Journal articles: 'Threat face'

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Barras, Colin. "Astronauts face superbug threat." New Scientist 241, no. 3213 (January 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(19)30094-6.

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CHAFETZ, JANET SALTZMAN, and ANTHONY GARY DWORKIN. "IN THE FACE OF THREAT:." Gender & Society 1, no. 1 (March 1987): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124387001001003.

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Lesté-Lasserre, Christa. "Donkeys face worldwide existential threat." Science 366, no. 6471 (December 12, 2019): 1294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.366.6471.1294.

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de Laine, Michael. "Labs face threat of closure." Physics World 15, no. 10 (October 2002): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/15/10/19.

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Stokstad, Erik. "Vultures face new toxic threat." Science 373, no. 6560 (September 10, 2021): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.acx9048.

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Miles, Edward W., Jeff Schatten, and Elizabeth Chapman. "How face threat sensitivity affects proactive negotiation behavior." Organization Management Journal 17, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/omj-05-2019-0725.

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Purpose Face threat sensitivity (FTS) has been found to influence objective negotiated outcomes when the threat to face is activated. The purpose of this study is to extend that research by testing whether FTS – which is defined as a propensity to act – is associated with the outcomes of negotiators when the threat has not been specifically activated. Face theory specifies that face threats can cause individuals to take proactive steps to avoid threats before they might occur. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on face theory and social role theory, the authors conduct a negotiation experiment and use hierarchical regression to test hypotheses concerning the relationship between FTS for sellers and buyers on negotiated outcomes in both distributive and integrative negotiations. The authors also use moderated regression to test if gender moderates the relationship between buyer and seller FTS and negotiation outcomes. Findings Results show that, when the threat is not activated, high FTS buyers pay more than low FTS buyers. Consistent with face theory and social role theory, this effect is moderated by gender, with the association being stronger for women buyers than for men buyers. Originality/value This paper exhibits that FTS can influence negotiator behavior even when FTS is not activated. This is valuable to negotiation scholars and practitioners who are interested in the role that individual characteristics play in negotiation behavior.

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Åsli, Ole, Henriette Michalsen, and Morten Øvervoll. "In Your Face: Startle to Emotional Facial Expressions Depends on Face Direction." i-Perception 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 204166951769439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669517694396.

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Although faces are often included in the broad category of emotional visual stimuli, the affective impact of different facial expressions is not well documented. The present experiment investigated startle electromyographic responses to pictures of neutral, happy, angry, and fearful facial expressions, with a frontal face direction (directed) and at a 45° angle to the left (averted). Results showed that emotional facial expressions interact with face direction to produce startle potentiation: Greater responses were found for angry expressions, compared with fear and neutrality, with directed faces. When faces were averted, fear and neutrality produced larger responses compared with anger and happiness. These results are in line with the notion that startle is potentiated to stimuli signaling threat. That is, a forward directed angry face may signal a threat toward the observer, and a fearful face directed to the side may signal a possible threat in the environment.

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Wojewidka, John. "The deepfake threat to face biometrics." Biometric Technology Today 2020, no. 2 (February 2020): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-4765(20)30023-0.

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Wehde, Ed. "DVD hack distributors face court threat." Computer Fraud & Security 2000, no. 2 (February 2000): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-3723(00)02014-5.

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Feldman, Ofer, and Ken Kinoshita. "Expanding factors in threat to face." Language and Dialogue 7, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 336–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.7.3.02fel.

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Abstract This paper details aspects related to the “face” – one’s social standing, reputation, and dignity – during interactions between interviewers and interviewees (both politicians and nonpoliticians) in more than 5,000 questions posed during three different broadcast interview programs aired throughout 2012–2013 in Japan. The interactions between interviewers and interviewees are also considered as a dialogic phenomenon in which interlocutors are actors who act and react. By examining the toughness of questions posed in these programs the paper explores their extent of threat to face of the interviewees and the facets associated with this threat, including features related to the interviewees themselves. The results indicate strong evidence of socio-cultural norms and values that affect interviewers’ relationship with politicians and other sources.

