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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Threat Value'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Noseworthy, Elizabeth Jessie Carleton University Dissertation Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. "English in Mexico: EFL teachers' perceptions of the value, the threat and ELT." Ottawa, 1995.

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2

Akst, Lesley M. "Perceived value threat as a predictor of discrimination toward homosexuals within the legal context." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0014/MQ42118.pdf.

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3

Grigoropoulou, Nikolitsa. "Our Own and the Others: What Happens to Perceptions of Immigrant Threat when Value Priorities Collide?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609152/.

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With immigration controversies increasingly found at the forefront of the European public arena, understanding the social and cultural forces driving negative perceptions of immigrants becomes a pressing task of academic scholarship. Situated within the broader theoretical framework of group-conflict theories, human values theory and social identity theory encourage different interpretations of how our interest to the welfare of the people closest to us (benevolence) and the broader human community (universalism) can inform attitudes towards immigrants. Human values theory argues for a unidirectional, negative effect of benevolence and universalism on negative perceptions of immigrants, while social identity theory suggests that, unlike universalism, benevolence would increase such perceptions. The present study seeks to examine how self-transcending human values (a.k.a. benevolence and universalism) affect perceptions of immigrant threat and whether the locus of our value priority matters. Using nationally pooled data from the European Social Survey (ESS) for 15 European countries, the results provide robust evidence that benevolence and universalism affect perceived immigrant threat in opposite directions, generally aligning with the propositions of the social identity theory. The group we place our loyalty matters. At the same time, national context matters too suggesting that grand scheme interpretations of this phenomenon fall short. Theoretical implications and future directions are further discussed.
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Sitniece, Katrīna Marija. "The Power of Values in Determining Interstate Threat Perception." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445527.

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Interstate threat perception plays a vital role in peace and conflict, having the potential to lead to pre-emptive war.  Despite the significance of the theme, little is known about the elements and mechanisms at play guiding threat perception at the state level. This study contributes to said gap by focusing on values as the driver of threat perception. The argument explores the regional constraints of threat perception, focusing on regional military interventions and their effects on the threat perception of the states within said region. Thus, the paper addresses the question of what role value congruence plays in interstate threat perception following a regional military intervention. The paper hypothesises that a higher perceived value congruence between the perceiving state and the intervening state lowers the degree of threat perception. Noting data limitations and isolation challenges, the study finds support for this hypothesis by exploring the case of 2014 Russian intervention in Ukraine and its effects on Belarus, Poland, and Sweden.
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Beauchamp, Alexandra L. "The Value in Science: Perceptions of Religiosity Influence Trust of Scientists." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1530543806752117.

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6

Lindersson, Carl. "Threatening Measures, at Face Value : Electrophysiology Indicating Confounds of the Facial Width-to-Height Ratio." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17350.

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Previous studies support that the relative width of the upper face (facial width-to-height ratio; fWHR) has evolved to signal threat, but these studies rely greatly on subjective facial ratings and measurements prone to confounds. The present study objectively quantifies threat perception to the magnitude of the observers’ electrophysiological reaction, specifically the event-related potential (ERP) called the late positive potential (LPP), and investigate if brow height and jaw width could have confounded previous fWHR studies. Swedish and international students (N = 30, females = 11, Mage = 24 years, SDage = 2.9) were shown computer-generated neutral faces created with the underlying skeletal morphology varying in brow ridge height, cheekbone width and jaw width. Participants first rated how threatening each face was and then viewed 12 blocks of 64 faces while their electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. The results supported that the LPP could be used to index threat perception and showed that only brow height significantly affected both facial ratings (p < .001, ɳp2 = .698) and magnitude of the LPP within the 400 to 800 ms latency (p = .02, d = .542). Hence, brow height, not facial width, could explain previous findings. The results contradict the hypothesis that fWHR is an evolved cue of threat and instead support the overgeneralisation hypothesis in that faces with similar features to anger will be perceived as more threatening.
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7

Syed, Romilla. "DYNAMICS OF IDENTITY THREATS IN ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS: MODELLING INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERSPECTIVES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3906.

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This dissertation examines the identity threats perceived by individuals and organizations in Online Social Networks (OSNs). The research constitutes two major studies. Using the concepts of Value Focused Thinking and the related methodology of Multiple Objectives Decision Analysis, the first research study develops the qualitative and quantitative value models to explain the social identity threats perceived by individuals in Online Social Networks. The qualitative value model defines value hierarchy i.e. the fundamental objectives to prevent social identity threats and taxonomy of user responses, referred to as Social Identity Protection Responses (SIPR), to avert the social identity threats. The quantitative value model describes the utility of the current social networking sites and SIPR to achieve the fundamental objectives for averting social identity threats in OSNs. The second research study examines the threats to the external identity of organizations i.e. Information Security Reputation (ISR) in the aftermath of a data breach. The threat analysis is undertaken by examining the discourses related to the data breach at Home Depot and JPMorgan Chase in the popular microblogging website, Twitter, to identify: 1) the dimensions of information security discussed in the Twitter postings; 2) the attribution of data breach responsibility and the related sentiments expressed in the Twitter postings; and 3) the subsequent diffusion of the tweets that threaten organizational reputation.
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8

Leite, Juliana Valeria 1977. "Prognostic value of the blinking reflex to visual threat in comatous patients = Valor prognóstico do reflexo de piscar à ameaça visual em pacientes comatosos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313507.

