Relevant bibliographies by topics / Third world; Developing countries

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Third world; Developing countries'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Third world; Developing countries"

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Alford, Margaret R. "Developing facultative reading programmes in third world countries." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 8, no. 6 (January 1987): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1987.9994308.

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Hinkelammert, Franz J. "Changes in the Relationships Between Third World Countries and First World Countries." Mission Studies 12, no. 1 (1995): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338395x00141.

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AbstractI wish to develop some theses on the changes in the relationship between Third World countries and First World countries, which have been strongly affected by the crisis of socialism in the Soviet Union and in the Eastern European countries. It is a profound change, which came about in the '80s but which had already been developing in the decades prior to that.
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Cole, S. "World Bank Forecasts and Planning in the Third World." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, no. 2 (February 1989): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a210175.

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The growth forecasts of the World Bank have become increasingly influential for the planning efforts of developing countries. However, after reviewing these forecasts this author concludes that the projections of the Bank for the economic growth rates both of the industrial and of the developing countries are systematically biased, and its estimates of the locomotive effect for developing countries are ambiguous. A similar pattern is reflected in the forecasts of the major United Nations agencies, in particular the Secretariat and UNCTAD. These forecasts are not readily explained by the data presented or by the forecasting methods used by the agencies. Rather, the explanation appears to lie in the need to rationalize forecasts within the context of a particular institutional imperative. An alternative model of forecasting is suggested which shows how peer group and pressures within the interagency system have resulted in a misplaced consensus about long-term trends, changed the methods used, undermined the potential benefits of the forecasting exercise, and ultimately harmed the situation of many people in the developing countries.
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OSTROM, DAVID E. "Developing Programs To Provide Medical Equipment To Third-World Countries." Journal of Clinical Engineering 11, no. 2 (March 1986): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004669-198603000-00012.

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Rienhoff, O. "Health Informatics Education in the Third World." Methods of Information in Medicine 28, no. 04 (October 1989): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1636790.

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Abstract:The state of the art is summarized showing many efforts but only few results which can serve as demonstration examples for developing countries. Education in health informatics in developing countries is still mainly dealing with the type of health informatics known from the industrialized world. Educational tools or curricula geared to the matter of development are rarely to be found. Some WHO activities suggest that it is time for a collaboration network to derive tools and curricula within the next decade.
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Somjen, George. "Teaching Physiology in Developing Countries: Report of a Meeting." Physiology 5, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1990.5.6.269.

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The meeting was a satellite of the XXX1 IUPS Congress. Participants from 33 countries developed recommendations relating to the teaching of physiology in the Third World. Some concerns of our Third World colleagues will sound familiar to readers from the industrialized countries!
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Grub, Phillip D. "Third World Multinationals: The Rise of Foreign Investments From Developing Countries." Journal of International Business Studies 16, no. 1 (March 1985): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.1985.13.

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Pelto, Pertti J., and Gretel H. Pelto. "Developing applied medical anthropology in third world countries: Problems and actions." Social Science & Medicine 35, no. 11 (December 1992): 1389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90042-o.

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Ahmed, Zuhayer, and Farjana Yeasmeen. "First World Healthcare by Third World Provider: Position of Bangladesh." Journal of Health Science Research 1, no. 2 (September 6, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jhsr/2016/v1/i2/4597.

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Despite being a third world country, Bangladesh has a huge prospect of providing modern, advanced healthcare in cheap rates. It has started that journey by building new health infrastructures, strengthening primary health care, increasing outputs of doctors, nurses and paramedics, developing a strong health information system and encouraging public-private partnerships. With increasing GDP, health status of people has also been improved as evidenced by achieving targets of the health related indicators in Millennium Development Goals. In spite of having lower per capita health expenditure than neighboring countries, Bangladeshi people have achieved higher life expectancy at birth with progressively strengthened health system. This country is developing resources at a fast pace to attract the medical tourists challenging other Asian countries popular for medical tourism. Bangladesh needs to make curative sector stronger to earn massive sum of foreign currency and emerge as a country of medical tourism in near future.
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Lane, John C., Roger D. White, Luis C. Toledo, Alfio J. Tincani, Massami Katayama, Kentaro Takaoka, Harald U. Gessner, et al. "New Ambulance Design for the Third World." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 3, no. 1 (1987): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0002879x.

