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Journal articles on the topic 'Threat Appraisals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Berjot, S., C. Roland-Levy, and N. Girault-Lidvan. "Cognitive Appraisals of Stereotype Threat." Psychological Reports 108, no. 2 (2011): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/04.07.21.pr0.108.2.585-598.

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Using the cognitive appraisal conceptualisation of the transactional model of stress, the goal was to assess how victims of stereotype threat respond to this situation in terms of primary appraisals (threat/challenge) and to investigate whether those appraisals may mediate the relation between stereotype threat and performance. Results show that, while participants from North Africa living in France did appraise the situation more as a threat and less as a challenge, only challenge appraisal mediated between stereotype threat and performance.

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Cumming, Samuel J. D., Martin J. Turner, and Marc Jones. "Longitudinal Changes in Elite Rowers’ Challenge and Threat Appraisals of Pressure Situations: A Season-Long Observational Study." Sport Psychologist 31, no. 3 (2017): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2016-0087.

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Challenge cognitive appraisals are associated with superior performance compared with threat (Jones, Meijen, McCarthy, & Sheffield, 2009). However, research has not examined longitudinal temporal patterns of challenge and threat appraisals. In this study, 14 (five female) elite rowers (Mage = 25.79 years, SD = 2.67) provided self-reported appraisals data at four time points (baseline; before national trials; before the second world rowing cup regatta; and before the world rowing championships). The rowers’ predisposed appraisal style predicted subsequent appraisals. Challenge and self-effi

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Sillars, Angela A., and Elizabeth L. Davis. "Children’s challenge and threat appraisals vary by discrete emotion, age, and gender." International Journal of Behavioral Development 42, no. 5 (2017): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025417739178.

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Three decades of research have examined children’s challenge and threat appraisals, yet unresolved issues remain. This study provides new insight about three central, open questions in this field: How do challenge and threat appraisals relate to events eliciting discrete negative emotions? How do challenge appraisals develop across childhood, and are there gender differences across development? In this cross-sectional study, 172 children (three age groups: 3–5 years, 6–8 years, and 9–11 years) and 89 young adults (ages 17–26) described sad, scary, and anger-provoking autobiographical experienc

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Meredith, Pamela J., Jenny Strong, and Judith A. Feeney. "Evidence of a Relationship between Adult Attachment Variables and Appraisals of Chronic Pain." Pain Research and Management 10, no. 4 (2005): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/745650.

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OBJECTIVE: Although threat and challenge appraisals of pain have been linked to both the acute and laboratory-induced pain experience, these appraisals have not yet been explored in relation to chronic pain. In addition, although attachment theory has been separately linked to the chronic pain experience and to responses to perceived threat, it has not been explored in the context of threat and challenge appraisals of chronic pain. The present paper addresses these two main goals.METHODS: A sample of 141 participants reporting noncancer pain longer than two months in duration completed a batte

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Levkovich, Inbar, Miri Cohen, Shimon Pollack, Karen Drumea, and Georgeta Fried. "Cancer-related fatigue and depression in breast cancer patients postchemotherapy: Different associations with optimism and stress appraisals." Palliative and Supportive Care 13, no. 5 (2014): 1141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147895151400087x.

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AbstractObjective:Symptoms of depression and cancer-related fatigue (CRF) are common among breast cancer patients postchemotherapy and may seriously impair quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the relationship between depression and CRF in breast cancer patients postchemotherapy and to examine their relationships to optimism and to threat and challenge appraisals.Method:Participants included 95 breast cancer patients (stages 1–3) 1 to 6 months after completion of chemotherapy. Patients submitted personal and medical details and completed the following: physical symptom questionnai

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Dudley, Robert, Markku Wood, Helen Spencer, Alison Brabban, Urs P. Mosimann, and Daniel Collerton. "Identifying Specific Interpretations and Use of Safety Behaviours in People with Distressing Visual Hallucinations: An Exploratory Study." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 40, no. 3 (2012): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465811000750.

