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Shea, Peter. "Thirteen Reasons Why." Thinking: The Journal of Philosophy for Children 20, no. 3 (2014): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/thinking2014203/41.
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Robinson, Kathy. "Thirteen Reasons Why." Journal of Physician Assistant Education 30, no. 2 (June 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jpa.0000000000000248.
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Meunier, Christophe. "« Thirteen Reasons Why »." Géographie et cultures, no. 111 (September 1, 2019): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.12567.
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Bromann, Katrina. "Thirteen Reasons Why (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 61, no. 3 (2007): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2007.0740.
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Bates, Gordon David Lyle. "Narrative Matters: Suicide – Thirteen Reasons Why." Child and Adolescent Mental Health 24, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/camh.12307.
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Jacobson, Sansea L. "Thirteen reasons to be concerned about 13 Reasons Why." Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter 33, no. 6 (May 23, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbl.30220.
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Woo, Seung-jeung. "Rumor and its subversion in Thirteen Reasons Why." Modern Studies in English Language & Literature 63, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17754/mesk.63.1.111.
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Saragih, Ance Elsy. "THE TRANSLATION OF PHRASAL VERBS IN THIRTEEN REASONS WHY." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 4, no. 1 (June 12, 2020): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v4i1.2307.
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The form of a phrasal verb may be the same but they bear different meanings in accordance with the context of situation. The dynamics of language also influence the change of phrasal verb meanings. This paper presents the problems faced by the translator in translating several phrasal verbs in the novel Thirteen Reasons Why by applying the theory of Ghazala in which it is stated that phrasal verbs are linked with the lexical problems and stylistics. Lexical problems coccur when a word, a phrase or an expression is not understood clearly and directly, misunderstood, not known at all to translators, or not found in standard dictionaries, while stylistic problems, righty seen as a part of meaning strongly affect the style of source language posing problems for the translator as the styles of the ST and TT could not be easily adjusted to similarity. The data in the forms of phrasal verbs are taken from the source language and in the target language, supported by the descriptive qualitative method. The results of show that the problems in translating the phrasal verbs in the novel lie in lexical words (literal meaning, synonymy, polysemy, and idiom) and stylistics (formality and informality of language)
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Afangka, Alda Dwi, and Purwarno Purwarno. "JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN JAY ASHER’S NOVEL THIRTEEN REASONS WHY." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE 3, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jol.v3i1.3713.
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This study is aimed at analyzing juvenile delinquency in Jay Asher’s novel, Thirteen Reasons Why, published in 2007. Further, the analysis is focused on the forms of juvenile delinquency covering bullying, drinking alcohol, having free sex, and having sexual harrasment done by the characters of the novel named Hannah Baker, Bryce Walker, Justin Foley, Alex Standall, Jessica Davis, Courtney Crimsen, Marcus Cooley, and Bryce Walker. This research is conducted to reveal the forms of juvenile delinquency conducted by the main characters in the novel. This study is qualitatively carried out. In this study, the researchers apply the theory of juvenile delinquency proposed by Santrock, supported by that proposed by Kartono referring to a variety of behavior of children and adolescents which the society does not approve and for which some kind of admonishment, punishment, or preventive and corrective measures are justified in the public interest. The research results show that the forms of juvenile delinquency: bullying, drinking alcohol, having free sex, and having sexual harassment are vividly reflected and clearly done by the main characters in the novel.
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우승정. "The Banality of Evil’: Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher." Studies in English Language & Literature 45, no. 2 (May 2019): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21559/aellk.2019.45.2.006.
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Mueller, Anna S. "Why Thirteen Reasons Why may elicit suicidal ideation in some viewers, but help others." Social Science & Medicine 232 (July 2019): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.014.
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Rothkopf, Michael H. "Thirteen Reasons Why the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves Process Is Not Practical." Operations Research 55, no. 2 (April 2007): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.1070.0384.
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Letort, Delphine. "13 Reasons Why the Rape Myth Survives." Girlhood Studies 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2019.120203.
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The controversies triggered by the Netflix adaptation of Jay Asher’s young adult novel Thirteen Reasons Why (2007) have focused on suicide and downplayed discussions of rape as a central plot device. Making use of stereotypical characters (such as the cheerleader and the jock) and archetypal setting (including the high school), 13 Reasons Why delves into the reassuring world of the suburban town; it deals ambiguously with the entwined notions of gender and power encapsulated in the teenpic genre. A detailed analysis of the series indeed reveals that its causative narrative reinforces the rape myth by putting the blame on girls for events that happen to them. In this article I explore the tensions of a TV series that endorses the rape myth through the entertaining frame of the teenpic.
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Chisholm, James, and Bethany Keller. "Making Connections during Transactional Discussions: Adolescents' Empathic Responses to Thirteen Reasons Why." ALAN Review 42, no. 1 (October 10, 2014): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/alan.v42i1.a.3.
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Rosa, Gabriel Santana da, Gustavo Santos Andrades, Arthur Caye, Maria Paz Hidalgo, Melissa Alves Braga de Oliveira, and Luísa K. Pilz. "Thirteen Reasons Why: The impact of suicide portrayal on adolescents’ mental health." Journal of Psychiatric Research 108 (January 2019): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.10.018.
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Febrita, Jeantriani, and Eka Margianti Sagimin. "Self-Destructive Behavior Analysis of Hannah Baker in The Thirteen Reasons Why Novel." Jurnal DinamikA 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/dinamika.v1i2.16-32.
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This study investigates Self-Destructive Behavior of Hannah Baker in Thirteen Reasons Why novel, conducted in qualitative approach analysis of self-destructive behavior of the main character and what reasons or the causes of it through the narratives in the Thirteen Reasons Why novel. The goal of the study is to analyze how self-destructive behavior impacted the main character, Hannah Baker which is described using the theory of Self-Destructive Behavior and Defense Mechanisms by Sigmund Freud (1966). The result of this study shows that Hannah Baker developed the self-destructive behavior as a defense mechanisms from herself that triggered by trauma from the past. It started with the non-suicidal self-destructive behavior but soon turns into the suicidal self-destructive behavior. This study also shows how a suicide can really be an impact of the behavior that happens in the novel resulted from a non-suicidal self-destructive behavior that is not handled well, and all the mistreatments that the main character felt which produce the desire for ending her life.Keywords: Self-Defense Mechanism, Self-Destructive Behavior, Sigmund Freud, Suicide, Thirteen Reasons Why.
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Grant, Morgan, Hala El-Agha, Thuy-Tien Ho, and Shobal Johnson. "Commentary: Thirteen Reasons Why: The Impact of Suicide Portrayal on Adolescents’ Mental Health." Journal of Mental Health & Clinical Psychology 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2578-2959/2020/2.1193.
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Ayuningtyas Putri Pratiwi and Yeny Prastiwi. "THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF ALEX STANDALL ON THE DEATH OF HANNAH BAKER ON NETFLIX'S THIRTEEN REASONS WHY (2017)." Dialectical Literature and Educational Journal 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51714/dlejpancasakti.v5i2.32.pp.53-58.
