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Tröster, Christian, Andrew Parker, Daan van Knippenberg, and Ben Sahlmüller. "The Coevolution of Social Networks and Thoughts of Quitting." Academy of Management Journal 62, no. 1 (2019): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.0914.
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Kmietowicz, Z. "Plain packaging seems to increase thoughts about quitting smoking." BMJ 347, jul22 1 (2013): f4665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f4665.
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Ginther, David Nathan, Sheev Dattani, Sarah Miller, and Paul Hayes. "Thoughts of Quitting General Surgery Residency: Factors in Canada." Journal of Surgical Education 73, no. 3 (2016): 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.11.008.
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Joo, Min Kyu. "Formal Mentoring Advantage for Leadership Development and Thoughts of Quitting." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (2019): 10668. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.10668abstract.
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Li, Lin, Ron Borland, Geoffrey T. Fong, et al. "Smoking-related thoughts and microbehaviours, and their predictive power for quitting." Tobacco Control 24, no. 4 (2014): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051384.
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Andrews, J. Craig, Richard G. Netemeyer, Jeremy Kees, and Scot Burton. "How Graphic Visual Health Warnings Affect Young Smokers’ Thoughts of Quitting." Journal of Marketing Research 51, no. 2 (2014): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmr.13.0092.
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Laker, Dennis R. "Job Search, Perceptions Of Alternative Employment And Turnover." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 7, no. 1 (2011): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v7i1.6254.
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After the seminal study of turnover, by Mobley (1977), others (Hom, Griffeth, & Sellaro, 1984, Hom & Griffeth, 1988; Steers & Mowday, 1981) have placed a major emphasis upon perceptions of the external labor market (expected utility of search and evaluation of alternatives), intentions to search, actual job search activities and the results of that search upon the turnover decision. Yet, empirical research has tended to ignore the role that the job search plays in turnover. The present study operationalized the concepts of: perceptions of the external labor market, the individuals job search and the results of the job search upon the individuals decision to quit. Subjects were 106 alumni of a branch campus of a large Midwestern university. Respondents were employed in a variety of managerial and professional positions. Data were collected through phone interviews and turnover was assessed over a thirteen-month period Turnover was accurately predicted by the evaluation of alternatives, the intention to search, the expected utility of the search and thoughts of quitting. Each accounted for unique variance in the prediction of the intention to search, the expected utility of search and quitting, and thoughts of quitting.
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Shmueli, Dikla, Lindsay Fletcher, Stephen Hall, Sharon Hall, and Judith Prochaska. "Changes in psychiatric patients' thoughts about quitting smoking during a smoke-free hospitalization." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 10, no. 5 (2008): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14622200802027198.
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Schoenaker, D., E. Brennan, M. Wakefield, and S. Durkin. "Antismoking Social Norms Increase Cessation Behaviours Among Lower and Higher SES Smokers: An Australian Population-Based Study." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 199s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.80300.
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Background: Disapproval of smoking from close others, observation of others' quitting activity and denormalisation of smoking in the broader community can provide an environment that helps smokers to quit. However, it remains unclear which social norms have the greatest influence, and if there is a similar impact on quitting-related cognitions and behaviors among lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) smokers. Aim: This study sought to examine the influence on quitting-related cognitions and behaviors of a variety of social norms: subjective (perceived disapproval of smoking among close family and friends); internalized injunctive (feeling embarrassed about being a smoker); and close descriptive norms (living in a household with someone who, successfully or unsuccessfully, tried to quit in the past 12 months). Methods: A telephone survey was conducted among 1454 Australian adult smokers between 2012 and 2014 who were followed-up ∼1 week after the baseline interview. Logistic regression analyses examined prospective associations of baseline social norms with quitting-related cognitions and behaviors at follow-up. Analyses were adjusted for baseline demographic characteristics, addiction level, tobacco control policies (cost increases, plain packaging implementation and mass media campaign exposure) and quitting-related outcomes measured at baseline. Differences in associations between lower and higher SES smokers (based on educational attainment and area-based disadvantage) were examined through interaction terms and stratified analyses. Results: Sixty-three percent of participants perceived disapproval from family and friends, 30% felt embarrassed to be a smoker, and 12% lived with a recent quitter. Baseline disapproval, embarrassment and household quitting activity were each associated with having quitting as a high priority and with setting a firm date to quit in the next month. Both disapproval and embarrassment also predicted engaging in behaviors to limit smoking, and only embarrassment was associated with increased likelihood to talk about quitting with family or friends and to make a quit attempt. No associations were found between social norms and being highly confident to quit and seeking help to quit. Associations were mostly comparable for lower and higher SES smokers, with no significant negative effects of social norms on quitting thoughts and behaviors overall or among subgroups. Conclusion: Within the strong tobacco control environment in Australia, smokers from lower and higher SES groups who perceive that their family and friends disapprove of their smoking, feel embarrassed to be a smoker and/or who live in a household with a recent quitter are more likely to prioritize quitting and intend to quit soon. These findings also indicate that the internalized injunctive social norm (i.e., feeling embarrassed) was the strongest predictor of smokers' quitting related behaviors, including making a quit attempt.
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Lambden, Jason P., Peter Chamberlin, Elissa Kozlov, et al. "Association of Perceived Futile or Potentially Inappropriate Care With Burnout and Thoughts of Quitting Among Health-Care Providers." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 36, no. 3 (2018): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909118792517.
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Background: Futile or potentially inappropriate care (futile/PIC) has been suggested as a factor contributing to clinician well-being; however, little is known about this association. Objective: To determine whether futile/PIC provision is associated with measures of clinician well-being. Design: Cross-sectional, self-administered, online questionnaire. Setting: Two New York City Hospitals. Participants: Attending physicians, residents, nurses, and physician assistants in the fields of internal medicine, surgery, neurology, or intensive care. Exposure(s): Provision of perceived futile/PIC. Measurements: Main outcomes included (1) clinician burnout, measured using the Physician Worklife Study screen; (2) clinician depression, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire; and (3) intention to quit, measured using questions assessing thoughts of quitting and how seriously it is being considered. Results: Of 1784 clinicians who received surveys, 349 participated. Across all clinicians, 91% reported that they either had or had possibly provided futile/PIC to a patient. Overall, 43.4% of clinicians screened positive for burnout syndrome, 7.8% screened positive for depression, and 35.5% reported thoughts of leaving their job as a result of futile/PIC. The amount of perceived futile/PIC provided was associated with burnout (odds ratio [OR] 3.8 [16-30 patients vs 1-2 patients]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-12.8) and having thoughts of quitting (OR, 7.4 [16-30 patients vs 1-2 patients]; 95% CI: 2.0-27), independent of depression, position, department, and the number of dying patients cared for. Conclusions: A large majority of clinicians report providing futile/PIC, and such care is associated with measures of clinician well-being, including burnout and intention to quit.
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Chang, F. c., C. h. Chung, P. t. Yu, and K. y. Chao. "The impact of graphic cigarette warning labels and smoke-free law on health awareness and thoughts of quitting in Taiwan." Health Education Research 26, no. 2 (2010): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyq073.
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Masiero, Marianna, Mark Cropley, and Gabriella Pravettoni. "Increasing smoking cessation adherence: Do we need to consider the role of executive function and rumination?" Europe’s Journal of Psychology 16, no. 1 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i1.2279.
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Despite the cost and health consequences, a large number of people continue to smoke cigarettes worldwide every day. Notwithstanding, there have been a number of interventions to help people stop smoking but, in general, these have produced only limited success, and better interventions are needed. Accruing evidence affirmed that rumination and executive function play a pivotal role in cigarette smoking behavior, and in this editorial, we describe and discuss the key findings between these constructs and smoking, and argue that an impairment in executive functions does not act alone, but interacts with rumination by directing attention to depressive thoughts, thereby reducing the ability of smokers to engage in constructive behaviors, such as quitting smoking. Finally, we offer a new theory-driven model based on a deep understanding of the interactions between executive functions and rumination and potential moderator effects.
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Bilachi, J., and Isidro Peres. "Effectiveness of Hypnosis Techniques to Quit Smoking." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 198s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.80200.
