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Journal articles on the topic "Thos. W. Ward Ltd"
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Das, Basudeb, Asit Kumar Sur, and Saswati Mazumdar. "Design & Development of a Solar Powered, CCT changing R-B-W LED Based Artificial Window." Volume 26, Number 4, 2018, no. 04-2018 (December 2018): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2017-097.
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The concept of Artificial Window is being applied in indoor lighting design since couple of years and is easily available in market, but the main drawback of these artificial windows is their constant CCT (Correlated Colour Temperature) light output. The developed artificial window is a CCT changing system, which follows the preset pattern of daylight CCT throughout the day. It will very effective for those, who stay in a windowless room or a closed room. It is known that light not only has the visual effects but also has photobiological effects. A dynamic light is very helpful in well being, positive mood, increased concentration, alertness consequently increased productivity. The developed system is solar powered at daytime; this window is powered by the SPV module directly without using battery. A small battery is being charged simultaneously which powers the system at night time. The window is made using two types of coloured LEDs: Red and Blue and Warm White LED. The new concept of dynamic lighting provides a very wide CCT range from 2300 K to 10800 K.
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Hong Gam, Do, Duong Huong Huynh, Phan Thi Lan Anh, Nguyen Hoang Duong, and Do Thi Kim Hoa. "Evaluation of the effects of agricultural LED lighting on in vitro propagation of Cordyceps militaris (Link.) Fries." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17/3/15707.
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In this study, the effects of various agricultural LED lights (LED NN), including single red LED (R), single blue LED (B), and four combinations of blue, red, and warm white (W) LED (BR, BRW1, BRW2, BRW3) on the growth and development of C. militaris (Link.) Fries were evaluated in vitro. After 7 days, samples subjected to LED NN showed shorter sporocarp sprouting time and higher sprouting ratio than the control, which was subjected to T5 fluorescent light. After 2 months, LED lights with high red ratio, such as single red LED and LED BR, had suppressing effect on the growth and development of C. militaris (Link.) Fries. On the other hand, combinations of red, blue, and warm white such as LED BRW1, LED BRW2, and LED BRW3 had the positive impact on the growth and development of this fungus. Notably, samples subjected to LED BRW2 reached 5.79 cm in height, fresh biomass of 3.67 g/20 samples. Cordycepin and Adenosine levels were 64.2 and 6.37 mg/100 g fresh mass, respectively. All of studied indicators were the higher compared to those of the control and other LED lighting schemes. Therefore, it can be conlcuded that LED lighting combination with BRW2 ratio of 1:5:1 and luminous intensity of 45±2 µmol.m-2.s-1 (511,59 Lux) was suitable for the growth and development of C. militaris (Link.) Friesand a potential replacement of fluorescent light for C. militaris (Link.) Friesin vitro propagation.
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Baur, Florian, and Thomas Jüstel. "Warm-white LED with ultra high luminous efficacy due to sensitisation of Eu3+ photoluminescence by the uranyl moiety in K4(UO2)Eu2(Ge2O7)2." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 26 (2018): 6966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01970c.
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A warm-white LED with a CCT of 2700 K and a very high LE of 360 lm Wopt−1 was fabricated by use of K4(UO2)Eu2(Ge2O7)2 as the red emitter. A highly efficient uranyl to Eu3+ energy transfer is utilized for sensitisation. This is the first report of a Eu3+ activated phosphor being successfully employed on a blue emitting (In,Ga)N LED.
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Hillman, Angela R., Rebecca V. Vince, Lee Taylor, Lars McNaughton, Nigel Mitchell, and Jason Siegler. "Exercise-induced dehydration with and without environmental heat stress results in increased oxidative stress." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 5 (October 2011): 698–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-080.