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This study aims to determine the psychological impact experienced by Alex Standall on the death of Hannah Baker, presented in the Thirteen Reasons Why series adaptation of the novel of the same title by Jay Asher. This study is a qualitative research. The data source used is the TV-series Thirteen Reasons Why first season. The data collection technique is from analyzing the series. The theory used in this study is the psychology of literature. The results of this study are as follows: first, the initial factors that triggered Alex Standall to do bad things to Hannah Baker. Second, the psychological condition of Alex Standall after making a mistake about Hannah Baker. Third, the guilty towards Hannah Baker that caused Alex Standall finally decided to end his life.
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Trites, Roberta Seelinger. "Growth in Adolescent Literature: Metaphors, Scripts, and Cognitive Narratology." International Research in Children's Literature 5, no. 1 (July 2012): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2012.0044.
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Cognitive narratology provides a way to explore discourse as the product of embodied beings as it simultaneously affects those embodied beings. Cognitive narratology specifically investigates how embodiment influences both the author's discursive creation of story and its subsequent meaning-making as a function of the reader's cognition. This essay explores three aspects of cognitive narratology pertinent to adolescent literature: metaphor, scripts, and blending – all of which are biologically and culturally situated cognitive processes. The essay first examines embodied theories of character growth within the field of adolescent literature before moving to a close reading of Jay Asher's Thirteen Reasons Why to illustrate the relationships between embodied metaphors, scripts, and blending. Thirteen Reasons Why demonstrates how the process of blending allows authors to fuse embodied metaphors and scripts into new narratives about adolescent growth. At stake are interpretive strategies that recognise adolescent embodiment within the culturally-defined discourses of adolescent literature.
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Richardson, Margaret E., and Donald J. Burden. "Second Molar Extraction in the Treatment of Lower Premolar Crowding." British Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 4 (November 1992): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.19.4.299.
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Thirty-four children with lower premolar crowding were treated by extraction of second molars. Thirteen cases had mechanical lower arch treatment started not less than 6 months after extractions. The remainder had no treatment in the lower arch. The change in premolar crowding was measured, and the reasons why spontaneous alignment occurred in some cases and not in others were examined.
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Moqbel Al-Dahmashi, Eman. "Integrating Vermeer’s Skopos Theory into Newmark’s Strategies for Exploring Cultural Problems in Subtitles: A Case Study of the American series Thirteen Reasons Why." Arab World English Journal, no. 266 (December 15, 2020): 1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/th.266.
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The present study explored some basic cultural problems that translators face during subtitling audiovisual texts, particularly TV series from English into Arabic. The study also provided functional analysis of the solutions occasionally chosen by professional Netflix subtitlers to overcome those cultural problems. The study aimed at showing whether the strategies frequently chosen by the subtitler to deal with particular problematic cultural features were equally successful in achieving functional adequacy in the TT. The researcher integrated Vermeer’s functionally based Skopos theory into Newmark's translation procedures to provide a descriptive functional analysis of 44 examples taken from the American series, Thirteen Reasons Why. The content-analysis led to two main findings. The first was related to the most frequent strategies used to render the intended skopos (functions) of the source cultural features; paraphrase being the highest in use since it was used 18 times out of 44. The second finding was that the rate of frequency of strategies chosen correlated strictly with the rate of functional adequacy of these strategies. Paraphrase achieved its intended functions adequately in 15 out of 18 examples.
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Moodie, Crawford, Anne Marie MacKintosh, James F. Thrasher, Ann McNeill, and Sara Hitchman. "Use of Cigarettes With Flavor-Changing Capsules Among Smokers in the United Kingdom: An Online Survey." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 11 (August 24, 2018): 1547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty173.
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Abstract Introduction Cigarettes with flavor-changing capsules in the filter have experienced phenomenal global growth in the last decade. We explore sociodemographic and smoking-related factors associated with using capsule cigarettes, how frequently users burst the capsule, and reasons for using them. Methods An online survey was conducted in the United Kingdom between April and May 2016 with 6234 factory-made and/or hand-rolled cigarette smokers. This analysis focuses on 3620 factory-made cigarette smokers, aged 18 years and over, who had smoked in the past month. Results Thirteen percent smoked capsule cigarettes, with younger smokers more likely than older smokers to do so. Capsule use was significantly more common among White non-British than White British and among those planning to quit in the next 6 months than those not planning to quit. Most capsule users who crushed the capsule did so always (51%) or most of the time (18%), with more frequent crushing of capsules more common among females, younger and middle-aged participants, White British, and those with a lower score on the Heaviness of Smoking Index. The most common reasons for using capsule cigarettes were that they taste better (52%), are smoother (41%), provide a choice of flavors (32%), and the enjoyment of clicking the capsule (25%). Capsule and noncapsule smokers did not differ significantly in their perceptions of the harmfulness of their brand relative to other brands. Conclusions Our study provides an insight into how and why smokers of capsule cigarettes use these products, with the key drivers of use being taste, flavor choice, and interactivity. Implications Cigarettes with capsules in the filter that can be burst to change the flavor have experienced remarkable growth since being introduced in 2007, but little is known about how and why smokers use these products. Thirteen percent of factory-made cigarette smokers in our sample smoked a brand with a capsule in the filter, with approximately two-thirds crushing the capsule all or most of the time. Capsule use was more likely among younger participants. The main reasons for smoking capsule cigarettes were related to how they taste, having a choice of flavors, and enjoyment of clicking the capsule (interactivity).
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De Fino, Melissa. "Book Review: Are Libraries Obsolete? An Argument for Relevance in the Digital Age." Library Resources & Technical Services 59, no. 1 (January 23, 2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.59n1.54.
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In 2001, a legislator told Mark Herring “everything was on the Internet, so why did our students need a new, big library building?” (7). Herring responded by publishing a brief and highly popular list, “10 Reasons Why the Internet is No Substitute for a Library.”1 Six years later, Herring transformed that list into a book, Fool’s Gold: Why the Internet is No Substitute for a Library (McFarland 2007). Both the list and book outline in passionate detail Herring’s view that the Internet’s many flaws make it inferior to the library. “Not everything is on the Internet” writes Herring, and “quality control doesn’t exist. . . . The Internet is ubiquitous but books are portable.”2 His latest book, Are Libraries Obsolete? An Argument for Relevance in the Digital Age, revisits points made in his earlier works. Thirteen years after Herring’s original list was published, has the Internet made the library obsolete? Herring says no.
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Pandian, Vinciya, Sarah E. Boisen, Shifali Mathews, and Therese Cole. "Are Fenestrated Tracheostomy Tubes Still Valuable?" American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 28, no. 3 (August 9, 2019): 1019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_ajslp-18-0187.
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Purpose The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the frequency, indications, and outcomes of fenestrated tracheostomy tube use in a large academic institution. Method A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the use of fenestrated tracheostomy tubes between 2007 and 2017. Patients were included in the study if they were ≥ 18 years of age and received a fenestrated tracheostomy tube in the recent 10-year period. Results Of 2,000 patients who received a tracheostomy, 15 patients had a fenestrated tracheostomy tube; however, only 5 patients received a fenestrated tracheostomy tube at the study institution. The primary reason why the 15 patients received a tracheostomy was chronic respiratory failure (73%); other reasons included airway obstruction (20%) and airway protection (7%). Thirteen (87%) patients received a fenestrated tracheostomy tube for phonation purposes. The remaining 2 patients received it as a step to weaning. Of the 13 patients who received a fenestrated tracheostomy tube for phonation, only 1 patient was not able to phonate. Nine (60%) patients developed some type of complications: granulation only, 2 (13.3%); granulation and tracheomalacia, 2 (13.3%); granulation and stenosis, 4 (26.7%); and granulation, tracheomalacia, and stenosis, 1 (6.7%). Conclusions Fenestrated tracheostomy tubes may assist with phonation in patients who cannot tolerate a 1-way speaking valve; however, the risk of developing granulation tissue, tracheomalacia, and tracheal stenosis exists. Health care providers should be educated on the safe use of a fenestrated tracheostomy tube and other options available to improve phonation while ensuring patient safety.