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Background: The main reason for carrying out this study was to realize that tobacco addicted are more than their beliefs, family, social life, religion, profession, and paradigms. Aim: The objective of this project was to help patients quit smoking through hypnosis techniques and, consequently, to help them face quitting methods more comfortably and safely and also avoid relapse. Methods: This project started with a biographical questionnaire, identification of smoker phases and some suggestion hypnotics are also evaluated through classic tests (vigils suggestions) and the Tellegen Absorption Scale. After collecting the data, we proceeded to an intervention plan that in synthesis had the following phases: sessions 3 and 4 aimed at obtaining a hypnotic trance with sufficient stability and depth, we value the state achieved as a medium-deep trance and spontaneous hypnotic phenomena. The next sessions, 5 and 6, we apply as ego strengthening and suggestions to demystify previously recorded thoughts, feelings and, consequently, behavior. Sessions 7 we explain the concept and importance of self-hypnosis. Results: The quantitative results will be presented here to show the effectiveness of the project developed. The most important information is the number of people who interrupted tobacco dependence: 16 (80%) out of 20 quit smoking, of which 10 (50%) were men and 10 (50%) were women. Four patients (20%) did not complete the treatment, 2 men and 2 women. Conclusion: It was possible to verify that quitting smoking through hypnosis is effective, because the smokers can transform their cognitive system and, thereby, they can change, naturally, their biopsychological paradigms in all contexts of their lives.
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Holt, Nicholas L., Homan Lee, Youngoh Kim, and Kyra Klein. "Exploring Experiences of Running an Ultramarathon." Sport Psychologist 28, no. 1 (2014): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2013-0008.
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The overall purpose of this study was to examine individuals’ experiences of running an ultramarathon. Following pilot work data were collected with six people who entered the 2012 Canadian Death Race. Participants were interviewed before the race, took photographs and made video recordings during the race, wrote a summary of their experience, and attended a focus group after the race. The research team also interviewed participants during the race. Before the race participants had mixed emotions. During the race they experienced numerous stressors (i.e., cramping and injuries, gastrointestinal problems, and thoughts about quitting). They used coping strategies such as making small goals, engaging in a mental/physical battle, monitoring pace, nutrition, and hydration, and social support. After the race, nonfinishers experienced dejection or acceptance whereas finishers commented on the race as a major life experience. These findings provide some insights into factors involved in attempting to complete ultramarathons and offer some implications for applied sport psychology.
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Gravely, Shannon, Lorraine V. Craig, K. Michael Cummings, et al. "Smokers’ cognitive and behavioural reactions during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252427.
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Introduction COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory illness, and smoking adversely impacts the respiratory and immune systems; this confluence may therefore incentivize smokers to quit. The present study, conducted in four high-income countries during the first global wave of COVID-19, examined the association between COVID-19 and: (1) thoughts about quitting smoking; (2) changes in smoking (quit attempt, reduced or increased smoking, or no change); and (3) factors related to a positive change (making a quit attempt or reducing smoking) based on an adapted framework of the Health Belief Model. Methods This cross-sectional study included 6870 adult smokers participating in the Wave 3 (2020) ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey conducted in Australia, Canada, England, and United States (US). These four countries had varying responses to the pandemic by governments and public health, ranging from advising voluntary social distancing to implementing national and subnational staged lockdowns. Considering these varying responses, and the differences in the number of confirmed cases and deaths (greatest in England and the US and lowest in Australia), smoking behaviours related to COVID-19 may have differed between countries. Other factors that may be related to changes in smoking because of COVID-19 were also explored (e.g., sociodemographics, nicotine dependence, perceptions about personal and general risks of smoking on COVID-19). Regression analyses were conducted on weighted data. Results Overall, 46.7% of smokers reported thinking about quitting because of COVID-19, which differed by country (p<0.001): England highest (50.9%) and Australia lowest (37.6%). Thinking about quitting smoking because of COVID-19 was more frequent among: females, ethnic minorities, those with financial stress, current vapers, less dependent smokers (non-daily and fewer cigarettes smoked/day), those with greater concern about personal susceptibility of infection, and those who believe COVID-19 is more severe for smokers. Smoking behaviour changes due to COVID-19 were: 1.1% attempted to quit, 14.2% reduced smoking, and 14.6% increased smoking (70.2% reported no change). Positive behaviour change (tried to quit/reduced smoking) was reported by 15.5% of smokers, which differed by country (p = 0.02), where Australia had significantly lower rates than the other three countries. A positive behavioural smoking change was more likely among smokers with: lower dependence, greater concern about personal susceptibility to infection, and believing that COVID-19 is more severe for smokers. Conclusions Though nearly half of smokers reported thinking about quitting because of COVID-19, the vast majority did not change their smoking behaviour. Smokers were more likely to try and quit or reduce their smoking if they had greater concern about susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 related to smoking. Smokers in Australia were least likely to reduce or try to quit smoking, which could be related to the significantly lower impact of COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic relative to the other countries.
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Stermac, Lana, Jenna Cripps, Touraj Amiri, and Veronica Badali. "Sexual Violence and Women’s Education: Examining Academic Performance and Persistence." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 50, no. 1 (2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069649ar.
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Sexual violence continues to be a serious problem on university campuses. While the negative psychological and health effects of sexual violence are well known, it is only recently that attention has focused on how these behaviours impact education, particularly women’s education. This study contributes to this area and examined the impact of types of sexual violence on behavioural and attitudinal indicators of academic performance and persistence among students reporting sexual violence. Undergraduate women attending university in Ontario, Canada (N= 934) responded to survey measures of academic performance, attitudes towards education and sexual violence experiences. The results indicate that sexual violence has a deleterious impact on women’s academic performance including and beyond grades. Women students who experienced sexual violence reported more delays and failures on assignments, courses and exams, were more likely to endorse attendance problems and thoughts of dropping out or quitting than students not reporting sexual violence. Type of sexual violence experienced was also related to academic performance. The results are discussed in terms of the need to understand components of academic performance as well as factors that may contribute to outcomes for students. Findings have implications for intervention and policy development.
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Stermac, Lana, Jenna Cripps, Touraj Amiri, and Veronica Badali. "Sexual Violence and Women’s Education: Examining Academic Performance and Persistence." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 50, no. 1 (2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v50i1.188601.
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Sexual violence continues to be a serious problem on university campuses. While the negative psychological and health effects of sexual violence are well known, it is only recently that attention has focused on how these behaviours impact education, particularly women’s education. This study contributes to this area and examined the impact of types of sexual violence on behavioural and attitudinal indicators of academic performance and persistence among students reporting sexual violence. Undergraduate women attending university in Ontario, Canada (N= 934) responded to survey measures of academic performance, attitudes towards education and sexual violence experiences. The results indicate that sexual violence has a deleterious impact on women’s academic performance including and beyond grades. Women students who experienced sexual violence reported more delays and failures on assignments, courses and exams, were more likely to endorse attendance problems and thoughts of dropping out or quitting than students not reporting sexual violence. Type of sexual violence experienced was also related to academic performance. The results are discussed in terms of the need to understand components of academic performance as well as factors that may contribute to outcomes for students. Findings have implications for intervention and policy development.
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Pacek, Lauren, Meredith Berry, Olga Rass, Melissa Mercincavage, F. McClernon, and Matthew Johnson. "Graphic Warning Labels Affect Hypothetical Cigarette Purchasing Behavior among Smokers Living with HIV." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (2019): 3380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183380.
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Cigarette pack graphic warning labels (GWLs) are associated with increased knowledge of tobacco-related harms; scant research has evaluated their effects on behavior among vulnerable populations. We used a behavioral economic approach to measure the effects of GWLs and price on hypothetical cigarette purchasing behavior among HIV-positive smokers. Participants (n = 222) completed a cigarette valuation task by making hypothetical choices between GWL cigarette packs at a fixed price ($7.00) and text-only warning label cigarette packs at increasing prices ($3.50 to $14.00; $0.25 increments). More than one-quarter (28.8%) of participants paid more to avoid GWLs. The remaining participants’ purchasing decisions appear to have been driven by price: 69.8% of participants chose the cheaper pack. Across all participants, overall monetary choice value observed for GWL cigarette packs (mean = $7.75) was greater than if choice was driven exclusively by price ($7.00). Most (87.4%) preferred the text-only warning label when GWL and text-only cigarette packs were equally priced. Correlation analysis indicated GWL pack preference was associated with agreement with statements that GWLs would stop individuals from having a cigarette or facilitate thoughts about quitting. These data suggest that GWLs may influence some HIV-positive smokers in such a way that they are willing to pay more to a void seeing GWLs.
