Relevant bibliographies by topics / Thraustochytrids

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Academic literature on the topic 'Thraustochytrids'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 September 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Thraustochytrids"

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Hà, Nguyễn Thị Hoài, Phạm Thị Bích Đào, and Nguyễn Đình Tuấn. "Taxonomic characterization of ten Thraustochytrids strains isolated from mangrove Xuan Thuy, Nam Dinh." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/14/2/9364.

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Thraustochytrids have become of considerable industrial and scientific interest in the past decade due to their health benefits. Thraustochytrids are found in a wide variety of marine habitats such as the coastal, mangrove and sediments including the deep sea. Thraustochytrids are extremely common on the detritus, macroalgae and decaying leaf, they play an important role as organic matter-degrading microorganisms Thraustochytrids are unicellular, eukaryotic, chemo-organotrophic organisms. Ten thraustochytrids strains PT269, PT270, PT273, PT274, PT279, PT284, PT285, PT287, PT81, PT84 were isolated from four locations in Xuan Thuy mangroves, Nam Dinh. In this report, classification is based on morphology and 18S rDNA sequences. Ten Thraustochytrid strains could be classified into three types of colony and four types of cell morphology. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences showed homology score to be 99-100% and these strains belonged to four genera in the family Thraustochytriaceae. PT269, PT279, PT284 and PT287 strains belong to Aurantiochytrium genus, they produce amoeboid cells and occur successive binary division. PT273 and PT285 strains belong to Thraustochytrium genus, thallus directly develop and cleave into sporangium. PT274 strain belong to Aplanochytrium genus with two distinct development, amoeboid cells are found, they rapidly round up and become sporangium; and successive binary cell division. PT270, PT81 and PT84 strains belong to genus Schizochytrium, they have successive binary cell division, zoospores release.
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Kobayashi, Takumi, Keishi Sakaguchi, Takanori Matsuda, Eriko Abe, Yoichiro Hama, Masahiro Hayashi, Daiske Honda, et al. "Increase of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Thraustochytrids through Thraustochytrid Ubiquitin Promoter-Driven Expression of a Fatty Acid Δ5 Desaturase Gene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 11 (April 8, 2011): 3870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02664-10.

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ABSTRACTThraustochytrids, marine protists known to accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in lipid droplets, are considered an alternative to fish oils as a source of PUFAs. The major fatty acids produced in thraustochytrids are palmitic acid (C16:0),n− 6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) (C22:5n− 6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6n− 3), with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5n− 3) and arachidonic acid (AA) (C20:4n− 6) as minor constituents. We attempted here to alter the fatty acid composition of thraustochytrids through the expression of a fatty acid Δ5 desaturase gene driven by the thraustochytrid ubiquitin promoter. The gene was functionally expressed inAurantiochytrium limacinummh0186, increasing the amount of EPA converted from eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA) (C20:4n− 3) by the Δ5 desaturase. The levels of EPA and AA were also increased by 4.6- and 13.2-fold in the transgenic thraustochytrids compared to levels in the mock transfectants when ETA and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) (C20:3n− 6) were added to the culture at 0.1 mM. Interestingly, the amount of EPA in the transgenic thraustochytrids increased in proportion to the amount of ETA added to the culture up to 0.4 mM. The rates of conversion and accumulation of EPA were much higher in the thraustochytrids than in baker's yeasts when the desaturase gene was expressed with the respective promoters. This report describes for the first time the finding that an increase of EPA could be accomplished by introducing the Δ5 desaturase gene into thraustochytrids and indicates that molecular breeding of thraustochytrids is a promising strategy for generating beneficial PUFAs.
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Rau, E.-Ming, and Helga Ertesvåg. "Method Development Progress in Genetic Engineering of Thraustochytrids." Marine Drugs 19, no. 9 (September 11, 2021): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19090515.

