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Journal articles on the topic 'Third States'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Barnhart, Joslyn. "Humiliation and Third-Party Aggression." World Politics 69, no. 3 (2017): 532–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887117000028.

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There is a growing consensus that status concerns drive state behavior. Although recent attention has been paid to when states are most likely to act on behalf of status concerns, very little is known about which actions states are most likely to engage in when their status is threatened. This article focuses on the effect of publicly humiliating international events as sources of status threat. Such events call into question a state's image in the eyes of others, thereby increasing the likelihood that the state will engage in reassertions of its status. The article presents a theory of status

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David, Steven R. "Explaining Third World Alignment." World Politics 43, no. 2 (1991): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010472.

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Many argue that balance of power theory is as applicable to the Third World as it is to other states. Without substantial modification, however, balance of power theory cannot explain Third World alignments, because it ignores key characteristics of Third World states that determine alignment. The author develops a theory, “omnibalancing,” that is relevant to the Third World and that repairs these defects. Rather than balance of power's emphasis on states seeking to resist threats from other states, omnibalancing explains Third World alignments as a consequence of leaders seeking to counter in

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3

Mazrui, Ali A. "A Third World Perspective." Ethics & International Affairs 1 (March 1987): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1987.tb00511.x.

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At odds in 1987 were the philosophies of a United States grounded in political liberalism and a Soviet Union grounded in economic redistribution. While these principles may have defined these two nations' domestic policies and official international stances, Mazrui argues that the United States did little to propagate liberalism and the Soviet Union did little to encourage economic redistribution. Moreover, his critique seeks to reveal that each superpower's actions ultimately supported the other's philosophy. From this twist of intent and effect, Mazrui turns to the proclivity toward violence

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4

Fentiman, Richard. "Brussels I and Third States: Future Imperfect?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 13 (2011): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712801752915.

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AbstractIn December 2010 the European Commission published its long-awaited proposals for the reform of the Brussels I Regulation on civil jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments. These concern matters of considerable practical importance. But they also expose fundamental questions about the Regulation’s proper scope, and its role in complex commercial disputes, which will persist long after the terms of the amended Regulation are settled.

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5

Burdová, Katarína. "EU international family law and third states." Bratislava Law Review 1, no. 1 (2017): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2017.1.1.69.

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The aim of this contribution is to consider whether common provisions of the Brussels IIbis Regulation and of the Maintenance Regulation supersede the national rules only in so far as a given situation has substantial connections to the EU or in all situations irrespective of such connections. We will consider external effect (effect on extra-Union cross-border family cases) of the abovementioned Regulations on the basis of analysis of personal-territorial scope of their application.

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6

Gevorkyan, S. T. "Quantum superposition states in third-harmonic generation." Physical Review A 58, no. 6 (1998): 4862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.58.4862.

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7

Fentiman, Richard. "Brussels I and Third States: Future Imperfect?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 13 (2011): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s152888700000197x.

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Abstract In December 2010 the European Commission published its long-awaited proposals for the reform of the Brussels I Regulation on civil jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments. These concern matters of considerable practical importance. But they also expose fundamental questions about the Regulation’s proper scope, and its role in complex commercial disputes, which will persist long after the terms of the amended Regulation are settled.

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8

Ayoob, Mohammed. "The Security Problematic of the Third World." World Politics 43, no. 2 (1991): 257–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010473.

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This article reviews some recently published volumes on the subject of Third World security and, in the light of the analyses presented in these books, attempts to discuss a series of major issues in the field of Third World security studies. These include (1) the applicability of the concept of security as traditionally defined in the Western literature on international relations to Third World contexts; (2) the domestic variables affecting the security of Third World states; (3) the impact of international systemic factors on Third World security; (4) the effect of late-twentieth-century wea

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9

Bialecki, Jon. "The Third Wave and the Third World." PNEUMA 37, no. 2 (2015): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-03702001.

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While a great deal of social science literature has examined the explosion of pentecostal and charismatic Christianity in the Global South as well as conservative and anti-modern forms of resurgent Christianity in the United States, little work has been done to investigate the causal effects of the former on the latter. Drawing from existing literature, interviews, and archives, this article contributes to filling that gap by arguing that in the mid-twentieth century, evangelical missionary concerns about competition from global Pentecostalism led to an intellectual crisis at the Fuller School

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10

Bastid Burdeau, Geneviève. "The Respect of Other States’ Rights (Freedom of Navigation and Other Rights and Freedoms Set Out in the LOSC) as a Limitation to the Military Uses of the EEZ by Third States." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 34, no. 1 (2019): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-23341046.