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While in vitro work has revealed that dehydration and hyperthermia can elicit increased cellular and oxidative stress, in vivo research linking dehydration, hyperthermia, and oxidative stress is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise-induced dehydration with and without hyperthermia on oxidative stress. Seven healthy male, trained cyclists (power output (W) at lactate threshold (LT): 199 ± 19 W) completed 90 min of cycling exercise at 95% LT followed by a 5-km time trial (TT) in 4 trials: (i) euhydration in a warm environment (EU-W, control), (ii) dehydration in a warm environment (DE-W), (iii) euhydration in a thermoneutral environment (EU-T), and (iv) dehydration in a thermoneutral environment (DE-T) (W: 33.9 ± 0.9 °C; T: 23.0 ± 1.0 °C). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increased significantly postexercise in dehydration trials only (DE-W: p < 0.01, DE-T: p = 0.03), and while not significant, total glutathione (TGSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) tended to increase postexercise in dehydration trials (p = 0.08 for both). Monocyte heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) concentration was increased (p = 0.01) while lymphocyte HSP32 concentration was decreased for all trials (p = 0.02). Exercise-induced dehydration led to an increase in GSSG concentration while maintenance of euhydration attenuated these increases regardless of environmental condition. Additionally, we found evidence of increased cellular stress (measured via HSP) during all trials independent of hydration status and environment. Finally, both 90-min and 5-km TT performances were reduced during only the DE-W trial, likely a result of combined cellular stress, hyperthermia, and dehydration. These findings highlight the importance of fluid consumption during exercise to attenuate thermal and oxidative stress during prolonged exercise in the heat.
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Chen, Zikun, Bo Wang, Xiaoshuang Li, Dayu Huang, Hongyang Sun, and Qingguang Zeng. "Chromaticity-Tunable and Thermal Stable Phosphor-in-Glass Inorganic Color Converter for High Power Warm w-LEDs." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 21, 2018): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101792.
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In this work, an aluminate silicate garnet phosphor, Y2Mg2Al2Si2O12:Ce3+ (YMASG:Ce3+), exhibiting strong and broad yellow-orange emission, was successfully synthesized. Attributed to the double cation substitution of YAG:Ce3+, which led to a compression effect, a redshift was observed with respect to YAG:Ce3+. More importantly, a transparent phosphor-in-glass (PiG) sample was obtained by incorporating the phosphor YMASG:Ce3+ into a special low-melting precursor glass. The energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) mapping analysis of the as-prepared PiG sample indicates that YMASG:Ce3+ was successfully incorporated into the glass host, and its powders were uniformly distributed in glass. The photoluminescence intensity of the PiG sample was higher than that of the powder due to its relatively high thermal conductivity. Additionally, the combination of the PiG sample and a blue high-power chip generated a modular white LED with a luminous efficacy of 54.5 lm/W, a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5274 K, and a color rendering index (CRI) of 79.5 at 350 mA.
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Sokolowsky, G. Alexander, Eugene E. Clothiaux, Cory F. Baggett, Sukyoung Lee, Steven B. Feldstein, Edwin W. Eloranta, Maria P. Cadeddu, Nitin Bharadwaj, and Karen L. Johnson. "Contributions to the Surface Downwelling Longwave Irradiance during Arctic Winter at Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska." Journal of Climate 33, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 4555–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0876.1.
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AbstractIntrusions of warm, moist air into the Arctic during winter have emerged as important contributors to Arctic surface warming. Previous studies indicate that temperature, moisture, and hydrometeor enhancements during intrusions all make contributions to surface warming via emission of radiation down to the surface. Here, datasets from instrumentation at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement User Facility in Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow) for the six months from November through April for the six winter seasons of 2013/14–2018/19 were used to quantify the atmospheric state. These datasets subsequently served as inputs to compute surface downwelling longwave irradiances via radiative transfer computations at 1-min intervals with different combinations of constituents over the six winter seasons. The computed six winter average irradiance with all constituents included was 205.0 W m−2, close to the average measured irradiance of 206.7 W m−2, a difference of −0.8%. During this period, water vapor was the most important contributor to the irradiance. The computed average irradiance with dry gas was 71.9 W m−2. Separately adding water vapor, liquid, or ice to the dry atmosphere led to average increases of 2.4, 1.8, and 1.6 times the dry atmosphere irradiance, respectively. During the analysis period, 15 episodes of warm, moist air intrusions were identified. During the intrusions, individual contributions from elevated temperature, water vapor, liquid water, and ice water were found to be comparable to each other. These findings indicate that all properties of the atmospheric state must be known in order to quantify the radiation coming down to the Arctic surface during winter.