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Lee, Hye Eun, and Hyunjin Park. "Cross-cultural testing of face threats to predict apology and thanks intentions." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 10 (November 7, 2017): 1643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6468.

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We examined whether Koreans intended to make an apology and North Americans intended to express thanks in a message asking for a favor. Because one reason for apologizing or thanking is to lessen the face threat occurred by favor asking, four face threats were empirically measured to predict participants' intentions. Participants were 104 North American and 90 Korean college students who took the role of an email sender making a favor request and selected from options for apologizing or thanking the receiver to lessen the four types of face threat. Results showed that North Americans intended to express thanks, and both North Americans and Koreans intended to make an apology when asking a favor; further, for Koreans, a speaker's positive face threat triggered intention to make an apology and, for North Americans, a receiver's negative face threat triggered an intention to express thanks. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

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Cattaneo, Zaira, Susanna Schiavi, Carlotta Lega, Chiara Renzi, Matteo Tagliaferri, Jana Boehringer, Claus-Christian Carbon, and Tomaso Vecchi. "Biases in Spatial Bisection Induced by Viewing Male and Female Faces." Experimental Psychology 61, no. 5 (May 15, 2014): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000256.

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Research on visual attention triggered by face gender is still relatively sparse. In the present study, three experiments are reported in which male and female participants were required to estimate the midpoint of a line (i.e., the “line bisection task”): at each end of the line a face was presented. Depending on the experimental condition, faces could be of the same gender (i.e., two males or two females) or the opposite gender. Experiments 1 and 2 converged in showing that when a male face was presented at the right and a female face at the left endpoint of the line, a clear rightward bias emerged compared to the other experimental conditions, indicating that male faces captured attention more than female faces. Importantly, male faces used across Experiments 1 and 2 were rated as more threatening than female faces, suggesting that perceived level of threat may have been responsible for the observed bias toward the male face. Experiment 3 corroborated this hypothesis by finding an attentional bias toward the male face with high threat (angry) faces but not with low threat (smiling) faces.

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Darmawan, Arief Bakhtiar. "Japan’s Balanced Strategy to Face China’s Threat in South China Sea Dispute." JURNAL ILMU SOSIAL 19, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jis.19.2.2020.137-159.

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This paper aims to analyze Japan’s foreign policy related to the dispute in the South China Sea (SCS). Even though Japan has no sovereignty claims, it has considerable interests in the SCS region. Japan, which is poor in natural resources, depends on energy imports, most of which are shipped through SCS. As an advanced industrial state, Japan must continue to meet domestic energy demand. However, the SCS area has a potential conflict due to Chinese assertive behavior as the main factor that could threaten Japanese interests. The author use qualitative method with relevant literature studies and official government documentation to conduct a descriptive analysis of the research findings. The results of the study indicate that Japan is implementing a balanced strategy to deal with the potential threat of China. Balancing against threats is conducted in internal ways, e.g. internal reinforcement, and external ways, e.g. forming and strengthening cooperation with other countries outside the United States (US). Since Japan's limitations in military aspect hindered their internal reinforcement, this study emphasizes Japan's external balance strategy. The increasingly dubious US commitment in the Asia Pacific has made Japan strengthen defense cooperation with Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. The three countries have interest in SCS and provide access that conforms to Japanese interests.

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Slobodnikova, Andrea, and Brandon Randolph-Seng. "The effects of stereotype threat on Roma academic performance in Slovakia: role of academic self-efficacy and social identity." Journal for Multicultural Education 15, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-08-2020-0080.

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Purpose One of the goals of various European Union (EU) organizations (i.e. Roma and non-Roma nonprofits) is the integration of Roma into the educational system. A challenge for the educational systems of EU countries, therefore, is to determine how to support the academic performance of Roma. Understanding the positive and negative factors related to Roma’s academic performance and achievement is an important first step in increasing academic success among this minority group. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative experimental design was used both online and face-to-face to examine whether stereotype threat had an influence on the academic performance of Roma in Slovakia and second, whether such threat was moderated by social identification and academic self-efficacy. Findings The results showed that stereotype threat does influence Roma in Slovakia and there were direct effects of social identity and academic self-efficacy on academic performance of the face-to-face participants. Originality/value Consistent with stereotype threat theory, to the best of authors’ knowledge, this research is the first to show that a stereotype threat did harm the academic performance of the face-to-face Roma sampled. Further, although many studies have examined stereotype threat effects on academic performance, little is known regarding whether social identification and academic self-efficacy have an influence on such threats. The results of the study show that social identification and academic self-efficacy had a significant direct influence on academic performance.