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Thraustochytrids are unicellular, heterotrophic marine eukaryotes. Some species are known to store surplus carbon as intracellular lipids, and these also contain the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Most vertebrates are unable to synthesize sufficient amounts of DHA, and this fatty acid is essential for, e.g., marine fish, domesticated animals, and humans. Thraustochytrids may also produce other commercially valuable fatty acids and isoprenoids. Due to the great potential of thraustochytrids as producers of DHA and other lipid-related molecules, a need for more knowledge on this group of organisms is needed. This necessitates the ability to do genetic manipulation of the different strains. Thus far, this has been obtained for a few strains, while it has failed for other strains. Here, we systematically review the genetic transformation methods used for different thraustochytrid strains, with the aim of aiding studies on strains not yet successfully transformed. The designs of transformation cassettes are also described and compared. Moreover, the potential problems when trying to establish transformation protocols in new thraustochytrid species/strains are discussed, along with suggestions utilized in other organisms to overcome similar challenges. The approaches discussed in this review could be a starting point when designing protocols for other non-model organisms.
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Sakaguchi, Keishi, Takanori Matsuda, Takumi Kobayashi, Jun-ichiro Ohara, Rie Hamaguchi, Eriko Abe, Naoki Nagano, et al. "Versatile Transformation System That Is Applicable to both Multiple Transgene Expression and Gene Targeting for Thraustochytrids." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 9 (February 17, 2012): 3193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07129-11.

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ABSTRACTA versatile transformation system for thraustochytrids, a promising producer for polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid-derived fuels, was established. G418, hygromycin B, blasticidin, and zeocin inhibited the growth of thraustochytrids, indicating that multiple selectable marker genes could be used in the transformation system. A neomycin resistance gene (neor), driven with an ubiquitin or an EF-1α promoter-terminator fromThraustochytrium aureumATCC 34304, was introduced into representatives of two thraustochytrid genera,AurantiochytriumandThraustochytrium. Theneormarker was integrated into the chromosomal DNA by random recombination and then functionally translated intoneormRNA. Additionally, we confirmed that another two genera,ParietichytriumandSchizochytrium, could be transformed by the same method. By this method, the enhanced green fluorescent protein was functionally expressed in thraustochytrids. Meanwhile,T. aureumATCC 34304 could be transformed by two 18S ribosomal DNA-targeting vectors, designed to cause single- or double-crossover homologous recombination. Finally, the fatty acid Δ5 desaturase gene was disrupted by double-crossover homologous recombination inT. aureumATCC 34304, resulting in an increase of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (C20:3n-6) and eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4n-3), substrates for Δ5 desaturase, and a decrease of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), products for the enzyme. These results clearly indicate that a versatile transformation system which could be applicable to both multiple transgene expression and gene targeting was established for thraustochytrids.
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Đào, Phạm Thị Bích, Nguyễn Đình Tuấn, Trần Đăng Khoa, Chử Thị Huyên, Đỗ Hoàng Thành, and Nguyễn Thị Hoài Hà. "Lipid biosynthesis of ten thraustochytrid strains isolated from mangrove Xuan Thuy, Nam Dinh." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/14/2/9365.

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The features of polyunsaturated fatty acid-PUFA structures were corresponded to each separate functions as adjusting the cellular physiology and gene expression. Therefore, lack of PUFA could lead to abnormalities in skin, kidney, neural networks, immune responses and inflammation; cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory and reproductive systems. In fish oil, PUFA content were low, thus it was difficult to produce on a large scale. Therefore, the exploration of PUFA sources particularly as arachidonic acid-AA, eicosapentaenoic acid EPA, docosapentaenoic acid-DPA/DHA attracted many researches. Heterotrophic microalgae Thraustochytrids were capable of producing high amounts of DHA and PUFA composition varied. DHA can be synthesized by the metabolism of AA, EPA and DPA. The different types of PUFA reflected relationships in classification. Ten heterotrophic microalgae thraustochytrids isolated from mangrove Xuan Thuy, Nam Dinh contain fatty acid composition varied from C12 to C28. Especially, they had two important fatty acids of PUFA as EPA and DPA. Polyunsaturated fatty acids - PUFA content of ten thraustochytrid strains were from 28.95 to 49.62% total lipid. DPA compared to other PUFA were high for all thraustochytrid strains studied, accounting 20.22 to 39.35% TFA. Ten thraustochytrid strains had the highest growth with carbon source as glucose, total lipid reached 7 to 12.35 % dry weight biomass after 72 hours. Growth rate and lipid biosynthesis in organic nitrogen source were higher than in inorganic nitrogen sources. The best source of nitrogen for growth and lipid biosynthesis of ten thraustochytrid strains is yeast extract, total lipid were 8.57 to 18.87% dry weight biomass after 72 hours.
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Bartosova, Zdenka, Helga Ertesvåg, Eirin Lishaugen Nyfløt, Kristoffer Kämpe, Inga Marie Aasen, and Per Bruheim. "Combined Metabolome and Lipidome Analyses for In-Depth Characterization of Lipid Accumulation in the DHA Producing Aurantiochytrium sp. T66." Metabolites 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11030135.

