line of this delicate balance by determining whether there is a strong reason for a full screening of the diplomatic bag or for sending it back to its place of origin.
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Heslin, Peter J. Ennius Redivivus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199541577.003.0006.
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Propertius’ second book ended with a glimpse of the Aeneid as a work-in-progress. That passage sets the stage for the strange prominence of Ennius in the third book. Propertius did not suddenly discover an interest in annalistic epic. In the first half of his third book, he uses the Annales as a proxy for the Aeneid, mischievously implying that Virgil’s next work will be a historical epic, a continuation of Ennius’. Propertius continues to define his own constancy in contrast to Virgil’s Protean shifts in genre. In retrospect, Virgil’s pastoral poetry was actually very good; his subsequent shift to natural philosophy was perhaps a nobly motivated aspiration; but the current project of writing a national epic is a contradiction of Virgil’s own principles.
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Anderson, Greg. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886646.003.0018.
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After summarizing the book’ s overall case for an ontological turn in history, the conclusion briefly discusses four wider intellectual implications of this paradigm shift. First, this shift fundamentally changes the way we think about the past, from an ongoing story of a single humanity, inhabiting a single, continuous metaphysical conjuncture, to stories of multiple different humanities, each one inhabiting its own distinct world of experience. Second, the shift duly changes our sense of the relationship between present and past, whereby our modern world is no longer the ultimate telos of our species journey but an exotic metaphysical anomaly, a world that is no more “true to life/nature” than any other. Third, the shift lends significant support to broader calls for a more post-disciplinary intellectual environment, since it implicitly questions the modern metaphysical commitments which undergird our entire apparatus of mainstream knowledge production and its conventional division of intellectual labor. Finally, the paradigm shift can make a significant contribution to contemporary critical theory. By forcing us to take seriously the metaphysical and ontological commitments of extinct past peoples, it raises the possibility of a non-modern critique of the modern. Moreover, by drawing our attention to the past’ s many different ways of being human, it should significantly broaden our capacity to imagine more sustainable, more equitable worlds of the future.
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Warhurst, Chris, Chris Tilly, and Mary Gatta. A New Social Construction of Skill. Edited by John Buchanan, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.013.4.
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There are a number of theoretical positions that inform analyses of skill. One such position is the social construction of skill. When it was first proposed it was driven by feminist concerns about the sex-typing of jobs and women’s exclusion from jobs labelled as skilled. This chapter offers a new social construction of skill. It appreciates that the old social construction of skill has not disappeared but points out that the context within which this construction occurred has changed, with weaker labour unions and the decline in the manufacturing industries. With more service jobs and stronger employers, the chapter argues that in the wealthier countries there have been two shifts: a shift in how skill has been defined and a shift in who has the power to define it. Focusing on gender, race and class, the chapters explains how the social construction of skill has been restructured in three ways. First, more importance is attached to ascription of skill. Second, who is and isn’t deemed to be skilled has changed. Third, the lines between achieved and ascribed skill are increasingly blurred. The chapter finishes by suggesting ways in which the discrimination arising from this new social construction of skill might be addressed.
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Piotrowski, John. Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition (Dekker Mechanical Engineering). 3rd ed. CRC, 2006.
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24
Machan, Tim William. When English Became Latin. Edited by James Simpson and Brian Cummings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212484.013.0014.
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The English language, at all grammatical levels, underwent a profound, albeit gradual, change between 1377 and 1642. These phonological changes include the Great Vowel Shift and the change in inflectional morphology. This article examines the transition from Middle English to Modern English and how English became Latin. It considers the retention of what might be called England’s sociolinguistic infrastructure, alongside a wide-ranging reconfiguration of English’s grammar and social uses. It discusses three unfamiliar constancies that characterize the decisive shift in the English language between the medieval and early modern epochs: the first involved the object of grammatical inquiry in early modern England, the second concerned the character of England’s linguistic repertoire of which diglossia was the notable organizing principle, and the third relates to the cultural significance that English was understood to project as an emerging High Language.