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Ahmad, Khabir. "Earthquake survivors face threat from infectious diseases." Lancet Infectious Diseases 5, no. 12 (December 2005): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70281-4.

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Wu, Felicia. "Perspective: Time to face the fungal threat." Nature 516, no. 7529 (December 2014): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/516s7a.

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Kuner, C., F. H. Cate, C. Millard, and D. J. B. Svantesson. "Face-to-data--another developing privacy threat?" International Data Privacy Law 3, no. 1 (December 6, 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ips032.

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&NA;, &NA;. "Foreign Nurses Face New Threat of Deportation." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 90, no. 7 (July 1990): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199007000-00005.

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Leitner, Jordan B., James M. Jones, and Eric Hehman. "Succeeding in the Face of Stereotype Threat." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 39, no. 1 (November 2, 2012): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167212463083.

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Two experiments examined Engagement Regulation, the systematic increase or decrease of self-esteem engagement in a domain following positive or negative outcomes, respectively. We hypothesized that, under threat, more positive outcomes increase engagement, and greater engagement augments the influence of subsequent outcomes on self-esteem and performance. Female participants completed an initial math test, received bogus feedback, and then completed a second test. Results indicated that more positive feedback evoked greater engagement and that this relationship was strongest under stereotype threat (Study 1). Under stereotype threat, engagement interacted with subsequent feedback, such that greater engagement to positive feedback increased performance, but greater engagement to negative feedback decreased self-esteem and performance (Study 2). Together, these findings suggest that Engagement Regulation facilitates self-esteem maintenance and positive performance under stereotype threat.

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Smith, Eugene I., and Deborah L. Keenan. "Yucca Mountain could face greater volcanic threat." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 86, no. 35 (2005): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005eo350001.

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David, Jon. "The new face of the virus threat." Computers & Security 15, no. 1 (January 1996): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(96)87618-8.

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Alger, Sara, John Hughes, Thomas Balkin, and Tracy Jill Doty. "041 Alteration of Threat-Related Information Processing During Extended Sleep Deprivation." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.040.

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Abstract Introduction Threat-related information is preferentially processed, facilitating quick and efficient responses. However, the impact of extended sleep deprivation on perception of and response to threatening information is not well known. Sleep loss may increase amygdalar activity and negative mood, potentially facilitating threat processing. However, it also reduces cognitive function, possibly impairing ability to respond. The present study assessed the extent to which extended sleep deprivation modulates threat processing using a threat expectation paradigm. Methods Twenty-one participants underwent one baseline night of sleep followed by 62hrs total sleep deprivation (TSD) and one recovery night of sleep (12hrs). Threat expectation task performance was assessed at baseline, at multiple time points during TSD, and following recovery sleep. To control for circadian influence, performance at three 1100 sessions (baseline, 52hrs into TSD, and recovery) were compared. The threat expectation task involved determining whether a presented face was fearful (i.e., signaled threat) or neutral. Faces were presented at three expectation levels: 80%, 50%, and 20% chance of viewing a fearful face. Results Overall, responses were faster (F=9.77, p=0.001) and more accurate (F=11.48, p=0.001) when the type of face (fearful or neutral) was expected. Accuracy significantly decreased over TSD (t=7.71, p<0.001) and recovered following subsequent sleep. Fear bias was calculated for accuracy (accuracy for fearful face minus neutral face). Under conditions of high expectation (80%) of viewing a fearful face, fear bias increased across TSD (t=-1.95, p=0.07). Although accuracy to both fearful and neutral faces significantly declined across TSD (both p<0.001), decline for neutral faces was greater, thus increasing fear bias. Importantly, the increased bias toward fear was still evident compared to baseline following a 12-hour recovery sleep opportunity, (t=-1.93, p=0.07). Conclusion Extended sleep deprivation, common in operational environments where there is also high expectation of encountering threat, impairs cognitive control and is thought to enhance amygdala activity. These data show that, consequently, cognitive resources become biased toward biologically adaptive behaviors (i.e., threat processing) at the expense of attending and responding more broadly to all stimuli. This behavior is not reversed with a single extended sleep opportunity. Support (if any) Department of Defense Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP)