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Important modifications in ambulance design were suggested and introduced by Safar in 1965 and in 1971. However, most of these modifications have not reached the developing countries. The present “ambulance” in these countries are low ceiling and carry no equipment or trained personnel. They could be better defined as “taxis for horizontal transportation.” Recently, we have been able to introduce onto the market of these countries, a new ambulance that is competitive in price and adapted to the availability of materials, equipment, and personnel.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Third world; Developing countries"

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Elbeshlawy, Ahmed Farouk. "That dangerous carnival : the Third World and its relation to the west /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25943327.

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Al-Khalisi, Abrahim Jawad. "Comparative Analysis of Resettlement Policies in Third World Countries." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4609.

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Settlement policy in the Third World has been stimulated by the availability of public land. This availability of public land has prompted many Third World countries to adopt policies or schemes called resettlement, transmigration, or land development. These have been presented as potential means for addressing numerous agendas held by Third World countries. Settlement policies have been used to increase agricultural production and make idle land productive. Spatial imbalances of population distribution have been addressed via settlement policies. For national security, settlement policies have been used to exploit frontier lands. Solutions to serious political problems including lack of agricultural self-sufficiency, poverty, landlessness, and unemployment have been sought through settlement policies. Huge amounts of financial resources have been invested in Third World planned settlements, however, their performance has not been very encouraging. If not completely abandoned by settlers, the settlements gave officials, planners, and policy makers cause for serious concern. For the most part, settlements have been costly relative to the number of settlers. In many instances, agricultural productivity was low. I have presented comparative case studies of land settlement policies which examine the factors that accounted for the success or failure of resettlement projects. I examined the resettlement projects from the point of view of the settlers in relation to the objectives of the policy makers. This study reports the findings of case studies concerning Iraq, Somalia, Ethiopia, the United Republic of Tanzania, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Israel. A comparative analysis of land settlement policies in Third World nations with varying political, social, and economic conditions is presented. It will be shown that land settlement policies in Third World countries, by and large, failed to reach objectives and are not now viewed as viable options for land development.
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Gentry, Terry A. "Sustainable Development in the Third World: A New Paradigm?" PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4905.

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Over the past decade '"Sustainable Development" (SD) has emerged as the latest development catchphrase. A wide range of nongovernmental as well as governmental organizations have embraced it as the new paradigm of development. A review of the literature that has sprung up around the concept of SD indicates, however, a lack of consistency in its interpretation. More important, while the all-encompassing nature of the concept gives it political strength, its current formulation by the mainstream of SD thinking contains significant weaknesses. These include an incomplete perception of the problems of poverty and environmental degradation, and confusion about the role of economic growth and about the concept of sustainability. The purpose of this study was to identify common elements in a political economy of the environment, relating environmental change to the dynamics of ideology and policy, and at different levels of political complexity. The intention was to provide a structural analysis of the environment in which the development process illuminates environmental change at both a philosophical and material level. The problem in achieving SD was related to the overriding structures of the international economic system, which have arisen out of the exploitation of environmental resources, and which frequently operate as constraints on the achievement of long-term sustainable practices. Insufficient accounting of ecological aspects of economic growth and development has resulted from intellectual traditions, where solutions are formulated, point in different directions. Conclusions are drawn that SD involves trade-offs between biological, economic and social systems and is found in the interactive zone between these systems. There are a number of international factors that may be necessary, but insufficient, conditions for SD on a national level, including peace, debt reduction, and more propitious terms of trade. There was seen dilemmas relating to SD, including the role of growth as the unquestioned objective of economic policy.
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徐少珊 and Siu Shan Remy Chui. "Reading 'Third World' women's autobiography." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222547.