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Orientador: Donizeti Cesar Honorato
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T19:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leite_JulianaValeria_M.pdf: 641050 bytes, checksum: b62398f140661279efb6ea212dc9afcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A avaliação do nível de consciência faz parte da rotina da equipe multiprofissional que conduz pacientes em coma. Sinais que possam representar a melhora do nível de consciência destes pacientes são constantemente buscados. Atualmente sabe-se que alguns fatores, como por exemplo, a resposta motora na escala de coma de Glasgow (ECG) e a apresentação do reflexo fotomotor apresentam valor prognóstico, porém nenhum deles é relacionado diretamente ao despertar destes pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de relacionar a presença do reflexo de piscar à ameaça visual (RPAV), com o despertar de pacientes comatosos e evidenciar o seu valor prognóstico. Para tanto foi feito um estudo retrospectivo com os dados obtidos em prontuários do serviço de arquivos médicos do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC-UNICAMP) de pacientes internados nas enfermarias de neurologia clinica e neurocirurgia entre os períodos de abril de 2005 a abril de 2010. Foram selecionados 975 prontuários correspondentes ao diagnóstico de traumatismo cranioencefálico e acidente vascular encefálico. Destes, foram selecionados 119 prontuários de pacientes que se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão representados pela resposta motora menor ou igual a quatro na ECG na admissão hospitalar e a descrição do RPAV durante o período de internação sendo excluídos os pacientes com resposta motora na admissão hospitalar superior a quatro, que não apresentassem a descrição da avaliação do RPAV ou que tivessem patologias neurológicas associadas às mencionadas como fator de seleção para os prontuários. Foram analisados os dados relativos ao sexo, diagnóstico clínico, resposta motora isolada e ao Glasgow total na admissão e alta hospitalar, a apresentação do RPAV durante o período de internação e a evolução clínica do paciente que foi representada pelo despertar, traduzido pela resposta motora seis ou cinco na ECG, evolução ao estado vegetativo persistente e óbito. A análise estatística demonstrou através da análise de regressão logística univariada e multivariada com critério Stepwise de seleção de variáveis uma associação entre a apresentação positiva do RPAV durante o período de internação e o despertar dos pacientes estudados (p<0.001). Todos os 51 pacientes que apresentaram o reflexo despertaram enquanto os pacientes que não apresentaram o reflexo não despertaram, evoluindo ao estado vegetativo persistente (24 pacientes) ou ao óbito (44 pacientes). Os pacientes que apresentaram o reflexo positivo durante o período de internação apresentaram uma maior possibilidade de despertar (11.685.00 vezes maior) dos que não o apresentaram adotando-se o nível de significância para os testes estatísticos de 5%, ou seja, p<0.05. O presente estudo demonstrou que o RPAV apresenta valor prognostico, estando sua apresentação positiva diretamente associada ao despertar destes pacientes
Abstract: The level of consciousness assessment is part of the hospital routine in comatose patients. Signs that may indicate cognitive improvement in these patients are constantly searched. Nowadays it is kwon that some features represent prognostic value, however, none relates directly with awakening in coma patients. The main purpose of this study was to associate the presence of the blinking reflex as a response to a visual threat with awakening in coma patients. We reviewed medical records from University of Campinas Clinical Hospital from patients diagnosed with stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) who stayed in the hospital neurological ward from April 2005 to April 2010. We reviewed 975 medical records. 119 patients were included; on admission they presented a score four or less for motor response in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and description RPVA during hospitalization, being excluded patients with diagnoses other than those cited and motor response at admission more than four, which did not present the description of the assessment the blinking reflex or had neurological pathologies associated with those mentioned as selection factor for records. We gathered information from the charts regarding sex, disease, GCS total score, GCS motor score on admission and discharge, the presence or absence of the blinking reflex and level of consciousness on discharge, characterized as awakening, persistent vegetative state or death. Statistical analysis demonstrated through the analysis of univariate and multivariate logistic regression with stepwise selection criterion variables of a direct association between a positive blinking reflex of to visual threat during the period of hospitalization awakening in our cohort (p<0.001) . All the 51 patients with a positive reflex awoke, while patients with a negative reflex don't awakening evolved to persistent vegetative state (24) or death (44). A positive blinking reflex to visual threat during hospitalization increases the chance of awakening by 11.685.00 times when compared with patients with a negative reflex. The blinking reflex as a response to a threat has great prognostic value while its positivity is directly associated with awakening in coma patients
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestra em Ciências Médicas
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9

Shabir, Asim. "Supersizing : a financial saving or threat to consumer health : the moderating role of nutritional labels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191125_SHABIR_168p658wo433wo325yrsqlh_TH.pdf.

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Cette thèse adopte une approche mixte basée sur des études qualitatives et quantitatives. Dans un premier temps, une phase exploratoire qualitative permet de mettre à jour les antécédents et les conséquences d’un achat de produits alimentaires en grand format. Les conclusions de cette phase qualitative suggèrent que le consommateur choisit le format des aliments selon le rapport quantité/prix, la sensation de faim, la ressemblance et l’influence sociale. De plus, choisir les grands formats génère diverses conséquences, en termes d’économies financières, de problèmes de santé, de gaspillage alimentaire, de culpabilité et de satisfaction. Notre étude qualitative nous permet de proposer un modèle centré autour de l’alternative entre les avantages financiers et les considérations de santé. L'étude quantitative a démontré que les stratégies de prix dégressifs selon les quantités achetées incitent non seulement les consommateurs à acheter et à consommer davantage, mais aussi, dans le même temps, amenuisent leurs objectifs de santé et diminuent leur culpabilité de trop consommer (souvent associée aux aliments hédoniques). Cependant, la présence d’étiquettes nutritionnelles contenant les informations relatives aux calories et aux nutriments pour le format proposé, remet au premier rang les objectifs de santé et augmente le sentiment de culpabilité. Cette thèse contribue à la littérature existante sur le « supersizing » dans le cas de produits alimentaires. A la lumière de la théorie des Moyens-Fins et dans une approche de Transformative Consumer Research ; cette recherche apporte des pistes d’action susceptibles d’améliorer le bien-être alimentaire de tous
This dissertation adopted a mixed-method approach based on qualitative and quantitative studies. The qualitative exploratory research examined the antecedents and consequences behind the purchase of supersized food products. Our findings from the qualitative study suggest that consumers’ choice of upsized food is inspired by several antecedents such as price quantity trade-off, hunger, likeness, and social influence. Besides, the acquisition of a larger food container also results in some inevitable consequences, which appear in the form of financial saving, health concerns, food waste, guilt, and satisfaction. Our qualitative study led the foundation for quantitative research to further examine the role of supersized pricing.The quantitative study demonstrated that such pricing strategies not only cause consumers to purchase and consume more but at the same time influence their crucial goals in distinct domains, expressly, by diminishing the importance of health goals and decreasing the anticipated consumption guilt which is often associated with hedonic foods. The supersized pricing is influential in affecting the buying behavior of consumers; however, the carefully designed nutritional labels containing the nutritional information related to the whole portion can refrain them from diminished health focus and increase their feelings of guilt for hedonic food. Moreover, supersized pricing can also be used to enhance the size choice of healthy food.This dissertation contributes to the existing literature on supersizing, consumption guilt, and nutritional labeling in light of the Means-End theory and TCR. It also discusses the marketing and public policy implications
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10

Webber, David. "The motivating influence of death are individual differences in death-thought accessibility and defensive behavior related? /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939351871&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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11

King, Owen Christopher. "Three Kinds of Goodness for a Person." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461257876.