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Elías, Rodolfo, and María Silvia Rivero. "A new species of Cirratulidae (Polychaeta) with characteristics of three genera, and a key to the known species around Mar del Plata (south-western Atlantic)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 7 (February 11, 2011): 1529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410002146.
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Assessing and monitoring the environmental impact off Mar del Plata (38°S 57°W) led to the need to identify the cirratulid polychaetes. Cirratulids are indicators of moderately impacted areas or early indicators of organic contamination. Some subtidal sand patches affected by sewage discharge have high abundances of a new, rare and difficult to place species, such asCaulleriella trispina sp. nov. This species is characterized by having characters of three bitentaculate cirratulid genera, including three kinds of spines: unidentate, sub-bidentate and bidentate. The genera and their taxonomic characters are discussed as well as the need for monitoring and environmental assessments for correct identification. A key to the known species from the warm-temperate region of Argentine Cirratulidae is given.
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Gấm, Đỗ Thị, Chu Hoàng Hà Chu Hoàng Hà Chu Hoàng Hà, Phạm Bích Ngọc Phạm Bích Ngọc Phạm Bích Ngọc, Nguyễn Khắc Hưng, Phan Hồng Khôi, Hà Thị Thanh Bình, Nguyễn Như Chương, Lường Tú Nam, and Nguyễn Thị Thúy Bình. "Effect of led light on in vitro growth and developmentof Anoectochilus roxburghii." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 15, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15/1/12324.
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Recently, LED lighting technology has been developed fast and strongly. It has been widely used in many new fields. LEDs have been tested as an artificial light source during micropagation and tissue culture of various plants species as an alternative to traditional light sources to save energy and improve the efficiency of the culture process. In this study, effects of LED light at different wavelengths and luminous intensities on growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii's buds in vitro were investigated. Anoectochilus's buds were cultured under the different light conditions, such as LED in monochromatic red (R), LED in monochromatic green (B) , LED in the green and red light combining with warm white light (W) in different ratios (BRW 1, BRW2, BRW3 and BR). After 3 months of culture, the results showed LED B at strong luminous intensity (79 ± 3 μmol.m-2.s-1) inhibited the growth and development of Anoectochilus roxburghii. In contrast, BR LED with low luminous intensity (30 ± 1μmol.m-2.s-1) had made a positive effect on growth and development of Anoectochilus roxburghii. The plant height (5,88 cm), root length (1,33 cm), fresh plant weight (0,169 g/plant), leaf area (0,82 cm2), fresh leaf weight (18,33 mg/leaves) of plants in vitro were found higher than those of plants grown under T5 fluorescent lighting conditions (as control). Besides, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content of leaves (285,40 µg/g, 196,40 µg/g, 481,80 µg/g respectively) were higher than in the control and other versions of LED combine. The results also showed that the LED light with combined ratio of BR = 1: 4 at luminous intensity of 30 μmol.m-2.s-1 were suitable for the growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii. Therefore, BR LED (1:4) light condition should be replaced fluorescent light sources in vitro culture of Anoectochilus roxburghii in future.
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Kishcha, Pavel, Boris Starobinets, Isaac Gertman, Tal Ozer, and Pinhas Alpert. "Observations of Unexpected Short-Term Heating in the Uppermost Layer of the Dead Sea after a Sharp Decrease in Solar Radiation." International Journal of Oceanography 2017 (May 25, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5810575.