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Mohr, Barbara, and Annette Vogt. "German Women Paleobotanists From the 1920S to the 1970S—Or Why Did This Story Start So Late?" Earth Sciences History 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 14–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.20.1.q7643x2308728m56.
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This study documents women paleobotanists and their achievements from the late 1920s to the early 1970s in Germany. More than forty women were involved in paleobotanical research and related fields during this period. After they had finished their degrees, about two thirds of them left the field for private, political, and/or economic reasons. Several of them, however, had a successful career or were even leaders in their field. Compared with other disciplines and neighbouring countries, the unusually late entry of women students into this discipline from the 1930s on is explained by the close affiliation of the discipline with Paleozoic geology and mining in Germany before 1945. It is significant that of the thirteen women who finished a degree in the field before 1945, about two thirds studied Quaternary pollen analysis and vegetation history. Only a minority was involved in pre-Quaternary paleobotany. After World War II, the number of women scientists increased noticeably only when Tertiary palynology/paleobotany became more important sub-disciplines of paleobotany, a pattern which was similar in both parts of the newly divided country. During the period between 1945 and 1955, the number of women students in West Germany was significantly higher than in the East. This is partly explained by the policies of the East German communist party, which put restrictions on women students from a middle-class background. Between 1955 and 1973 the number of women students in East Germany exceeded those in the West. This was due to the East German party policy of activating the female working force, especially in fields which had been traditionally occupied by men, such as geology, mining, and engineering.
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Puig-Peiro, Ruth, Anne Mason, Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz, Adrian Towse, Clare McGrath, and Bengt Jonsson. "RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS IN BREAST CANCER TREATMENT: A HEALTH PRODUCTION APPROACH." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 31, no. 6 (2015): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462315000720.
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Background: Pharmaceuticals’ relative effectiveness has come to the fore in the policy arena, reflecting the need to understand how relative efficacy (what can work) translates into added benefit in routine clinical use (what does work). European payers and licensing authorities assess value for money and post-launch benefit–risk profiles, and efforts to standardize assessments of relative effectiveness across the European Union (EU) are under way. However, the ways that relative effectiveness differs across EU healthcare settings are poorly understood.Methods: To understand which factors influence differences in relative effectiveness, we developed an analytical framework that treats the healthcare system as a health production function. Using evidence on breast cancer from England, Spain, and Sweden as a case study, we investigated the reasons why the relative effectiveness of a new drug might vary across healthcare systems. Evidence was identified from a literature review and national clinical guidance.Results: The review included thirteen international studies and thirty country-specific studies. Cross-country differences in population age structure, deprivation, and educational attainment were consistently associated with variation in outcomes. Screening intensity appeared to drive differences in survival, although the impact on mortality was unclear.Conclusions: The way efficacy translates into relative effectiveness across health systems is likely to be influenced by a range of complex and interrelated factors. These factors could inform government and payer policy decisions on ways to optimize relative effectiveness, and help increase understanding of the potential transferability of data on relative effectiveness from one health system to another.
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Kasahara, Toshihiko, Akira Miyauchi, Yasuhiro Ito, Takumi Kudo, Hiroo Masuoka, Takuya Higashiyama, Mitsuru Ito, Minoru Kihara, and Akihiro Miya. "Tumor Volume Kinetic Analyses Might Explain Excellent Prognoses in Young Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma." Journal of Thyroid Research 2020 (July 18, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4652767.
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Introduction. Young patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) generally have excellent prognoses despite their often-advanced disease status. The reasons for this excellent prognosis are poorly understood. Objective. To investigate the natural history of PTC in young patients, we compared the observed tumor volume-doubling rate (TV-DR) with the hypothetical tumor volume-doubling rate (hTV-DR) before presentation in young PTC patients. DR is an inverse of the doubling time and indicates the number of doublings that occur in a unit of time. A negative value indicates the number of times the volume is reduced by half per unit time. Methods. We enrolled 20 patients with the following characteristics: age ≤19 years, diagnosed with PTC according to the cytology results between 2013 and 2018 and followed-up with periodical ultrasound examinations for ≥3 months before surgery for various reasons. Seventeen patients later underwent surgery confirming the diagnosis. We calculated TV-DRs using serial measurements of tumor diameters after presentation and hTV-DRs using tumor diameters and patients’ age at presentation, assuming that a single cancer cell was present at the patient’s birth and that the tumor grew at a constant rate. These values indicate the lowest growth rates necessary for a single cancer cell to achieve the full tumor size at presentation. Results. Thirteen patients had positive TV-DRs (/year) ranging from 0.09 to 1.89, indicating tumor growth, and the remaining seven patients had negative values (−0.08 to −1.21), indicating regression. The median TV-DR was 0.29. The hTV-DRs (1.48–2.66, median 1.71) were significantly larger than the TV-DRs (p<0.001), indicating much faster growth before presentation. Conclusions. These data suggest that deceleration of tumor growth had already occurred at presentation in the majority of the cases. This might explain why disease-specific survival is excellent despite frequent findings of advanced disease in young patients with PTC.
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Vargas Solís, María Antonieta, and Carolina Álvarez Fuentes. "La necesidad de un curso de evaluación adaptado al Bachillerato en Educación Primaria con Concentración en Inglés en la Universidad de Costa Rica." Actualidades Investigativas en Educación 20, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/aie.v20i2.41647.
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Between the years 2014 and 2015 researchers started to work as supervisors in the teaching practicum. From that point on, every year they noticed that the student-teachers struggle regarding how to assess English at the elementary school level. Since students from the Bachelor “Elementary Education with a minor in English” already take an evaluation course, researching the reasons for that weakness was key to better support our students. That is why this article presents the results of the qualitative research carried out in 2016 aiming to explore the need for designing an evaluation course taught in English and tailored to the students enrolled in the Bachelor “Elementary Education with a minor in English” at the University of Costa Rica, Western Campus. Through the use of an exploratory and phenomenological design, the researchers interviewed thirteen student-teachers, nine former students from this bachelor, an experienced elementary school teacher, and two authorities from the Ministry of Public Education of Costa Rica (MEP) to obtain their perspectives about the course ED0196 “Evaluation of the Learning Process in Early Childhood and Primary Education.” Also, the syllabus of the course was analyzed based on what students must know to assess a foreign language. Data showed that although students learn about many instruments and assessment criteria, many of them are not tailored to assess English as a Foreign Language but other core subjects. Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that the course ED0196 does not meet the needs of these students, and therefore, the university needs to design a course specifically tailored for them.