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12

Rainey, Joseph Daniel, Andrew Brown, Ondrej Dvorak, Michael T. Dzurak, Francisco Olea, and Timur Suleymanov. "Single Door Thrust Recovery Valve." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144923.

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13

Tae, Jennifer. "Firm heterogeneity, innovation, and value capture : three essays." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2013. http://opus.bath.ac.uk/45075/.

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14

Requena, Casado Laura. "The economic value of education : three statistical approaches." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19610/.

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This thesis deals with the topic of the economic value of education from three different substantive and statistical perspectives. In Chapter 2 the effects on educational subject choice of the increase in tuition fees after the 2012 higher education reform in the UK are analysed at individual level. A multinomial logit model with a difference-in-differences approach is estimated with data from HESA, choosing Scotland, where the 2012 reform had no effect, as the control group. Several models are presented taking into account students’ socioeconomic background and gender. Main results show that after the reform students are less likely to opt for Arts & Humanities and more likely to choose Health & Life Sciences. Chapter 3 estimates the returns to education in Spain using an instrumental variables approach. With data from the 2011 Living Conditions Survey, a sample selectivity model is estimated in order to avoid possible selection biases derived from only considering wage-earners. Family background variables are used as instruments for schooling. Beside showing that, in agreement with pertinent literature, ordinary least squares coefficients are downward biased, the analysis confirms that more educated individuals have the largest returns, although in Spain educational returns are higher for women than for men. In the context of increasing global migrations, recent research has shown relevant differences in education and skills between natives and immigrants in developed societies. With data from PIAAC, chapter 4 presents extended Mincerian equations to gauge differences regarding returns to skills and levels of education between natives and immigrants arrived to Denmark, France, Spain, and United Kingdom from OECD and non-OECD countries. The ordinary least squares analysis is complemented with a Bayesian estimation. Results suggest that there are significant differences between native and immigrant returns to education in some of the European countries considered.
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Grange, Camille. "Three essays on the value of online social commerce." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/48386.

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Online social commerce is a new phenomenon at the intersection of social media and e- Commerce. While it triggers rising interest from practitioners, the progress of its understanding in academic research is delayed by conceptual and empirical challenges (e.g., multifaceted nature, interdependent users). This thesis aims to tackle these challenges to further the understanding of whether, under which conditions, and how socially infused settings enhance the quality of consumers’ experience. In Paper #1, I develop a view of social commerce that accounts for two key aspects of social media (i.e., they are supported by technological platforms, and they rely on social networks) as well as for the nature of the context (i.e., exchanges between consumers and business actors). This paper serves as a conceptual background for two studies that focus on consumers’ product search via social network (SN)-enabled shopping platforms. These two studies are conducted within a similar experimental environment that uses a custom-developed restaurant review site integrated with Facebook. In Paper #2, I analyze whether and under which conditions SN-enabled shopping settings are effective in facilitating experiences that are diagnostic (i.e., informative) and serendipitous (i.e., prone to unexpected but useful findings). I find that serendipity is a prominent benefit of SN-enabled platforms versus traditional ones, and that diagnostic and serendipity are both more contingent upon the size of shoppers’ friendship network when the platform is designed with private versus open boundaries. While Paper #2 focuses on design effects, Paper #3 concentrates on the effects of social ties. I explain how two properties of consumers’ social capital (i.e., quantity and quality) influence two important outcomes of consumers’ experiences: their perceptions of usefulness and enjoyment. I find that the three proposed intervening factors (mobilizing friends’ informational resources, effort reduction, and curiosity arousal) do not equally facilitate usefulness and enjoyment, which creates interesting future research avenue. In summary, this research contributes by: (1) offering a rich account of the social commerce phenomenon, (2) explaining why and how online social relationships matter, and (3) offering some methodological lessons for future investigations.
Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Mugaju, James. "Health Care Services for Child Survival and Performance-Based Management in Three Kosovo Municipalities." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5910.

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After the Republic of Kosovo's declaration of independence in 2008, new municipal structures were created with the charge of monitoring the delivery of health care services; yet, no mechanism for monitoring performance was ever implemented. With the public value theory as the foundation, the purpose of this multiple case study of 3 Kosovo municipalities was to understand issues surrounding the capacity of local government health department to monitor their performance related to the delivery of services. Relevant data were collected through focus-group discussions with 10 nurses, 9 directors of family medicine centers, and 12 municipal program managers. Purposeful semistructured interviews were conducted with 3 elected officials, 3 leaders of health care services, 3 policy leaders of relevant central-level ministries, and 9 participants from the national coalition of civil society organizations. All data were transcribed and coded per thematic analysis procedures. Results indicated that integrating the threefold value system of business value, social value, and governance value into municipal work plans and policy considerations will likely create a more solution-oriented service delivery at the municipal level. Furthermore, service delivery in the 3 municipalities appears to have improved over the past 5 years because of the pressure from active citizens, increased community engagement, and the institutionalization of home visits. Positive social change implications stemming from this study include the recommendation to central and local policy makers to fully integrate performance-based reporting systems into local legislation and policies. Such efforts can result in sustainable, equitable, and inclusive development, leading to stability and prosperity in Kosovo.
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Lim, Chu Yeong. "Three empirical essays on bank accounting." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/three-empirical-essays-on-bank-accounting(4cbd4150-4bdb-4947-8759-9bbc9f415563).html.