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The Dead Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world. Observational evidence has been obtained of unexpected short-term water heating in the 2 m uppermost layer of this hypersaline lake, following a sharp drop in solar radiation under weak winds. This was carried out using Dead Sea buoy measurements. Passing frontal cloudiness mixed with significant dust pollution over the Judean Mountains and the Dead Sea, which occurred on March 22, 2013, led to a dramatic drop in noon solar radiation from 860 W m−2 to 50 W m−2. This drop in solar radiation caused a short-term (1-hour) pronounced temperature rise in the uppermost layer of the sea down to 2 m depth. After the sharp drop in noon solar radiation, in the absence of water mixing, buoy measurements showed that the temperature rise in the uppermost layer of the Dead Sea took place for a shorter time and was more pronounced than the temperature rise under the regular diurnal solar cycle. The water heating could be explained by gravitational instability in the skin-surface layer, when the warm surface water with the increased salinity and density submerged, thereby increasing temperature in the layers below.
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McDevitt, Pamela W., Rachel Fichtner, and James Norman Frame. "Rituximab (R) for the Treatment of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) in Adults: An Analysis of Literature Reports in 92 Patients." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 3721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3721.3721.
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Abstract R is an anti-CD20 MoAb developed to treat B-cell malignancies. While R has been used to treat various autoimmune disorders including AIHA, a systematic review of reports of R to treat AIHA in adults has not been performed. We describe the clinical features and response to R in patients (pts)18 yrs or > with AIHA from PubMed English language citations and manufacturer (Genentech, Inc.) provided reports from 1998–2004. 39 reports (34 case reports, 5 case series) identified 92 pts (M 47, F 44, NS 1) with a mean age of 60.7 yr (range, 18–91). 1°/2° Warm (W) Ab, Cold (C) Ab (± associated disease), and mixed (C/W) AIHA was observed in 11/33, 46, and 2 pts, respectively. Associated disease included: lymphoproliferative (LPD)-(W: NHL 4, CLL 20; C: NHL 26, CLL 1, other 6; C/W: other 1), rheumatologic-(W:6), infectious-(W:2, C:1 with EBV); and other (W:3; C:2) disorders. Other baseline pre-R features included: mean Hgb 7.5 g/dl (range, 2.8–12); >45 pts with a Hgb < 10 g/dl; DAT (+): all W-AIHA; Cold Ab or agglutinin (+): all C-AIHA; both DAT/C Ab(+): C/W-AIHA; previously untreated 17%; prior splenectomy >11 patients; transfusion dependent 21%; and a mean of 2.6 (range, 1–8) prior immunosuppressive regimens. R was administered as 375 mg/m2 IV weekly X 4 in 83% and in other schedules (15%) for a mean of 3 doses (range, 2–8); cycle no. was not stated in 2% pts. R was administered alone in 52 pts and with IVIG 3, chemotherapy 13, or corticosteroids 27. The criteria for response to R included: CR [stable↑ Hgb by 2 or > g/dl or Hgb 12 or > g/dl and (−) W or C Ab or agglutinin, resolution of symptoms of anemia, transfusion independent]; PR (↑ Hgb by 2 or > g/dl or Hgb 10 or > g/dl but < 12 g/dl, and 50% ↓ in C Ab/agglutinin titers, + warm Ab, improvement in symptoms of anemia, transfusion independent); NR (failure to meet CR/PR). 83% were eligible for response determination: R monotherapy-CR 10, PR 22, NR 14; R+other regimen-CR 12, PR 10, NR 8. Pt. response by type of AIHA included: 1° W-Ab (CR 3, PR 1, NR 3), 2° W-Ab (CR 7, PR 14, NR 7), C-Ab ± associated disease (CR 11, PR 17, NR 12) and C/W (CR 1). In the total group, the Hgb increased a mean of 3.8 g/dl (range, −1.4–10.5). Hgb increased in CRs by 5.6 (range, 2.9–10.5), in PRs by 4.0 (0.7–8.1), and in NRs by 2.1(−1.4–9.5). The mean time to response/response duration among CR+PRs was 22 days (range, 5–120)/10.5 mo. (range, 1.5–42). Response duration was recorded as last f/u if the pt did not relapse. Re-treatment with R was reported in 17 pts after initial best reported response (1st cycle PR 14, NR 3) with R alone (9) or in combination with CTX + DEX (5), or IFN (3) achieving 12 PRs (R 5, R+C+D 5, R+IFN 2) and 5 NRs (R 4, R+IFN 1). Reported R toxicity (n): infusion-related (7), myalgia (1), pruritis (2) rash (1) Gr.4 WBC (2) hypotension (1) and headache (2). One pt died from a fungal infection 3 mo.after R therapy. In this report, R ± other agents was effective and well-tolerated producing a 71% response rate with clinically meaningful response durations. LPDs were reported in 63% of pts. Studies of R to prospectively assess treatment and response variables, particularly among pts with with W-Ab AIHA, are warranted.