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ELLIOTT, JUDY, and PETER BULL. "A Question of Threat: Face Threats in Questions Posed During Televised Political Interviews." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 6, no. 1 (May 1996): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1298(199602)6:1<49::aid-casp355>3.0.co;2-h.

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Bannerman, Rachel L., Maarten Milders, Beatrice de Gelder, and Arash Sahraie. "Orienting to threat: faster localization of fearful facial expressions and body postures revealed by saccadic eye movements." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1662 (January 20, 2009): 1635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1744.

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Most studies investigating speeded orientation towards threat have used manual responses. By measuring orienting behaviour using eye movements a more direct and ecologically valid measure of attention can be made. Here, we used a forced-choice saccadic and manual localization task to investigate the speed of discrimination for fearful and neutral body and face images. Fearful/neutral body or face pairs were bilaterally presented for either 20 or 500 ms. Results showed faster saccadic orienting to fearful body and face emotions compared with neutral only at the shortest presentation time (20 ms). For manual responses, faster discrimination of fearful bodies and faces was observed only at the longest duration (500 ms). More errors were made when localizing neutral targets, suggesting that fearful bodies and faces may have captured attention automatically. Results were not attributable to low-level image properties as no threat bias, in terms of reaction time or accuracy, was observed for inverted presentation. Taken together, the results suggest faster localization of threat conveyed both by the face and the body within the oculomotor system. In addition, enhanced detection of fearful body postures suggests that we can readily recognize threat-related information conveyed by body postures in the absence of any face cues.

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Watier, Nicholas, and Brock DeGagne. "Spatial Frequency Thresholds for Detecting Latent Facial Signals of Threat." Perception 48, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006619828254.

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This study examined whether latent facial signals of threat can be detected at more extreme ranges of spatial frequencies (SFs), and thus with fewer frequencies from an optimal middle band for face identification, compared with latent nonthreatening facial signals. Using an adaptive staircase procedure and a two-interval forced-choice same-different task, SF thresholds from the lower and higher ends of the SF spectrum were obtained for nonexpressive threatening and nonthreatening faces. Threatening faces were discriminated from neutral faces more quickly and accurately, and engendered more extreme SF thresholds, compared with nonthreatening faces. The results indicate that the components of latent threatening facial signals can be detected under a greater degree of impoverished visual information for face processing compared with their nonthreatening counterparts.

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Oluwakayode Olumide, Emmanuel, Adan Mohamed Abdullahi, and Jean Martial Ndongo Nlate. "Islamist extremism in the context of Sub-Saharan security." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 01 (January 1, 2021): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202101statyi14.

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The African continent continues to face vulnerabilities that threaten peace and security, hinder its economic development, and undermine human rights and the rule of law. The threat of terrorism and violent extremism continues to increase in different parts of the continent. Better understanding of the threats and priority needs of each country and region is important as there is no one-size-fits-all solution.

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Erica Smith, Amy. "When Clergy are Threatened: Catholic and Protestant Leaders and Political Activism in Brazil." Politics and Religion 9, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048316000018.

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AbstractIn the past three decades, observers have noted a steady rise in religious leaders’ engagement in Brazilian politics. What motivates this new activism? One prominent theory focuses on threat from religious competitors; other scholars point to church-state relations or theologically-driven political grievances. I argue that because of institutional and theological differences, Catholic and Protestant clergy are motivated into political action by different kinds of threat. I draw on two question order experiments embedded in a face-to-face survey of clergy prior to Brazil's 2014 election to examine how clergy react to threats from religious competition and from elected politicians. Threat from religious competition is associated with changes in topics of preaching among Catholics, who substitute social justice for personal morality messages. Protestant clergy instead react to ideological, policy-based threats, and secularization; these latter threats explain the much higher political engagement among Pentecostal and evangelical than Catholic clergy in 2014.