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Slate, Risdon N., and Ronald E. Vogel. "Participative management and correctional personnel: A study of the perceived atmosphere for participation in correctional decision making and its impact on employee stress and thoughts about quitting." Journal of Criminal Justice 25, no. 5 (1997): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2352(97)00023-8.
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Arslan Işık, Nurten. "Aromatherapy and Quitting Smoking." Galician Medical Journal 27, no. 2 (2020): E202022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2020.2.2.
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Today, the treatment approaches recommended for smoking cessation are pharmacological and behavioral therapy. Both approaches are reported to be effective alone; however, when used together, the success rate increases. Modern medicine methods, however, often have a negative image due to cost, complexity and limitations in human life. For this reason, complementary and alternative therapies are widely used in the community for the treatment of many diseases in every age group. When people are asked why they prefer complementary and alternative therapies, the most important reason seems to be to improve quality of life by providing symptom control. Other reasons include economic problems, the lack of health insurance, the improvement of quality of life, the influence of the media and the environment, a strong belief that it will help, disappointment of conventional treatment failure, the noninvasiveness of most complementary and alternative therapies, fear of medical treatments, dissatisfaction with the current health system, medicines. Avoiding side effects can be called as a desire to have more control over health decisions. Contrary to many pharmacological and behavioral treatments that investigate the effectiveness of smoking cessation, only a few studies have included complementary and alternative treatments. Complementary treatment methods such as aromatherapy are thought to be regularly included in smoking cessation programs and their use should be ensured/expanded.
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Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, and Kedar Marahatta. "Cross-Sectional Survey on Quitting Attempts among Adolescent Smokers in Dharan, Eastern Nepal." Journal of Addiction 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6859291.
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Background. Adolescents frequently attempt smoking cessation but are unable to maintain long term abstinence because they are dependent on nicotine and experience withdrawal symptoms.Objectives. This study aimed to explore the quitting attempts among adolescent smokers in Dharan Municipality of Eastern Nepal.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested self-administered questionnaire adapted from Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess current smokers and quitting attempts among 1312 adolescent students in middle (14-15 years) and late adolescence (16–19 years). Chi square test was used for association of various factors with quitting attempts.Results. The prevalence of current smoking was 13.7%. Among the current smokers, 66.5% had attempted to quit in the past because they believed smoking was harmful to health (35.5%). The median duration of quitting was 150 days. Nearly 8% of the current smokers were unwilling to quit in the future because they thought it is already a habit (60%). Smokers who are willing to quit smoking in the future were more likely to have made quitting attempts (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.40–4.45).Conclusion. Relapse often occurs even after multiple quitting attempts. Tobacco focused interventions to support abstinence are important during adolescence to prevent habituation.
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Wee, Lei Hum, Lion Shahab, Awang Bulgiba, and Robert West. "Conflict About Quitting Predicts the Decision to Stop Smoking Gradually or Abruptly: Evidence From Stop Smoking Clinics in Malaysia." Journal of Smoking Cessation 6, no. 1 (2011): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jsc.6.1.37.
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AbstractBackground: Little is known about the extent to which smokers attending stop-smoking clinics experience conflicting motivations about their quit attempt, whether such conflict can be understood in terms of a single dimension and if this ‘conflict about quitting’ differs from motivation to stop smoking and is associated with a smoker's choice of method to stop smoking (stopping gradually or abruptly). Method: Sociodemographic, smoking and quit attempt characteristics as well as measures relating to conflict about stopping smoking were recorded in a cross-sectional survey of 198 smokers attending five quit smoking clinics in Malaysia. Results: Five measures (having seriously thought about quitting before, being happy about becoming a non-smoker, being strongly motivated to stop, intending to stop smoking completely and believing in stopping for good this time) were loaded onto a single factor that could be labelled ‘conflict about quitting’. The resultant scale had moderate internal reliability (Cronbach's α= .625). Most smokers exhibited conflicting motivations about stopping smoking, with over half (52.0%, 95% CI 45.1–59.1) scoring 2 or higher on the 5-point conflict scale. ‘Conflict about quitting’ was significantly associated with the decision to stop smoking gradually rather than abruptly controlling for other variables (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05–1.76) and was more strongly associated with the choice of smoking cessation method than motivation to stop smoking. Conclusions: ‘Conflict about quitting’ can be conceptualised as a single dimension and is prevalent among smokers voluntarily attending stop-smoking clinics. The finding that smokers who display greater conflict about quitting are more likely to choose gradual cessation may explain contradictory findings in the literature regarding the effectiveness of different methods of smoking cessation.
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Feldman, Robert H., Alfonso Villalobos, and Roberto Rodriguez. "Promoting Smoking Cessation in Costa Rica: A Focus Group Study of Smokers and Ex-Smokers." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 40, no. 4 (2019): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x19896722.
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In developing worksite smoking cessation programs in Costa Rica, it is necessary to gain an understanding of smokers and ex-smokers. For smokers, it was necessary to know the barriers to quitting and what they thought may help them. For ex-smokers, we wanted to identify the main factors that helped them to successfully quit. Two separate focus groups were conducted of smokers ( n = 6) and ex-smokers ( n = 9) who worked at the Department of Justice. Results indicated that the key factors for both ex-smokers and smokers were social factors—family and coworkers. Participants viewed family support as fundamental to successful quitting. Smokers mentioned that the Justice Department could help them stop smoking by eliciting the support of ex-smoking coworkers. Major barriers to quitting were workplace stress and the presence of other smokers. In conclusion, family members and ex-smoking coworkers can play an important role in worksite smoking cessation programs in Costa Rica.
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Ickes, Melinda J., Mary Kay Rayens, Amanda Wiggins, and Ellen J. Hahn. "Students’ Beliefs About and Perceived Effectiveness of a Tobacco-Free Campus Policy." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 18, no. 1 (2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154417700633.
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Tobacco-free (TF) college campus policies have potential to be a high-impact tobacco control strategy. The purposes of the study presented here were to (a) determine the demographic and personal characteristics associated with students’ beliefs about and perceived effectiveness of a TF campus policy and (b) assess whether tobacco use status and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) predicted beliefs and perceived effectiveness. Five thousand randomly selected students from a large southeastern university were invited by e-mail to participate in an online survey in April 2013, three and a half years after policy implementation. Students held positive beliefs about the policy (average rating 84% of the maximum possible score). Sixty-one percent believed that the policy was successful at reducing SHS exposure; and 40% thought the policy encouraged quitting. Males were less likely than females to believe the policy was effective in reducing SHS exposure and encouraging quitting. Lower undergraduates were more likely to perceive the policy as less effective in reducing SHS exposure; international students were more likely than domestic students to perceive the policy as more effective at encouraging quitting. Students most exposed to SHS were less likely to perceive the policy was effective. Compared with nonusers, those who smoked cigarettes were less likely to perceive the policy as effective in encouraging quitting. Tailored messaging regarding policy benefits are necessary. Perceived effectiveness of TF policies may be related to compliance with the policy and should be further investigated. Objective measures of effectiveness and tobacco use behaviors are needed to fully measure the success of TF campus policies.
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Daniels, George L., and C. Ann Hollifield. "Times of Turmoil: Short- and Long-Term Effects of Organizational Change on Newsroom Employees." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 79, no. 3 (2002): 661–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900308.
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A period of major transformation is forcing news organizations to adapt and change. This study provides a longitudinal analysis of the effects of organizational changes and change-management efforts at CNN Headline News on newsroom employees' attitudes, morale, and likelihood of quitting their jobs. The study found that for newsroom managers, organizational change was a losing proposition, resulting in staff members' perception of greater unhappiness with their jobs. Newsroom employees were most negative about changes they thought hindered their ability to produce high-quality journalism, and change-management efforts had only limited impact on job satisfaction and commitment.
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Banerjee, Yajnavalka, Aya Akhras, Amar Hassan Khamis, Alawi Alsheikh-Ali, and David Davis. "Investigating the Relationship Between Resilience, Stress-Coping Strategies, and Learning Approaches to Predict Academic Performance in Undergraduate Medical Students: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Study." JMIR Research Protocols 8, no. 9 (2019): e14677. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14677.