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Abstract Due regard appears as the key notion to articulate rights recognized by the LOSC to coastal states in their EEZ and the rights of third states. Little attention is paid by the LOSC to the relations between third states conducting activities in the EEZ of a coastal state apart from the laying of cables. Third states enjoy all freedoms of the high seas compatible with the rights expressly granted to the coastal state. Although no specific provision regulates the relations between third states in the use of these rights, it is argued that the obligation of due regard prevailing in the hi

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11

Carey, Sarah C., and Sheila Avrhn Mclean. "The United States, Countertrade and Third World Trade." Journal of World Trade 20, Issue 4 (1986): 441–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad1986045.

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12

KOLODZIEJ, EDWARD A. "U.S.-Soviet Cooperation: The Role of Third States." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 518, no. 1 (1991): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716291518001010.

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13

Hammond, Richard T. "Third-order Miller-type rule from coherent states." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 7, no. 6 (1990): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.7.000944.

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14

Evans, Andrew. "European Union Decision-Making, Third States and Comitology." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 47, no. 2 (1998): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300061856.

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Historically and conceptually, EU law originates in the idea that member States have approved restrictions of national sovereignty in the interests of establishing a common market. In accordance with this idea, significant elaboration or extension of these restrictions must also be approved by the member States or at least by a majority of their representatives in the Council of the Union. The implication is not only that the development of the rules of the common market is dependent on the will of the member States. The further implication is that the rules of the common market and the rules

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15

Kleiner, I., J. T. Hougen, J. U. Grabow, S. P. Belov, M. Yu Tretyakov, and J. Cosléou. "The Third and Fourth Torsional States of Acetaldehyde." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 179, no. 1 (1996): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsp.1996.0182.

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16

Szelenyi, Ivan. "Third Ways." Modern China 37, no. 6 (2011): 672–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700411420799.

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This article compares the Chongqing model of the “third hand” with various theories of the “third way” in late socialist Eastern Europe. The third hand is praised as an intriguing attempt to offer an alternative to the invisible hand of the free market and the redistributive hand of state socialism. Funding of public goods from capital gains from government-owned land and real estate is an innovative idea, but it is unclear whether it is a sustainable proposition. China may be developing a real estate bubble similar to the one that has recently burst in the United States and continental Europe

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17

Sherstyukov, S. "Turkiye in Central Asia: a “Third Force”?" World Economy and International Relations 68, no. 9 (2024): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-9-101-112.

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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Turkiye attempted to build “special” relations with the new independent states of Central Asia, filling the power vacuum in the region. The results of these efforts were contradictory and generally disappointing for Ankara, ending not only in decline of its activity in the region, but also abandonment of its claims to leadership. Although Turkiye made significant progress in developing economic, cultural, and humanitarian ties with Central Asian states in the following decades, the region in general was not among the top priorities of its foreign policy.

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18

Arai, Koji. "3α resonance excited states of 12C in a microscopic cluster model". Modern Physics Letters A 21, № 31n33 (2006): 2347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306021979.

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Three-alpha resonance excited states has been theoretically explored by means of the α+α+α microscopic cluster model. The resonance parameters is determined by employing the Complex Scaling Method (CSM). Our model space is extended by including higher partial waves than the RGM+CSM calculation by Pichler1. Our model has given the third 0+ state at 4~5MeV above the three-body threshold but the broad 0+ state, which was recently reported experimentally and overlapping with the 2+ state2, has not been localized between the second and the third 0+ states. On the other hands, our model has given th

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19

Djordjevic, Stevan. "The effect of international treaties." Medjunarodni problemi 59, no. 1 (2007): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0701049d.

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The article is devoted to the doctrine and practice of the Law of Treaties. The author focuses his attention on the following four topics: 1. the Treaties and third States or third international organizations; 2. the Tre?aties that provide rights for third States or third international organizations; 3. the Treaties that set out obligations for third States or third international organizations. He pays special attention to the most-favoured-nation clau?se. The author gives interpretations of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties betw

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20

Barry, Colin M., and Katja B. Kleinberg. "Profiting from Sanctions: Economic Coercion and US Foreign Direct Investment in Third-Party States." International Organization 69, no. 4 (2015): 881–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081831500017x.