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Thraustochytrids are marine heterotrophic microorganisms known for their potential to accumulate docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched lipids. There have been many attempts to improve thraustochytrid DHA bioprocesses, especially through traditional optimization of cultivation and media conditions. Nevertheless, thraustochytrid-based bioprocesses are still not commercially competitive for high volume-low cost production of DHA. Thus, it is realized that genetic and metabolic engineering strategies are needed for the development of commercially competitive thraustochytrid DHA cell factories. Here, we present an analytical workflow for high resolution phenotyping at metabolite and lipid levels to generate deeper insight into the thraustochytrid physiology, with particular focus on central carbon and redox metabolism. We use time-series sampling during unlimited growth and nitrogen depleted triggering of DHA synthesis and lipid accumulation (LA) to show-case our methodology. The mass spectrometric absolute quantitative metabolite profiling covered glycolytic, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites, amino acids, complete (deoxy)nucleoside phosphate pools, CoA and NAD metabolites, while semiquantitative high-resolution supercritical fluid chromatography MS/MS was applied for the lipid profiling. Interestingly, trace amounts of a triacylglycerols (TG) with DHA incorporated in all three acyl positions was detected, while TGs 16:0_16:0_22:6 and 16:0_22:6_22:6 were among the dominant lipid species. The metabolite profiling data indicated that lipid accumulation is not limited by availability of the acyl chain carbon precursor acetyl-CoA nor reducing power (NADPH) but rather points to the TG head group precursor glycerol-3-phosphate as the potential cause at the metabolite level for the gradual decline in lipid production throughout the cultivation. This high-resolution phenotyping provides new knowledge of changes in the central metabolism during growth and LA in thraustochytrids and will guide target selection for metabolic engineering needed for further improvements of this DHA cell factory.
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Stefánsson, Magnús Örn, Sigurður Baldursson, Kristinn P. Magnússon, Arnheiður Eyþórsdóttir, and Hjörleifur Einarsson. "Isolation, Characterization and Biotechnological Potentials of Thraustochytrids from Icelandic Waters." Marine Drugs 17, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17080449.

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The following study reports on the first thraustochytrid isolates identified from Iceland. They were collected from three different locations off the northern coast of the country (Location A, Skagaströnd; Location B, Hveravík; and Location C, Eyjafjörður). Using 18S rDNA sequence analysis, isolates from Locations A and B were identified within the Thraustochytrium kinnei species while other isolates within the Sicyoidochytrium minutum species when compared to other known strains. Cells isolated from Locations A ( 2 . 10 ± 0 . 70 g/L) and B ( 1 . 54 ± 0 . 17 g/L) produced more biomass than the ones isolated from Location C ( 0 . 43 ± 0 . 02 g/L). This study offers the first-time examination of the utility of byproducts from fisheries as a nitrogen source in media formulation for thraustochytrids. Experiments showed that isolates produced more biomass (per unit of substrate) when cultured on nitrogen of marine ( 2 . 55 ± 0 . 74 g/L) as compared to of commercial origin ( 1 . 06 ± 0 . 57 g/L). Glycerol ( 2 . 43 ± 0 . 56 g/L) was a better carbon source than glucose ( 1 . 84 ± 0 . 57 g/L) in growth studies. Fatty acid (FA) profiles showed that the isolates from Location C (S. minutum) had low ratios of monounsaturated ( 4 . 21 ± 2 . 96 % ) and omega-6 ( 0 . 68 ± 0 . 59 % ) FAs. However, the isolates also had high ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 35 . 65 ± 1 . 73 % ) and total omega-3 FAs ( 40 . 39 ± 2 . 39 % ), indicating that they could serve as a source of marine oils for human consumption and in aquaculture feeds. The T. kinnei isolates from Location A could be used in biodiesel production due to their high ratios of monounsaturated ( 18 . 38 ± 6 . 27 % ) long chain ( 57 . 43 ± 8 . 27 % ) FAs.
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Rau, E.-Ming, Inga Marie Aasen, and Helga Ertesvåg. "A non-canonical Δ9-desaturase synthesizing palmitoleic acid identified in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, no. 14-15 (July 22, 2021): 5931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11425-5.