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Drey, Nicholas, Dinah Gould, Edward Purssell, Jane Chudleigh, Donna Moralejo, Rose Gallagher, Annette Jeanes, Neil Wigglesworth, and Didier Pittet. "Applying thematic synthesis to interpretation and commentary in epidemiological studies: identifying what contributes to successful interventions to promote hand hygiene in patient care." BMJ Quality & Safety 29, no. 9 (February 4, 2020): 756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-009833.
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ObjectivesHand hygiene is considered the most important preventive measure for healthcare-associated infections, but adherence is suboptimal. We previously undertook a Cochrane Review that demonstrated that interventions to improve adherence are moderately effective. Impact varied between organisations and sites with the same intervention and implementation approaches. This study seeks to explore these differences.MethodsA thematic synthesis was applied to the original authors’ interpretation and commentary that offered explanations of how hand hygiene interventions exerted their effects and suggested reasons why success varied. The synthesis used a published Cochrane Review followed by three-stage synthesis.ResultsTwenty-one papers were reviewed: 11 randomised, 1 non-randomised and 9 interrupted time series studies. Thirteen descriptive themes were identified. They reflected a range of factors perceived to influence effectiveness. Descriptive themes were synthesised into three analytical themes: methodological explanations for failure or success (eg, Hawthorne effect) and two related themes that address issues with implementing hand hygiene interventions: successful implementation needs leadership and cooperation throughout the organisation (eg, visible managerial support) and understanding the context and aligning the intervention with it drives implementation (eg, embedding the intervention into wider patient safety initiatives).ConclusionsThe analytical themes help to explain the original authors’ perceptions of the degree to which interventions were effective and suggested new directions for research: exploring ways to avoid the Hawthorne effect; exploring the impact of components of multimodal interventions; the use of theoretical frameworks for behaviour change; potential to embed interventions into wider patient safety initiatives; adaptations to demonstrate sustainability; and the development of systematic approaches to implementation. Our findings corroborate studies exploring the success or failure of other clinical interventions: context and leadership are important.
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OCKENDON, JOHN. "Thirteen years in the cockpit." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 14, no. 1 (February 2003): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792503005096.
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It is a great pleasure for me to be asked to write this valedictory message to mark the end of my founding editorship of the European Journal of Applied Mathematics. I am tempted to follow in the discursive footsteps of one of the great founding editors, G. K. Batchelor, of the Journal of Fluid Mechanics fame. However, in accordance with our abiding efforts to keep EJAM crisp and concise, I will simply give you an ‘executive summary’ of my thoughts on what makes an applied mathematics journal successful:There must be an integration of different styles. Applied mathematics means different things to different people around the world, and it is all too easy for one part of the culture to ignore another on the grounds of being too theoretical, too numerical or too practical. Editors must try to break down these barriers, none more than the board of EJAM, where we have always tried to give equal weight to theory and application. But even (or especially?) within Europe, this balance sometimes appears as hard to achieve as agreement about the euro.All submissions must be read carefully by at least one editor, in addition to the referees. This is the surest way of minimizing the chances of mistaken rejection (or acceptance) and it is often vital when issues of ‘style’ arise. The reading can be painful for all concerned and I will long remember the following splendid riposte from an anguished author “I see you have eaten the referee's poisoned worm: bon appetit!”.Along with the personal touch, there must be just the right degree of continuity with which authors can readily identify. Any editorial board striving to promote a particular intellectual policy will invariably have a degree of commonality of interests, and hence a continuity of theme. But this brings the danger of tunnel vision. To balance this, there is a need for a regular and imaginative turnover of board members, and this is an activity with which Cambridge University Press has been most helpful over the years.Last, but by no means least, is the mandatory requirement that there be an understanding and unfailingly cheerful editorial assistant. This is another respect in which CUP's enlightened attitude has benefited several of their journals, and our authors and editors alike have strong reasons to be thankful to Angela Howard. We are delighted that she will stay on for a few years at least.
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Hannigan, Gale Gabrielle. "Identifying Relevant Controlled Clinical Trials for Systematic Reviews Requires Searching Multiple Resources – and, Even Then, Comprehensiveness is Questionable." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, no. 4 (December 8, 2006): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8s88p.
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A review of:
Crumley, Ellen T., Wiebe, Natasha, Cramer, Kristie, Klassen, Terry P., Hartling, Lisa. “Which resources should be used to identify RCT/CCTs for systematic reviews: a systematic review.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 5:24 (2005) doi:10.1186/1471-2288-5-24 (available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/5/24.
Objective – To determine the value of searching different resources to identify relevant controlled clinical trial reports for systematic reviews.
Design – Systematic review.
Methods – Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) were searched to April 2004;four journals (Health Information & Libraries Journal - formerly Health Libraries Review, Hypothesis, Journal of the Medical Library Association - formerly Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, Medical Reference Services Quarterly were handsearched from 1990 to 2004; all abstracts of the Cochrane Colloquia (1993-2003) were handsearched; key authors were contacted and relevant article references screened. Two reviewers independently screened results for studies that compared two or more resources to find RCTs or CCTs using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two reviewers assessed studies for quality using four criteria: adequate descriptions of what the search was attempting to identify, the methods used to search, the reference standard; and, evidence that bias was avoided in selection of relevant studies. Screening and assessment differences between reviewers were resolved through discussion. Using a standard form, one investigator extracted data for each study, such as study design, results (e.g., recall, precision); a second investigator checked these data. Authors were contacted to provide missing data. Results were grouped by resources compared and these comparisons were summarized using medians and ranges. Search strategies were categorized as Complex (using a combination of types of search terms), Cochrane (the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy or HSSS), Simple (using five or fewer search terms which may include a combination of MeSH, Publication Type, keywords), and Index (using one or two terms to check/verify if the study is in the database).1
Main results – Sixty-four studies met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Four major comparisons were: MEDLINE vs. handsearch (n=22), MEDLINE vs. MEDLINE + handsearch (n=12), MEDLINE vs. other reference standard (n=18), and EMBASE vs. reference standard (n=13). Thirteen other comparisons had only one or two studies each. The most common comparison was between MEDLINE vs. Handsearching. Data analyzed from 23 studies and 22 unique topic comparisons showed a 58% median for search recall (range=7-97%). Data for search precision based on 12 studies and 11 unique topic comparisons indicated a median of 31% (range=0.03-78%). Data based on more than four comparisons, shows no median recall more than 75% (range=18-90%) and no median precision more than 40% (range=13-83%). Recall was higher for Trial Registries vs. Reference Standard (89%, range=84-95%) but these numbers were based on two studies and four comparisons; one study with two comparisons measured precision (range=96-97%) for Trial Registries vs Reference Standard. Subgroup analyses indicate that Complex and Cochrane searches each achieve better recall and precision compared to Simple searches. Forty-two studies reported reasons why searches miss relevant studies. The reason cited most often for electronic databases was inadequate or inappropriate indexing.
Conclusion – The results of this systematic review indicate that no one resource results in particularly high recall or precision when searchers look for RCTs and CCTs.
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Thapa, Rita, Hom Bahadur Rijal, Masanori Shukuya, and Hikaru Imagawa. "Study on Winter Indoor Thermal Environment of Temporary Shelters Built in Nepal After Massive Earthquake 2015." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 16, 2020): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32217.