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This thesis presents new empirical evidence on three important aspects of financial reporting by banks. The thesis consists of an introductory chapter that explains how the three issues are related to each other, three empirical chapters and a final summary chapter. The first empirical chapter studies the effects of accounting conservatism on the pricing of syndicated bank loans. I provide evidence that banks more timely in loss recognition charge higher spreads for the same loan provision. I go on to consider what happens to this relationship during the financial crisis. During the crisis, banks more timely in loss recognition increase their spreads to a lesser extent than banks less timely in loss recognition. The policy implication is that banks more timely in loss recognition exhibit more prudent and less pro-cyclical debt pricing behaviour. The second empirical chapter examines the relationship between the value relevance of fair value gains and losses and bank risk in an international bank sample. One possibility is that, as risk increases, the scope for subjectivity in fair value estimates increases thereby potentially rendering the numbers less useful. However another possibility is that the relevance of faithfully reported fair value gains and losses increases as risk increases. The study provides evidence that the value relevance of fair value gains and losses is positively associated with bank risk prior to the crisis. During the crisis there is also evidence of a similar positive relationship, but it is not possible to draw firm conclusions for reasons discussed in the chapter. My research also shows that the fair value gains and losses of banks that elect to use the fair value option for assets that could have been accounted for using amortized costs are more value relevant and persistent. This study provides information to policy makers on the situations when fair values are most useful to investors. The third empirical chapter examines if the market rationally prices the loan loss provisions, and the reported fair value gains and losses of US banks. The chapter models the discretionary components of loan loss provisions and fair value gains and losses, and tests if the discretionary components are priced differently from their non-discretionary counterparts. The results provide little evidence that the market misprices operating cash flows, non-discretionary loan loss provisions, or fair value gains and losses (discretionary or otherwise). However there is evidence of significant mispricing of discretionary loan loss provisions. The lack of evidence on the mispricing of fair value gains and losses is consistent with the finding on the value relevance of fair value gains and losses in the second empirical chapter.
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Kalimeris, Konstantinos. "Initial and boundary value problems in two and three dimensions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/225180.

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This thesis: (a) presents the solution of several boundary value problems (BVPs) for the Laplace and the modified Helmholtz equations in the interior of an equilateral triangle; (b) presents the solution of the heat equation in the interior of an equilateral triangle; (c) computes the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator in the interior of an equilateral triangle for a variety of boundary conditions; (d) discusses the solution of several BVPs for the non-linear Schrödinger equation on the half line. In 1967 the Inverse Scattering Transform method was introduced; this method can be used for the solution of the initial value problem of certain integrable equations including the celebrated Korteweg-de Vries and nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The extension of this method from initial value problems to BVPs was achieved by Fokas in 1997, when a unified method for solving BVPs for both integrable nonlinear PDEs, as well as linear PDEs was introduced. This thesis applies "the Fokas method" to obtain the results mentioned earlier. For linear PDEs, the new method yields a novel integral representation of the solution in the spectral (transform) space; this representation is not yet effective because it contains certain unknown boundary values. However, the new method also yields a relation, known as "the global relation", which couples the unknown boundary values and the given boundary conditions. By manipulating the global relation and the integral representation, it is possible to eliminate the unknown boundary values and hence to obtain an effective solution involving only the given boundary conditions. This approach is used to solve several BVPs for elliptic equations in two dimensions, as well as the heat equation in the interior of an equilateral triangle. The implementation of this approach: (a) provides an alternative way for obtaining classical solutions; (b) for problems that can be solved by classical methods, it yields novel alternative integral representations which have both analytical and computational advantages over the classical solutions; (c) yields solutions of BVPs that apparently cannot be solved by classical methods. In addition, a novel analysis of the global relation for the Helmholtz equation provides a method for computing the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator in the interior of an equilateral triangle for a variety of boundary conditions. Finally, for the nonlinear Schrödinger on the half line, although the global relation is in general rather complicated, it is still possible to obtain explicit results for certain boundary conditions, known as "linearizable boundary conditions". Several such explicit results are obtained and their significance regarding the asymptotic behavior of the solution is discussed.
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Bouyer, Anthony L. "A DissertationAfrican American Males’ Ideas about School Success: A Research Study." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1490607700532611.

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20

Issar, Rajiv Issar. "Market Capitalization and Firm Value: The Size Factor." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4224.

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Current multifactor valuation pricing models use size (measured by market capitalization) of a firm as one factor to determine the value of a security. The problem with current standard models was that none of them could explain the value of a security consistently and accurately based on current factors and in particular the size factor. The purpose of this quantitative study using existing time-series data over a 10-year period from 2006 to 2015 was to examine the impact of size factor on the realized rate of return of financial securities, while controlling for the impact of market rate of return. There are currently many valuation models but there is no 2-factor model or a model that uses a size factor that includes mid-cap sized securities. The research questions examined mid-cap sized securities for the size factor in a 2-factor model to determine the accuracy of predicting financial returns compared to the current standard Fama-French 3-factor model. The main theoretical framework that guided the study was the efficient market hypothesis that postulates that the price of a stock reflects all relevant available information. Data were collected for historical returns of 15 individual firms and portfolios of securities based on size. Multiple regression analysis methodology was used to examine the impact of size factor on the realized rate of return of financial securities, while controlling for the impact of market rate of return in the modified 2-factor model that included mid-caps. The results of the study indicate that size is a statistically significant factor in a 2-factor model that included mid-caps. The positive social impact of this study is that it could provide greater confidence in financial markets by providing a fair and equitable means of investment and flow of capital for a robust economy.
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Lundgren, Rickard, and Mattias Öhman. "Sustainable Value Creation : - A case study with three major Swedish airlines." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35329.

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The airline industry and Sustainable ValueThe airline industry are, by many, considered to be an industry with a high level of environmental impact, in other words an environmental destroyer. Although some argue that it still does only produces a small part of the world’s total emissions it is still an industry under high pressure from regulatory institutions and customers.

Sustainable value is a rather new concept and allows the user measure a company’s social and/or environmental performance in monetary terms, which is the main difference from many financial calculation models. The ADVANCE sustainable value method is based on theories of opportunity costs and can give indications in terms of efficiency in comparison to a chosen benchmark.Purpose With the use of this method we are interested in finding out if an airline can create a sustainable value even though they are performing an activity that, for some, is seen as destroying the environment? The sustainable value method prime users would be stakeholders such as investors and as many companies in the airline industry are non-public companies, we also aim to discuss a wider range of usage for this method such as for the management internal decision process.