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Abstract Thraustochytrids are oleaginous marine eukaryotic microbes currently used to produce the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). To improve the production of this essential fatty acid by strain engineering, it is important to deeply understand how thraustochytrids synthesize fatty acids. While DHA is synthesized by a dedicated enzyme complex, other fatty acids are probably synthesized by the fatty acid synthase, followed by desaturases and elongases. Which unsaturated fatty acids are produced differs between different thraustochytrid genera and species; for example, Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, but not Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21, synthesizes palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7). How strain T66 can produce these fatty acids has not been known, because BLAST analyses suggest that strain T66 does not encode any Δ9-desaturase-like enzyme. However, it does encode one Δ12-desaturase-like enzyme. In this study, the latter enzyme was expressed in A. limacinum SR21, and both C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-7 could be detected in the transgenic cells. Our results show that this desaturase, annotated T66Des9, is a Δ9-desaturase accepting C16:0 as a substrate. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the corresponding gene probably has evolved from a Δ12-desaturase-encoding gene. This possibility has not been reported earlier and is important to consider when one tries to deduce the potential a given organism has for producing unsaturated fatty acids based on its genome sequence alone. Key points • In thraustochytrids, automatic gene annotation does not always explain the fatty acids produced. • T66Des9 is shown to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7). • T66des9 has probably evolved from Δ12-desaturase-encoding genes.
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Leyland, Ben, Stefan Leu, and Sammy Boussiba. "Are Thraustochytrids algae?" Fungal Biology 121, no. 10 (October 2017): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.07.006.

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Leyton, Allison, Liset Flores, Carolina Shene, Yusuf Chisti, Giovanni Larama, Juan A. Asenjo, and Roberto E. Armenta. "Antarctic Thraustochytrids as Sources of Carotenoids and High-Value Fatty Acids." Marine Drugs 19, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19070386.

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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and carotenoids are needed as human dietary supplements and are essential components in commercial feeds for the production of aquacultured seafood. Microorganisms such as thraustochytrids are potential natural sources of these compounds. This research reports on the lipid and carotenoid production capacity of thraustochytrids that were isolated from coastal waters of Antarctica. Of the 22 isolates, 21 produced lipids containing EPA+DHA, and the amount of these fatty acids exceeded 20% of the total fatty acids in 12 isolates. Ten isolates were shown to produce carotenoids (27.4–63.9 μg/g dry biomass). The isolate RT2316-16, identified as Thraustochytrium sp., was the best producer of biomass (7.2 g/L in five days) rich in carotenoids (63.9 μg/g) and, therefore, became the focus of this investigation. The main carotenoids in RT2316-16 were β-carotene and canthaxanthin. The content of EPA+DHA in the total lipids (34 ± 3% w/w in dry biomass) depended on the stage of growth of RT2316-16. Lipid and carotenoid content of the biomass and its concentration could be enhanced by modifying the composition of the culture medium. The estimated genome size of RT2316-16 was 44 Mb. Of the 5656 genes predicted from the genome, 4559 were annotated. These included genes of most of the enzymes in the elongation and desaturation pathway of synthesis of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Carotenoid precursors in RT2316-16 were synthesized through the mevalonate pathway. A β-carotene synthase gene, with a different domain organization compared to the gene in other thraustochytrids, explained the carotenoid profile of RT2316-16.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thraustochytrids"

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Jaritkhuan, Somtawin. "Thraustochytrids as a food source in aquaculture." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343334.

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Jakobsen, Anita Nordeng. "Compatible solutes and docosahexaenoic acid accumulation of thraustochytrids of the Aurantiochytrium group." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2213.