Books on the topic "Thos. W. Ward Ltd"
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Narizny, Kevin. American Grand Strategy and Political Economy Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.316.
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Nearly everything a state does has distributional consequences, including grand strategy. Societal groups with different stakes in the international economy and defense spending often have conflicting strategic priorities, and these groups pursue their parochial interests by supporting the nomination and election of like-minded politicians. Thus, grand strategy is a product of political economy. An overview of American foreign policy over the last several decades illustrates this logic. In the 1980s, the Democratic and Republican coalitions had conflicting interests over the international economy, so the two parties diverged on grand strategy. The recovery of the Rust Belt in the 1990s and 2000s, however, brought increasing convergence. Political discourse over foreign policy was fiercely partisan, but, with the notable exception of George W. Bush’s decision to go to war in Iraq in 2003, the two parties shared essentially the same view of America’s role in the world. The disastrous outcome in Iraq led the Bush administration back to the middle ground in its second term, and Obama followed the same course. In contrast, the election of Donald Trump augurs change. Trump’s electoral coalition consists of a different balance of interests in the international economy than that of past Republican presidents, so he is likely to pursue different strategic priorities.
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Handelman, Matthew. The Mathematical Imagination. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823283835.001.0001.
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The Mathematical Imagination is an archaeology of the undeveloped potential of mathematics for critical theory. As Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno first conceived of the critical project in the 1930s, critical theory steadfastly opposed the mathematization of thought. Mathematics flattened thought into a dangerous positivism that led reason to the barbarism of the Second World War. The Mathematical Imagination challenges this narrative and argues that it has obscured how mathematics provided three lesser-known German-Jewish thinkers—Gershom Scholem, Franz Rosenzweig, and Siegfried Kracauer—with metaphors to negotiate the crises of modernity during the Weimar Republic. Their theories of poetry, messianism, and cultural critique borrowed ideas from the philosophy of mathematics, infinitesimal calculus, and geometry in order to refashion cultural and aesthetic discourse. Drawn to the austerity and muteness of mathematics, these friends and forerunners of the Frankfurt School found in mathematical approaches to negativity strategies to capture the marginalized experiences and perspectives of Jews in Germany. This vocabulary, in which theory could be both mathematical and critical, is missing in the intellectual history of critical theory—from the work of second-generation critical theorists such as Jürgen Habermas to contemporary critiques of technology. Building on the work of Martin Jay and Susan Buck-Morss, The Mathematical Imagination shows how Scholem, Rosenzweig, and Kracauer’s engagement with mathematics uncovers a more capacious vision of the critical project, one with tools that can help us confront and intervene in our digital, and increasingly mathematical, present.
Book chapters on the topic "Thos. W. Ward Ltd"
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Skillen, James R. "“Spitting Mad”." In This Land is My Land, 85–110. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197500699.003.0006.