MethodWe have chosen three major Swedish airlines to base our calculations on by using a nonprobability selection. We have excluded companies that are not registered in Sweden, does not provide actual passenger transport, are so called “virtual airline” and/or have not any publicly available information. A virtual airline, in this context, refers to an airline that does not own or lease any own aircrafts and instead are buying passenger chairs from another airline, called codesharing. We will benchmark our calculations towards the Swedish GDP and the Swedish Transport sector.

Theoretical frameworkThe management’s task is to, among other things, implement measures for the management accountants to use in their work. Corporate Sustainable Responsibility’s (CSR) general idea is to act responsible towards the most important questions for their stakeholders such as investors, government etc. CSR has led to that more sustainability information to stakeholders is produced, the type of information that we are using in our calculations.Our findingsBy the use of the ADVANCE method we can see that in fact airlines, despite the high preasure can create a positive Sustainable Value while comparing to the transport sector. We also argue the method can be used by the management as a complement to their other financial measures as it gives other efficiency indications than traditional methods.

 


Flygbranschen och hållbart värdeFlygbranschen är, av många, ansed vara en industri med hög miljöpåverkan. Även om vissa hävdar att det fortfarande bara bidrar till en liten del av världens totala utsläpp, är det fortfarande en bransch under högt tryck från lagstiftande institutioner och kunder. Hållbart värde är ett tämligen nytt begrepp och tillåter att användaren att mäta ett företags sociala och / eller miljöprestanda i monetära termer, vilken är den största skillnaden från många ekonomiska beräkningsmodeller. ADVANCE Sustainable Value metoden är baserad på teorier om alternativa kostnader och kan ge indikationer i fråga om effektivitet i jämförelse med en vald riktmärke. SyfteMed hjälp av denna metod är vi intresserade av att veta om ett flygbolag kan skapa ett hållbart värde trots att de utför en verksamhet som, för vissa, ses som förstör miljön. Metodens främsta användarna är intressenter som investerare. Då många svenska företag i flygbranschen är icke-offentliga bolag, strävar vi också att diskutera en bredare användning för denna metod som för förvaltningen interna beslutsprocessen. MetodVi har valt tre stora svenska flygbolag att basera våra beräkningar på genom att använda en icke sannolikhets urval. Vi har uteslutit företag som inte är registrerade i Sverige, inte ge nuvarande persontransporter, är så kallade "virtuella flygbolag" och / eller inte har någon allmänt tillgänglig information. Ett virtuellt flygbolag, i detta sammanhang hänvisar till ett flygbolag som inte äger eller leasar några egna flygplan och istället köper passagerare stolar från ett annat bolag, kallat code sharing. Vi kommer att jämföra våra beräkningar till den svenska BNP och den svenska transportsektorn. Teoretiskt ramverkLedningens uppgift är att bland annat genomföra åtgärder för förvaltningen revisorer att använda i sitt arbete. Corporate Social Responsobilitys (CSR) allmänna tanken är att agera ansvariga gentemot de viktigaste frågorna för deras intressenter såsom investerare, regeringen osv. CSR har lett till att mer hållbarhets information  produceras, vilken är den typ av information som vi använder i vår beräkningar. Vårat resultatGenom användning av metoden kan vi se att det faktiskt finns ett flygbolag som trots det höga trycket kan skapa ett positivt hållbart värde när vi jämför mot transportsektorn. Vi hävdar också att metoden kan användas av ledningen som ett komplement till sina andra ekonomiska verktyg eftersom det ger andra effektivitet indikationer än traditionella metoder.

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22

Tan, Phay Kiat 1974. "Three dimensional printing : solenoid value-jet for continuous high-speed application." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9262.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-131).
3D Printing is the rapid prototyping of parts by the deposition of a binder material in successive layers onto specific regions of a powder substrate. The current challenge in 3 DP(TM) is the demand for larger built-volume in a shorter time with a high level operational reliability. The solenoid valve-jet printhead possesses key characteristics, which can be used in the design of a scaled-up 3 DP(TM) machine. An experimental study was conducted on the performance of the solenoid valve jet under variable pressure and operational frequency. A flow-rate of 5cm 3/min is obtainable at a pressure of 10psi. A linear relationship is observed between pressure and fluid flow-rate, with an upper operational limit of 25psi. An individual valve-jet evaluated is capable of producing fluid stream with a variability of ± 0.01 mm on the front edge and ± 0.1 mm on the trailing edge. A build time of 4.5 hours, with a single valve-jet printing water into PVA load stainless steel powder as the material system, is required for a volume of 150x300x30 mm with the bulk of time taken by the drying process. Continuous 5 days run of a valve-jet indicate very little deterioration in performance with a flow-rate variance of ±0.2cm 3/min over the test duration. A printhead made up of two valve-jets printing bidirectionally was able to produce geometrical parts but with stepped edges caused the performance variability between different valve-jets. Each solenoid valve-jet needs to be calibrated offline and those with similar capabilities can be put together onto a single printhead. These experimental results indicate that an array of solenoid valve-jet can be assembled into the printhead of a larger scaled-up 3 DP(TM) machine to fabricate larger and accurate parts with minimal maintenance and low risks of failure.
by Phay Kiat Tan.
S.M.
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23

Barros, Victor Maurílio Silva. "Three essays on corporate taxation : financial reporting, value, and firm creation." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11947.