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Burrus, Jeremy, Krista D. Mattern, Bobby D. Naemi, and Richard D. Roberts. Do We Really Need to Build Better Students? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199373222.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the book by asking the question of whether “building better students” to improve the state of workforce readiness, which is currently experiencing a “skills gap,” is really a necessity. The chapter concludes that building better students is indeed necessary and introduces one theory for how society reached this point. This theory has four components. First, the rate of technological innovation is increasing. Second, this technological innovation has led to more technology usage at work. Third, more technology usage at work has led to a shift in the activities conducted at work. Finally, the shift in work activities has led to employers heavily emphasizing certain skills over others. The skills gap is occurring because our education system has not yet adjusted in accordance with these new emphases. Evidence for each component in the theory is provided.
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Abhinav, Chandrachud. Part VII Rights—Substance and Content, Ch.43 Due Process. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0043.
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This chapter examines the guarantee of ‘due process of law’ in the Indian Constitution. After providing an account of Constituent Assembly Debates and the historical intent behind this guarantee, the Chapter explores how substantive due process came to become a part of Indian constitutional law. Through a reading of important cases, it demonstrates the shift from substantive due process to procedural due process before turning to a third kind of due process presently seen in Indian constitutional law that is distinct from these two standard forms. It examines this third form of ‘pure form’ due process, as well as provides some reflections upon the concepts of arbitrariness and reasonableness and their relationship with this guarantee.
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Russo, Ann. Feminist Accountability. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814777169.001.0001.
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The book is divided into three sections: The first section, Cultivating Feminist Accountability, explores practices of accountability that embrace critical engagement of the power lines that shape our identities, relationships, and communities as we engage in feminist movement building and social change. The second section, Building Community Accountability and Transformative Justice, explores the concept and practice of community accountability and transformative justice within the context of U.S.-based feminist antiviolence movements. It introduces the feminist-of-color led efforts to shift from the dominant paradigm of institutionalized social services and carceral legal reform to community-based support, intervention, accountability, and transformation. The third section, (Re)Imagining Feminist Solidarity Politics, explores how a framework of feminist accountability can serve to disrupt and disentangle US-based feminist storytelling about the issues facing women of the global south from US imperial logics. Such a shift is essential for making visible the deep and historic relationship between and across these global divides and for creating possibilities for a solidarity based in mutuality, reciprocity and respect.
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Lorr, Michael J. Urban Sustainability and the “Greening” of Neoliberal Chicago. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040597.003.0005.
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Chapter abstract: This chapter addresses how the city government, related offices, non-profit organizations, and activists have attempted to shift Chicago’s urban development towards environmental sustainability. The chapter first, discusses what Chicago has accomplished, second, defines sustainability, third, outlines Chicago’s deficiencies in achieving its sustainability goals, and finally, presents alternative visions of sustainability rooted in resistance and activism. This chapter asks to what extent sustainable development in Chicago is influenced by its business-as-usual neoliberal context and to what extent it is influenced by alternative activist ideas of environmental justice.
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King, Peter. Marguerite Porete and Godfrey of Fontaines. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827030.003.0006.
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This paper argues that Marguerite Porete asked Godfrey of Fontaines to endorse her book, The Mirror of Simple Souls, because they shared three views in common. The first view is that the will is only contingently connected to the intellect and can be detached from it. The second view is that the traditional moral virtues are neither necessary nor sufficient for right action. The third view is that love has the power to literally transform one’s self. The first is unique to Godfrey, the second part of a shift in the medieval understanding of the role of virtue in ethical theory, and the third in many respects is a commonplace. Marguerite’s choice of Godfrey to sanction her treatise was therefore well motivated on doctrinal, not merely political, grounds.
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Simion, Mona. Shifty Speech and Independent Thought. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895288.001.0001.
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This is an essay in epistemology and the philosophy of language. It concerns epistemology in that it is a manifesto for epistemic independence: the independence of good thinking from practical considerations. It concerns philosophy of language in that it defends a functionalist account of the normativity of assertion in conjunction with an integrated view of the normativity of constative speech acts. The book defends the independence of thought from the most prominent threat that has surfaced in the last twenty years of epistemological theorizing: the phenomenon of shiftiness of proper assertoric speech with practical context. It does four things: first, it shows that, against orthodoxy, the argument from practical shiftiness of proper assertoric speech against the independence of proper thought from the practical does not go through, for it rests on normative ambiguation. Second, it defends a proper functionalist knowledge account of the epistemic normativity of assertion, in conjunction with classical invariantism about knowledge attributions. Third, it generalizes this account to all constative speech. Last, it defends detailed normative accounts for conjecturing, telling, and moral assertion.