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Kaapanda, Mekondjo. "Double consciousness and the third world tradition in international law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607692.

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Madani, Hamed. "Socioeconomic Development and Military Policy Consequences of Third World Military and Civilian Regimes, 1965-1985." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277872/.

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This study attempts to address the performance of military and civilian regimes in promoting socioeconomic development and providing military policy resources in the Third World. Using pooled cross-sectional time series analysis, three models of socioeconomic and military policy performance are estimated for 66 countries in the Third World for the period 1965-1985. These models include the progressive, corporate self-interest, and conditional. The results indicate that socioeconomic and military resource policies are not significantly affected by military control. Specifically, neither progressive nor corporate self-interest models are supported by Third World data. In addition, the conditional model is not confirmed by the data. Thus, a simple distinction between military and civilian regimes is not useful in understanding the consequences of military rule.
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Meikle, Frances Sheilah. "Aid funded human settlement projects : the case of Egypt 1974 -1982." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307553.

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Fischer, Andrew Martin. "Banking on the edge : towards an open ended interpretation of informal finance in the Third World." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68088.

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This thesis proposes an original framework for the analysis of third world informal finance. It will be supported by a comprehensive survey of the associated literature. Specifically, most mainstream interpretations of informal finance adhere to a dualist paradigm that revolves around three key assumptions. First that informal firms are less efficient than formal firms in conducting financial transactions, second that their activities are protected from formal competition due to segmented financial markets, and finally that the economic impact of informal finance is inferior to an overall formal system. Yet much of the qualitative evidence of informal finance contradict these assumptions and limit the validity of dualist interpretations. The dualist conclusion that informal finance is a transitory phenomenon can therefore be derailed, leaving room for a more open ended interpretation of contemporary financial informality.
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Tusalem, Rollin F. "Reformulating world-system theory : third world participation in the world polity as an attempt to combat global inequality." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260631.

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The end of bi-polarity in the world stage ushered in a period of hegemonic power decline and the sudden emergence of peripheral empowerment. This research undertaking attempts to reformulate World System theory, an antiquated theoretical perspective based on the periphery's economic dependence on core nation-states and the resultant exploitative relationship that occurs. Current events indicate that there are multiple demands of redress and restitution made by emancipated peripheral states. Such demands are increasingly addressed and heeded to in world conferences and various international organizations since 1989 and will be measured as absolute gains. A drastic change is also observed in the structure and function of both international governmental organizations (IGOs) and international-non governmental organizations (1NGOs) from being corecentric institutional bodies to supranational, authoritative entities which now have the capacity to promote rational progress through third world advocacy. Such changes are attributed both to the multi-polarity of the world stage and the cultural construction of rational progress. The new reformulation will discover that world- level socialism is not attainable. Rather, the only solution to weaken global stratification is the continued participation of peripheral states in worlBall State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
Department of Political Science
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Iyogun, Amanele Fidelia. "Opportunities for third world industrialization : dependency theory and the newly industrializing countries." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42006.

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This study is an exploration of dependency theory and the Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs). The issues which are addressed are threefold: 1. An exploration of dependency theory, especially the variant of it that is advocated by Frank, Amin and Wallerstein. These authors have constantly maintained that growth is not possible in the Third World as long as the region is integrated into the world capitalist economy. The NICs, particularly Taiwan and South Korea are testimonies that that assumption is not entirely valid because they are incorporated and have also witnessed impressive economic growth. 2. An examination of the debate over the character of the NICs. An analysis of Taiwan and South Korea shows that they have experienced considerable economic growth. However, there is limited transformation in the standard of life of the citizens. 3. The factors that are responsible for the economic growth of Taiwan and South Korea are hypothesized. These factors are both external and internal to these countries. They are (a) a strongly polarized international ideological atmosphere which made these countries client states of the United States of America, (b) an inflow of massive aid from the U.S to these states and (c) the presence of a strong state apparatus in these countries. The state institutions combined internal creativity with the opportunities provided by the international scene to initiate and implement good strategies for their industrial transformation. The lessons other Third World countries can learn from Taiwan and South Korea is that East and West rivalry can create opportunities for strategic countries in the region of conflict. But the internal dynamics of the countries have to be responsible for seizing the chance and for utilizing it well.
Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Third world; Developing countries"

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Ryrie, William. First World, Third World. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995.