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Doutoramento em Gestão
The doctoral thesis is composed by three self-contained empirical papers that can be read independently, plus an introduction and a conclusive chapter. The first empirical paper, which is entitled “Corporate Taxation and Financial Reporting Quality”, examines whether the relation between tax enforcement and firms’ financial reporting quality varies with firms’ level of tax avoidance in Europe. Incentives for tax avoidance are dissimilar across firms and jurisdictions, as the latter levy firms with different corporate taxation and employ different enforcement mechanisms. Thus, the simple view that higher tax enforcement increases the quality of financial reporting may also change with institutional characteristics. We predict and confirm that in Europe, overall tax enforcement is positively associated with financial reporting quality, although there is a greater incidence for firms engaged in more tax avoidance. We find a lower sensitivity to tax enforcement for firms engaged in less tax avoidance, which is consistent with the tendency for these firms to already report higher quality financial information. Furthermore, it is unclear whether our findings are sensitive to variations in other tax system characteristics and in institutional characteristics. In contrast to other studies, we show that the association between tax enforcement and financial reporting quality is sensitive to firms’ level of tax avoidance, rather than accounting for other differences at country level. The second empirical paper – “Disclosure of Income Taxes and Firm Value: a Cross Country Comparison of IFRS Adopters”, examines whether disclosure of income taxes is associated with firms’ value. We focus on all IAS 12 disclosure requirements in a sample of IFRS adopters in Europe, rather than in the US. The disclosure of income taxes is measured by an index based on hand-collected data from annual reports, which made it possible to distinguish between mandatory and voluntary disclosure of income taxes. Results suggest no direct relation between mandatory disclosure of income taxes and firms’ value. However, when the level of tax avoidance is taken into consideration the association is significant. Tax avoidance strategies are viewed with scepticism by investors, although disclosure of income taxes mitigates this negative effect, especially for tax aggressive firms, and for “poorly”-governed firms, which is measured by lower institutional ownership. Findings suggest that disclosure of income taxes might play a role in shaping the relation between tax avoidance strategies and firms’ value, rather than the quality of corporate governance. The third empirical paper is entitled as “Crossing the Border: Regional Tax Differences and Firm Creation”. Does the introduction of reduced corporate income tax rates at regional level increases firm creation? Instead of focussing on existing corporate income tax rate differentials, we take advantage of a quasi-natural experiment to study the introduction of reduced corporate income tax rates at regional level. Results suggest that the creation of firms increased with the introduction of reduced corporate income tax rates for specific regions. However, further variations in the corporate income tax rate differential between regions appear to be ineffective in fostering the creation of firms. Indeed, the effect on firm creation is robust regarding border competition, whereby neighbouring municipalities compete for corporate income tax rates. Job creation appears to be positively affected, these new firms are typically small, and the likelihood of their survival appears to be enhanced by the tax change. The findings also highlight the influence of agglomerations in order to take advantage of the tax change. Taken altogether, the findings contrast with the previous literature, which is focussed on existing tax rate differentials, as we demonstrate that what really triggers the creation of new firms is when a tax rate differential between regions is created.
A tese de doutoramento é composta por três artigos empíricos autónomos que podem ser lidos de forma independente, a que se acrescenta um capítulo introdutório e um capítulo conclusivo. O primeiro artigo empírico, intitulado de “Corporate Taxation and Financial Reporting Quality”, analisa se a relação entre o nível de fiscalização da administração fiscal e a qualidade do relato financeiro das empresas varia de acordo com o nível de planeamento fiscal das empresas na Europa. Os incentivos ao planeamento fiscal não são iguais entre empresas e jurisdições, uma vez que estas últimas fazem incidir nas empresas diferentes tributações empresariais e os mecanismos de fiscalização das administrações fiscais variam igualmente entre jurisdições. Nesse sentido, a visão clássica de que uma maior fiscalização da administração fiscal tem efeitos positivos na qualidade do relato financeiro das empresas pode variar de acordo com as características institucionais dos respetivos países. Neste artigo, é previsto e confirmado que na Europa uma maior fiscalização da administração fiscal exerce um efeito positivo na qualidade do relato financeiro das empresas, no entanto esse efeito é mais acentuado para as empresas com maior nível de planeamento fiscal. Verificou-se uma menor sensibilidade para as empresas envolvidas em um menor nível de planeamento fiscal, situação que é consistente com o facto de essas empresas já exibirem um relato financeiro de melhor qualidade. Adicionalmente, os resultados parecem não ser sensíveis a variações em outras características fiscais e em características institucionais. Em contraste com outros estudos, é evidenciado que a associação entre a fiscalização das administrações fiscais e a qualidade do relato financeiro das empresas é sensível ao nível de planeamento fiscal das empresas, ao contrário de estudos existentes que sugerem a existência de efeitos diferentes de acordo com características específicas dos próprios países. O segundo artigo empírico – “Disclosure of Income Taxes and Firm Value: a Cross Country Comparison of IFRS Adopters”, analisa se a divulgação de informação sobre impostos sobre o rendimento relaciona-se com o valor das empresas. O foco recai sobre os requisitos de divulgação da IAS 12, sendo a amostra composta por empresas Europeias que adotaram as IFRS, em vez de empresas cotadas nos EUA que têm sido alvo de mais investigação. A divulgação de informação sobre impostos sobre o rendimento é medida através de um índice construído através de recolha de informação diretamente dos relatórios e contas das empresas, permitindo dessa forma distinguir a divulgação de informação com caráter obrigatório da divulgação de informação voluntária, ambas sobre impostos sobre o rendimento. Os resultados sugerem que não existe relação direta entre a divulgação de informação sobre impostos sobre o rendimento de caráter obrigatório e o valor das empresas. No entanto, quando é considerado o efeito moderador das estratégias de planeamento fiscal, a relação acima descrita é significativa. As estratégias de planeamento fiscal são vistas pelos investidores com ceticismo, todavia a divulgação de informação sobre impostos sobre o rendimento mitiga esse efeito negativo, sobretudo para as empresas com práticas mais agressivas de planeamento fiscal, bem como para as empresas com menor qualidade do corporate governance, medido por uma menor presença de investidores institucionais na estrutura acionista das empresas. Os resultados sugerem que a divulgação de informação sobre impostos sobre o rendimento pode desempenhar um papel importante na definição da relação existente entre as estratégias de planeamento fiscal e o valor das empresas, ao invés da qualidade do corporate governance. O terceiro artigo empírico é denominado de “Crossing the Border: Regional Tax Differences and Firm Creation”. Será que a introdução de taxas de imposto sobre o rendimento empresarial reduzidas ao nível regional aumenta a criação de empresas? Em vez do foco recair sobre diferenciais de taxas de imposto já existentes entre regiões, este estudo toma partido de uma aproximação a uma experiência natural para analisar o momento da introdução de taxas de imposto sobre o rendimento empresarial mais reduzidas para algumas regiões. Os resultados sugerem que a criação de empresas aumenta com a introdução de taxas de imposto reduzidas sobre o rendimento empresarial. Contudo, variações posteriores no diferencial de taxas de imposto entre regiões parecem não ser eficazes para fomentar a criação de empresas. Além do mais, o efeito na criação de empresas parece ser influenciado por competições fiscais regionais, nas quais municípios vizinhos podem competir ao nível das taxas de imposto sobre o rendimento empresarial. A criação de emprego parece ser positivamente afetada com a alteração fiscal, as novas empresas são tipicamente de pequena dimensão e a probabilidade de sobrevivência parece melhorar como consequência da alteração fiscal. Os resultados também salientam a importância dos aglomerados para que as empresas aproveitem a alteração fiscal. Em geral, os resultados contrastam com a literatura que foca-se em diferenciais de taxas já existentes entre regiões, uma vez que neste estudo é demonstrado que o período mais relevante para despoletar a criação de novas empresas é o período da criação de um diferencial de taxas entre regiões.
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24

Gnagey, Jennifer. "Three Essays on the Economics of Education." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405433052.