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Hellie, Benj. Praxeology, Imperatives, and Shifts of View. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777991.003.0010.
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Recent neo-Anscombean work in praxeology (aka ‘philosophy of practical reason’), salutarily, shifts focus from an alienated ‘third-person’ viewpoint on practical reason to an embedded ‘first-person’ view: for example, the ‘naive rationalizations’ of Michael Thompson, of form ‘I am A-ing because I am B-ing’, take up the agent’s view, in the thick of action. Less salutary, in its premature abandonment of the first-person view, is an interpretation of these naive rationalizations as asserting explanatory links between facts about organically structured agentive processes in progress, followed closely by an inflationary project in ‘practical metaphysics’. If, instead, praxeologists chase first-personalism all the way down, both fact and explanation vanish (and with them, the possibility of metaphysics): what is characteristically practical is endorsement of nonpropositional imperatival content, chained together not explanatorily, but through limits on intelligibility. A connection to agentive behavior must somehow be reestablished—but this can (and can only) be done ‘transcendentally’.
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Ogihara, Yuji. Economic Shifts and Cultural Changes in Individualism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the relationship between economic affluence and individualism from a cross-temporal perspective. Previous research has indicated that wealth and individualism are positively correlated at both the individual and the national level. This chapter discusses whether this relationship is also found at the temporal level. This chapter consists of three parts. First, a theory about the association between economic affluence and individualism is summarized. Second, the chapter introduces empirical evidence on temporal changes in individualism and their relationship with economic development in three cultures (United States, Japan, China). These studies indicated that the three cultures have shifted toward greater individualism over time. Moreover, these changes in individualism were positively linked to increases in economic affluence at the annual level. Third, the chapter is summarized and directions for future research are raised. Overall, this chapter discusses how socioecological factors and human psychologies/behaviors are associated particularly from a cross-temporal perspective.
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Sivaram, Sudha. Cancer in the Global Health Context. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0029.
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Globally, a shift in the pattern of disease from infectious etiology to chronic conditions is leading to an increased focus on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. In this chapter, three cases are presented that illustrate the potential of implementation science in low- and middle-income countries. The first is a case from India that seeks to understand the context of care seeking and caregiving for cervical cancer in India. The second case presents more than a decade of work in El Salvador, a country with competing priorities in health. The third case describes how implementation science methods are being used in Vietnam to identify barriers to and facilitators for implementing a tobacco cessation intervention in community settings.
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Vatlin, Alexander, and Stephen A. Smith. The Comintern. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.045.
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The essay falls into two sections. The first examines the history of the Third International (Comintern) from its creation in 1919 to its dissolution in 1943, looking at the imposition of the Twenty-One Conditions on parties wishing to join the new International in 1920, the move from a perspective of splitting the labour movement to one of a united front in the early 1920s, the shift to the sectarian ‘third period’ strategy in 1928, and the gradual emergence of the popular front strategy in the mid-1930s. It examines the institutions of the Comintern and the Stalinization of national communist parties. The second section looks at some issues in the historiography of the Comintern, including the extent to which it was a tool of Soviet foreign policy, conflict over policy within the Executive Committee of the Comintern (ECCI), and the relationship of ECCI to ‘national sections’, with a particular focus on the Vietnamese Communist Party. Finally, it discusses problems of cultural and linguistic communication within the Comintern.
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Baule, Bernward, Dirk Hohnsträter, Stefan Krankenhagen, and Jörn Lamla, eds. Transformationen des Konsums. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748903918.
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Where is our consumer society headed? How have the attitudes and behaviour of consumers changed? Are we witnessing a shift from mass industrial consumption towards individual digital consumption? This book documents the third annual conference of the Netzwerk Verbraucherforschung (Consumer Research Network). Profound changes in the history of consumption, such as those that occurred during the industrial revolution and those that are occurring as a result of digitalisation, can only be understood through interdisciplinary research efforts. Therefore, in addition to the traditional subjects in the field of consumer science, such as economics, law, politics and social science, this book includes the perspectives of historiography and cultural studies. It not only aims to promote the exchange of the current findings of consumer science research in academia and politics, but also to heighten knowledge transfer.