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AbstractScholarship on the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows has produced valuable insights into the role of host state characteristics and home-host relations. This study draws attention to another factor in investment decisions—the political and economic relations that home and host states maintain with third-party states. More narrowly, we focus on how investors respond to their home-state's imposition of economic sanctions against a trading partner. Greater economic integration has allowed states to use economic sanctions more frequently in recent decades. At the same t

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21

Fleck, Stefan, Thomas Karner, Sabine Schuster, and Brigitte Weninger. "Using Toll Data to Improve the Quality of Road Freight Transport Statistics (RFTS) on Austrian Roads." Austrian Journal of Statistics 49, no. 5 (2020): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17713/ajs.v49i5.1019.

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The European road freight transport statistics (RFTS) result from surveys, which are conducted by several states on the basis of EU-legislation. As there is no strict methodology for the implementation of these surveys, they are slightly different regarding the individual states. This article analyses the additional use of toll data to improve the European RFTS and to impute transport volume and performance of third states affecting the Austrian territory. First, it was attempted to derive journeys as defined in the RFTS from the toll data and assign them to their type of transport. These anal

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22

Voloshyn, Yuriy, and Nataliia Mushak. "ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL GROUNDS FOR DEPORTATION AND EXPULSION OF THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONALS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION’S MEMBER STATES." Administrative law and process, no. 4 (31) (2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2020.4.01.

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The purpose of the article is to highlight key issues related to the deportation and eviction ofthird-country nationals from the Member States of the European Union.The article covers the key issues related to the deportation and expulsion of third-country nationalsfrom the European Union’s member states. The research determines that within the European Union most of the issues related to the deportation and expulsion of third-country nationals fromthe EU territory and EU member states are classified as a common immigration policy.The study used a set of methods that defined its purpose and ob

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23

Iersel, Leo Van, Mark Jones, and Steven Kelk. "A Third Strike Against Perfect Phylogeny." Systematic Biology 68, no. 5 (2019): 814–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz009.

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Abstract Perfect phylogenies are fundamental in the study of evolutionary trees because they capture the situation when each evolutionary trait emerges only once in history; if such events are believed to be rare, then by Occam’s Razor such parsimonious trees are preferable as a hypothesis of evolution. A classical result states that 2-state characters permit a perfect phylogeny precisely if each subset of 2 characters permits one. More recently, it was shown that for 3-state characters the same property holds but for size-3 subsets. A long-standing open problem asked whether such a constant e

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24

Rhubart, Danielle, Yue Sun, Claire Pendergrast, and Shannon Monnat. "Sociospatial Disparities in “Third Place” Availability in the United States." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 8 (January 2022): 237802312210903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221090301.

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Tertiary to home and work, “third places” serve as opportunity structures that transmit information and facilitate social capital and upward mobility. However, third places may be inequitably distributed, thereby exacerbating disparities in social capital and mobility. The authors use tract-level data from the National Neighborhood Data Archive to examine the distribution of third places across the United States. There were significant disparities in the availability of third places. Higher poverty rates were associated with fewer third places. Tracts with the smallest shares of Black and Hisp

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25

Yoshida, Motoko. "Changes of Jurisdiction Rules and Relevance for Third States." International Journal of Procedural Law 5, no. 1 (2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/30504856-00501003.

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This article focuses on the changes of jurisdiction rules in Brussels I Regulation (Recast) that came into effect on 10 January 2015 and their relevance to the third states. The changes of the jurisdiction rules related to third states are more moderate than expected and the Regulation (Recast) is treated as unsatisfied and needs further amendments. The Regulation (Recast) stipulates the presence of the report including an evaluation of the possible need for a further extension of the jurisdiction rules and if necessary a proposal for the amendment. For preparing future discussion, the suffici

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26

Gutteridge, William. "The insecurity dilemma: national security of Third World states." International Affairs 68, no. 4 (1992): 726–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622737.

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27

Segal, Gerald. "Quasi-states: sovereignty, international relations and the Third World." International Affairs 68, no. 2 (1992): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623226.