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Background: Visual hallucinations (VH) are a common experience and can be distressing and disabling, particularly for people suffering from psychotic illness. However, not everyone with visual hallucinations reports the experience to be distressing. Models of VH propose that appraisals of VH as a threat to wellbeing and the use of safety seeking behaviours help maintain the distress. Aims: This study investigated whether people with distressing VH report threat appraisals and use safety behaviours. Method: The study utilized a single group descriptive design, in which 15 participants with psyc

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Osborne, Margaret S., and Gary E. McPherson. "Precompetitive appraisal, performance anxiety and confidence in conservatorium musicians: A case for coping." Psychology of Music 47, no. 3 (2018): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735618755000.

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The way musicians appraise their abilities to succeed in a forthcoming evaluative performance impacts on the range of emotions they will experience. According to Lazarus’ cognitive-motivational-relational theory, emotions may wield powerful consequences depending on whether the performance is interpreted as a threat (high importance/primary appraisal; low coping prospects/secondary appraisal), or challenge (high importance; high coping prospects). Thirty-six Bachelor of Music students at a large University music school completed an adaptation of the Precompetitive Appraisal Measure (PAM) and C

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LENGUA, LILIANA J., IRWIN N. SANDLER, STEPHEN G. WEST, SHARLENE A. WOLCHIK, and PATRICK J. CURRAN. "Emotionality and self-regulation, threat appraisal, and coping in children of divorce." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 1 (1999): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499001935.

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A model of the effects of children's temperament (negative and positive emotionality, impulsivity and attention focusing) on post-divorce threat appraisals, coping (active and avoidant), and psychological symptoms (depression and conduct problems) was investigated. The study utilized a sample of 223 mothers and children (ages 9 to 12 years) who had experienced divorce within the last two years. Evidence was found of direct effects of child-report negative emotionality on children's threat perceptions and of child-report positive emotionality and impulsivity on children's coping. Indirect effec

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9

Dannecker, E., and M. Robinson. "Threat and challenge appraisals of pain." Journal of Pain 6, no. 3 (2005): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2005.01.259.

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Worley, Timothy R., and Jennifer Samp. "Friendship Characteristics, Threat Appraisals, and Varieties of Jealousy About Romantic Partners’ Friendships." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 8, no. 2 (2014): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v8i2.169.

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This study examined the role of friendship sex composition, friendship history, and threat appraisals in the experience of jealousy about a romantic partner’s involvement in extradyadic friendships. Using a survey, 201 individuals responded to scenarios describing a romantic partner’s involvement in a significant friendship outside the romantic dyad. A partner’s involvement in a cross-sex friendship was associated with greater perceptions of threat to both the existence and quality of the romantic relationship than was a partner’s involvement in a same-sex friendship. Further, the specific for

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Carpenter, Roger D., Laurie A. Theeke, Jennifer A. Mallow, Elliott Theeke, and Diana Gilleland. "Relationships among Distress, Appraisal, Self-Management Behaviors, and Psychosocial Factors in a Sample of Rural Appalachian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes." Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care 17, no. 2 (2017): 34–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v17i2.446.

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Background: Diabetes contributes to the development of multiple chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease, stroke, blindness, kidney disease, and lower-limb amputations. Currently, it is known that the Appalachian Region is an area of significant disparity in the occurrence of Diabetes. Persons with Diabetes can develop high levels of cognitive stress related to the experience of living with Diabetes.Method: This paper presents the results of a descriptive study guided by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TMSC), aiming to enhance understanding of the relationships among d

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Nurius, Paula S., Jeanette Norris, Diane S. Young, Thomas L. Graham, and Jan Gaylord. "Interpreting and Defensively Responding to Threat: Examining Appraisals and Coping With Acquaintance Sexual Aggression." Violence and Victims 15, no. 2 (2000): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.2.187.