Full textAbstract:
Natural disasters and wars are main reasons that force people to leave their homes and consequently require urgent needs including temporary shelters. After massive earthquake 2015, thousands of Nepalese who lost their home were doomed to live in temporary shelters, mostly self-built by using zinc/tarpaulin sheets which can hardly provide sufficient thermal comfort. We need to analyze the thermal characteristics of the temporary shelters for creating a better environment for their own sake. Thus, this study tries to evaluate the winter indoor thermal environment of different types of local materials used for insulation in these investigated shelters. The indoor and outdoor thermal environment was measured by digital data loggers at the 10-minute intervals for winter in thirteen different shaped shelters in main three earthquake affected districts: Gorkha, Sindhupalchowk and Lalitpur. The mean indoor and mean outdoor air temperatures were found 12.3°C and 10.1°C. The total heat loss coefficient estimated in thirteen shelters ranges from 74.8 to 325.9 W/K and their specific values with respect to the ranges from 8.1 to 20.4 W/ (m2.K). These values are very large in comparison to those in ordinary houses; this is the major reason of low indoor air temperature especially during nighttime. This suggests that some insulating materials need to be added or replaced with the materials used for the improvement for better indoor thermal environment.
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Lasek, Piotr. "Private castles of Polish commanders during the Thirteen Years War." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 296, no. 2 (July 5, 2017): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134963.
Full textAbstract:
In the second half of the fifteenth century there was a dynamic development in firearms. Improvements were made both to the artillery and firearms, as well as to the technique of using this type of weapon. In Central Europe, the war between the Kingdom of Poland and the Confederation of Prussian states with the Teutonic Or�der, known as the Thirteen Years War, served as a training ground for the development of firearms. The use of fire�arms and artillery in this conflict, during both field battles and, above all, during the numerous sieges of cities and castles, draws closer attention to the influence that these struggles have had on the defensive architecture of the Kingdom of Poland. This article analyses the defences of the headquarters of the most important Polish military commanders (such as Piotr Szamotulski, Piotr Dunin, Paweł Jasieński), created during the war and immediately after the war. The study demonstrated that the experiences of the Thirteen Years War were not fully exploited by its most important combatants on the Polish side. The majority of Polish noblemen (who were jointly commanders of mercenaries, state armies or mass levées) in the formulation or reconstruction of their headquarters emphasised prestige, so these often appear archaic from the military point of view, but with a representative form – the residen�tial tower. Perhaps the reasons were economic considerations, or the belief that large military forces with strong artillery made small concentrations of resistance futile, so it was not worth investing in their excessive fortification. Only in the architecture of Peter Dunin’s castle in Ujazd are there visible attempts at the modernization of its de�fences, however, alongside the simultaneous development of the residential and representative zone.
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Bafna, Kunaal R., Richard Jordan, David Yatsonsky, Steven Dick, Jiayong Liu, and Nabil A. Ebraheim. "Revision of Syndesmosis Screw Fixation." Foot & Ankle Specialist 13, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640019843328.
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Background: Many syndesmosis screw fixations do not achieve success at the first attempt. Currently, there are no data available to evaluate revision of syndesmosis screw failure. Methods: A total of 160 consecutive patients who underwent syndesmosis screw fixation from 2014 to 2016 were reviewed. The current study focuses on 13 of 160 patients who underwent revision surgery and analyzes reasons, methods, and outcomes of syndesmotic screw revisions. Results: Thirteen out of 160 patients had revision surgeries. Incidence of recurrent diastasis was 92.3%. Seven out of 19 screws had broken. Two patients had screw loosening, 9 patients underwent early weightbearing, 1 patient developed osteomyelitis, 1 patient developed osteoarthritis, and 1 patient had fibular nonunion. Eleven patients underwent removal, 3 patients underwent clamp reduction, and 4 patients underwent fibular osteotomy. Six patients experienced good reduction with 0/10 pain, 3 patients experienced good reduction with some pain, 1 patient experienced poor reduction; 1 patient developed osteomyelitis and subsequent 7/10 pain; 1 patient underwent fusion with 5/10 pain, and 1 patient experienced medial malleolar mal-union with 3/10 pain. Conclusion: It was found that the main reason for syndesmosis revision was reoccurring diastasis. Most patients ultimately experienced good reduction and were able to ambulate, despite some residual pain. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Case series
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Hilgers, Thomas W. "The Identification of Postovulation Infertility with the Measurement of Early Luteal Phase (Peak Day +3) Progesterone Production." Linacre Quarterly 87, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0024363919885551.
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This study reports on 632 cycles from 105 women who were using the CREIGHTON MODEL Fertility Care™ System to avoid pregnancy and had either a serious reason to avoid pregnancy or some degree of a lack of confidence. A progesterone level was drawn on the third day after the Peak Day as they were charting, and if the progesterone level was 2.3 ng/mL or greater, then ovulation was determined to have passed. If the level was greater than 3.0 ng/mL, this indicated that an absolute period of infertility had begun. In these cases, no pregnancies were observed. In the 27 cycles in which a specific follow-up relative to pregnancy could not be definitively determined, the progesterone levels in all cases were 2.3 ng/mL or greater with 23 of the 27 cycles being 3.1 ng/mL or greater. It is highly unlikely that any of those became pregnant as well. These cycles were collected over thirteen years (2004–2016). Two case presentations are also a part of this article of two families in which the couples had very serious reasons to avoid pregnancy. In these two couples, each of the women was multi-gravid and had no evidence of subfertility or infertility. They used the family planning progesterone level (the Peak Day +3 progesterone level) for a total of 167 cycles over a number of years successfully without a subsequent pregnancy. Summary: This article presents a thirteen-year effort to evaluate the serum progesterone level on the third day after the Peak Day as observed by women charting the CREIGHTON MODEL Fertility Care™ System. It is known that the Peak Day is associated with ovulation, and if the progesterone reaches a certain level, then an absolute period of infertility should follow. In fact, this is what this study reflects.
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Martin, John Hilary. "The Four Senses of Scripture: Lessons from the Thirteenth Century." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 2, no. 1 (February 1989): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x8900200106.
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There is much in medieval hermeneutics that can be conveniently forgotten. But medieval exegesis did allow a sense of theme and unity to come to the fore. The existence of a list of texts, even if it is a changing list, is what is of significance: it stands as an indication that there was a body of opinion, fairly widely shared, which thought that these texts were dealing with common religious themes. Hidden under the letter, so to speak, there was a point of view which was present to the consciousness of authors writing in that living tradition. The existence of these shared religious themes and symbolic values was the very reason why these authors had taken up their pens. When approaching Scripture medieval exegetes assumed that they would be able to find common themes among the types and symbols which constantly reappeared in the sacred text.
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Schabel, Chris. "Gerald Odonis on the Plurality of Worlds." Vivarium 47, no. 2 (2009): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853409x428159.
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AbstractPierre Duhem and Eugenio Randi have investigated the later-medieval history of the problem of whether the existence of more than one world is possible, determining that Aristotle's denial of that possibility was rejected on theological grounds in the second half of the thirteenth century, but it was Nicole Oresme in the mid-fourteenth century who gave the strongest philosophical arguments against the Peripatetic stance, opting instead for Plato's position. For different reasons, neither Duhem nor Randi was able to examine Gerald Odonis' question on the subject. In this text, edited here, Odonis also opposes Aristotle for philosophical reasons and sides explicitly with Plato. Was Oresme aware of Odonis' opinion?