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is linked to various health benefits in humans including cognitive and visual development of infants and reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and mental illnesses of adults. Fish

oil, with an annual production of about 600,000 tons is at present the major source of DHA. However, the production of fish oils is expected to become inadequate for supplying an expanding market within few years. Thraustochytrids are marine heterotrophic producers of PUFA-rich triacylglycerols which represent an alternative source of DHA.

The focus of this thesis has been split between a basic study of the osmolyte system of traustochytrids and work towards an understanding of their growth kinetics, effects of nutrient depletion, and lipid and DHA accumulation. Three new osmotolerant thraustochytrid isolates (T65, T66, and T67) and the previously known Schizochytrium sp. strain S8 (ATCC 20889) were assigned to the genus Aurantiochytrium based on 18S ribosomal DNA phylogeny, morphology and PUFA profiles (approximately 80% DHA). Strains T66 and S8 displayed a nearly linear increase in cellular content of endogenously synthesized (-)-proto-quercitol and glycine betaine with increasing osmotic strength. This represented the first demonstration of accumulation of principal compatible solutes in thraustochytrids. A less osmotolerant isolate (Thraustochytriidae sp. strain T29), which was closely phylogenetically related to Thraustochytrium aureum (ATCC 34304) did not accumulate glycine betaine or (-)-proto-quercitol, illustrating a variation in osmolyte systems and osmotolerance levels among thraustochytrids.

To study the effects of nutrient limitations, Aurantiochytrium sp. strain T66 was grown in batch bioreactor cultures in a defined glutamate and glycerol containing medium with various medium limitations. N and P starvation and O2 limitation initiated lipid accumulation. N starvation alone or in combination with O2 limitation yielded the highest lipid contents obtained in this study, i.e., 54 to 63% of cell dry weight with a corresponding cell density of 90 to 100 g l-1 dry biomass. The DHA-content of N starved cells was 29% of total fatty acids, while O2 limitation increased the DHA-content up to 52%. Simultaneously, O2 limitation abolished accumulation of monounsaturated fatty acids. We inferred that the biological explanation is that O2 limitation hindered activity of the O2-dependent desaturase(s) responsible for production of monounsaturated fatty acids, and favored the O2-independent PUFA synthase. The highest DHA-productivity observed was 93 mg l-1 h-l, obtained during sequential N starvation and O2 limitation. This

productivity approaches the highest values previously reported for thraustochytrids, and indicates that T66 may become a candidate organism for a future large-scale microbial PUFA production process.

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Bowles, Robert David. "Production of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by thraustochytrids : physiology and optimisation." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368473.

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Fossier, Marchan Loris. "A novel genus of Scottish thraustochytrids and investigation of their capacity for the production of docosahexaenoic acid." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3243.

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Omega-3 fatty acids, in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been extensively studied for many decades for their health benefitting properties in pre-natal development, cardiovascular and Alzheimer diseases and enhancing the inflammatory immune response system. DHA has also been shown to be essential for the optimal development of fish, and therefore is an important ingredient in fish feed. However, due to fish oil and fish meal supplies currently facing many challenges (e.g. heavy metal contamination, environmental impacts, etc.), the demand for alternative sources of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) is predicted to rise in the near future. To meet these challenges, oleaginous microorganisms that produce omega-3 FAs have been explored as a potential new resource, with a particular emphasis on the thraustochytrid group. In this study, ten new strains of thraustochytrids, that were originally isolated from Scottish marine waters, were investigated for their biotechnological potential. The first phase of the project identified the new strains as a novel genus of thraustochytrid, for which the name Caledonichytrium matryoshkum gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The description was based on a polyphasic analysis that employed phylogenetic analysis, biochemical signatures (PUFA and carotenoid profiles) and morphological and life cycle assessment studies. After identification, the strains were screened for their potential as DHA single-cell oil producers. The strains were assessed in two media types and at two time points of growth phase. With a view to their industrial application, a mathematical study was also included to seek opportunity for recycling by-product oil as biodiesel. The results showed that one of the strains, OL5TA, produced the highest relative level of DHA (63% of total FA) than any other strain reported to date in a screening study. However, the low final biomass concentrations reached (< 1 g L-1), and the low total lipid content measured (< 7% of dry cell weight, DCW), were considered major hurdles to overcome for industrial application. To address these issues, the optimisation of the culture conditions was carried out in the following stage. The results showed no consumption of glucose at 0.1% or 2% concentration, suggesting the inability of the strain to assimilate glucose. This may have hindered competitive biomass concentrations compared to that by other strains reported in the literature. To remediate this inability, a preliminary study was conducted to determine carbon source utilisation and carotenoid production to seek other routes for medium optimisation and biotechnological potential. The study concluded by identifying a potential route of exploitation for galactose and long carbon chain as sole carbon sources.
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Schwill, Richard. "Structural, biochemical and molecular studies on thraustochytrium." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511400.