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Resistance and prevention programming aimed at strengthening women’s ability to protect themselves against acquaintance sexual aggression has lacked attention to the cognitive and emotional processes women engage in when encountering such threats. Building upon current theory related to cognitive appraisal and coping processes, this study applies a theoretical model of how women evaluate and respond to sexual aggression by male acquaintances. Two hundred and two college women who had been sexually victimized by male acquaintances responded to a questionnaire that assessed their cognitive appra

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Gaynor, K., T. Ward, P. Garety, and E. Peters. "The Role of Threat Appraisals and Safety-Seeking Behaviours in Determining Need for Care in Psychosis." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73097-8.

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IntroductionVan Os et al. (2009) have proposed a Proneness-Persistence-lmpairment model to explain the psychosis continuum, and cognitive models of psychosis have suggested that appraisals of anomalous experiences may be key in determining ‘need for care’.ObjectivesThe present study investigated the interaction between appraisals and safety behaviours in the maintenance of impairing psychotic symptoms.AimsIt was predicted that individuals with psychotic symptoms without a need for care would display fewer threat appraisals and safety behaviours than their clinical counterparts, and that these

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Wright, Rex A., and Leslie D. Kirby. "Cardiovascular Correlates of Challenge and Threat Appraisals: A Critical Examination of the Biopsychosocial Analysis." Personality and Social Psychology Review 7, no. 3 (2003): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0703_02.

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In this article we examine critically the biopsychosocial (BPS) challenge versus threat analysis proposed by Blascovich and his coworkers. We conclude that the BPS analysis should be viewed with considerable caution. We conclude this in part because the analysis is associated with notable problems, including (a) its conception of demand, (b) its definitions of goal-relevant and evaluative situations, (c) its assertion regarding primary and secondary appraisal determinants of challenge and threat, and (d) its cardiovascular (CV) predictions. We conclude this as well because BPS analysis studies

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Szabo, Agnes, Colleen Ward, and Garth J. O. Fletcher. "Stress appraisal, information processing strategies, and somatic symptoms: A longitudinal study with immigrants." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 5 (2016): 650–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316678306.

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The study investigated threat versus challenge appraisals of acculturative stressors and their impact on the changes in psychological symptoms. It also examined information processing styles (informational, normative, and diffuse-avoidant) as moderators of these relationships. A 6-month longitudinal study with two measuring points was conducted with a sample of immigrants. Threat appraisal was associated with more psychological symptoms, and challenge appraisal interacted with information processing styles to predict the changes in somatic symptoms. Analytical and exploratory informational sty

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Friedkin, Noah E., Anton V. Proskurnikov, and Francesco Bullo. "Group dynamics on multidimensional object threat appraisals." Social Networks 65 (May 2021): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2020.12.009.

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Selçuk, Şule, Zülal İşcanoğlu, Melike Sayıl, Nebi Sümer, and Sibel Kazak Berument. "Factors Influencing Children’s Appraisals of Interparental Conflict: The Role of Parent-Child Relationship Quality." Journal of Family Issues 41, no. 11 (2020): 2022–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x20910765.

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The cognitive contextual model proposes that children’s appraisals of interparental conflict (IPC) can influence their adjustment. In addition, previous research revealed that interparental disputes may reflect on parent-child relationship that is linked with children’s self-blame and threat appraisals concerning IPC. However, there is a scarcity of research directly addressing the intervening role of the parent-child relationship on children’s appraisals of IPC. Thus, we investigated the mediating role of different aspects of the parent-child relationship (i.e., psychological control, warmth,

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Didymus, Faye F., and David Fletcher. "Organizational stress in high-level field hockey: Examining transactional pathways between stressors, appraisals, coping and performance satisfaction." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 12, no. 2 (2017): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117694737.

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This study investigated transactional pathways between organizational stressors and their underpinning situational properties, appraisals, coping, perceived coping effectiveness and performance satisfaction in athletes. Ten high-level field hockey players were interviewed. Data relating to stressors, situational properties, appraisals and coping were analysed using directed content analysis. Mean perceived coping effectiveness scores were calculated and subjective performance satisfaction data were categorized as satisfied, neutral or dissatisfied. A variety of organizational stressors was rep

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Phillips, Joanne, Jodie Lodge, and Erica Frydenberg. "The Effect of Type of School Bullying on Threat Appraisal and Coping Style of Adolescent Victims." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 23, no. 1 (2006): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200028856.