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Messina, Anthony J., Quentin E. O'Brien, Vasily Andrianov, Keren R. Moss, Laura Vidal, and Liat Vidal-Fisher. "Under Reporting of Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) Clinical Trials." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 4754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128741.
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Introduction Improvements in overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL) are clinically relevant outcomes that should guide clinical decision-making. Patients with MPNs can live with their disease for a long period of time, which increases the importance of understanding the impact of treatment in regards to a patients' Health-Related QoL. Therefore, including PROs in clinical trials has become paramount in facilitating informed treatment decisions made by health care providers and patients. Furthermore, the FDA encourages the implementation of patient-centric measures in clinical trials. Objective We aimed to evaluate the frequency at which PRO measures are utilized as study endpoints and are made publicly available when trial results are published. Methods A review was conducted to characterize studies that have evaluated PRO in patients undergoing treatment for myeloproliferative neoplasms. We searched Citeline® Trialtrove database, a registry of clinical trials, for randomized clinical trials including patients with all myeloproliferative neoplasms, initiated between the years 2006-2016, utilizing at least 1 PRO. We excluded trials that evaluated supportive care and studies with no publications. For included trials, we recorded the following data: indication, treatment and comparator, clinical development phase, endpoints, trial sponsorship, and type of scale or questionnaire used for PRO endpoint. We then identified all available publications associated with the trial, and recorded type of publication (abstract or full text), year, number of randomized patients, and reported outcomes. Results Thirty-five MPN trials were obtained through our search. Trials included patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), primary myelofibrosis, and mastocytosis. Of these 35 trials, 16 were excluded; two studies were classified as supportive care, three studies did not have a publication or were terminated without results, and 11 studies did not have at least one PRO. 19 trials (19/30; 63%) included at least one PRO assessment as an endpoint and were included in the analysis. Among these 19 trials, the commonly used PRO assessments were EQ-5D, EORTC-QLQ C30, Total Symptom Score (TSS), FACT-Leu, FACT-G, MPN-SAF, and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Three of the 19 trials (15.8%) utilized at least one PRO as a primary endpoint. Among the 19 trials, thirteen (68.4%) were sponsored by industry, three (15.8%) were sponsored by industry-academic collaborations, and three (15.8%) were sponsored solely by academic institutions. 12 studies (63.2%) reported PRO results within their publications. Six studies (31.6%) reported PRO data within their initial publication. Nine of the19 trials (47.4%) included a comprehensive report of PRO data within their publications, while three (15.8%) only partially reported PRO data. Of the 12 trials with published PRO data, four of 12 (33.3%) reported the PRO more than six months after the initial full publication. Most of the included trials focused on disease control outcome and overall survival benefit was not shown. Conclusions: Despite a growing emphasis on QoL and the inclusion of PROs in oncology clinical trials, a significant number of the observed MPN randomized trials did not include a PRO measure. Of those trials that included a PRO measurement, many lacked the comprehensive reporting needed to inform the assessment of clinical benefit and respective decisions. Early and timely reporting of PRO data should be valued, especially in this indication; however, the publication of PRO data along with other critical trial endpoints was not seen in many of the initial trial reports. The collection of PRO data should result in routine, timely, and appropriate reporting as part of the trial outcome publication, to allow for a thorough assessment of investigational clinically relevant treatment effects. If the primary trial publication does not include the PRO results, there should be a reference or acknowledgment to the impending PRO publication. Future research in this field may evaluate the reasons why PROs are not implemented more often in clinical trials and what causal factors have influenced the under-reporting of PRO data in trial publications. Table Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Acharya, Subrata Kumar. "Kings, Brāhmaṇas and Collective Land Grants in Early Medieval Odisha." Indian Historical Review 45, no. 1 (June 2018): 24–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983617747997.
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Collective land grants to the brāhmaṇas by the ruling authorities were a common feature in early medieval India. It was the usual practice to specify the number of brāhmaṇas receiving land, along with their personal names, gotras, Vedic affiliations and respective shares. But there are examples where these details are not furnished. Besides, there are quite a large number of instances where the brāhmaṇas of a single family received land grants collectively. The number of recipients varied and sometimes several thousands were given land grants in the same locality. There are a number of reasons why the brāhmaṇas were granted land collectively. Scholars like R.S. Sharma and B.P. Mazumdar, who have worked on this aspect and mostly examined the North Indian inscriptions, marshaled their own arguments. While the former situated them in the context of agrarian expansion and tribal acculturation, the latter viewed them largely as strategic moves of the kings for defending the frontiers of their kingdoms. In the present article an attempt has been made to review all the collective land grants of early medieval Odisha and explore the possible reasons for land donations to the brāhmaṇas collectively. The period roughly covers from the fourth to fifth century CE to the twelfth to thirteenth century CE.
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Axelrod, Jenna, Laura Mosqueda, Gali H. Weissberger, Annie L. Nguyen, Patricia A. Boyle, Emanuil Parunakian, and S. Duke Han. "Frailty and Perceived Financial Exploitation: Findings from the Finance, Cognition, and Health in Elders Study." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 6 (January 2020): 233372142097107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721420971073.
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Objective: Many older adults who are cognitively intact experience financial exploitation (FE), and the reasons for this are poorly understood. Methods: Data were gathered from 37 older adults ( M age = 69.51, M education = 15.89, 62% female) from the Finance, Cognition, and Health in Elders Study (FINCHES). Twenty-four older adults who self-reported FE were demographically-matched according to age, education, race, and MoCA performance to thirteen older adults who denied experiencing FE. Participants completed the Tilburg Frailty Inventory. Results: FE participants reported greater total frailty ( t = 2.06, p = .04) when compared to non-FE participants. Post-hoc analyses revealed that FE participants endorsed greater physical frailty ( U = 89, p = .03), specifically poorer sensory functioning (hearing and vision). Discussion: Findings suggest frailty is associated with FE in old age and may represent a target for intervention programs for the financial wellbeing of older adults.
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Kassavou, Aikaterini, and Stephen Sutton. "Reasons for non-adherence to cardiometabolic medications, and acceptability of an interactive voice response intervention in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes in primary care: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e015597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015597.
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ObjectivesThis study explored the reasons for patients’ non-adherence to cardiometabolic medications, and tested the acceptability of the interactive voice response (IVR) as a way to address these reasons, and support patients, between primary care consultations.Design, method, participants and settingThe study included face-to-face interviews with 19 patients with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus, selected from primary care databases, and presumed to be non-adherent. Thirteen of these patients pretested elements of the IVR intervention few months later, using a think-aloud protocol. Five practice nurses were interviewed. Data were analysed using multiperspective, and longitudinalthematic analysis.ResultsNegative beliefs about taking medications, the complexity of prescribed medication regimens, and the limited ability to cope with the underlying affective state, within challenging contexts, were mentioned as important reasons for non-adherence. Nurses reported time constraints to address each patient’s different reasons for non-adherence, and limited efficacy to support patients, between primary care consultations. Patients gave positive experiential feedback about the IVR messages as a way to support them take their medicines, and provided recommendations for intervention content and delivery mode. Specifically, they liked the voice delivering the messages and the voice recognition software. For intervention content, they preferred messages that were tailored, and included messages with ‘information about health consequences’, ‘action plans’, or simple reminders for performing the behaviour.ConclusionsPatients with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes, and practice nurses, suggested messages tailored to each patient’s reasons for non-adherence. Participants recommended IVR as an acceptable platform to support adherence to cardiometabolic medications between primary care consultations. Future studies could usefully test the acceptability, and feasibility, of tailored IVR interventions to support medication adherence, as an adjunct to primary care.