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Wu, Xin Min, and Hao Shu Wu. "4G Mobile Communication Network System Security Faced with Threat Question Research." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1564.

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This article first has carried on the brief elaboration to the 4G mobile communication system's network architecture and the key technologies, will face more and more threats facing future 4G mobile communication network security, has analyzed the communication network, the 4G network safety mechanism and 4G the correspondence development faced with the security threat question, next will adopt the mobile communication network security the protection technology, finally proposed in the future must study question and development direction.

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Maier, Katharina H., and Rosemary Ricciardelli. "The prisoner’s dilemma: How male prisoners experience and respond to penal threat while incarcerated." Punishment & Society 21, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474518757091.

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Drawing on interview data with 56 former prisoners in Canada, we examine how male prisoners understand, experience, and respond to threat while incarcerated. We show that prisoners face a variety of different and often competing threats, resulting from prisoner interactions (e.g. threat of physical violence for being a “snitch”) on the one side, and institutional powers and procedures on the other side (e.g. threat of delayed release from prison). These threats are competing insofar as countering a prisoner threat opens the door to threat on the institutional level (i.e. administrative uncertainties) and vice versa. As a consequence, we show how feeling threatened for prisoners becomes paramount and in many cases unavoidable as the different threats in prison are difficult, if not impossible, to handle in unison. However, in an effort to stay physically safe and work toward their release, prisoners must find viable strategies to navigate different prison environments, particularly as they move between prisons of differing security classifications. We draw on Giddens' notion of “ontological insecurity” to draw attention to prisoners' feelings of perpetual vulnerability and insecurity. In addition, we build on Luhmann's conceptualization of risk and danger to explain how male prisoners experience and respond to moments of “danger” when they are faced with competing threats and must decide how to best navigate them.

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Pandarangga, Salmon. "A Study of Avoidance Strategy of Face Threat of Native Speaker and Non-Native Speaker by Using Goffman’s Face-Work Theory." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 2, no. 2 (October 25, 2015): 188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v2i2.3087.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the avoidance strategy of face threat by English native speaker and non-native speaker who learnt other language e.g. English. This study used Irving Goffman’s face-work theory and its relation to avoidance face threat as a framework. 2 participants (one Australian and one Indonesian) took part in this study. Both participants were interviewed in English language in English speaking environment for about 30 minutes each. The participants were asked to tell about their hobbies with some open-ended questions. This study focused on spoken sentences produced by both interviewees that indicated avoidance of face threat. The findings revealed that the native speaker and non-native speaker reacted differently to avoid face threat. In addition, they also had their own strategy to avoid the face threat. This study concluded that different cultures significantly contributed to the strategy of avoidance of face threat. Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v2i2.3087

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Legault, Lisa, Timour Al-Khindi, and Michael Inzlicht. "Preserving Integrity in the Face of Performance Threat." Psychological Science 23, no. 12 (October 22, 2012): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797612448483.

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Self-affirmation produces large effects: Even a simple reminder of one’s core values reduces defensiveness against threatening information. But how, exactly, does self-affirmation work? We explored this question by examining the impact of self-affirmation on neurophysiological responses to threatening events. We hypothesized that because self-affirmation increases openness to threat and enhances approachability of unfavorable feedback, it should augment attention and emotional receptivity to performance errors. We further hypothesized that this augmentation could be assessed directly, at the level of the brain. We measured self-affirmed and nonaffirmed participants’ electrophysiological responses to making errors on a task. As we anticipated, self-affirmation elicited greater error responsiveness than did nonaffirmation, as indexed by the error-related negativity, a neural signal of error monitoring. Self-affirmed participants also performed better on the task than did nonaffirmed participants. We offer novel brain evidence that self-affirmation increases openness to threat and discuss the role of error detection in the link between self-affirmation and performance.

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Dickson, David. "UK national laboratories face new threat of privatization." Nature 363, no. 6426 (May 1993): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363196a0.

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Heper, M. "Does Secularism Face a Serious Threat in Turkey?" Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 29, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-2009-028.