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AbstractThe type of peer victimisation experienced is likely to influence the ways in which young people appraise and cope with school bullying. To examine this possibility, 269 adolescents (137 male, 132 female) aged between 12 and 17 years, completed a victimisation questionnaire, an adapted version of the Threat Appraisal Scale (TAS; Sandler, 1999) and the short-form of the Adolescent Coping Scale (Frydenberg & Lewis, 1996). Results indicated that there is an association between styles of coping and victimisation experiences, with physical and social bullying playing a part in the use o

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Sadurska, Romana. "Threats of Force." American Journal of International Law 82, no. 2 (1988): 239–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203188.

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International agreements apparently treat an unauthorized threat of force and the actual use of force as equally grave, yet distinct, wrongs. If, however, formal legal appraisals of specific situations are taken as indicators of existing practice, it seems that the threat of force has no separate significance, as it were, beyond the use of force: either it precedes actual violence and therefore is eclipsed in legal appraisals by the latter, or it is not followed by the use of force and thus ceases to demand prompt legal consideration. Such an attitude toward the question of threat implicitly a

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Ritland, Raeann, and Lulu Rodriguez. "The Influence of Antiobesity Media Content on Intention to Eat Healthily and Exercise: A Test of the Ordered Protection Motivation Theory." Journal of Obesity 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/954784.

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This study extended the ordered protection motivation framework to determine whether exposure and attention to antiobesity media content increases people’s appraisals of threat and their ability to cope with it. It also assesses whether these cognitive processes, in turn, affected people’s intention to abide by the practices recommended to prevent obesity. The results of a national online survey using a nonprobability sample indicate that attention to mediated obesity and related information significantly increased people’s intention to exercise as well as their overall coping appraisals (the

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Holmes IV, Oscar, Marilyn V. Whitman, Kim S. Campbell, and Diane E. Johnson. "Exploring the social identity threat response framework." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 35, no. 3 (2016): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-08-2015-0068.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore what individuals perceive as social identity threats, the sources of the threat, individuals’ responses, and the consequences of the threat. Design/methodology/approach – Narratives from 224 individuals were collected. A sample of 84 narratives were analyzed in depth using a qualitative content analysis approach. Findings – Initial support for identity threat response theory was found. Three new distinct threat responses – constructive action, ignore, and seek assistance – were uncovered. Additionally, harm/loss appraisals were found to be perc

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Jouriles, Ernest N., Caitlin Rancher, Nicole L. Vu, and Renee McDonald. "Police Involvement in Intimate Partner Violence and Children’s Anxiety Symptoms." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 19-20 (2017): 3791–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517710487.

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This study examined whether police involvement in intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with children’s anxiety symptoms and threat appraisals. Participants were 117 mothers and their children (7-10 years) recruited from domestic violence shelters and followed for 6 months. Mothers reported on IPV and police involvement in the past 6 months; children reported their own anxiety symptoms and threat appraisals. Police involvement in IPV incidents at Time 1 was positively related to children’s anxiety symptoms at both the Time 1 and Time 2 assessments, even after controlling for the severi

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Bennett, Andrew A., Stephen E. Lanivich, M. Mahdi Moeini Gharagozloo, and Yusuf Akbulut. "Appraisals matter: relationships between entrepreneurs' stress appraisals and venture-based outcomes." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 27, no. 4 (2021): 970–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-03-2020-0133.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how stress appraisals (i.e. cognitive evaluations) influence entrepreneurial outcomes like expected financial well-being, life satisfaction, business growth and exit intentions.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a mixed-methods approach to provide methodological triangulation by analyzing data from two independent samples (qualitative data from 100 entrepreneurs in Study 1; quantitative regression analysis of a sample of 142 entrepreneurs in Study 2).FindingsResults from the qualitative exploration (Study 1) show that entrepreneurs app

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Quested, Eleanor, Jos A. Bosch, Victoria E. Burns, Jennifer Cumming, Nikos Ntoumanis, and Joan L. Duda. "Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Stress-Related Appraisals, and Dancers’ Cortisol and Anxiety Responses." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 33, no. 6 (2011): 828–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.6.828.