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Clapham, Christopher S. Third world politics: An introduction. London: Routledge, 1988.

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Clapham, Christopher S. Third World politics: An introduction. London: Croom Helm, 1985.

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Third World politics: An introduction. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

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Gereffi, Gary. Global production systems and Third World development. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin, 1993.

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Arnold, Guy. The end of the Third World. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.

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Arnold, Guy. The end of the Third World. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993.

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Dictionary of Third World terms. London: I.B. Tauris, 1992.

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Dictionary of Third World terms. London, England: Penguin Books, 1993.

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Third World Foundation (Great Britain). Third world quarterly: Islam and politics. London: Third World Foundation for Social and Economic Studies, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Third world; Developing countries"

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Hawkridge, David, John Jaworski, and Harry McMahon. "Are Computers Needed in Developing Countries?" In Computers in Third-World Schools, 3–14. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20793-0_1.

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Hawkridge, David, John Jaworski, and Harry McMahon. "Do Schools in Developing Countries Need Computers?" In Computers in Third-World Schools, 15–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20793-0_2.

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Bird, Graham. "Private Bank Lending to Developing Countries." In Commercial Bank Lending and Third-World Debt, 1–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10831-2_1.

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Praussello, Franco. "Globalization and Incomplete Technology Transfer to Developing Countries." In Globalization and the Third World, 200–216. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502567_12.

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Dagnino, Renato. "The Emergence of Military Industry in the Third World." In World Peace and the Developing Countries, 235–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18417-0_22.

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Lastres, Helena M. M. "The Advanced Materials Revolution: Effects on Third World Development." In New Generic Technologies in Developing Countries, 68–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25836-9_4.

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Nijkamp, Peter, and Hans Opschoor. "Urban Environmental Sustainability: Critical Issues and Policy Measures in a Third-World Context." In Regional Science in Developing Countries, 52–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25459-0_5.

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Bird, Graham. "Commercial Bank Provisioning against Claims on Developing Countries." In Commercial Bank Lending and Third-World Debt, 49–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10831-2_3.

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Anderson, Tim. "Globalization and Agricultural Trade: the Market Access and Food Security Dilemmas of Developing Countries." In Globalization and the Third World, 251–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502567_15.

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Bird, Graham. "The Future of Bank Lending to Developing Countries: The Debt Overhang and Market Access." In Commercial Bank Lending and Third-World Debt, 115–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10831-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Third world; Developing countries"

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Kumar, Sachin, and Saibal K. Pal. "Empirically developed integrated ICT framework for PDS in developing countries." In 2013 Third World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wict.2013.7113141.

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Vertatova, Eva. "Architecture of Roman Catholic Cathedrals and Basilicas in Developing Countries." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0159.

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<p>This article reflects the forms and shapes of the Roman Catholic cathedrals built in the 20th and 21st century in the Third World countries and the approach to its ideal design. Selected examples from the different developing countries all over the world are expounded on the background of the interference of the former colonizers countries architecture (e.g. Sacred Hearts Cathedral, Casablanca, Morocco), inspiration from the traditional architecture and materials (e.g. Basilica of Uganda Martyrs, Namugongo, Uganda), creating the own style (e.g. St. Paul’s Cathedral, Abidjan, Côte D’Ivoire) or following world trends (e.g. Sacred Heart Cathedral, Kericho, Kenya). The question of the life cycle of the architecture, its subsequently costs and well considered choice of the proper material as well as the shape and resulting form is discussed.</p>
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Bal, Oğuz. "The Developing Countries External Debt and Growth Issues and Example of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01645.