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Benson, Alex J., M. Blair Evans, Mark Surya, Luc J. Martin, and Mark A. Eys. "Embracing athletic identity in the face of threat." Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology 4, no. 4 (2015): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/spy0000045.

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Houseman, Gregory A. "Why Earthquakes Threaten Two Major European Cities: Istanbul and Bucharest." European Review 26, no. 1 (November 20, 2017): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798717000448.

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Istanbul and Bucharest are major European cities that face a continuing threat of large earthquakes. The geological contexts for these two case studies enable us to understand the nature of the threat and to predict more precisely the consequences of future earthquakes, although we remain unable to predict the time of those events with any precision better than multi-decadal. These two cities face contrasting threats: Istanbul is located on a major geological boundary, the North Anatolian Fault, which separates a westward moving Anatolia from the stable European landmass. Bucharest is located within the stable European continent, but large-scale mass movements in the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere cause relatively frequent large earthquakes that represent a serious threat to the city and surrounding regions.

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Sylvester, C. M., S. E. Petersen, J. L. Luby, and D. M. Barch. "Face processing in adolescents with positive and negative threat bias." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 5 (November 22, 2016): 800–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171600310x.

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BackgroundIndividuals with anxiety disorders exhibit a ‘vigilance-avoidance’ pattern of attention to threatening stimuli when threatening and neutral stimuli are presented simultaneously, a phenomenon referred to as ‘threat bias’. Modifying threat bias through cognitive retraining during adolescence reduces symptoms of anxiety, and so elucidating neural mechanisms of threat bias during adolescence is of high importance. We explored neural mechanisms by testing whether threat bias in adolescents is associated with generalized or threat-specific differences in the neural processing of faces.MethodSubjects were categorized into those with (n = 25) and without (n = 27) threat avoidance based on a dot-probe task at average age 12.9 years. Threat avoidance in this cohort has previously been shown to index threat bias. Brain response to individually presented angry and neutral faces was assessed in a separate session using functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsAdolescents with threat avoidance exhibited lower activity for both angry and neutral faces relative to controls in several regions in the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes involved in early visual and facial processing. Results generalized to happy, sad, and fearful faces. Adolescents with a prior history of depression and/or an anxiety disorder had lower activity for all faces in these same regions. A subset of results replicated in an independent dataset.ConclusionsThreat bias is associated with generalized, rather than threat-specific, differences in the neural processing of faces in adolescents. Findings may aid in the development of novel treatments for anxiety disorders that use attention training to modify threat bias.

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Beck, Brianna, Caterina Bertini, and Elisabetta Ladavas. "Interpersonal multisensory stimulation and emotion: The impact of threat-indicative facial expressions on enfacement." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647306.

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Prior studies have identified an ‘enfacement effect’ in which participants incorporate another’s face into their self-face representation after observing that face touched repeatedly in synchrony with touch on their own face (Sforza et al., 2010; Tsakiris, 2008). The degree of self-face/other-face merging is positively correlated with participants’ trait-level empathy scores (Sforza et al., 2010) and affects judgments of the other’s personality (Paladino et al., 2010), suggesting that enfacement also modulates higher-order representations of ‘self’ and ‘other’ involved in social and emotional evaluations. To test this hypothesis, we varied not only whether visuo-tactile stimulation was synchronous or asynchronous but also whether the person being touched in the video displayed an emotional expression indicative of threat, either fear or anger. We hypothesized that participants would incorporate the faces of fearful others more than the faces of angry others after a shared visuo-tactile experience because of a potentially stronger representation of the sight of fear in somatosensory cortices compared to the sight of anger (Cardini et al., 2012). Instead, we found that the enfacement effect (i.e., greater self-face/other-face merging following synchronous compared to asynchronous visuo-tactile stimulation) was abolished if the other person displayed fear but remained if they expressed anger. This nonetheless suggests that enfacement operates on an evaluative self-representation as well as a physical one because the effect changes with the emotional content of the other’s face. Further research into the neural mechanism behind the enfacement effect is needed to determine why sight of fear diminishes it rather than enhancing it.