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Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) posits basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) as essential for optimal functioning and health. Grounded in this framework, the current study examined the role of BPNS in dancers’ cognitive appraisals and hormonal and emotional responses to performance stress. Dancers reported their degree of BPNS 1 month before a solo performance. Threat and challenge appraisals of the solo were recorded 2 hr before the performance. Salivary cortisol and anxiety were measured 15 min before, and 15, 30, 45, and 60 min postperformance. Higher BPNS was assoc

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Riskind, John H., and Nathan L. Williams. "Cognitive Case Conceptualization and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Implications of the Looming Vulnerability Model." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 13, no. 4 (1999): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.4.295.

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This article describes an approach to cognitive case conceptualization and treatment that is based on the “looming vulnerability” model of anxiety. The model assumes that much of what produces anxiety for people in everyday life, as well as in cases of pathological anxiety, is “looming” from their point of reference, or changing dynamically and step-by-step in time to become increasingly risky. That is, they have a “sense of looming vulnerability” to threat—perceptions of threat as moving toward an endpoint or rapidly rising in risk. Anxious individuals manifest biases in their primary cogniti

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Chung, Sara, Qing Zhou, Nancy Eisenberg, and Sharlene Wolchik. "Threat Appraisals and Coping Responses to Stressors: Links to Chinese Children’s Behavioral Problems and Social Competence." Journal of Early Adolescence 39, no. 2 (2017): 280–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431617737627.

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Given the increasing societal concerns about youth’s mental health problems in the context of rapid sociocultural changes in urban China, studying the links of appraisals and coping to Chinese children’s adjustment can inform cultural adaptations of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions for this population. In a school-based sample of 591 Chinese preadolescent children (53.6% girls, [Formula: see text] age = 11.6 years, in fifth and sixth grades) in Beijing, we tested the concurrent relations between (a) children’s self-reported threat appraisals of stressors and use of coping strat

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Otieno, Agnes Meave. "3529 The main effects of threat appraisal on the well-being of African Americans living with HIV/AIDS in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, and the role of religious social support as a buffer." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (2019): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.133.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study considered how threat appraisal and religious social support associate with subjective well-being and subjective experience of pain. Appraisal in this study refers to the individual’s perception and interpretation of the significance of learning of his/her HIV status. The study incorporated the stress-buffering model to propose that the beneficial effects of religious social support will modify the association between threat appraisal and well-being for PLHIV in a palliative care setting. Well-being was assessed both as the participant’s subjective report o

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Adie, James W., Joan L. Duda, and Nikos Ntoumanis. "Achievement Goals, Competition Appraisals, and the Psychological and Emotional Welfare of Sport Participants." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 30, no. 3 (2008): 302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.3.302.

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Grounded in the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework (Elliot & McGregor, 2001), a model was tested examining the hypothesized relationships between approach and avoidance (mastery and performance) goals, challenge and threat appraisals of sport competition, and positive and negative indices of well-being (i.e., self-esteem, positive, and negative affect). A further aim was to determine the degree to which the cognitive appraisals mediated the relationship between the four achievement goals and the indicators of athletes’ welfare. Finally, measurement and structural invariance was tested with r

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Hudek-Knežević, Jasna, and Igor Kardum. "The Effects of Dispositional and Situational Coping, Perceived Social Support, and Cognitive Appraisal on Immediate Outcome." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 16, no. 3 (2000): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.16.3.190.