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The War for the West started during the George H. W. Bush administration and exploded into a more narrowly partisan conflict when President Clinton took office. Tensions were driven by the rise of a new management paradigm, ecosystem management, which led to new emphases on riparian health in range management. They were also driven by ongoing disagreements over county road rights-of-way and economic development of federal resources. Skirmishes in the War for the West varied considerably. Individual ranchers battled the federal government to maintain their accustomed grazing practices; Catron County, New Mexico, launched the County Supremacy Movement by demanding that the federal government protect its established “customs and culture”; Nye County, Nevada, returned to battles from the Sagebrush Rebellion; and several counties in southeastern Utah reignited debates over their authority to manage ambiguous road claims in the wilderness. The net result was a rise in threats against federal employees during the 1990s.
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Pogońska-Pol, Magdalena. "Wojna o wodę – wyzwanie dla bliskowschodnich armii w XX i XXI w." In Oblicza wojny. Tom 1. Armia kontra natura. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8220-055-3.18.
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Due to geographical conditions, climate and political instability, the Middle East is mentioned as an area of future water conflict. In the 20th and 21st centuries there were numerous disputes over this raw material. Conflicts have both internal and external dimensions. The main dispute was between Israel and the Arabs and indirectly led to the June 1967 war. The Arab states also used the army as a deterrent in the race for water. The competition takes place on the line Iraq, Syria, Turkey. Water has also been used as a weapon in the Middle East. ISIS fought for dams to use them strategically and tactically.
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Young, John W., and John Kent. "24. The War in Iraq." In International Relations Since 1945, 587–611. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198807612.003.0024.
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This chapter focuses on the Iraq war of 2003–11 and the troubles in the Middle East. George W. Bush’s advisers, led by Dick Cheney and Don Rumsfeld, had been considering an attack on Iraq well before 9/11. At the same time, many experts within the government pointed to the lack of any evidence for Iraqi-sponsored terrorism directed against the United States. The threats to US national security were outlined to Bush in a briefing just prior to his inauguration; these threats came primarily from al-Qaeda’s terrorism and the proliferation of nuclear arms and other weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). The chapter first considers the US decision to invade Iraq, before discussing the war, taking into account the US’s Operation Iraqi Freedom and the war’s costs to the US and to Iraq. It also examines the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and concludes with an assessment of the ‘Arab Spring’.
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Dueck, Colin. "Global versus National." In Age of Iron, 70–104. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190079369.003.0004.
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This chapter describes the efforts of various Republican presidents and congressional leaders to strike balances between nationalist and internationalist priorities between the 1960s and 2015. Barry Goldwater championed a hawkish Sunbelt conservatism that in the long run helped remake the Republican Party. President Nixon pursued a foreign policy based upon assumptions of great-power politics and realpolitik. President Reagan led an ideologically charged effort at anti-Communist rollback, although he was careful not to overextend the United States in any large-scale wars on the ground. Republicans during the Clinton presidency struggled to reformulate conservative foreign policy assumptions in the wake of the Soviet Union’s collapse. George W. Bush remade conservative foreign policy into a war on terror, aiming at the democratization of the Greater Middle East. Finally, during the presidency of Barack Obama, Republican foreign policy factions once again splintered, paving the way for a conservative nationalist resurgence.
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Young, John W., and John Kent. "24. The Iraq War and the Middle East." In International Relations Since 1945. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199693061.003.0031.
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This chapter focuses on the Iraq war of 2003–2011 and the troubles in the Middle East. George W. Bush’s advisers, led by Dick Cheney and Don Rumsfeld, had been considering an attack on Iraq well before 9/11. At the same time, many experts within the government pointed to the lack of any evidence for Iraqi-sponsored terrorism directed against the United States. The threats to US national security were outlined to Bush in a briefing just prior to his inauguration; these threats came primarily from al-Qaeda’s terrorism and the proliferation of nuclear arms and other weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). The chapter first considers the US decision to invade Iraq before discussing the war, taking into account the US’s Operation Iraqi Freedom and the war’s costs to the US and to Iraq. It also examines the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and concludes with an assessment of the ‘Arab Spring’.
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Chollet, Derek. "Crisis." In The Middle Way, 80–126. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190092887.003.0004.