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Kennedy-Lightsey, Carrie D. "Recognizing Contributions: Face–Support and Face-Threat Influences Students’ Emotional and Communicative Responses." Communication Research Reports 27, no. 1 (February 2010): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824090903526588.

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Seni, Wildan. "VIDEO FAIRY TALES AS A MEDIA FOR DISASTER MITIGATION IN PRIMAR SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN." Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/equality.v7i1.8613.

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Every time a disaster occurs, one of the groups that becomes victims is children, both as victims of death and victims of injuries. Children who have survived a disaster are the group that suffers the most, they suffer the trauma of the disaster and a deep sense of loss. Therefore, disaster mitigation for children, especially primary school age children, is very important so that they are prepared to face the threat of disasters. The vast territory of Indonesia with a variety of disaster threats faced demands creative ideas so that disaster mitigation messages reach Indonesian children, one of which is the use of fairy tale videos. This study aims to find out the extent to which fairy tales can be used as a disaster mitigation media in developing the readiness of primary school children to face the threat of disaster. This research applies library research methods or literature review to the results of studies and relevant scientific publications. From this study, it shows that video media can significantly influence children's knowledge and attitudes. Disaster mitigation messages that are packaged in the form of fairy tale videos are able to attract the interest of children who are ultimately expected to build their preparedness in facing the threat of disaster.

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Bourgoin, Alaric, and Jean-François Harvey. "Professional image under threat: Dealing with learning–credibility tension." Human Relations 71, no. 12 (March 26, 2018): 1611–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718756168.

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How does one learn and build credibility simultaneously? Such is the challenge faced by an increasing number of professionals, who must quickly get to grips with new assignments while displaying sufficient knowledge to be regarded as experts. If they do not, they will be unable to exert influence over the situation. To address this puzzle, we draw on data from 21 months of participant observation during consulting assignments, and interviews with 79 management consultants. Building on Goffman’s notion of face, we identify ‘learning–credibility tension’ – a discrepancy between a newcomer position that requires professionals to learn, and a role-based image that requires credibility – as a salient and costly issue during organizational entry. Specifically, we find that consultants experience threats to their face during interactions with clients. They deal with these threats by performing individual tactics that help them reduce the anxiety associated with learning–credibility tension, and support their relationship with clients. Our study builds theory in socialization by revealing tactics that allow professionals to keep face while seeking the information they require to adjust to new settings. We also contribute to substantive debates on management consulting by relating insights from the sociology of professions to contemporary knowledge workers.

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Crivelli, Carlos, James A. Russell, Sergio Jarillo, and José-Miguel Fernández-Dols. "The fear gasping face as a threat display in a Melanesian society." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 44 (October 17, 2016): 12403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611622113.

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Theory and research show that humans attribute both emotions and intentions to others on the basis of facial behavior: A gasping face can be seen as showing “fear” and intent to submit. The assumption that such interpretations are pancultural derives largely from Western societies. Here, we report two studies conducted in an indigenous, small-scale Melanesian society with considerable cultural and visual isolation from the West: the Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea. Our multidisciplinary research team spoke the vernacular and had extensive prior fieldwork experience. In study 1, Trobriand adolescents were asked to attribute emotions, social motives, or both to a set of facial displays. Trobrianders showed a mixed and variable attribution pattern, although with much lower agreement than studies of Western samples. Remarkably, the gasping face (traditionally considered a display of fear and submission in the West) was consistently matched to two unpredicted categories: anger and threat. In study 2, adolescents were asked to select the face that was threatening; Trobrianders chose the “fear” gasping face whereas Spaniards chose an “angry” scowling face. Our findings, consistent with functional approaches to animal communication and observations made on threat displays in small-scale societies, challenge the Western assumption that “fear” gasping faces uniformly express fear or signal submission across cultures.

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Best, Katherine A., Julienne Giard, and Roger A. Boothroyd. "Ethical Challenges in the Face of a Targeted Threat." Psychiatric Services 55, no. 12 (December 2004): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.12.1444.

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Seppa, Nathan. "Long-term threat: Young cancer survivors face risks later." Science News 171, no. 10 (September 30, 2009): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.2007.5591711013.