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葉翠宜 and Chui-yee Yap. "Production of docosahexaenoic acid by thraustochytrium SP. under heterotrophic conditions of growth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227004.

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Yap, Chui-yee. "Production of docosahexaenoic acid by thraustochytrium SP. under heterotrophic conditions of growth /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24533324.

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Slater, Joanne Lesley. "A molecular study of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid production by Thraustochytrium striatum." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343386.

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Santos, Mafalda Trovão dos. "Heterotrophic growth of thraustochytrids strains: screening, optimization and scale-up." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/87630.

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Thraustochytrids are well-reported microorganisms with an outstanding ability to produce and accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In the present study, a lab-scale optimization on medium and fermentation parameters, was carried out with Aurantiochytrium sp. 0043 AA aiming at high cell biomass, lipids and DHA yields. Medium optimization was performed based on the literature, focused on the screening of different C and N sources, on the concentration of each source as well as on the ratio and feeding strategies. In addition, other fermentation parameters were optimized, such as initial inoculum conditions (volume, age and stage), different oxygen transfer rates and pH. Later on, the growth performances of Aurantiochytrium sp. 0050 AA and 0051 AA, were compared to strain 0043 AA. The respective cryopreservation processes weres completed and the banks validated, with the exception of the master cell bank (MCB1) of strain 0051 AA. Overall, lab-scale optimization of strain 0043 AA allowed to increase biomass yield by 2fold and improve lipid and DHA contents from 22.78% and 1.25% to 31.14% and 29.66%, respectively. Furthermore, with strain 0051 AA, a maximum dry weight (DW) of 80.15 g/L was obtained, with concomitant lipid and DHA contents of 60.34% and 38.81%, respectively. Although several conditions were tested in the 5 L bench-top reactor, cultivation was not successful due to the shear-sensitive cells of this species and further trials on fermentation parameters and reactor design are required to enable the scale-up.
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Kuo, Ting-Yu, and 郭庭妤. "Fermentation Conditions for High Value Compounds in Thraustochytrids and Life Cycle Assessment." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bz2cry.

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碩士
國立中山大學
海洋生物科技暨資源學系研究所
107
Thraustochytrids is a kind of heterotrophic microalgae. The ratio of lipid to cell dry weight can reach 50%. It is considered to have the potential to develop the biofuel. In some species, even high valued compounds such as carotenoids are produced. This study selected Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45 as the optimal condition for the production of astaxanthin and life cycle assessment. During the screening stage of the medium, the results showed that the medium with high nitrogen content favored the accumulation of DHA. At the same carbon source concentration and the C/N ratio, the medium with low nitrogen content was more favorable for the accumulation of astaxanthin. Fermentation culture results showed that Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45 is not suitable for the cultivation of waste cooking oil as a carbon source. In addition, there is a significant difference in the accumulation of astaxanthin with or without LED blue light at Fed-batch cultivation. Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45 without LED blue light, the accumulation of astaxanthin per unit algae is 7.27 g/g, and the total yield of astaxanthin is 62.17 g/L. If it is with LED blue light during fermentation, the accumulation of astaxanthin per unit algae can reach 28.20 g/g, and the total output of astaxanthin is 172.06 g/L, which is about 4 times higher. The life cycle assessment of carbon footprint and environmental impact was performed on the results of the astaxanthin cultured in Aurantiochytrium sp. AP45. The functional unit was 1 g astaxanthin. The cultivation stage is a great emission source of carbon footprint and environmental impact. The carbon footprint of the cultivation stage is about 2,180 kgCO2e/g, mainly from the electricity required for LED illumination. The acetone used in the extraction stage is a great impact source at Carcinogens category . Most of the existing research on micro-algae put a lot of effort on algae biofuels. However, there are very few studies on health foods and cosmetics. The life cycle assessment of health foods for heterotrophic microalgae is almost none. Therefore, the present investigation contributes to the life cycle assessment study of the astaxanthin production in heterotrophic algae.
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Books on the topic "Thraustochytrids"

1

Jaritkhuan, Somtawin. Thraustochytrids as a food source in aquaculture. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, School of Biological Sciences, 2001.