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28

Jackson, Robert H. "Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 28, no. 2 (1995): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1995-2-256.

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29

Pathy, Jagannath. "The United States Intervention in Third World Rural Policies." Social Scientist 14, no. 4 (1986): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517179.

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30

Chomi, Stephen, and Jimmy M. Muyanja. "Issues in Arbitration of Claims against Third World States." Journal of International Arbitration 17, Issue 4 (2000): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/273847.

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31

Marthaler, Douglas, Laura Bruner, James Collins, and Kurt Rossow. "Third Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, United States." Emerging Infectious Diseases 20, no. 12 (2014): 2162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2014.140908.

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32

Pierre, Andrew J., and Robert H. Jackson. "Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations and the Third World." Foreign Affairs 70, no. 5 (1991): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20045014.

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33

Hodgkin, Douglas I., and Alan Rosenthal. "The Third House: Lobbyists and Lobbying in the States." CrossRef Listing of Deleted DOIs 23, no. 2 (1993): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3330865.

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34

McLoughlin, Susan S. "How Many States Provide Third-Party Reimbursement for NPs?" Nurse Practitioner 13, no. 8 (1988): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-198808000-00002.

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35

Caraher, Mary T. "How Many States Provide Third-Party Reimbursement for NPs?" Nurse Practitioner 13, no. 8 (1988): 6???9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-198808000-00003.

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36

Benjamin, Gerald, and Alan Rosenthal. "The Third House: Lobbyists and Lobbying in the States." Political Science Quarterly 109, no. 1 (1994): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2151682.

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37

Golonzka, O., and A. Tokmakoff. "Polarization-selective third-order spectroscopy of coupled vibronic states." Journal of Chemical Physics 115, no. 1 (2001): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1376144.

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38

Chen, Yijiang. "Soliton states in wave mixing and third-harmonic generation." Physical Review A 50, no. 6 (1994): 5145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.50.5145.

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39

Stratford, Jean Slemmons, Juri Stratford, and Robert V. Labaree. "The third house: Lobbyists and lobbying in the states." Journal of Government Information 21, no. 3 (1994): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-0237(94)90006-x.

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40

Ajibola, Bola. "THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE AND ABSENT THIRD STATES." African Yearbook of International Law Online / Annuaire Africain de droit international Online 4, no. 1 (1996): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221161796x00050.

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41

Loefflad, Eric. "Third World Statehood Before the ‘Third World’: Imperialism, Sovereignty, and the Making of Latin America." National Law School of India Review 35, no. 2 (2024): 166–77. https://doi.org/10.55496/lrkg8535.

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Engaging BS Chimni’s claim that the genealogies of colonial capitalism are vital to uncovering the substantive realities that animate formalistic conceptions of jurisdiction, I argue that the independence of Latin America forms an important, yet under- theorised, site for articulating these genealogies. This is especially significant given the general lack of materialist analysis of this history in both Latin American International Law (LAIL) and Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL’). Filling this lacuna, I argue that while Latin American polities emerged as bounded territorial

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42

Fagan, Matthew. "Third-Party Institutional Proxy Advisors: Conflicts of Interest and Roads to Reform." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 51.3 (2018): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.51.3.third-party.

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With the rise of institutional activist investors in recent decades—including a purported 495 activist campaigns against U.S. corporations in 2016 alone—the role that third-party institutional proxy advisors play in corporate governance has greatly increased. The United States Office of Government Accountability estimates that clients of the top five proxy advisory firms account for about $41.5 trillion in equity throughout the world. For several years, discussions have developed regarding conflicts of interest faced by proxy advisors. For example, Institutional Shareholder Services, the top p

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43

Hardy, Julien. "The Objective of Directive 2003/86 Is to Promote the Family Reunification of Third Country Nationals." European Journal of Migration and Law 14, no. 4 (2012): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12342017.