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OLDERVOLL, LINE M., JON H. LOGE, HANNE PALTIEL, MAY B. ASP, UNNI VIDVEI, MARIANNE J. HJERMSTAD, and STEIN KAASA. "Are palliative cancer patients willing and able to participate in a physical exercise program?" Palliative and Supportive Care 3, no. 4 (December 2005): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951505050443.
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Objective: The primary aim of the present article was to identify palliative care patient populations who are willing to participate in and able to complete a group exercise/physical training program designed specifically for the individual patient.Method: We conducted a prospective phase II intervention study examining the willingness and ability of palliative care cancer patients to participate in a group exercise physical training program. Patients who were diagnosed with incurable cancer and had a life expectancy of less than 1 year at two outpatient clinics were invited to participate in an exercise program in the hospitals. The groups met twice a week over a 6-week period.Results: One hundred one consecutive patients were asked for inclusion. Sixty-three patients agreed to participate. Sixteen (25%) of the 63 patients dropped out after consent was given, but before the program started due to medical problems, social reasons, or death. Thus, 47 patients started the exercise program. Thirteen patients withdrew during the program due to sudden death, medical problems, or social reasons. The most frequent reasons for withdrawal were increased pain or other symptoms. Thirty-four patients completed the exercise program.Significance of results: A high proportion of incurable cancer patients were willing to participate (63%) in a structured exercise program. The attrition rate was high, but despite being severely ill, 54% of the patients completed the exercise period. This shows that a physical exercise program tailored to the individual patient is feasible in this population.
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FOREY, A. J. "THE PAPACY AND THE COMMUTATION OF CRUSADING VOWS FROM ONE AREA OF CONFLICT TO ANOTHER (1095–C. 1300)." Traditio 73 (2018): 43–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2018.4.
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The practice of diverting crusaders from one area of conflict to another can be traced back at least as far as the beginning of the twelfth century. Commuting of vows in this way was early recognized to be a papal prerogative and usually involved crusaders who had originally vowed to go to the Holy Land. In the twelfth century commutations occurred on only a few occasions, when steps were taken to divert crusaders to the Iberian Peninsula when it was under serious threat. Commutations became much more frequent in the first half of the thirteenth century and were used to provide manpower against Christians as well as infidels. At that time popes often took the initiative: Gregory IX was anxious to provide help for the Latin Empire of Constantinople and Innocent IV and his successors needed assistance against the Hohenstaufen. The papacy did not, however, coerce crusaders, and many refused to commute their vows. Criticism of commuting was voiced, although the redeeming of vows for money attracted greater opprobrium. Commuting became less common in the closing decades of the thirteenth century, but the reasons for this decline are not explained in the sources and can only be conjectured.
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Peterson, Janine Larmon. "The Politics of Sanctity in Thirteenth-Century Ferrara." Traditio 63 (2008): 307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900002178.
Full textAbstract:
The conferral of sainthood was no light matter in the late Middle Ages. An increasing emphasis on the papacy's right to discern between “authentic” and “false” sanctity meant that while many men and women were locally venerated as saints, few were officially recognized to have formally achieved this pinnacle of holiness. Out of the hundreds of new saints that emerged between 1198 and 1431, only thirty-five individuals were canonized.' Part of the reason for the dearth of holy men and women created by papal mandate in this period was the intrusion of political concerns, which had a tremendous impact on who attained the status of “saint.” Spiritual merit, as evidenced by moral virtues and attested miracles, was only one aspect of the medieval canonization process. Another integral facet was compliance with papal ends; in other words, successful candidates often were supported by communities willing to submit to papal wishes.” Thus when official recognition of sanctity occurred, it came at the cost of not only religious but also political obedience to the papacy. Conversely, those towns whose loyalty to the pope was suspect often found their petitions for a canonization inquiry ignored. Habitually recalcitrant towns might even find their veneration of a putative saint actively opposed by papal agents such as inquisitors. These types of situations occasionally led to protracted battles in which the saint's followers refused to capitulate to authorities and cease venerating the person in question.
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Forey, A. J. "Western Converts to Islam (Later Eleventh to Later Fifteenth Centuries)." Traditio 68 (2013): 153–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900001653.
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The early expansion of Islam led in time to widespread conversions of Christians in conquered territories. In the later eleventh century, however, western Christendom was in turn launching offensives against Islam on several fronts. Territorial gains were made in various Mediterranean regions and, although by the end of the thirteenth century the Holy Land had been lost again, Sicily remained in Christian hands, and in the second half of the thirteenth century in the Iberian peninsula only Granada remained under Muslim control: the whole peninsula was under Christian rule before the end of the fifteenth century. This expansion was accompanied, especially in the thirteenth century, by attempts to convert Muslims and other non-Christians. Yet in the period from the late eleventh until the later fifteenth century some western Christians converted to Islam. The purpose of the present paper is to consider the situations that prompted the adoption of Islam, and the reasons for such conversions, although the evidence is usually insufficient to indicate exactly why a particular Christian became a Muslim: the preconceived ideas voiced in western sources about forced conversions can be misleading and, although a crude distinction might be made between conversions from conviction and those based on worldly considerations, motives did not necessarily always fit neatly into just one of these two categories. But obviously not all converts would have had an equal understanding of the nature of Islamic beliefs and practices. The response of western ecclesiastical and secular authorities to renegades will also be considered. Further conversions of Christian peoples who had already for centuries been living under Muslim rule will not be examined, but only the adoption of Islam by those whose origins lay in western Christian countries or who were normally resident in these, and by westerners whose lands were newly conquered by Muslim powers after the eleventh century; and the focus will be mainly, though not exclusively, on the crusader states and the Iberian peninsula.
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Gabaldón-Figueira, Juan C., Siham Salmen, Nubia Silva, Betania Mancilla, and Silvana Vielma. "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with malaria admitted to a hospital in Mérida, Venezuela." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 114, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trz112.
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Abstract Background Malaria is expanding rapidly across Venezuela, spreading outwards from traditional high transmission regions in the southeast of the country, but the lack of official data make it impossible to understand the reasons for this expansion and to estimate its real magnitude. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics driving the re-emergence of malaria in Mérida, a state in the west of Venezuela, where no cases have been reported since 2003, and also to study the clinical presentation of the disease in patients presenting with malaria. Methods Thirty-three patients who presented with anemia and fever and with a microscopic diagnosis of malaria were examined and interviewed. Data were collected in standardized forms and analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used to study differences among patients infected with different parasites. Results Twenty-two patients were from the Zulia state and eleven were from the Mérida state, mainly from the lowlands south of Lake Maracaibo. Six of these patients traveled to the Bolívar state between 2017 and 2019. Thirteen patients presented with the WHO criteria for severe malaria. Conclusions: Domestic migration to the southeast of Venezuela may have played an important role in the expansion of malaria in previously existing endemic areas of transmission and also in the increase in the number of cases of severe malaria.