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Background The evolution of an undergraduate medical student into an adept physician is perpetual, demanding, and stressful. Several studies have indicated medical students have a higher predominance of mental health problems than other student groups of the same age, where medical education acts as a stressor and may lead to unfavorable consequences such as depression, burnout, somatic complaints, decrease in empathy, dismal thoughts about quitting medical school, self harm and suicidal ideation, and poor academic performance. It is imperative to determine the association between important psychoeducational variables and academic performance in the context of medical education to comprehend the response to academic stress. Objective The aim of this proof-of-concept study is to determine the relationship between resilience, learning approaches, and stress-coping strategies and how they can collectively predict achievement in undergraduate medical students. The following research questions will be addressed: What is the correlation between the psychoeducational variables resilience, learning approaches, and stress-coping strategies? Can academic performance of undergraduate medical students be predicted through the construction of linear relationships between defined variables employing the principles of empirical modeling? Methods Study population will consist of 234 students registered for the MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) at Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences distributed over 4 cohorts. Newly registered MBBS students will be excluded from the study. Various psychoeducational variables will be assessed using prevalidated questionnaires. For learning approaches assessment, the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students questionnaire will be employed. Resilience and stress-coping strategies will be evaluated using the Wagnild-Young resilience scale and a coping strategies scale derived from Holahan and Moos’s Coping Strategies Scale, respectively. Independent variables (resilience, stress-coping strategies, and learning approaches) will be calculated. Scores will be tested for normality by using the Shapiro-Wilk test. An interitem correlational matrix of the dependent and independent variables to test pairwise correlation will be formed using Pearson bivariate correlation coefficients. Regression models will be used to answer our questions with type II analyses of variance in tests involving multiple predictors. Regression analyses will be checked for homogeneity of variance (Levine test) and normality of residuals and multicollinearity (variance inflation factor). Statistical significance will be set at 5% (alpha=.05). Effect sizes will be estimated with 95% CIs. Results Psychoeducational instruments in the form of validated questionnaire have been identified in relation to the objectives. These questionnaires have been formatted for integration into Google forms such that they can be electronically distributed to the consenting participants. We submitted the proposal to MBRU institutional review board (IRB) for which exemption has been awarded (application ID: MBRU-IRB-2019-013). There is no funding in place for this study and no anticipated start date. Total duration of the proposed research is 12 months. Conclusions Psychoeducational instruments used in this study will correlate resilience, stress-coping strategies, and learning approaches to academic performance of undergradudate medical students. To the best of our knowledge, no study exploring the multidimensional association of key psychoeducational variables and academic performance in undergraduate medical students has been pursued. Investigated variables, resilience, learning approaches, and stress-coping strategies, are individual traits, however; students’ learning history before they joined MBRU is unknown, so our research will not be able to address this specific aspect. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/14677
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Arac, Esref. "Frequency of Tobacco Use in Obese Patients and Wrong Perception That is Thought Right: Quitting Smoking Adds Weight!" ADDICTA: The Turkish Journal on Addictions 6, Supp4 (2020): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/addicta.2020.19107.
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Mak, Yim Wah, Vico C. L. Chiang, and Alice Yuen Loke. "Experiences of Tobacco Use among Chinese Individuals with Schizophrenia in Community-Based Residential Settings: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010321.
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Although there is a high prevalence of smoking among individuals with schizophrenia, no previous attempt has been made to explore experiences of tobacco use and cessation within a Chinese sample of this population. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to explore through the use of individual and semi-structured interviews the experiences of tobacco use and quitting in a sample Chinese population with schizophrenia. Twenty-three eligible participants with schizophrenia who currently smoke were recruited from three community residential mental health service settings. Four main themes representing the experiences of the participants were uncovered in this study: (1) smoking and illness; (2) environment and culture; (3) reasons for smoking; and (4) beliefs about cessation methods. The findings indicated that the participants considered the disease to be far more harmful than smoking, and perceived many benefits to smoking. Although some thought of quitting at times, most gave up the idea or failed to quit due to internal factors such as disease-related suffering, the use of an avoidance coping strategy, and a lack of cessation support. The most notable finding concerns the use of avoidance coping by the participants, who relied on smoking as a way to avoid the suffering brought about by the disease.
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Abusanad, Atlal, Assia Bensalem, Emad Shash, et al. "Prevalence and risk factors of burnout among female oncology professionals from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (2021): 11016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.11016.
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11016 Background: Burnout (BO) is a recognized challenge among oncology workforce. It affects both genders with a higher frequency among women. This study examined the factors contributing to the development of burnout among women in oncology from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was distributed to oncology professionals from different countries in the MENA region. The validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) of emotional exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DE), and Personal Achievement (PA) plus questions about demography/work-related factors and attitudes toward oncology were included. Data were analyzed to measure BO prevalence and related factors. Results: Between February 10 and March 15, 2020, 545 responses were submitted by female professionals. The responses pre-dated the COVID-19 pandemic emergence in the region. BO prevalence was 71% among female professionals. Women aged < 44 years represented 85% of the cohort. Sixty-two percent were married, 52% with children and one-third practiced a hobby. Two-thirds worked in medical oncology, worked for < 10 years and 35% worked in academia. The majority (73%) spent > 25% on administrative work daily. Nearly half of the respondents (49%) expressed a recurring thought of quitting oncology and 70% had no burnout support or education. Inability to deliver optimal care was reported as distressing for career development in 82%. Factors significantly influencing the BO risk are listed in Table. Marital status, having children, academia and years in practice did not impact the risk of BO among female oncologists form MENA. Conclusions: High BO prevalence was reported among female oncology professionals from MENA. The majority of women oncology workforce were young and early- to mid-career in this cohort. Younger age, practicing in North African countries, high administrative load and the recurring thought of quitting were associated with increased risk of burnout. Whereas, practicing a hobby and enjoying oncology communication decreased the BO risk. Burnout support and education specifically for women in oncology is needed.[Table: see text]
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Dhungel, B., and K. Basnet. "Prevalence of Smoking and Impact of Pictorial Health Warning on Quit Attempts Among Youths in Bhaktapur, Nepal." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 27s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.33400.
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Background: Nepal for the first time implemented laws regarding the pictorial health warnings in April 2014 regardless of an unsuccessful challenge that was set up by the tobacco industry in 2011. Results from several studies have shown that health warnings on cigarette packages have been helpful in warning smokers as well as nonsmokers regarding the harms of cigarette smoking, encouraging smokers to quit and also preventing nonsmokers from starting to smoke. Aim: The objective of this study was to find the impact of pictorial health warning on quit attempts. Methods: An explanatory cross-sectional study was conducted among youths aged 15-24 years in Suryabinayak-5, Bhaktapur with probability systematic random sampling technique using self-administered questionnaire. Results: Half (50%) of the respondents first tried smoking at the age of 16 or older. Seventeen percent of the respondents smoked cigarettes either occasionally or regularly during the past 30 days. Most of the respondents (91%) have not tried smokeless tobacco products ever in their life. Sixty-seven percent of the respondents had noticed PHW on cigarette packages during the past 30 days. One fourth (21.8%) respondents made an quit attempt due to PHW during the past 12 months and their maximum duration of abstinence during the last quit attempt was more than a week but less than a month. From the study it is found that there is statistically significant association between noticing pictorial health warning and thought about quitting smoking or intention about not starting smoking. Conclusion: Pictorial warnings effectively increased peoples quitting intentions, attempts as well as relinquishing cigarettes. Our findings suggest that implementing 90% pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs in Nepal would discourage smoking.
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Zamboni, Paolo. "COVID-19 as a Vascular Disease: Lesson Learned from Imaging and Blood Biomarkers." Diagnostics 10, no. 7 (2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070440.
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COVID-19, a disease initially thought to be prominently an interstitial pneumonia with varying degrees of severity, can be considered a vascular disease with regards to serious complications and causes of mortality. Quite recently, blood clots have emerged as the common factor unifying many of the symptoms initially attributed without an explanation to COVID-19. Cardiovascular biomarkers and particularly, D-dimer and troponin appear to be very powerful prognostic markers, signaling the need for earlier and more aggressive interventions and treatments in order to avoid and/or minimize arterial/venous thromboembolism and myocardial infarct. The ultrasound imaging patterns at both the lung and peripheral vascular level can also be very useful weapons that have the advantage of being able to monitor longitudinally the clinical picture, something that real-time PCR/nasopharyngeal swab is not able to do and that CT can only pursue with significant radiation exposure. A lesson learned in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic suggests quitting and starting again with targeted imaging and blood vascular biomarkers.