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Today; country economies are dealt with from a global perspective. International capital, and technological developing, had accelerated the flow of factors also. This case demonstrates the international economic interdependence. In industrialized countries after the Second World War, while exports of industrial products increased by busy; In 1970's years, the oil crisis shocks had been lived. In the 1980s, in the world debt problems emerged. In the 1990s, world economy, has become multi-polar world with together globalization, and in order to the crisis by IMF and World Bank were began effective interventions, in the 2000s there has been a global crisis together with debt crises. The economic problem is a basic reason of the main of all crises. These crises are occurring frequently in emerging markets such as Turkey. For Turkey the real economy to financial fragility adversely affects and therefore the Current Account Balance / GNP status is important. This problem cited above, were discussed in five parts in the article. In the first part; In the case of Turkey was discussed; in general, the increase causes in imports were discussed. In the second chapter; increase in exports and imports coverage rate was examined. In the third chapter, the growth phenomena of dependent to import was discussed. In the fourth chapter; borrowing requirements, growth and debt relations were discussed. In the fifth chapter, conclusions and recommendations took place. The method used; the deductive method. CBT, Treasury data, World Bank data, Turkey Statistical Institute data were used.
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Wohlgemuth, Alex, Sandip Mazumder, and Dale Andreatta. "Computational Heat Transfer Analysis and Design of Third-World Cookstoves." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88013.

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In many developing countries, natural gas, wood, or biomass fired cookstoves find prolific usage. These cookstoves are constructed without paying much too attention to their thermal efficiency. In this study, a computational heat transfer analysis of a generic third-world cookstove is conducted with the goal to understand the effect of various operating conditions and geometric parameters on the overall heat transfer characteristics and thermal efficiency. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, including turbulence and heat transfer by all three modes, was first created. The model was first validated against experimental data, also collected as part of this study. Unknown parameters in the model were calibrated to better match experimental observations. It is generally believed that placing a skirt around the stove and cook-pot enhances thermal efficiency. The model was explored to study the effects several skirt-related parameters. These include the vertical position of the skirt, the width of the gap between the skirt and the cook-pot, and the thermal conductivity of the skirt (insulating vs. conducting material). It was found that the skirt must either be made out of an insulating material or insulated on the outer surface for it to provide maximum benefits. It was also found that it must be placed at an optimum distance away from the cook-pot for maximum thermal efficiency.
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Madmarov, Nurbek, and Metin Bayrak. "Determinants of Maternal Mortality Rate in The Kyrgyz Republic Regions." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02001.

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Population is an important factor in development of a country. As a constraint, not only the size of the population is important but also its quality in the development process. Women’s health is considered all over the world and the data about this aspect is published by the World Health Organization annually. Among others maternal mortality rate is one of the major problems affecting women’s health and population. Everyday 830 women die due to the problems related to pregnancy and childbirth in the world. While this number is relatively lower in the developed countries, it is higher in the underdeveloped and developing countries. In addition, the maternal mortality rate in the Caucasus and Central Asia ranks in the worst third in the world. In the Kyrgyz Republic, this rate is 82.083333 per 10000 live births which is the worst in the region. Therefore, it is among one of the countries where the maternal mortality should be reduced in the framework of the Millennium Development Goals. In this study, the determinants of maternal mortality rate are analyzed in the Kyrgyz Republic regions during 2000-2015 by using static panel data methods fixed effects and random effects. The findings show that there are significant decreasing effects of GDP, number of assistant physicians, births by skilled staff, improved sanitation facilities, and gender wage equality, there are significant increasing effects of health expenditures, medical facilities, and poverty among women on the maternal mortality.
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Vanderbilt, Timothy P. "Water Problem Solutions for Developing Countries." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)251.