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This chapter examines how Eisenhower, H. W. Bush, and Obama reacted when their foreign policy strategies were tested by crises and unexpected events. This chapter revisits Eisenhower’s aid to besieged French forces at Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam in 1954. It also discusses his handling of two crises in October 1956 over Suez and the Soviet invasion in Hungary, just days before his reelection. It examines how Bush led the United States during the critical period of 1991—with the aftermath of the first Persian Gulf War and the collapse of the Soviet Union after a failed coup in August 1991. Finally, the chapter also analyzes how Obama approached the Arab Spring, which started in 2011, specifically focusing on his response to conflicts in Libya and Syria.
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Smith, Michael. "How It Began: Bletchley Park Goes to War." In Colossus. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192840554.003.0009.
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The breaking of the German teleprinter cipher that led to the construction of the Colossus computer was the culmination of a series of triumphs for British codebreakers. British interception of other countries’ radio communications had begun in earnest during the First World War. The War Office ‘censored’ diplomatic communications passing through the hands of the international telegraph companies, setting up a codebreaking operation to decipher the secret messages. The British Army intercepted German military wireless communications with a great deal of success. E. W. B. Gill, one of the army officers involved in decoding the messages, recalled that ‘the orderly Teutonic mind was especially suited for devising schemes which any child could unravel’. One of the most notable successes for the British cryptanalysts came in December 1916 when the commander of the German Middle-East signals operation sent a drunken message to all his operators wishing them a Merry Christmas. With little other activity taking place over the Christmas period, the same isolated and clearly identical message was sent out in six different codes, only one of which, until this point, the British had managed to break. The army codebreaking operation became known as MI1b and was commanded by Major Malcolm Hay, a noted historian and eminent academic. It enjoyed a somewhat fractious relationship with its junior counterpart in the Admiralty, formally the Naval Intelligence Department 25 (NID25) but much better known as Room 40, after the office in the Old Admiralty Buildings in Whitehall that it occupied. The navy codebreaking organisation had an even more successful war than MI1b, recruiting a number of the future employees of Britain’s Second World War codebreaking centre at Bletchley Park, including Dillwyn ‘Dilly’ Knox, Frank Birch, Nigel de Grey, and Alastair Denniston, who by the end of the war was head of Room 40. Among the many successes of the Royal Navy codebreakers was the breaking of the Zimmermann telegram, which showed that Germany had asked Mexico to join an alliance against the United States, offering Mexico’s ‘lost territory’ in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona in return, and brought the United States into the war.
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"Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump." In Island in the Stream: Oceanography and Fisheries of the Charleston Bump, edited by George R. Sedberry, John C. Mcgovern, and Oleg Pashuk. American Fisheries Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569230.ch1.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The Charleston Bump is a complex bottom feature of great topographic relief located southeast of Charleston, South Carolina. This bottom feature deflects the Gulf Stream offshore in the South Atlantic Bight, and establishes permanent and temporary eddies, gyres, and associated upwellings in the warm Gulf Stream flow. Thermal fronts associated with Gulf Stream deflection, and die bottom feature itself, are believed to be attractive to large pelagic fishes, or result in concentrations of larvae, juveniles, and prey for larger fish. Upwelling in the region supports early life history stages of important fishery species. Deflection of the Gulf Stream may also play a direct or indirect role in transport of early life stages toward, or away from, nursery areas. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) influenced by the Gulf Stream response to the Charleston Bump appear to have a role in determining recruitment success in gag <em> Mycteroperca microlepis, </em>a continental shelf reef fish. Relative cohort strength in gag was correlated (r = 0.89) to SST at 33°30'N, 78°30' W. Variability in conditions mat affect recruitment of larvae and juveniles, combined with heavy fishing pressure on prespawning adults, may result in recruitment failure in gag. In addition to strongly influencing circulation patterns in the South Atlantic Bight, die rugged bottom topography of the Bump is an important habitat and spawning ground for wreckfish <em> Polyprion americanus </em>and supports die U.S. fishery for this species. As a result, die Bump is an essential habitat for this species in U.S. waters. A geographic analysis of commercial pelagic longline logbook data shows mat die Charleston Bump is an area of concentrated commercial fishing effort, and that pelagic longline fisheries also concentrate along fronts at die edges of Gulf Stream gyres and eddies downstream. The "Charleston Bump Complex" of rough bottom topography and dynamic oceanography is an essential habitat for wreckfish and highly migratory pelagic fishes, and may influence recruitment success in some continental shelf fishes.