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Abstract This paper provides an analysis of the objective attributed by the CJEU to Directive 2003/86 in the Chakroun (C-578/08) decision and its impact on Member States’ margins of manoeuvre. The Court indeed stated that ‘(. . .) the margin for manoeuvre which the Member States are recognised as having must not be used by them in a manner which would undermine the objective of the directive, which is to promote family reunification, and the effectiveness thereof’.1 Astonishingly enough, this part of the judgement has not stirred much reaction from commentators and Member States. After an anal

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44

Mavromati, Chrysoula, and Alexander Schubert. "The EU Model Clauses for Bilateral Investment Treaties of EU Member States With Third Countries." European Investment Law and Arbitration Review 9, Issue 2 (2024): 193–216. https://doi.org/10.54648/eila2024041.

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Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, the EU investment policy has sought to establish a coherent framework for investment protection in the EU. To that effect, the ‘Grandfathering Regulation’ establishes transitional arrangements for bilateral investment treaties (BITs) between Member States and third countries, including procedures and conditions under which Member States are empowered to conclude new or amend existing agreements with third countries. Consistency with the EU’s investment policy and EU law are essential criteria against which Member States BITs are assessed as part

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45

Fitzsimons, Peter. "Third way." Theory and Research in Education 4, no. 2 (2006): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878506064541.

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This article explores some features of an international ‘third way’ movement which, in theory and in practice, impacts on centuries-old traditions of communal life and the belief in autonomous agency – traditions which motivate individual participation in society and underpin liberal conceptions of education.The article uncovers some of the hopes and aspirations of third way discourse by examining the work of one of its leading proponents, Anthony Giddens, and reviewing related social policy implementation in the United States, Britain and especially New Zealand. The following are argued as pr

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46

McCreath, Millicent. "COMMUNITY INTERESTS AND THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN NATIONAL JURISDICTION." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 70, no. 3 (2021): 569–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589321000208.

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AbstractThis article considers the under-studied question of the interests that the international community may have in the protection of the marine environment within national jurisdiction. This question is addressed on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the major documents that reveal the convictions of the international community, including UN General Assembly resolutions, major international treaties and the outcomes of multilateral conferences. The core argument is that, despite the dominance of the zonal jurisdictional regime in the law of the sea, the international community has,

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47

Jessen, Pernille Wegener. "State Aid and Taxation in Relation with Third Countries." Intertax 40, Issue 2 (2012): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2012014.

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The EU and WTO legal regimes on state aid and subsides may contribute to the EU and OECD objective of tackling harmful tax competition. In EU Member States relations with third countries, harmful tax competition may arise both in relation to tax derogations by EU Member States applied to activities linked with third countries, and in relation to tax derogations by non-EU countries potentially affecting the Policy Decisions of the EU Member States or Decisions about the location of multinational businesses. In order to illustrate some of these problems, this article addresses two recent Decisio

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48

Amerasinghe, C. F. "Liability to Third Parties of Member States of International Organizations: Practice, Principle and Judicial Precedent." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 2 (1991): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203062.

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One of the principal issues of interest to international lawyers in the International Tin Council cases decided by the English courts was whether member states of the International Tin Council (ITC) were secondarily or concurrently liable to third parties for the debts of the organization. This issue may arise when two or more states form an organization with legal personality that can perform functions with legal consequences. In the course of performing these functions, such an organization may incur liabilities to third parties. These third parties may be states, other organizations, indivi

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49

Challet, Celia, and Dorin-Ciprian Grumaz. "EU Restrictive Measures and Third Countries’ Evidence." European Foreign Affairs Review 28, Issue 1 (2023): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2023002.

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EU restrictive measures, often referred to as ‘sanctions’, have become an increasingly used instrument of EU autonomous foreign policy. For some restrictive measures, however, the EU cannot act alone. In order to adopt them, the Council must rely on information transmitted by third states’ authorities and decisions taken by them at domestic level. This has been the case, in particular, of EU restrictive measures adopted in connection with misappropriations of state funds. The Council’s use of such evidence has been somewhat controversial and has led to numerous legal debates before the Court o

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50

Melin, Pauline. "Member States’ social security agreements with India." European Journal of Social Security 20, no. 2 (2018): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1388262718771786.

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In a 2012 Communication, the European Commission described the current approach to social security coordination with third countries as ‘patchy’. The European Commission proposed to address that patchiness by developing a common EU approach to social security coordination with third countries whereby the Member States would cooperate more with each other when concluding bilateral agreements with third countries. This article aims to explore the policy agenda of the European Commission in that field by conducting a comparative legal analysis of the Member States’ bilateral agreements with India

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