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25

Thomas, Vineet Sunny. "A Comparative Study for the Effect of Tissure Anisotropy on the Behavior of a Single Cardiac Pressure Cycle for a Symmetric Tri-Leaflet Valve." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1284703306.

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26

Trubshaw, Donald Mark. "Modelling institutional values transmission through a comparative case study of three schools." Thesis, University of Derby, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/337247.

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This thesis presents a model of institutional values transmission through cross-case analysis of values education undertaken in three UK secondary schools. Since the early 1980s a significant amount of research has been carried out on cultural transmission and the transmission of values, though it has focused on intergenerational transmission within families and the interaction between the school and the family in terms of converging and diverging values and worldviews. Very little work has been done on the process of transmission of values in schools or other organisations that is evidence-based. An increasing number of governments and organisations, as well as schools, are beginning to invest seriously in values education programmes, but whether the idea of values education is theoretically coherent is still disputed. Through an evaluation of the philosophical, psychological and sociological literature on values and employing phenomenological and semiotic analyses, a theory of values as transmissible entities is developed, which is then extended to a general concept of values transmission using the twin terms invocation and evocation, to denote modes of bringing value concepts to the awareness of an audience and of generating group cohesion through a shared experience linked to particular values, respectively, these terms themselves emerging from the theory of values. Through data collection, analysis and modelling of values education in three schools – a state comprehensive, a faith school and an independent – a plausible mechanism for institutional values transmission is developed. This mechanism integrates two partial models: a permeation-authority inculcation model of transmission flow with a resistance-transformation model of moral autonomy. At its heart it envisages a systemically robust cycle of institutional values discourse, institutional cultural expectations and the generation of a sense of community shored up by individual commitment. A two tier qualitative approach is used in this research, having both an inductive, theory generating phase of field research, data capture and analysis, and a deductive, hypothesis-led confirmatory phase. The inductive phase uses a case study format and cross-case analysis, providing data for analysis and for testing a set of hypotheses in the deductive phase. The development of a mechanism for institutional values transmission is carried out using an institutional model of the schools as a data collection and analytical instrument, based on three structural aspects: an authority hierarchy; an interiority/exteriority duality in the institutional lived-experience; and a system hierarchy. Multiple data collection and analytic methods are employed in each case study, in order to build up a ‘three-dimensional’ picture of the transmission of values in each school. Both comparative and iterative cross-case analyses are carried out. The findings emerging from the case studies suggest the following tentative conclusions: schools have varying degrees of awareness of the values that they impart, although all consider values education to be an important part of what they do and to impact on student performance and behaviour; while there is some explicit values-oriented pedagogy, most teaching of values is implicit; schools with greater ethnic diversity have more challenges to build a cohesive community, as this is at odds with the ‘spontaneous sociality’ of the pupils; there is a broad convergence on the same values found most widely distributed throughout schools across the widest range possible with respect to forms of governance, educational philosophy and demography. The findings carry a number of pedagogical implications: general support is found for explicit values education programmes and the linking between behavioural standards and academic achievement; the importance of the development of a ‘moral community’ around the ethos of the school and the creation of opportunities for multiple belonging is highlighted; and resistance to institutional authority structures is explored for its significant potential for transformation to an acceptance of institutional values.
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27

Cole, Jennifer Marie. "Thrift and the value of scarce resources : a circuit of culture approach to the production, representation and consumption of the cultural value of thrift through the lens of food magazines." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32361.

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Food media in the UK has grown in popularity, even during the recent recession; at the same time, the recession made thrift a fashionable topic in the public sphere and popular culture. The thesis investigates how the cultural value of thrift is constructed in the context of food magazines. The thesis employs a multi-method ‘circuit of culture’ approach in order to more adequately assess the producer-text-consumer relationship than is typical in magazines studies. In doing so, the thesis both generates a case study of how the cultural value of thrift is produced, represented and consumed through food magazines, and examines and contextualises the roles of different market actors within the circuit, including both cultural intermediaries (magazine writers) and readers. The findings demonstrate that thrift is a relational and negotiated concept. The textual analysis of the magazines demonstrates how both time and money are positioned as valuable resources within the magazines. Magazines act as manuals on resource management by offering thrift related advice on a number of issues including when to invest more or less time/ money in food preparation, and practices to reduce waste, in order to demonstrate how food work can be achieved within the constraints of everyday life. In the case of magazine writers and readers, findings reveal how thrift is defined through resource management: thrift is constructed through notions of scarcity and the associated valuing of time and money as resources. As such, individuals’ understandings of thrift—in relation to necessities, competing demands and shifting proximities to scarcity— are primarily shaped by gender (especially feminine norms around motherhood and domestic labour); and, for cultural intermediaries, genre and professional conventions. Finally, the analysis assesses the usefulness of the circuit of culture approach to studies of cultural values and cultural products.
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Kikuchi, Colin P. "Three Perspectives on the Worth of Hydrologic Data." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581328.