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Sider, Theodore. The Tools of Metaphysics and the Metaphysics of Science. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811565.001.0001.
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Metaphysics is sensitive to the conceptual tools we choose to articulate metaphysical problems. Those tools are a lens through which we view metaphysical problems; the same problems look different when we change the lens. There has recently been a shift to "postmodal" conceptual tools: concepts of ground, essence, and fundamentality. This shift transforms the debate over structuralism, in many ways. For instance: structuralist theses say that "patterns" are prior to the "nodes" in the patterns. In modal terms it is clear what this means: the nodes cannot vary independently of the pattern. But it's far less clear what its postmodal meaning is. One expects it to mean that the pattern is fundamental, the entities in the pattern, derivative. But what would a fundamental account of reality that speaks only of patterns and not objects in the patterns look like? I examine three structuralist positions through a postmodal lens. First, nomic essentialism, which says that scientific properties are secondary and lawlike relationships among them are primary. Second, structuralism about individuals, a general position of which mathematical structuralism and structural realism are instances, which says that scientific and mathematical objects are secondary and the pattern of relations among them is primary. Third, comparativism about quantities, which says that particular values of scientific quantities, such as having exactly 1000g mass, are secondary, and quantitative relations, such as being-twice-as-massive-as, are primary. Finally, I take a step back and examine the meta-question of when theories are equivalent, and how that impacts the debate over structuralism.
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Tir, Jaroslav, and Johannes Karreth. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699512.003.0001.
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We describe the deleterious consequences of civil wars and note that, despite some successes, common conflict management techniques (mediation, intervention, peacekeeping) still leave much room for improvement in managing civil wars. We argue that an ontological shift is needed, in which civil wars are considered from the perspective of their development. This would allow third parties to address the issue of civil war prevention by taking steps to ensure that nascent, low-level armed conflict does not escalate to full-scale civil war. We maintain that a specific subset of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), highly structured IGOs [such as the World Bank or International Monetary Fund (IMF)], are particularly well positioned to engage in civil war prevention. Such IGOs have an enduring self-interest in member-state peace and stability and potent tools with which they can incentivize a return to peace.
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Délano Alonso, Alexandra. Shifting Diaspora Policies toward Integration in the Country of Destination. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688578.003.0002.
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This chapter explains the rationale behind the Mexican government’s gradual shift in discourse to make integration a priority goal of its diaspora policies. It also draws on examples of other Latin American governments that have begun to adopt similar policies or language. Compared to more widespread diaspora engagement strategies focused on development, these origin-country-led integration and social protection programs arise in a highly specific context responding to three main factors: first, the large percentage of Latin American migrants that is undocumented; second, the context of the country of destination, specifically the political discourse and the resources deployed to support or limit services for immigrants; and third, the strategic role of these policies as diplomatic tools, in the context of bilateral relations with both the destination country and other countries whose populations share similar challenges.
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Fowler, Ryan C. Platonism. Edited by Daniel S. Richter and William A. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199837472.013.48.
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At the start of the Second Sophistic, following the trend set in the Academy in the second and first centuries bce, the work of Plutarch of Chaeronea (ca. 40–120 ce) began to move Platonism away from the Academic skepticism that had been embraced in the third and second centuries bce. This general shift started the trend toward a dogmatic interpretation of Plato that was, with a few exceptions, the hallmark of Platonic instruction during the early centuries ce. After Plutarch, we have in many cases only the names of those who taught Plato during the Second Sophistic, including figures such as Ammonius, Taurus, Numenius, Atticus, and Theon of Smyrna. More rarely, we have some handbooks and introductions to Plato’s dialogues and his doctrine, primarily from such second-century ce figures as Maximus of Tyre, Apuleius, Galen, Albinus, and Alcinous.