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Moodie, Crawford. "Adult smokers’ perceptions of cigarette pack inserts promoting cessation: a focus group study." Tobacco Control 27, no. 1 (2017): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053372.
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IntroductionTobacco companies have a long tradition of including promotional material within cigarette packs, such as cigarette cards and coupons. Only in Canada are they required, by the government, to include educational material within cigarette packs, in the form of inserts highlighting the benefits of quitting or providing tips on how to do so.MethodsTwenty focus groups were conducted in Glasgow and Edinburgh in 2015, with smokers (n=120) segmented by age (16–17, 18–24, 25–35, 36–50, >50), gender and social grade, to explore perceptions of the inserts used in Canada.ResultsThe consensus was that these inserts would capture attention and be read due to their novelty and visibility before reaching the cigarettes, and as they can be removed from the pack. While they may be ignored or discarded, and rotation was considered necessary, they were generally thought to prolong the health message. The positive style of messaging was described as refreshing, educational, encouraging, reassuring and inspirational and thought to increase message engagement. It was regarded as more sympathetic than command-style messaging, offering smokers ‘a bit of hope’. The inserts were often considered preferable to the on-pack warnings, although it was felt that both were needed. Some participants suggested that inserts could encourage them to stop smoking, and they were generally viewed as having the potential to alter the behaviour of others, particularly younger people, would-be smokers and those wanting to quit.ConclusionsInserts are an inexpensive means of communication and offer regulators a simple way of supplementing on-pack warnings.
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Mucan, Burcu, and Crawford Moodie. "Young adult smokers’ perceptions of plain packs, numbered packs and pack inserts in Turkey: a focus group study." Tobacco Control 27, no. 6 (2017): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053902.
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IntroductionThe Turkish Government’s ‘National Tobacco Control Program 2015–2018’ included plans to introduce plain packaging and also a ban on brand names on cigarette packs, allowing only assigned numbers on packs. We explored perceptions of these proposed measures, and also pack inserts with cessation messages, another novel way of using the packaging to communicate with consumers.MethodsEight focus groups were conducted with 47 young adult smokers in Manisa and Kutahya (Turkey) in December 2016. Participants were shown three straight-edged plain cigarette packs, as required in Australia, and then three bevelled-edged plain packs, as permitted in the UK. They were then shown plain packs with numbers rather than brand names, and finally three pack inserts with messages encouraging quitting or offering tips on how to do so. Participants were asked about their perceptions of each.ResultsPlain packs were considered unappealing and off-putting, although the bevelled-edged packs were viewed more favourably than the straight-edged packs. Numbered packs were thought by some to diminish the appeal created by the brand name and potentially decrease interest among never smokers and newer smokers. Pack inserts were thought to have less of an impact than the on-pack warnings, but could potentially help discourage initiation and encourage cessation.ConclusionsThat bevelled-edged plain packs were perceived more positively than straight-edged plain packs is relevant to countries planning to introduce plain packaging. The study provides a first insight into smokers’ perceptions of a ban on brand names, which was perceived to reduce appeal among young people.
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Mostafa, Aya, Heba Tallah Mohammed, Wafaa Mohamed Hussein, et al. "Would placing pictorial health warnings on waterpipe devices reduce waterpipe tobacco smoking? A qualitative exploration of Egyptian waterpipe smokers’ and non-smokers’ responses." Tobacco Control 28, no. 4 (2018): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054494.
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BackgroundAlthough Egypt places four generic pictorial health warnings (PHWs) on the front and back half of waterpipe tobacco packs (WTPs), waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) rates have continued to rise. It has been suggested that PHWs would be more salient if placed on the waterpipe device itself. This qualitative study explored how participants perceived the effects placing PHWs on waterpipe devices would have on warning salience and uptake or quitting of WTS.MethodsWe conducted 10 focus groups and 10 in-depth interviews with 90 adult waterpipe smokers and non-smokers, men and women, who lived in rural, semi-urban and urban regions of Egypt. We presented participants with four novel PHWs of different sizes positioned randomly at four locations on a waterpipe device (the glass body, metal holder, mouthpiece or hose), one at a time. At each session, participants viewed a PHW on all four locations. Novel warnings were shown on plain labels with a dark uniform background and featured pictures, text and the quitline number. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants thought placing PHWs on waterpipe devices might increase salience, prevent WTS initiation or trigger quit attempts; they favoured placing PHWs on the glass body, mouthpiece or waterpipe hose. Both waterpipe smoker and non-smoker participants thought these potential effects would affect non-smokers or non-established smokers more than established waterpipe users.ConclusionsOur exploratory study suggests that PHWs featured prominently on waterpipe devices could potentially deter experimentation with waterpipe tobacco products and promote cessation, especially among non-established users.
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Chaikoolvatana, Anun, Kronggit Vathesathogkit, and Teeraporn Chanakit. "Smoking Cessation Online Service (SCOS) in Thailand: A Pilot Study." Journal of Smoking Cessation 5, no. 2 (2010): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jsc.5.2.123.
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AbstractThe purpose of the study was to develop a smoking cessation online service (SCOS) for cigarette smokers. The SCOS website was developed via Flash Professional® program version 9.0 with software that included Mozilla™, Java®, and Windows™. Twenty-five volunteers accessed SCOS. Five trained hospital pharmacists were responsible for the online counselling service. Most volunteers were males with a history of smoking of at least ten years, were aged between 21 to 30 years, and were in the low income bracket. Twenty-five per cent of the volunteers stated that they were ready to quit smoking. The most common method of smoking cessation was to give up smoking at once (48%). Results showed that attitudes towards smoking perceptions were positively high with a mean score of 28.52 out of 30. Volunteers also stated they thought SCOS was interesting and useful. They liked the functions of the program as well as its benefits. Recommendations included the extension of the study into different areas, the continuation of SCOS as an alternative for quitting smoking and the evaluation of the effectiveness of SCOS alongside current methods of smoking cessation, such as face-to-face counselling, home visits and phone calls.
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Wani, Deepak A., and Pallavi A. Uplap. "Exploring practices of tobacco consumption and preparedness towards tobacco cessation amongst primary health care physicians in a selected district of Maharashtra, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 10 (2018): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183992.
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Background: There is limited published evidence about their preparedness and practices regarding tobacco cessation amongst them. Hence, a study was undertaken to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices in the above context amongst the doctors working in the government health set up in Maharashtra.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in a randomly selected district of Maharashtra. Out of 112 primary health care doctors, 74 (66%) participated in the study. Strict confidentially was maintained during the process of data collection. The data was entered and analysed in the Microsoft Excel. The study was completed in October 2016- January 2017. All the required permissions including ethical clearance were obtained.Results: Nineteen (25.67%) primary health care physicians had self-reported tobacco use, of them 10 (52.64%) were present tobacco users and 9 (47.36%) were using tobacco in the past. Out of 74 participants, 16 (21.63%) reported tobacco use in the family members. Twelve (63.16%) tobacco users had thought of quitting tobacco and 9 (47.37%) have tried to quit tobacco. Majority (97.3%) of the participants asked for tobacco history while 65 (87.84%) doctors had assessed quantity of tobacco use. Only 5 (6.76%) participants have received training for tobacco cessation.Conclusions: Well trained manpower for tobacco cessation in the government health set up can serve as a change agent for creating tobacco free environment across the country due to their huge potential to reach the masses.
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Igumbor, Eunice O., Otovwe Agofure, Echinei J. Oshionwu, Phillip T. Bwititi, and Ezekiel U. Nwose. "Development of diabetes register in low-mid income country: survey of healthcare professionals’ behavioural change wheel." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195824.
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Background: There has been and ongoing research and development on diabetes care in Ndokwa community of Nigeria, and one of the items to be addressed is development of diabetes register in some of the health facilities. This study assesses the behavioural change wheel of the healthcare professionals to address the willingness of the primary healthcare providers willing to scale up and sustain the diabetes register; and how glycaemic control and metabolic syndrome factors in diabetes patients were assessed.Methods: The study adopted clinical observational approach and survey questionnaires. A descriptive cross sectional method evaluated how glycaemic control among diabetes patients (n=42) was assessed. Clinical observations were at Catholic Hospital Abbi, while the survey of healthcare professionals (n=71) included health facilities in other communities. Data from questionnaire and test results was analysed using Microsoft Excel Data Analysis Toolpak 2010.Results: It is observed that 62% wished they had a diabetes register. Over 50% of the patients showed presence of >2 metabolic syndrome indices. Further, ≈52% disagreed that diet, exercise, medication, quitting smoking and less stress contributed to effective control and management of diabetes.Conclusions: Most of the respondents thought that their practice did not have a special interest in diabetes. There is prevalence of metabolic syndrome, but the majority of healthcare professionals did not view lifestyle as effective to control diabetes. These observations highlight the need for diabetic education on healthcare professionals and patients.