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Calderon, Humberto, Milenka Balboa, and Sthephan Caba. "Postgraduate Schools in Developing Countries." In 2018 World Engineering Education Forum - Global Engineering Deans Council (WEEF-GEDC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/weef-gedc.2018.8629734.

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Vallee, Glenn E. "Implementation of Multi-Year Product Innovation Projects." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36443.

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A methodology and case study detailing the implementation of multi-year product innovation projects is presented. A product called the Waterboy, an inexpensive water purification system designed for under developed countries, was developed by three different groups of students over a span of two years. The initial concept was first developed by a six member entrepreneurial team composed of senior level business and engineering students enrolled in a one semester Product Innovation and Development course. This team was responsible assessing the market need, determining product requirements and developing a limited functionality prototype capable of demonstrating the intended product function. A second team consisting of two Mechanical Engineering students continued the project as their one semester Senior Capstone Design project and was charged with the task of developing a fully functional prototype capable of purifying contaminated water. A third student completed the project as a one semester senior level Design Projects course and was charged with the task of modifying the previous design to minimize cost, facilitate ease manufacture and reduced assembly and distribution costs. In the Fall of 2010, the entrepreneurial team conducted interviews with health professionals and performed research involving a number of world health and philanthropic organizations. They identified the need for an improved water purification device which could purify enough water for a family of four in a reasonable amount of time and at a cost which would make it accessible to people in underdeveloped countries who are at risk of dying from the consumption of contaminated drinking water. They developed a bicycle driven system which used an ultraviolet germicidal bulb to purify water. The team developed a prototype which demonstrated the basic function of the device which was estimated to cost about $80. The project was continued in the Fall of 2011 by the second team of Mechanical Engineering seniors who refined the purification system and function of the device while simplifying the design, resulting in an estimated cost of $49 per unit. The team built and tested a fully functional prototype which confirmed it was capable of reducing water borne bacteria by a factor of 1000. The project was then completed in the Fall of 2012 by a Senior Mechanical Engineering Student who further reduced the cost of the design and improved its portability in order to reduce distribution costs. A partnership with Goodwill Industries was formed to utilize their recycled materials and inexpensive labor force, which reduced the product cost about $24.
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Macias, E., and A. Ponce. "Photovoltaic Solar Energy in Developing Countries." In 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcpec.2006.279638.

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Ijabadeniyi, O., and F. O. Omoya. "Safety of small–scale food fermentations in developing countries." In 13th World Congress of Food Science & Technology. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/iufost:20060993.

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Reports on the topic "Third world; Developing countries"

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Pritchett, Lant, and Martina Viarengo. Learning Outcomes in Developing Countries: Four Hard Lessons from PISA-D. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/069.

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The learning crisis in developing countries is increasingly acknowledged (World Bank, 2018). The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include goals and targets for universal learning and the World Bank has adopted a goal of eliminating learning poverty. We use student level PISA-D results for seven countries (Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, Senegal, and Zambia) to examine inequality in learning outcomes at the global, country, and student level for public school students. We examine learning inequality using five dimensions of potential social disadvantage measured in PISA: sex, rurality, home language, immigrant status, and socio-economic status (SES)—using the PISA measure of ESCS (Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) to measure SES. We document four important facts. First, with the exception of Ecuador, less than a third of the advantaged (male, urban, native, home speakers of the language of instruction) and ESCS elite (plus 2 standard deviations above the mean) children enrolled in public schools in PISA-D countries reach the SDG minimal target of PISA level 2 or higher in mathematics (with similarly low levels for reading and science). Even if learning differentials of enrolled students along all five dimensions of disadvantage were eliminated, the vast majority of children in these countries would not reach the SDG minimum targets. Second, the inequality in learning outcomes of the in-school children who were assessed by the PISA by household ESCS is mostly smaller in these less developed countries than in OECD or high-performing non-OECD countries. If the PISA-D countries had the same relationship of learning to ESCS as Denmark (as an example of a typical OECD country) or Vietnam (a high-performing developing country) their enrolled ESCS disadvantaged children would do worse, not better, than they actually do. Third, the disadvantages in learning outcomes along four characteristics: sex, rurality, home language, and being an immigrant country are absolutely large, but still small compared to the enormous gap between the advantaged, ESCS average students, and the SDG minimums. Given the massive global inequalities, remediating within-country inequalities in learning, while undoubtedly important for equity and justice, leads to only modest gains towards the SDG targets. Fourth, even including both public and private school students, there are strikingly few children in PISA-D countries at high levels of performance. The absolute number of children at PISA level 4 or above (reached by roughly 30 percent of OECD children) in the low performing PISA-D countries is less than a few thousand individuals, sometimes only a few hundred—in some subjects and countries just double or single digits. These four hard lessons from PISA-D reinforce the need to address global equity by “raising the floor” and targeting low learning levels (Crouch and Rolleston, 2017; Crouch, Rolleston, and Gustafsson, 2020). As Vietnam and other recent successes show, this can be done in developing country settings if education systems align around learning to improve the effectiveness of the teaching and learning processes to improve early learning of foundational skills.
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Al-Khalisi, Abrahim. Comparative Analysis of Resettlement Policies in Third World Countries. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6493.