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Strecker, Amy. Landscape and International Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826248.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 sets out the contemporary international legal context, as well as the rationale, for landscape protection in international law. In particular, it draws three distinct lines of normative development in international law relevant for landscape protection. The first links the principles of common heritage, common concern, and common goods; the second discusses the cultural heritage of humankind, and the third focuses on environmental protection and sustainable development. It is argued that the international legal order as traditionally conceived has undergone substantial changes in recent years and that these developments alter the traditional notion of sovereignty: states now have an obligation to safeguard the environment and elements of the cultural heritage for the benefit of humankind, including future generations. This chapter argues that any consideration of landscape protection in international law must necessarily consider this paradigm shift.
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Ward, Tony, and Anthony Beech. The explanation of sexual offending. Edited by Teela Sanders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213633.013.3.
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This essay focuses on four core issues and their normative implications associated with the “theory problem” as it relates to sexual offending. First, a critical task is to build multi-level and interfield theories that are directly responsive to the complex nature of human functioning and psychological architecture. Second, an important cognitive task is to take seriously the level of human agency and mental state psychological explanations of action. This requires accepting the significance of values and personal meanings, and appreciating that social and cultural practices causally influence a person’s sense of self and purpose in life. Third, we need to shift our attention from construct validity procedures and look to understand underlying causal processes. A preoccupation with measurement may trap us into surface-level explanations. Finally, some degree of integration should be attempted between research and conceptual work on dynamic risk factors and that on aetiological theories.
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Engel, Katherine Carté. Dissent in the Atlantic World, 1787–1830. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702245.003.0011.
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The very term ‘Dissenter’ became problematic in the United States, following the passing of the First Amendment. The formal separation of Church and state embodied in the First Amendment was followed by the ending of state-level tax support for churches. None of the states established after 1792 had formal religious establishments. Baptists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, and Methodists accounted for the majority of the American population both at the beginning and end of this period, but this simple fact masks an important compositional shift. While the denominations of Old Dissent declined relatively, Methodism grew quickly, representing a third of the population by 1850. Dissenters thus faced several different challenges. Primary among these were how to understand the idea of ‘denomination’ and also the more general role of institutional religion in a post-establishment society. Concerns about missions, and the positions of women and African Americans are best understood within this context.
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Abraham, William J. Scripture. Edited by Joel D. S. Rasmussen, Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.013.1.
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This chapter discusses the epochal shift in scriptural interpretation in the nineteenth century. Applying historical investigation to accounts of divine inspiration and revelation resulted in a call for a radical reconstruction of Christian theology, especially as developed in liberal Protestantism. There were a number of responses to such reconstruction of Christian faith. One option was to resist the logic of liberal Protestantism’s normative apologetic while retaining an existential appropriation of biblical heroes and narratives. A second option was to develop a whole new apologetic for the traditional position on inspiration and inerrancy. A third option was to shore up the appeal to biblical authority by a theory of development culminating in a doctrine of papal infallibility. Fourth, there was the populist option of focusing on personal piety and working from a deflationary soteriological vision of Scripture. All five options, if we include liberal Protestantism, continue to flourish.
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Haq, Khadija, ed. Personal Reflections on the World of the 1990s. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474684.003.0015.
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In this chapter Haq at the start of the decade of the eighties, sets out to predict the world economic order for the next decade of the nineties. Haq was convinced that in the decade of the 1990s the world will experience structural changes. This will be due to a major shift in the balance of power in favour of the Third World—demographically, socially and politically. Some of his specific predictions include: a historical adjustment in the patterns of economic growth in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries to much lower levels, growing pressure for fundamental reforms in the international monetary system, and formal entrance of socialist bloc into the global economic and monetary system. It would be an interesting exercise for the reader to compare Haq’s predictions for the nineties to the actual world economic order that emerged in the decade.
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Sen, Kunal, Sabyasachi Kar, and Jagadish Prasad Sahu. The Stroll, the Trot, and the Sprint of the Elephant. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801641.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter shows three distinctive growth episodes in India’s recent history. First, a period of slow growth from 1950 to 1992, due to the presence of a dominant political party, a prevalence of powerbrokers, and a disordered closed deal environment which slowly changed in the 1980s. The second period of growth from 1993 to 2002 was spurred by a move to a competitive political settlement, a growing trust between economic and political elites which opened up the deal space, and a move towards more magicians within the economy. The third period of mixed growth was caused by the rise of regional parties, the increased influence of the magicians and powerbrokers within the economy, and a shift to a more closed deals space. This analysis highlights the influence of feedback effects in India, both positive and negative, and how each distinctive period helped shape the next stage of growth.