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Bonafé, Fernanda Salloume Sampaio, João Maroco, and Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos. "Predictors of Burnout Syndrome in Dentistry Students." Psychology, Community & Health 3, no. 3 (2014): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/pch.v3i3.86.
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AimTo estimate the contribution of social support and demographic factors in the development of burnout syndrome in dentistry students.MethodA total of 169 Brazilian students participated via internet. For identification of the syndrome, we used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-SS). Social support was assessed by the Satisfaction with Social Support Scale (ESSS). The validity and reliability of the instruments were estimated. To check the effect of variables on burnout syndrome, linear regression using structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed to estimate causal trajectories (β).ResultsThe participants’ mean average age was 21.6 (SD = 3.3) years, 64.5% were female and 59.2% were enrolled in private schools. An appropriate adjustment of the instruments’ factor models to sample was observed (MBI-SS: χ²/df = 2.173, CFI = .943; GFI = .888; RMSEA = .084; ESSS: χ²/df = 2.378, CFI = .904; GFI = .888; RMSEA = .091). The reliability of the scales was adequate (MBI-SS: α = .799-.903; ESSS: α = .653-.799). The model explained 33% of the variation of burnout with a significant contribution of social support (ESSS) (β = -.136, p = .042), gender (β = -.186, p = .005), housing (β = .124, p = .050), student performance in the course (β = -.293, p ≤ .001) and the thought of quitting the course (β = .333, p ≤ .001).ConclusionSocial support and demographic variables may play an important role in the burnout syndrome and therefore should be considered when implementing preventive actions and/or interventions (self-help or guided) in college students.
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Schnall, Rebecca, Jasmine Carcamo, Tiffany Porras, Ming-Chun Huang, and Monica Webb Hooper. "Use of the Phase-Based Model of Smoking Treatment to Guide Intervention Development for Persons Living with HIV Who Self-Identify as African American Tobacco Smokers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (2019): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101703.
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Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH), with rates as high 50% as compared to 14% in the general U.S. population. Tobacco use causes morbidity and mortality in PLWH, and tobacco-related harm is substantially higher in PLWH than smokers in the general population, providing the scientific premise for developing effective tobacco cessation interventions in this population. To better address this issue, we conducted six focus group sessions with 45 African American smokers who are living with HIV to understand the barriers to smoking cessation and the strategies that would be helpful to overcome these barriers. We organized our findings by the Phase-Based Model of Smoking Treatment to understand the intervention components that are needed at each phase to help PLWH successfully quit smoking. Participants in our focus group sessions articulated key components for incorporation into tobacco cessation intervention for PLWH: a personalized plan for quitting, reminders about that plan, and a support system. Participants thought that their HIV and tobacco use were disassociated. Participants described barriers to the use of pharmacotherapy, including adverse side effects of the gum and patch and concerns about the negative health effects of some oral medications. Substance use was identified as a commonly co-occurring condition as well as a barrier to successfully ceasing to smoke tobacco products. In summary, these findings offer information on the components of a tobacco cessation intervention for PLWH, namely reminders, a support system, substance use treatment, and monitoring to prevent relapse.
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Calcides, Dâmaris Alejandra Paula, Rayssa da Nóbrega Didou, Enaldo Vieira de Melo, and Edméa Fontes de Oliva-Costa. "Burnout Syndrome in medical internship students and its prevention with Balint Group." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 65, no. 11 (2019): 1362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.11.1362.
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SUMMARY BACKGROUND: We intend to estimate the Burnout Syndrome prevalence and its associated factors among medical internship students at a public university in northeastern Brasil, besides investigating the Balint Group (BG) contribution in its prevention. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in February/2018 with Medical Internship Students at the University researched. We applied a structured questionnaire developed by the authors about socio-demographic data, educational process with BG participation, and current psycho-emotional experiences, in addition to the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey (MBI-SS), for Burnout Syndrome screening. We performed descriptive data analysis, logistic regression, and cluster analysis. RESULTS: A total of 184 students (98%) participated in the study, with a mean age of 25.9±3.9 years, of which 54.9% were men. The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was 10.3% based on the three-dimensional criterion and 35.9% on two-dimensional criterion (Exhaustion and Cynicism); it was higher in those who thought about quitting the program (OR=2.14), were dissatisfied with the teaching strategies (OR=2.67) and their performance (OR=2.64) and made use of licit drugs (OR=2.37). The variables associated with Burnout Syndrome allowed individuals to be discriminated, classifying them into three subgroups. Burnout Syndrome prevalence decreased, and vulnerability factors were attenuated when there was a higher frequency of students participating in BG. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of two-dimensional Burnout Syndrome was high, with factors associated with the educational process. Participation in BG was associated with a lower Burnout rate prevalence. Longitudinal studies should be conducted.
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Song, Lili, Yong Wang, ZhengLin Li, Ying Yang, and Hao Li. "Mental Health and Work Attitudes among People Resuming Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (2020): 5059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145059.
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The unprecedented outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused an economic downturn and increased the unemployment rate in China. In this context, employees face health and social economic stressors. To assess their mental health (i.e., anxiety, depression, insomnia and somatization) and work attitudes (i.e., work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intention) as well as the associated factors, we conducted a cross-sectional study among people who resumed work after the Spring Festival holiday during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia and somatization among these people was 12.7%, 13.5%, 20.7% and 6.6%, respectively. The major risk factor for mental health was worrying about unemployment, and the main protective factors were psychological strengths (i.e., resilience and optimism). Regarding work attitudes, the percentage of people who felt more satisfied with their job (43.8%) was larger than that of those who felt less satisfied (26.9%), while the percentage of people who thought about quitting their job more frequently (15.7%) was smaller than that of those who considered it less frequently (63.2%). However, work engagement was lower than usual. Similar to the factors associated with mental health, the major risk factor for work attitudes was also worrying about unemployment, and the main protective factors were resilience and optimism. In addition, the nature of the organization, job status, age, position and income changes were also related to these work attitudes. Our findings shed light on the need for organization administrators to be aware of the status of and factors associated with employees’ mental health and work attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policies or interventions could be developed based on our findings.
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Attenello, Frank J., Ian A. Buchanan, Timothy Wen, et al. "Factors associated with burnout among US neurosurgery residents: a nationwide survey." Journal of Neurosurgery 129, no. 5 (2018): 1349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.9.jns17996.
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OBJECTIVEExcessive dissatisfaction and stress among physicians can precipitate burnout, which results in diminished productivity, quality of care, and patient satisfaction and treatment adherence. Given the multiplicity of its harms and detriments to workforce retention and in light of the growing physician shortage, burnout has garnered much attention in recent years. Using a national survey, the authors formally evaluated burnout among neurosurgery trainees.METHODSAn 86-item questionnaire was disseminated to residents in the American Association of Neurological Surgeons database between June and November 2015. Questions evaluated personal and workplace stressors, mentorship, career satisfaction, and burnout. Burnout was assessed using the previously validated Maslach Burnout Inventory. Factors associated with burnout were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.RESULTSThe response rate with completed surveys was 21% (346/1643). The majority of residents were male (78%), 26–35 years old (92%), in a stable relationship (70%), and without children (73%). Respondents were equally distributed across all residency years. Eighty-one percent of residents were satisfied with their career choice, although 41% had at some point given serious thought to quitting. The overall burnout rate was 67%. In the multivariate analysis, notable factors associated with burnout included inadequate operating room exposure (OR 7.57, p = 0.011), hostile faculty (OR 4.07, p = 0.008), and social stressors outside of work (OR 4.52, p = 0.008). Meaningful mentorship was protective against burnout in the multivariate regression models (OR 0.338, p = 0.031).CONCLUSIONSRates of burnout and career satisfaction are paradoxically high among neurosurgery trainees. While several factors were predictive of burnout, including inadequate operative exposure and social stressors, meaningful mentorship proved to be protective against burnout. The documented negative effects of burnout on patient care and health care economics necessitate further studies for potential solutions to curb its rise.