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Frankel, Jeffrey, David Parsley, and Shang-Jin Wei. Slow Passthrough Around the World: A New Import for Developing Countries? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11199.

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Bovy, Joseph J. Filling the Gaps: New Information Sources for Operational Commanders in Third World Countries. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401139.

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Rao, K. B. Dissemination of information in the earth sciences to exploration geoscientists in Third World countries: a case history from India. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193954.

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Chauvin, Juan Pablo, Annabelle Fowler, and Nicolás Herrera L. The Younger Age Profile of COVID-19 Deaths in Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002879.

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This paper examines why a larger share of COVID-19 deaths occurs among young and middle-aged adults in developing countries than in high-income countries. Using novel data at the country, city, and patient levels, we investigate the drivers of this gap in terms of the key components of the standard Susceptible-Infected-Recovered framework. We obtain three main results. First, we show that the COVID-19 mortality age gap is not explained by younger susceptible populations in developing countries. Second, we provide indirect evidence that higher infection rates play a role, showing that variables linked to faster COVID-19 spread such as residential crowding and labor informality are correlated with younger mortality age profiles across cities. Third, we show that lower recovery rates in developing countries account for nearly all of the higher death shares among young adults, and for almost half of the higher death shares among middle-aged adults. Our evidence suggests that lower recovery rates in developing countries are driven by a higher prevalence of preexisting conditions that have been linked to more severe COVID-19 complications, and by more limited access to hospitals and intensive care units in some countries.
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Herrera Dappe, Matías, Tomás Serebrisky, and Ancor Suárez-Alemán. On the Historical Relationship between Port (In)Efficiency and Transport Costs in the Developing World. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003326.