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Igl, Natalia. Poetics of Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457747.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the interrelation of cognitive linguistic principles, specific textual and narrative strategies, and—as a third domain—contemporary poetological positions by means of an analysis of two novels of the German movement “Neue Sachlichkeit.” It sheds light on the strategies of perspectival embedding and points out its relevance for the characterization of modern literary aesthetics. After a first historical outline regarding the key status of perception and perspective in modernist aesthetics, the chapter discusses the cognitive linguistic principle of perspectivization and the inherent potential of multiperspectivity in narrative that results from the constitutive double-layered structure of narrative discourse. This provides the basis to analyze the specific strategies of foregrounding multiperspectivity by means of viewpoint splitting and deictic shift, polyphony and multimodality in two modernist novels by Alfred Döblin and Irmgard Keun that can be understood as strategies of perspectival embedding and addressed as “aesthetics of observation.”
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Davila, Antonio, and Angelo Ditillo. Management Control Systems and Creativity. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.24.
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This chapter argues that designing management control systems to enhance creativity requires a fundamental shift in how these systems are conceptualized, namely, as enablers of creativity. Concepts such as diagnostic and interactive, enabling and coercive, and inspirational and directional provide a head start in this respect. A new research agenda is proposed around three main lines: first, the exploration of traditional control concepts in an environment where intrinsic motivation dominates; second, the study of how management control systems are designed and used in settings where aesthetic creativity plays a central role; and, third, an investigation of the differences across management control systems as creativity, organizational design, and people’s characteristics vary. Research focused on the link between management control systems and intrinsic motivation, aesthetic creativity, and contextual variables will enhance our understanding of a topic that is central to innovation and increasingly important in establishing competitive advantage.
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Miller, Paul. Many Ways to Reading Success. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0009.
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On average deaf readers end up being poor readers. Their reading weakness has been claimed to reflect primary deficits in their ability to access and process the phonology of written words, but evidence from research with deaf Hebrew readers and deaf readers of other language backgrounds suggests that the role of phonology in explaining their poor reading comprehension has been overstated. To corroborate this conclusion, the author presents evidence from three sources. The first demonstrates the ability of a deaf youngster to acquire a language through reading and writing. The second presents evidence of deaf preschoolers’ ability to acquire effective word reading skills without phonological mediation. The third shows how deaf readers’ underdeveloped morpho-syntactic understanding improves when they are exposed to an interactive computerized learning environment that visually demonstrates how language rules operate. A paradigm shift in how reading skills should be developed in prelingually deaf individuals is discussed.
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Bovens, Mark, and Anchrit Wille. The Meritocratization of Civil Society. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790631.003.0006.
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Civil society organizations are, if not schools, at least pools of democracy. In the ‘third sector’, too, active engagement and participation ‘by the people’ have given way to meritocracy, or, in other words, to rule by the well-educated. Many popularly rooted mass organizations have witnessed a decline in membership and political influence. Their role as intermediary between politics and society has been taken over by professionally managed advocacy groups that operate with university educated public affairs consultants. First, the chapter describes the associational revolution, the enormous increase in the number of civil society organizations. Then it in analyses the education gap in membership and the shift from large membership organizations to lean professional advocacy groups, which has occurred over the past three decades. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the net effect of this meritocratization of civil society for political participation and interest representation.
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Jaffrelot, Christophe, Atul Kohli, and Kanta Murali, eds. Business and Politics in India. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912468.001.0001.
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Over the last few decades, politics in India has moved steadily in a probusiness direction. The probusiness shift in India has important implications for both how the world’s largest democracy is governed and for the life-chances of the citizens of that democracy. This volume analyzes the growing power of business groups in the Indian polity. It pursues four research issues aimed at focusing attention on the growing role of business in Indian politics. First, it assesses the power of business groups within India: has the power of business in India achieved a nearly hegemonic status? Second, whether business power is becoming hegemonic or not, how do business groups mold Indian politics? Third, the volume seeks to understand how the power of business groups in India varies along several critical issue areas such as land acquisition, labor, media, and urban governance. Fourth, given India’s regional diversity, it seeks to understand the varying political role of business groups in select Indian states.