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Naumova, Elena A., Tatyana I. Bonkalo, Andrey V. Golenkov, et al. "Smoking behavior of the population of Chuvashia on the results of dynamic observation." Health Care of the Russian Federation 64, no. 5 (2020): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/0044-197x-2020-64-5-271-277.
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The purpose of the research is to study smoking behavior in Chuvashia (one of the regions of Russia) in dynamics from 2014 to 2019. Material and methods. 2513 residents of the Chuvash Republic (1165 men and 1348 women) aged 15 to 92 years (average age - 43.0 ± 16.9 years) were interviewed anonymously. The questionnaire was used for the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), which is the standard for monitoring global tobacco use. Results. In 2019, 19.9% of the respondents (36.7% among men and 5.4% among women) regularly used tobacco products. On average, they smoked more than 14 cigarettes a day, the average age at starting daily smoking was 17.8 years. 53.8% of smokers have sought medical help in the last year and 76.2% of them received advice from a health worker to quit smoking. In 2019, compared to 2014, the number of intermittent smokers and former daily smokers significantly decreased. The average age of starting smoking increased from 16.5 to 17,8 years (for women it decreased from 18 to 17.7 years). Men began to try to quit smoking more often, while women did it less often. Both received the advice of a health worker to quit smoking more often. The respondents were less likely to pay attention to information on cigarette packs about the dangers of smoking, especially women, and, as a result, fewer smokers of both sexes thought about quitting smoking. The positive tendencies include a significant decrease in secondhand smoke at home (14,8%) and work (10%), including secondhand smoke among pregnant and lactating women. Conclusion. Over the past five years, the number of smokers in the Chuvash Republic has remained stable, which is associated with the state policy to combat tobacco consumption in Russia. However, a decrease in the proportion of the respondents who pay attention to information about the dangers of tobacco and who are less likely to think about abandoning tobacco smoking requires the search for new forms of prevention of smoking behavior among the residents of Chuvashia.
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Widyawati, Defi Putri, and Sudarsana Sudarsana. "PERILAKU SOSIAL PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI KOTA SURAKARTA." Journal of Development and Social Change 2, no. 2 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jodasc.v2i2.41670.
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This study was designed to describe the social conversations of callous women in Surakarta. As well as describing the factors that cause women to behave as callous women in Surakarta. This research is a case study using qualitative research. The subjects of the study were prostitutes, adolescent women as college students and single citizens in the Surakarta area as informants. Data collection using the method of observation and interviews in. Researchers are the main research instruments that provide observation guidelines and interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques used are data display, data reduction, and conclusions are drawn. Triangulation used is source triangulation. The results showed that the average informant who was a prostitute woman was still a girl. Regarding the work of the average informant has a main job Although small businesses, because the status as a prostitute woman calls only side. As parents, the average daughter does not know if she has worked as a prostitute. Informant's motivation in working as a prostitute woman on average wants to get more income to meet her needs. In choosing a job as a prostitute woman the average call informant has never had a plan towards being a prostitute woman, and never the status of prostitute women looking for work goals. Actions taken at work, as a tuna woman, and this information is only doubled, within 2 hours can be done to meet their needs for several months. In conducting discussions with coworkers in supermarkets and colleagues in entertainment venues, information on average is not difficult, they can work together, help each other, and foster good relations with one another. The average informant who has fear of the dangers of HIV that befell him. Make them always check their female health to the doctor. The thought of quitting work as immoral women asks all of them to stop because they also understand that this is not good to continue until old age. Factors that can cause informants to plunge into the world of prostitutes are high economic factors.
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Widyawati, Defi Putri, and Sudarsana Sudarsana. "PERILAKU SOSIAL PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL DI KOTA SURAKARTA." Journal of Development and Social Change 2, no. 2 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jodasc.v2i2.41662.
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This study was designed to describe the social conversations of callous women in Surakarta. As well as describing the factors that cause women to behave as callous women in Surakarta. This research is a case study using qualitative research. The subjects of the study were prostitutes, adolescent women as college students and single citizens in the Surakarta area as informants. Data collection using the method of observation and interviews in. Researchers are the main research instruments that provide observation guidelines and interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques used are data display, data reduction, and conclusions are drawn. Triangulation used is source triangulation. The results showed that the average informant who was a prostitute woman was still a girl. Regarding the work of the average informant has a main job Although small businesses, because the status as a prostitute woman calls only side. As parents, the average daughter does not know if she has worked as a prostitute. Informant's motivation in working as a prostitute woman on average wants to get more income to meet her needs. In choosing a job as a prostitute woman the average call informant has never had a plan towards being a prostitute woman, and never the status of prostitute women looking for work goals. Actions taken at work, as a tuna woman, and this information is only doubled, within 2 hours can be done to meet their needs for several months. In conducting discussions with coworkers in supermarkets and colleagues in entertainment venues, information on average is not difficult, they can work together, help each other, and foster good relations with one another. The average informant who has fear of the dangers of HIV that befell him. Make them always check their female health to the doctor. The thought of quitting work as immoral women asks all of them to stop because they also understand that this is not good to continue until old age. Factors that can cause informants to plunge into the world of prostitutes are high economic factors.
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Elmeguid, W. Abd, A. Kassem, R. Abdalla, and O. Moustafa. "Promoting Smoking Cessation Through New Media Tools Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 139s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.11500.
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Background and context: Tobacco use is a devastating problem all over the world and in the Middle East. In Egypt 20% of the adult populations are using any type of tobacco and the problem is increasing among youth especially waterpipe. Tobacco industry is targeting the youth through many ways and using indirect ways in drama and points of sale. Raising the awareness of the public about smoking hazards and benefits of quitting is one important strategy to control the epidemic. Providing support and help material is very important. Behavioral support and promoting change is very important using coaching strategies and using new tools is very helpful to reach youth. Aim: Motivating current smokers to quit through the effect of role model using new tools for behavioral support. Strategy/Tactics: Providing the message and support through new tools as WhatsApp, Instagram and Facebook where smokers who is able to quit provide information about their smoking experience and how they overcome it. Program/Policy process: Tobacco treatment specialist worked in collaboration with few young medical students to develop a Facebook page on the World No Tobacco Day 2016 and developed different posts about smoking problem and inviting viewers to add their inputs. During the early days of the campaign the team used the Facebook ads tool to promote for the page and this was sponsored by few supporters. The team who is in charge of managing the Facebook page then thought about new ideas to increase the reach and impact of the page where inviting smokers who was able to quit or take a selfie with a piece of paper writing how many days they were able to abide from smoking. The page during few months made a trend on social media. Outcomes: The reach of the page was 3 million and the reactions were 500 thousand engagement with 52 thousand members. About three thousand smokers were able to quit with following the stories sent on the page. What was learned: Using social media tools is very good way to reach out and mobilize the public to change the behavior.
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Peckham, Emily, Mei-See Man, Natasha Mitchell, et al. "Smoking Cessation Intervention for severe Mental Ill Health Trial (SCIMITAR): a pilot randomised control trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a bespoke smoking cessation service." Health Technology Assessment 19, no. 25 (2015): 1–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta19250.