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2

Bowles, Robert David. Production of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by thraustochytrids: Physiology and optimisation. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, School of Biological Sciences, 1997.

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3

Marine thraustochytrids and chytridiomycetes in the North Sea area and in selected other regions. Berlin: J. Cramer in der Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchh., 1990.

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Hunt, Alison Elizabeth. The production of the n-3 polyunsaturate docosahexaenoic acid by members of the marine protistan group of the thraustochytrids. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, School of Biological Sciences, 2000.

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Slater, Joanne Lesley. A molecular study of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid production by Thraustochytrium striatum. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, School of Biological Sciences, 2001.

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Khwāmlāklāi thāng chīwaphāp læ kānprayukchai thrō̜tthōkhaitrit čhāk pā chāilēn pen lǣng krot khaiman mai ʻimtūa sūng nai kānpho̜līang satnam: Rāingān kānwičhai = Biodiversity of thraustochytrids from mangrove forest and its application as the food source of highly unsaturated fatty acids in aquaculture. [Chon Buri]: Khana Witthayāsāt, Mahāwitthayālai Būraphā, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thraustochytrids"

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Bongiorni, Lucia. "Thraustochytrids, a Neglected Component of Organic Matter Decomposition and Food Webs in Marine Sediments." In Biology of Marine Fungi, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5_1.

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Nakai, Ryosuke, and Takeshi Naganuma. "Diversity and Ecology of Thraustochytrid Protists in the Marine Environment." In Marine Protists, 331–46. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55130-0_13.

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Aki, Tsunehiro, Hiroaki Iwasaka, Hirofumi Adachi, Maya Nanko, Hiroko Kawasaki, Seiji Kawamoto, Toshihide Kakizono, and Kazuhisa Ono. "Modification of Lipid Composition by Genetic Engineering in Oleaginous Marine Microorganism, Thraustochytrid." In Biocatalysis and Biomolecular Engineering, 99–104. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470608524.ch7.

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Hayashi, Masahiro, Ayako Matsuda, and Aya Nagaoka. "Fatty Acid Production from Xylose by Xylose-Assimilating Thraustochytrid and Cellular NADPH/NADP+ Balance." In Electron-Based Bioscience and Biotechnology, 121–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4763-8_9.

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Meyer, A., C. Ott, and E. Heinz. "Biochemical Studies on the Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Euglena and Thraustochytrium." In Advanced Research on Plant Lipids, 129–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0159-4_29.

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Fan, King Wai, and Feng Chen. "Production of High-Value Products by Marine Microalgae Thraustochytrids." In Bioprocessing for Value-Added Products from Renewable Resources, 293–323. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452114-9/50012-8.

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Damare, Varada S. "Advances in isolation and preservation strategies of ecologically important marine protists, the thraustochytrids." In Advances in Biological Science Research, 485–500. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817497-5.00030-6.

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Bowles, R. D., A. E. Hunt, G. B. Bremer, M. G. Duchars, and R. A. Eaton. "Long-chain n — 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid production by members of the marine protistan group the thraustochytrids: screening of isolates and optimisation of docosahexaenoic acid production." In Progress in Industrial Microbiology, 193–202. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6352(99)80112-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thraustochytrids"

1

Battung, Mary Jocelyn V., Ephrime B. Metillo, and Jose M. Oclarit. "Increased biomass and adsorption of used diesel oil by Thraustochytrids." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5780787.

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Oclarit, Jose M., and Nathaniel L. Hepowit. "DNA Amplicons using Arbitrary Primers Distinguish Polymorphic Loci Among Mangrove Thraustochytrid Genomes." In OCEANS 2007 - Europe. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2007.4302194.

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