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Daszyńska, Jolanta A. "Od Lexington do Trenton kilka refleksji na temat żywiołu wody i jego wpływu na działania wojsk w pierwszych latach walki o amerykańską niepodległość." In Oblicza wojny. Tom 1. Armia kontra natura. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8220-055-3.06.
Full textAbstract:
The battle of Lexington, 1775 started the American War of Independence. The Continental Army was raised by the Second Continental Congress on June 14, 1775 and two days after it fought in the first battle, known as the battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775). George Washington was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief. He did not took part in it, staying already at Philadelphia. The British Pyrrhic victory caused the break in the fights till the Spring of 1776. In March because of a strong flury the British troops could not to attack, and as a result they left Boston on March 17. This day is celebrated as an Evacuation Day. While General Washington, with the American Army, was blockading the British garison in Boston, the other troops led the attack to invade Canada. They attacked from two maine rivers: The St. Lawrence River and St. Charles River. But the wide and ice covered rivers caused the big problem with transportation of soldiers. This time a snowstorm stopped the American attack, and they withdrew from Canada. The disastrous defeat of the Americans in the battle of Long Island on August 27, 1776 was the first battle after the Proclamation of Independence which led to the loss of New York and retreat to the Delaware River. Heavy rain was a non-attack factor. Among the presented battles, some of them were victories, but some were the defeats of the American soldiers. The nature and the elements of cold, frost, rains, snowstorms, icy roads and ice-covered rivers were not the ally for attacking troops. But sometimes, such an extreme weather conditions led to success, as it was during the battle of Trenton, after Washington’s famous crossing the Delaware River. The image on it is the best known battle picture in the world.
Conference papers on the topic "Thos. W. Ward Ltd"
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Willockx, Arnout, Christophe Tjoen, Hendrik-Jan Steeman, and Michel De Paepe. "Numerical Study on Natural Convection and Radiation From a Square Disk." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72300.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a numerical study of natural convection from a disk is presented. The disk is placed vertically in a closed cavity (cylinder) and has a constant heat flux. Different numerical simulations of this test case are executed at various gravity accelerations (=g) inside the cavity. The accelerations are varied from 9.81 m/s2 to 53 m/s2. The Rayleigh number changes with these accelerations. The flow pattern and the temperature distribution inside the cavity are visualized. For natural convection inside a cavity, a vortex is expected in the air flow: a plume of warm rising air at the centre of the cylinder above the heated square disk and descending colder air at the walls of the cavity. The air velocity is higher in the central plume. At w = 9.81 m/s2, the maximum air velocity is 0.05 m/s. This velocity increases with increasing acceleration w till 0.6 m/s at w = 53 m/s2. At low w, the flow pattern exists of a stable vortex and thus a steady-state flow. At w = 15 m/s2, the vortex becomes more unstable and is swirling. At w = 27 m/s2, the vortex is even more swirling and the following periodical phenomenon takes place: first the vortex starts to dissolve in a small vortex at the top of the cylinder and a vortex below this around the square disk. Then, the lower vortex starts to increase again and the upper vortex is fading. So there is again one big vortex with a central, unstable plume that reaches the top of the cylinder. After a few seconds, the plume dissolves again. This phenomenon has no constant period. The higher w, the faster this phenomenon happens and thus the shorter the period. At w = 53m/s2, the vortex seems more turbulent than laminar, however the Rayleigh number is still in the laminar range (Ra<106). The numerical simulations are verified with existing correlations. There was a good agreement between correlations and numerical simulation.