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Summary: The effects of coping styles and strategies, perceived social support, and primary and secondary cognitive appraisal on immediate outcome were examined in this study. Two theoretical models were tested via linear structural equation modelling (LISREL VI) on a sample of 116 women. The first model was derived from the structural approach to stress and coping, while the second was based primarily on a theoretical position of the transactional approach to stress and coping process. Both models were tested twice, by taking into account appraisal of threat and appraisal of controllability.

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Ben-Artzi, Elisheva, and Mario Mikulincer. "Lay Theories of Emotion: 4. Reactions to Negative and Positive Emotional Episodes." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 16, no. 1 (1996): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/1kfw-fpr5-vep9-yq61.

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Seven studies assessed the relation between lay theories of emotion (“threat” and “benefit” appraisal) and cognitions and behaviors in positive and negative emotional episodes. Studies 1 and 2 examined such a relation via the assessment of the habitual cognitions and behaviors persons evince in negative (Study 1) and positive emotional states. Studies 3 through 7 assessed whether and how appraisals of emotion affect some frequently observed cognitive-behavioral consequences of positive and negative affect induction, such as self-focused off-task cognitions, causal attribution, helping behavior

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Keeports, Christine R., and Laura D. Pittman. "I Wish My Parents Would Stop Arguing! The Impact of Interparental Conflict on Young Adults." Journal of Family Issues 38, no. 6 (2016): 839–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x15613821.

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Research shows that interparental conflict is positively associated with internalizing behaviors in children and adolescents, but few have considered these associations among young adults. This study uses the cognitive-contextual framework to explore whether appraisals of threat and self-blame explain the expected associations between interparental conflict and internalizing symptoms in a sample of young adults. Perceptions of interparental conflict, appraisals of threat and self-blame, and two aspects of internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety) were measured in 255 undergraduates (a

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Li, Fuli, Tingting Chen, and Xin Lai. "How Does a Reward for Creativity Program Benefit or Frustrate Employee Creative Performance? The Perspective of Transactional Model of Stress and Coping." Group & Organization Management 43, no. 1 (2017): 138–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601116688612.

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We explore the effect of a reward for creativity program on employee creativity in organizations by investigating the underlying mechanisms based on the transactional model of stress and coping—a novel theoretical perspective for this research area. We theorize and find in two field studies that challenge appraisal of a reward for creativity program (perceived potential for gain, growth, or mastery) is positively related to problem-focused coping, which in turn predicts high creative performance. By contrast, threat appraisal of a reward for creativity program (perceived potential for harms or

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Kruse, Elliott, and Kate Sweeny. "Comment: Well-Being Can Improve Health by Shaping Stress Appraisals." Emotion Review 10, no. 1 (2018): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073917719329.

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In this brief comment, we bring together two articles that appear in this special section. Jamieson et al. provide an overview of the biopsychosocial model of threat and challenge and suggest that stress-related arousal can be reappraised as a coping resource to facilitate challenge appraisals. Hernandez et al. review evidence for the link between well-being and health. We see a connection between these seemingly unrelated reviews: Well-being may improve health in part by shaping appraisals of stressors’ demands and appraisals of coping resources.

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Feinberg, Joshua M., and John R. Aiello. "The Effect of Challenge and Threat Appraisals Under Evaluative Presence." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 40, no. 8 (2010): 2071–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00651.x.

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Whiting, Jason B., Douglas B. Smith, Megan Oka, and Gunnur Karakurt. "Safety in Intimate Partnerships: The Role of Appraisals and Threat." Journal of Family Violence 27, no. 4 (2012): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-012-9423-7.

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Turner, Martin J., Marc V. Jones, David Sheffield, Jamie B. Barker, and Peter Coffee. "Manipulating cardiovascular indices of challenge and threat using resource appraisals." International Journal of Psychophysiology 94, no. 1 (2014): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.004.

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Xiao, Qianyi, Xin Liu, Ruru Wang, et al. "Predictors of Willingness to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine after Emergency Use Authorization: The Role of Coping Appraisal." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (2021): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090967.