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Mizuki, S., T. Kai, K. Mishima, H. Ikeuchi, and K. Oryoji. "AB0904 PERSISTENCE AND REASONS FOR DISCONTINUATION OF DENOSUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1755.3–1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.782.
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Background:Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, which inhibits osteoclast differentiation, activation and survival, not only increases bone mineral density but also inhibits the progression of bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)1-3). Therefore, denosumab have been preferably prescribed for patients with RA recently. The persistence with denosumab, which is administered subcutaneously once every 6 months, was reported higher than with oral bisphosphonates4), and in the prospective cohort studies, the persistence rate for one year was reported to be 82-95%5-6). However, there have been no report about the persistence in patients with RA treated with denosumab, moreover the reasons for discontinuation of denosumab.Objectives:The aims of this single center retrospective cohort study were 1) to assess the persistence with denosumab in a routine clinical setting and 2) to identify the reasons of discontinuation in patients with RA. And we also reviewed the clinical outcomes of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with RA during denosumab treatment.Methods:The present study is based on databases from our hospital, which include age, gender, date of injection of denosumab, as well as information on patients’ characteristics. Patients were included in this study when denosumab were newly started at our department during the period from June 1, 2013 and September 30, 2017. In this study, persistence was defined as patients with an interval between injections of no longer than 6 months plus 8 weeks. Patients were followed until censoring (death, transferring to another hospital) or the end of the study (August 3, 2018).We investigated reasons for the discontinuation of denosumab. Major reasons for the discontinuation of denosumab were classified as adverse event, anxiety over adverse events, patient’s transfer or request, doctor’s careless lack of refilling an injection, and other reason.We identified patients who had been diagnosed as osteonecrosis of the jaw, and demographic, pharmacological, and clinical data were collected from medical records.Results:One hundred and seventy-five patients were identified. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a slow decline of persistence after initiating denosumab therapy, dropping to 80.4 and 61.9 % after 1 and 2 years of follow-up. When analyzing the reason of discontinuation as adverse events, the persistence rate of denosumab was at 89.4, and 79.4% at 1, and 2 years of follow-up, respectively.During 2-year period, 72 patients discontinued denosumab. A total of 27 adverse events occurred, of which five events were osteonecrosis of the jaw. The other reasons for adverse event included death in four, fracture in three, and so on. Six patients discontinued due to anxiety over dental adverse event. Thirteen patients were in doctor’s careless lack of refilling an injectionAll five patients who were diagnosed as osteonecrosis of the jaw had received the treatment with prednisolone, and four were treated with biologic drugs. All patients stopped denosumab and switched to other drugs including teriparatide. All patients underwent surgical curettages of necrotic bone and cured.Conclusion:Persistence of denosumab in patients with RA is comparable to that in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Dental screening and care should be important to continue denosumab treatment.References:[1]Cohen SB.Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:1299–1309.[2]Takeuchi T.Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78:899–907.[3]Ebina K.Osteoporos Int. 2018;29:1627–1636.[4]Hadji P.Osteoporos Int. 2016;27:2967–2978.[5]Silverman SL.Arch Osteoporos. 2018;13:85. doi:10.1007/s11657-018-0491-z[6]Hadji P.Osteoporos Int. 2015;26:2479–2489.Disclosure of Interests:Shinichi Mizuki Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Asahi Kasei, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Ono, Tatsuya Kai: None declared, Koji Mishima: None declared, Hiroko Ikeuchi: None declared, Kensuke Oryoji: None declared
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Charlett, S. D., M. Aye, S. L. Atkin, and R. J. A. England. "Defining failure after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism: case series." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 4 (January 4, 2011): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110002562.
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AbstractObjective:To identify the cause of operative failure in patients who have undergone parathyroid surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.Design:Retrospective case review.Participants:Patients who had undergone a primary procedure for primary hyperparathyroidism between July 2003 and December 2007. Cases with incomplete post-operative serum calcium data were excluded.Main outcome measure:Operative failure was defined as failure to achieve normalisation of serum adjusted calcium levels post-operatively.Results:A total of 220 primary procedures were conducted over 4.5 years. Data were not available for 16 patients. Thirteen procedures (6.4 per cent) were considered failures, and these cases were individually reviewed and classified according to the reason for failure.Conclusion:Establishing the cause of failure following surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism can be a complex task. In some instances, diagnostic uncertainty remains despite detailed biochemical and radiological assessment. This paper outlines our approach to maximising the cure rate at primary surgery.
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Walker, Anthony R. "The first Lahu (Muhsur) Christians: A community in Northern Thailand." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2010.3650.
Full textAbstract:
Universiti Brunei DarussalamBetween 10 to 20 per cent of all the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Lahu people now subscribe to one or another version of the Christian religion.The largest proportion of present-day Lahu Christians inherited the genre of this Western religion propagated by American Baptist missionaries in the former Kengtung State of Burma (from 1901 to 1966), in Yunnan (from 1920 to 1949), and in North Thailand (from 1968 to 1990). For this reason, it is often thought that pioneer American Baptist among the Lahu, William Marcus Young (1861–1936), was the first to induct a representative of this people into the Christian faith.In fact this is not the case. The first Lahu Christians lived in North Thailand, baptised by long-time Chiang Mai-based American Presbyterian missionary, Daniel McGilvary. This was in 1891, thirteen years before Young’s first baptism of a Lahu in Kengtung, Burma, in October 1904.The paper addresses three questions. Why were Lahu living in upland North Thailand in the early 1890s? Why did one small Lahu community decide to embrace the Christian religion? Finally, why, in stark contrast to Baptist Christianity in the Lahu Mountains, did this fledgling Lahu Presbyterian community disappear, apparently without trace, sometime after 1920?
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Emmerson, Brett, Peggy Brown, Harvey Whiteford, Ness McVie, and Willem Kuipers. "Recruitment and Retention of Psychiatrists in Non-Metropolitan Public Positions in Queensland: Research on ‘Queensland Health's Response’." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 5 (October 1996): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609062663.
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Objective: To evaluate Queensland Health's recruitment campaign of 15 full-time psychiatrists to non-metropolitan areas between July 1992 and December 1993. Method: A detailed 170-item Likert-type questionnaire was designed and mailed to all 15 psychiatrists. Thirteen questionnaires were completed and followed-up by a face to face interview. Results: Findings indicate that most of those recruited were experienced senior specialists who came to the positions as result of personal contact and were attracted to non-metropolitan positions because of ‘lifestyle’ and ‘professional challenge’ variables. ‘Lifestyle’ and ‘professional’ variables were identified as major contributors to their retention. They reported that ‘bureaucracy’ and ‘social and family’ reasons would be the most likely cause of them considering leaving their current positions. Conclusions: While the recruitment campaign was evaluated as successful, some aspects were clearly more influential than others. It was noted that factors which were likely to influence psychiatrists to leave non-metropolitan public sector positions were more ‘public’ than ‘non-metropolitan’ in nature.