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Masood, Ehsan. "Greenpeace defiant in face of threat from oil company." Nature 388, no. 6645 (August 1997): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/42095.

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Levin, Aaron. "Avoidance May Supplant Vigilance in Face of Severe Threat." Psychiatric News 45, no. 10 (May 21, 2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.45.10.psychnews_45_10_035.

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Ma, Yina, and Shihui Han. "Self-face advantage is modulated by social threat – Boss effect on self-face recognition." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, no. 4 (July 2009): 1048–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.05.008.

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Faridizad, Ali, and Shahla Simin. "Investigation of the Degree of Perceived Face Threat in Low, Medium, and High Face Threat Situations Regarding Politeness Theory in Iranian EFL Contexts." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 52 (May 2015): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.52.28.

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The goal of this study was to investigate the degree of perceived face threat in three different situations namely low, medium, and high face threat situations with respect to politeness theory in Iranian EFL Contexts. To obtain this purpose, 140 undergraduate students including 70 males and 70 females majoring in English literature, translation and teaching from Sheik-Bahai University were selected. This sample was chosen by means of stratified random sampling procedure. A questionnaire was utilized as the instrument to examine the degree of perceived face threat in three aforementioned situations. The data gathered by means of the questionnaire were analyzed to find out the answer to the research question. In general, the findings revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among students’ performance in perceived face threat scenarios.

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Shcherbakova, N. V. "ISSUES OF INFORMATION SECURITY OF SOCIETY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY." Vestnik NSUEM, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/2073-6495-2021-1-245-253.

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Cybercrime is a growing industry around the world imposing significant costs on firms. Cyber threats have driven companies to build layers of defenses, resorting to a variety of products and services developed by different cybersecurity vendors. The financial sector is a major target for cybercriminals. The pace of cyberattacks is accelerating too quickly for banks to rely on manual threat analysis and response. The financial organizations face a growing threat from malicious cyber activity. In the financial sector, speed of response is critical to identify and block cyber threats. Regulators are taking notice of the increased risk of cyber threats. Paper draws our attention to information protection system of bank.

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Rantos, Konstantinos, Arnolnt Spyros, Alexandros Papanikolaou, Antonios Kritsas, Christos Ilioudis, and Vasilios Katos. "Interoperability Challenges in the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Ecosystem." Computers 9, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers9010018.

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Threat intelligence helps businesses and organisations make the right decisions in their fight against cyber threats, and strategically design their digital defences for an optimised and up-to-date security situation. Combined with advanced security analysis, threat intelligence helps reduce the time between the detection of an attack and its containment. This is achieved by continuously providing information, accompanied by data, on existing and emerging cyber threats and vulnerabilities affecting corporate networks. This paper addresses challenges that organisations are bound to face when they decide to invest in effective and interoperable cybersecurity information sharing and categorises them in a layered model. Based on this, it provides an evaluation of existing sources that share cybersecurity information. The aim of this research is to help organisations improve their cyber threat information exchange capabilities, to enhance their security posture and be more prepared against emerging threats.

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Vedder-Weiss, Dana, Aliza Segal, and Adam Lefstein. "Teacher Face-Work in Discussions of Video-Recorded Classroom Practice: Constraining or Catalyzing Opportunities to Learn?" Journal of Teacher Education 70, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 538–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487119841895.

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Classroom videos can make instructional practice public, cultivating collaborative, critical teacher discussions. However, video-based learning also involves a risk—the risk of hurting one’s own or a colleague’s public image, or face. In this study, we investigate the role of face threat and face management in teacher professional learning in 16 cases of video-based discussions in six school-based teacher teams. We present findings about the prevalence of face-work, which inhibits or mitigates face threat, as well as an account of various face-work strategies. We illuminate the role face-work plays in shaping opportunities for teacher learning, by analyzing in detail one video-based discussion. This linguistic ethnographic analysis suggests that face threat and face-work in video-based learning are inevitable and have the potential to both catalyze and constrain productive pedagogical discourse. The study demonstrates the critical role of face-work in video-based teacher learning, and the feasibility of investigating it.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Threat face'

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