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The current study aims to identify psychosocial factors based on protection motivation theory (PMT) influencing Chinese adults’ willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine after the emergency use authorization of the New Coronavirus Inactivated Vaccine in China. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Chinese residents aged 18–59 years, and 2528 respondents from 31 provinces and autonomous regions were included in the current study. Based on PMT, threat appraisals and coping appraisals were measured. Hierarchical multiple regressions and multivariate logistic regressions were used

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Gruszczyńska, Ewa, and Aleksandra Kroemeke. "Coping after myocardial infarction. The mediational effects of positive and negative emotions." Polish Psychological Bulletin 40, no. 1 (2009): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10059-009-0006-2.

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Coping after myocardial infarction. The mediational effects of positive and negative emotions The aim of the study was to examine mediational effects of positive and negative emotions (PEs and NEs) on the relationship between cognitive appraisal and coping after myocardial infarction (MI). Subjects were 163 patients assessed a few days after their first MI episode for cognitive appraisal using the Situation Appraisal Questionnaire developed by Wrześniewski and based on the Lazarus theory. The participants' current emotional state and coping strategies were evaluated with Polish versions of the

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Larsson, Gerry, Christina Kempe, and Bengt Starrin. "Appraisal and coping processes in acute time‐limited stressful situations: A study of police officers." European Journal of Personality 2, no. 4 (1988): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410020404.

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This study focuses on the appraisal and coping process in acute, time‐limited stressful situations in a stress experienced group: 54 Swedish police officers. Each police officer retrospectively reported their thoughts, emotions, and actions during five recent stressful job events. The relations among appraisals of threat and of coping options, seven forms of problem‐ and emotion‐focused coping strategies, and selfrated performance were examined. Compared with previous studies of ordinary people in stressful situations, the police officers felt less threatened, appraised the situations as more

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Hunter, Simon C., Joaquin Mora-Merchan, and Rosario Ortega. "The Long-Term Effects of Coping Strategy Use in Victims of Bullying." Spanish Journal of Psychology 7, no. 1 (2004): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004704.

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The ways in which children appraise and cope with school bullying are likely to influence the long-term outcomes experienced. To examine this possibility, 219 Spanish undergraduate students (73 male, 146 female) aged between 18 and 40, completed an adapted version of the Retrospective Bullying Questionnaire (RBQ; Schäfer et al., 2004) and a distress scale (Rivers, 1999). Results indicated that neither coping strategies reported by victims of bullying nor the match between control appraisal and coping strategy influenced levels of distress experienced as adults. Control, threat and challenge ap

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Jamieson, Jeremy P., Emily J. Hangen, Hae Yeon Lee, and David S. Yeager. "Author Reply: Arousal Reappraisal as an Affect Regulation Strategy." Emotion Review 10, no. 1 (2018): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073917724878.

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The biopsychosocial (BPS) model of challenge and threat posits that resource and demand appraisals interact in situations of acute stress to determine affective responses, and concomitant physiological responses, motivation, and decisions/behaviors. Regulatory approaches that alter appraisals to regulate challenge and threat affective states have the potential to facilitate coping. This reply clarifies the conceptualization of one such regulatory approach, arousal (or stress) reappraisal, and suggests avenues for future research. However, it is important to note that arousal reappraisal (or an

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Chu, Qiao, Tian Gu, Anqi Li, et al. "Perceived effectiveness of public health measures and positive attitudes during a pandemic: a large cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (2021): e047231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047231.

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ObjectivesBuilding individuals’ positive attitudes during a pandemic is essential for facilitating psychological resilience. However, little is known about how public health measures may improve people’s positive attitudes during a pandemic. We investigated the potential mechanism underlying the association between individuals’ perceived effectiveness of public health measures and positive attitudes towards the success of pandemic control during the COVID-19 pandemic, by examining the parallel mediating effects of three types of threat appraisals: concerns about contracting the virus, perceive

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Soper, Ana C., Sharlene A. Wolchik, Irwin N. Sandler, Jenn-Yun Tein, and Julie L. Lustig. "Predictors of Threat to Self-Appraisals for Children from Divorced Homes." Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 48, no. 1-2 (2007): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j087v48n01_01.