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BackgroundThere is a high prevalence of smoking among people who experience severe mental ill health (SMI). Helping people with disorders such as bipolar illness and schizophrenia to quit smoking would help improve their health, increase longevity and also reduce health inequalities. Around half of people with SMI who smoke express an interest in cutting down or quitting smoking. There is limited evidence that smoking cessation can be achieved for people with SMI. Those with SMI rarely access routine NHS smoking cessation services. This suggests the need to develop and evaluate a behavioural support and medication package tailored to the needs of people with SMI.ObjectiveThe objective in this project was to conduct a pilot trial to establish acceptability of the intervention and to ensure the feasibility of recruitment, randomisation and follow-up. We also sought preliminary estimates of effect size in order to design a fully powered trial of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. The pilot should inform a fully powered trial to compare the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a bespoke smoking cessation (BSC) intervention with usual general practitioner (GP) care for people with SMI.DesignA pilot pragmatic two-arm individually randomised controlled trial (RCT). Simple randomisation was used following a computer-generated random number sequence. Participants and practitioners were not blinded to allocation.SettingPrimary care and secondary care mental health services in England.ParticipantsSmokers aged > 18 years with a severe mental illness who would like to cut down or quit smoking.InterventionsA BSC intervention delivered by mental health specialists trained to deliver evidence-supported smoking cessation interventions compared with usual GP care.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was carbon monoxide-verified smoking cessation at 12 months. Smoking-related secondary outcomes were reduction of number of cigarettes smoked, Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence and motivation to quit (MTQ). Other secondary outcomes were Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items and Short Form Questionnaire-12 items to assess whether there were improvements or deterioration in mental health and quality of life. We also measured body mass index to assess whether or not smoking cessation was associated with weight gain. These were measured at 1, 6 and 12 months post randomisation.ResultsThe trial recruited 97 people aged 19–73 years who smoked between 5 and 60 cigarettes per day (mean 25 cigarettes). Participants were recruited from four mental health trusts and 45 GP surgeries. Forty-six people were randomised to the BSC intervention and 51 people were randomised to usual GP care. The odds of quitting at 12 months was higher in the BSC intervention (36% vs. 23%) but did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio 2.9; 95% confidence interval 0.8% to 10.5%). At 3 and 6 months there was no evidence of difference in self-reported smoking cessation. There was a non-significant reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked and nicotine dependence. MTQ and number of quit attempts all increased in the BSC group compared with usual care. There was no difference in terms of quality of life at any time point, but there was evidence of an increase in depression scores at 12 months for the BSC group. There were no serious adverse events thought likely to be related to the trial interventions. The pilot economic analysis demonstrated that it was feasible to carry out a full economic analysis.ConclusionsIt was possible to recruit people with SMI from primary and secondary care to a trial of a smoking cessation intervention based around behavioural support and medication. The overall direction of effect was a positive trend in relation to biochemically verified smoking cessation and it was feasible to obtain follow-up in a substantial proportion of participants. A definitive trial of a bespoke cessation intervention has been prioritised by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and the SCIMITAR pilot trial forms a template for a fully powered RCT to examine clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN79497236.FundingThis project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment, Vol. 19, No. 25. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Silva, Geraldo Antonio da, Raul José Vicente Corrêa, Rebeca Corrêa, Cristiane Aparecida Silveira, and Sonia Maria Alves de Paiva. "Feelings experienced by nursing students during supervised training." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 5, no. 7 (2011): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.1262-12560-1-le.0507201111.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the feelings experienced by students during supervised training in Nursing, characterizing them according to their socioeconomic characteristics, correlating the feelings experienced during the theoretical and practical learning, and towards the interference in the teaching-learning process. Method: this descriptive, epidemiology, quali-quantitative study was performed using a semi-structured instrument. It was conducted with eighth- and ninth-semester nursing undergraduates of a private university in Southern Minas Gerais. The study was approved by the institution and the respective Research Ethics Review Board (0118.0.213.000-09). Results: the quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while Bardin’s content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Most students were between 22 to 26 years old, female, unmarried, without children and not working in the nursing area. In addition, it was revealed that the nursing program had been the student’s first choice among university courses. Of the total, 16 (23.9%) have thought about quitting because of a lack of time. In relation to the feelings experienced during the supervised training, two categories emerged: satisfaction, feelings of social utility and conflicting feelings. As for the subjects’ feelings towards the course and professional life, the following categories emerged: Feelings of fear, contradictory feelings, and feelings of satisfaction. Conclusion: educational institutions should build faculty awareness regarding the effect that student interaction has on improving the teaching-learning process, and that students should receive psychopedagogical support to minimize suffering by helping them during conflicts. Descriptors: nursing students; emotions; education.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar os sentimentos vivenciados pelos alunos durante o Estágio Supervisionado em Enfermagem; caracterizando-os quanto o perfil socioeconômico, correlacionando os sentimentos vivenciados durante a aprendizagem teórico-prático, e às interferências no processo ensino–aprendizagem. Método: estudo de abordagem quali-quantitativa de natureza descritiva e epidemiológica, utilizamos um instrumento semi-estruturado, realizado com os acadêmicos do oitavo e nono períodos do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem de uma Universidade privada do Sul de Minas Gerais, após aprovação da instituição de ensino e do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (0118.0.213.000-09). Resultados: a análise dos dados quantitativos foi através da estatística descritiva e os qualitativos através da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos alunos tinha idades entre 22 e 26 anos; eram do sexo feminino, solteiros, sem filhos e não trabalhavam na área, além disso, os resultados expuseram que o curso de enfermagem havia sido a primeira opção na hora da escolha do curso. Do total, 16 (23,9%) já pensaram em desistir por falta de tempo para se dedicar ao mesmo. Em relação aos sentimentos vivenciados durante o estágio supervisionado, emergiram duas categorias: Satisfação, sentimentos de utilidade social e Sentimentos conflitantes. Quanto aos sentimentos em relação ao curso e à vida profissional surgiram Sentimentos de temor, Sentimentos contraditórios e de Satisfação. Conclusão: recomenda-se que as instituições de ensino despertem nos docentes sobre importância da interação com os acadêmicos na melhora do ensino-aprendizagem, e que os alunos possam ter apoio psicopedagógicos durante a graduação, para que minimizem o sofrimento auxiliando-os durante os conflitos vivenciados. Descritores: estudantes de enfermagem; emoções; educação.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar los sentimientos experimentados por los estudiantes durante el periodo de practicas en Enfermería, caracterizándolos como el socioeconómico, la correlación de los sentimientos experimentados durante el aprendizaje teórico-práctico, y la injerencia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Método: se trata de un enfoque de la investigación epidemiológica cualitativo-cuantitativo y descriptivo, se utiliza un instrumento semi-estructurado. Se llevó a cabo con los estudiantes del octavo semestre y el noveno de la enfermería de una universidad privada del sur de Minas Gerais, después de la aprobación por la institución y el Comité de Ética de la Investigación (0118.0.213.000-09). Resultados: el análisis cuantitativo, mediante estadística descriptiva y datos cualitativos a través del análisis de contenido de Bardin. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los estudiantes tenían entre 22 y 26 años, sexo femenino, soltera, sin hijos y no trabajan en la zona, además, los resultados mostraron que el programa de enfermería había sido la primera opción en el momento de elección, por supuesto. Del total, 16 (23,9%) han pensado en dejar de fumar debido a la falta de tiempo para dedicarse a ella. En relación a los sentimientos experimentados durante el entrenamiento supervisado, emergieron dos categorías: la satisfacción, el sentimiento de utilidad social y los sentimientos en conflicto. En cuanto a los sentimientos hacia el campo y llegó a la vida sentimientos de miedo, sentimientos de satisfacción y contradictorias. Conclusión: se recomienda que las instituciones educativas a raíz de la importancia de la interacción docente con los estudiantes en la mejora de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje y que los estudiantes pueden tener durante su psicología de la educación de pregrado, para minimizar el sufrimiento, ayudándoles en los conflictos con experiencia. Descriptores: estudiantes de enfermería, las emociones, la educación.
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Bäulke, Lisa, Carola Grunschel, and Markus Dresel. "Student dropout at university: a phase-orientated view on quitting studies and changing majors." European Journal of Psychology of Education, May 11, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10212-021-00557-x.
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AbstractStudent dropout can be conceptualized as a decision-making process, consisting of different phases. Based on previous literature on student dropout, decision-making, and action-phases, we proposed that the process of developing dropout intentions includes the following phases: non-fit perception, thoughts of quitting/changing, deliberation, information search, and a final decision. In the present cross-sectional study, we empirically investigated if the assumed phases can be distinguished from each other, if the phases follow the presumed order, and whether each phase is associated with certain characteristics. Furthermore, we considered a strict separation between quitting studies completely and changing a major. For this purpose, we analyzed data of N = 1005 students (average age of 23.0 years; 53% female; 47% male) from a German University. By using confirmatory factor analyses, we found the supposed factor structure for the different phases concerning both kinds of dropout, quitting studies, and changing majors. In each process, structural equation modelling indicated positive relations between adjoining phases. The factor values correlated to a substantial amount with an assortment of variables associated with student dropout. On a theoretical level, the conception of different phases of student dropout helps to get a better understanding of regulatory processes in the context of student dropout.
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Nicholson, Anna, Ron Borland, Pele Bennet, et al. "The effect of pack warning labels on quitting and related thoughts and behaviours in a national cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers." Nicotine & Tobacco Research, January 8, 2017, ntw396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw396.
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