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Do differences in port performance explain differences in maritime transport costs? How much would improvements in port performance reduce maritime transport costs in developing countries? To answer this question, we use a widely used transport cost model, but we provide a new measure of port efficiency, estimated through a non-parametric approach. Relying on data from the early 2000s, this paper shows that for a sample of 115 container ports in 39 developing countries, becoming as efficient as the country with the most efficient port sector would reduce average maritime transport costs by 5 percent. For the most inefficient country, the reduction in transport costs could reach 15 percent. These findings point out the potential gains that can be achieved from the combination of betterquality investment and more efficient service provision in the port sector. The estimates in this paper cannot be updated because the databases were discontinued and it therefore highlights the need to generate data to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies that are key to competitiveness.
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Baloch, Imdad, Tom Kaye, Saalim Koomar, and Chris McBurnie. Pakistan Topic Brief: Providing Distance Learning to Hard-to-reach Children. EdTech Hub, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0026.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in mass school closures across the world. It is expected that the closures in low- and -middle-income countries (LMICs) will have long-term negative consequences on education and also on broader development outcomes. Countries face a number of obstacles to effectively delivering alternative forms of education. Obstacles include limited experience in facing such challenges, limited teacher digital and pedagogical capacity, and infrastructure constraints related to power and connectivity. Furthermore, inequalities in learning outcomes are expected to widen within LMICs due to the challenges of implementing alternative modes of education in remote, rural or marginalised communities. It is expected that the most marginalised children will feel the most substantial negative impacts on their learning outcomes. Educational technology (EdTech) has been identified as a possible solution to address the acute impact of school closures through its potential to provide distance education. In this light, the DFID Pakistan team requested the EdTech Hub develop a topic brief exploring the use of EdTech to support distance learning in Pakistan. Specifically, the team requested the brief explore ways to provide distance education to children in remote rural areas and urban slums. The DFID team also requested that the EdTech Hub explore the different needs of those who have previously been to school in comparison to those who have never enrolled, with reference to EdTech solutions. In order to address these questions, this brief begins with an overview of the Pakistan education landscape. The second section of the brief explores how four modes of alternative education — TV, interactive radio instruction, mobile phones and online learning — can be used to provide alternative education to marginalised groups in Pakistan. Multimodal distance-learning approaches offer the best means of providing education to heterogeneous, hard-to-reach groups. Identifying various tools that can be deployed to meet the needs of specific population segments is an important part of developing a robust distance-learning approach. With this in mind, this section highlights examples of tools that could be used in Pakistan to support a multimodal approach that reaches the most hard-to-reach learners. The third and final section synthesises the article’s findings, presenting recommendations to inform Pakistan’s COVID-19 education response.<br> <br> This topic brief is available on Google Docs.
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Griffin, Andrew, Sean Griffin, Kristofer Lasko, Megan Maloney, S. Blundell, Michael Collins, and Nicole Wayant. Evaluation of automated feature extraction algorithms using high-resolution satellite imagery across a rural-urban gradient in two unique cities in developing countries. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40182.

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Feature extraction algorithms are routinely leveraged to extract building footprints and road networks into vector format. When used in conjunction with high resolution remotely sensed imagery, machine learning enables the automation of such feature extraction workflows. However, many of the feature extraction algorithms currently available have not been thoroughly evaluated in a scientific manner within complex terrain such as the cities of developing countries. This report details the performance of three automated feature extraction (AFE) datasets: Ecopia, Tier 1, and Tier 2, at extracting building footprints and roads from high resolution satellite imagery as compared to manual digitization of the same areas. To avoid environmental bias, this assessment was done in two different regions of the world: Maracay, Venezuela and Niamey, Niger. High, medium, and low urban density sites are compared between regions. We quantify the accuracy of the data and time needed to correct the three AFE datasets against hand digitized reference data across ninety tiles in each city, selected by stratified random sampling. Within each tile, the reference data was compared against the three AFE datasets, both before and after analyst editing, using the accuracy assessment metrics of Intersection over Union and F1 Score for buildings and roads, as well as Average Path Length Similarity (APLS) to measure road network connectivity. It was found that of the three AFE tested, the Ecopia data most frequently outperformed the other AFE in accuracy and reduced the time needed for editing.
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Idris, Iffat. LGBT Rights and Inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.067.

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This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from international development agencies/NGOs), academic literature, and media reports. While the information on the legal situation of LGBT people in SIDS was readily available, there was far less evidence on approaches/programmes to promote LGBT rights/inclusion in these countries. However, the review did find a number of reports with recommendations for international development cooperation generally on LGBT issues. Denial of LGBT rights and discrimination against LGBT people is found to varying extents in all parts of the world. It is important that LGBT people have protection in law, in particular the right to have same-sex sexual relations; protection from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; and the right to gender identity/expression. Such rights are also provided for under international human rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while the Sustainable Development Goals are based on the principle of ‘leave no one behind'.
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