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Barakat, Lamia P., and Ericka L. Wodka. "POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS IN COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH A CHRONIC ILLNESS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 8 (2006): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.8.999.

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To examine posttraumatic stress symptoms in college students with a chronic illness, volunteers who endorsed having a chronic illness (N = 61) were administered the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PTDS: Foa, Cashman, Jaycox, & Perry, 1997). Over 50% met criteria for reexperiencing symptoms and interference with functioning; however, few participants met criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Higher threat appraisals (endorsement of A criteria, general appraisal/level of pessimism) explained a significant portion of the variance in total PTSD symptoms beyond the significant cont

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Underwood, R., E. Peters, and V. Kumari. "Psychobiology of threat appraisal in the context of psychotic experiences: A selective review." European Psychiatry 30, no. 7 (2015): 817–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.07.001.

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AbstractA key factor in the transition to psychosis is the appraisal of anomalous experiences as threatening. Cognitive models of psychosis have identified attentional and interpretative biases underlying threat-based appraisals. While much research has been conducted into these biases within the clinical and cognitive literature, little examination has occurred at the neural level. However, neurobiological research in social cognition employing threatening stimuli mirror cognitive accounts of maladaptive appraisal in psychosis. This review attempted to integrate neuroimaging data regarding so

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Hicks, C., and V. LeBlanc. "P069: Hardened tendencies: persistence of initial appraisals following simulation-based stress training." CJEM 20, S1 (2018): S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.267.

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Introduction: Stress has been shown to impair performance during acute events. The goal of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of two simulation-based training interventions and baseline demographics (gender, age) on stress responses to simulated trauma scenarios. Methods: Sixteen (16) Emergency Medicine and Surgery residents were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) or Crisis Resource Management (CRM). Residents served as trauma team leaders in simulated trauma scenarios pre and post intervention. CRM training focused on non-technical skills re

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Gunn, Gregory R., and Anne E. Wilson. "Acknowledging the Skeletons in Our Closet." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 37, no. 11 (2011): 1474–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211413607.

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Just as with threats to personal identity, people defend against social identity threats. In the context of intergroup injustice, such defensiveness undercuts collective guilt and its prosocial consequences. The current research examines whether group affirmation allows perpetrator groups to disarm threat without undermining guilt. In Study 1, men accepted greater guilt for gender inequality after affirming the ingroup. Given the distinction between collective guilt and collective shame, Studies 2–4 assessed both emotions and revealed that Canadians accepted greater guilt and shame over the mi

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Fosco, Gregory M., and Mark E. Feinberg. "Cascading effects of interparental conflict in adolescence: Linking threat appraisals, self-efficacy, and adjustment." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 1 (2014): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000704.

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AbstractThis study examined the longitudinal implications of adolescents' exposure to interparental conflict for their developmental success. In the proposed developmental cascade model, adolescents' perceptions of parental conflict as threatening is a risk factor for diminished self-efficacy, which would account for diminished adjustment. This study presents longitudinal data for 768 sixth-grade students and their families over four time points, ending in eighth grade. Analyses were conducted in three steps. First, replication of longitudinal support for threat as a mediator of the link betwe

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Greer, Alex, Hao-Che Wu, and Haley Murphy. "Household adjustment to seismicity in Oklahoma." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 4 (2020): 2019–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293020919424.

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Earthquakes have manifested as a slow-onset hazard for the state of Oklahoma. While this shaking is resulting in considerable damage, we know little about how residents understand or are adjusting to this new hazard. To explore this issue, we deployed a survey in two Oklahoma communities with varying levels of earthquake exposure and experience to better understand the adjustments, such as purchasing earthquake insurance or installing earthquake latches, residents are intending to undertake within these communities. In line with the protection motivation theory, we found that hazard adjustment

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