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Data collection is an integral part of hydrologic investigations; yet, hydrologic data collection is costly, particularly in subsurface environments. Consequently, it is critical to target data collection efforts toward prospective data sets that will best address the questions at hand, in the context of the study. Experimental and monitoring network designs that have been carefully planned with a specific objective in mind are likely to yield information-rich data that can address critical questions of concern. Conversely, data collection undertaken without careful planning may yield datasets that contain little information relevant to the questions of concern. This dissertation research develops and presents approaches that can be used to support careful planning of hydrologic experiments and monitoring networks. Specifically, three general types of problems are considered. Under the first problem type, the objective of the hydrologic investigation is to discriminate among rival conceptual models, or among rival predictive groupings. A Bayesian methodology is presented that can be used to rank prospective datasets during the planning phases of a hydrologic investigation. Under the second problem type, the objective is to quantify the impact of existing data on reductions in parameter uncertainty. An inverse modeling approach is presented to quantify the impact of existing data on parameter uncertainty when the hydrogeologic conceptual model is uncertain. The third and final problem type focuses on data collection in a water resource management context, with the specific goal to maximize profits without imposing adverse environmental impacts. A risk-based decision support framework is developed using detailed hydrologic simulation to evaluate probabilistic constraints. This enables direct calculation of the profit gains associated with prospective reductions in system parameter uncertainty, and the possible environmental impacts of unknown bias in the system parameters.
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Mellring, Erik, and Mikaela Stalén. "Three is the magic number, or is it? : Payment facilitators and their role in modernized value propositions." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68609.

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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explain and to create an understanding how incorporating an external actor to administer payment services has an effect on the value propositions offered to the consumer. Design/methodology/approach - The study adopts a qualitative approach, since the purpose is to explain and gain understanding about how incorporating an external actor to administer payment services has an effect on the value propositions offered to the consumer. The data has been collected through 13 interviews conducted with respondents from the consumer-, service provider- and payment intermediary segments. Findings - The results from the study illustrates that payment intermediaries do have an effect on the value propositions offered to consumers. However, since value is subjectively interpreted, the findings of this study indicate that incorporating a payment intermediary does not always result in a contribution of value. Furthermore, it is clear that it could influence consumer purchasing decision drastically in specific contexts. Research limitations - The study is conducted on Swedish e-commerce, which means generalizations between the countries cannot be made. Future research for other countries are needed for the findings to be applicable. Practical implications - Findings of this study indicate that incorporating a payment intermediary could influence consumer purchasing decision drastically, in a positive as well as in a negative manner, dependent on the context. Consumers prefer and expect to have a number of payment alternatives with the option to include or exclude an external actor if desired. Keywords - E-commerce, value proposition, value, payment intermediary, customer relationship management
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30

Scislaw, Kenneth Edward. "Three essays on the value premium : can investors capture the promised rewards?" Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/936.

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A consensus exists in the body of academic literature that stocks with high BE/ME characteristics outperform stocks with low BE/ME characteristics. Researchers disagree, however, as to the cause of the phenomenon. Two competing theories have emerged. The value premium originates either from the relative riskiness of high BE/ME value and low BE/ME growth stocks or from the persistent irrational pricing of those stocks. Market participants question whether the long lineage of academic research showing the existence of the value premium can actually be applied to their portfolio decision-making. The lack of a pervasive value premium across stock size strata suggests the return phenomenon may result from information asymmetry or trading noise, and not from the pricing of greater risk. The value premium appears to be exclusively available to market participants who can effectively navigate the smallest, most illiquid segment of the stock market. In other words, the value premium does not appear to be available to large institutional investors.
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31

Salifu, Ekililu. "Value for money evaluation of three operational NHS Private Finance Initiative contracts." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20542/.

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This thesis draws on the analysis of data from interviews, observations, documents and archival records to examine the conditions of possibility for PFI procurements by three English National Health Service (NHS) Trusts and the extent to which these projects are affordable and delivering Value for Money (VfM). Drawing from Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and his social praxeology, the thesis problematizes the critical explanations for the adoption of PFI by NHS Trusts and the VfM evaluations in operational projects. It contributes to the literature by theorising and empirically examining the operational conditions that have made NHS PFI a viable possibility, and the affordability and VfM issues arising from choosing and implementing PFI. On the conditions of possibility, the thesis finds that the state, through a statecraft of modernisation, structured local dispositions for PFI programmes using multi-layered and multi-directed reforms. Reforms restructuring the bureaucracy and financing of healthcare delivery, together with state-wide neoliberal practices, made Trusts more receptive to the use of the PFI. In addition, the increasingly evolving demands from national healthcare delivery frameworks in their applications to insufficiently resourced Trusts, defined the spatio-temporal adoption of the PFI. The thesis also finds that the projects are relatively unaffordable, but the reasons for their unaffordability are complex and multi-layered. In addition, VfM in operational projects is polysemous; has largely become symbolic and inconsequential, with its pursuit and constitution taken for granted. Ex-post evaluation programmes are not executed as procurers hold the costs of such exercises to outweigh the benefits. Furthermore, HM Treasury’s regime for VfM determination, in application, constructs a VfM reality removed from the ‘lived’ experiences of the procurers; and accounts for the apathetic inertia in PFI procurements. However, this same regime works to the benefit of stakeholders vested with financial and ideological interests in the functioning of the PFI.
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Lightle, John P. "Three Essays on Information Transmission and Pooling in Common Value Decision Making." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211560798.

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33

Andison, Christopher. "Patient-Specific Finite Element Modeling of the Mitral Valve." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33396.

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As the most commonly diseased heart valve, the mitral valve (MV) has been the subject of extensive research for many years. Unfortunately, the only treatment options currently available are surgical repair and replacement. Although repair is almost always preferable to replacement, it is often underperformed due to the complexity of MV repair surgeries. Consequently, there is significant interest in generating patient-specific finite element models of the MV for the purpose of simulating mitral repairs. For practical purposes transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) images are most commonly used to reconstruct the mitral apparatus. However, limitations in ultrasound technology have prevented the detection of leaflet thicknesses. In the current study, a method was developed to accurately model variations in leaflet thicknesses using TEE datasets. Nine healthy datasets were modeled and the leaflet thicknesses were found to closely match previously reported results. As anticipated, normal valve function was also observed over the entire cardiac cycle.
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34

Petrova, Petia. "Three Essays on the Applied Microeconomics of Households." Thesis, Boston College, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1809.

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The first chapter (with Richard Arnott) considers an atomistic developer who decides when and at what density to develop his land, under a property value tax system characterized by three time-invariant tax rates. The second chapter adds to the controversial literature on private annuities. The third chapter examines whether a parent's illness causes adult children to provide their parents with financial assistance
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2004
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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35

Yip, Kwok Thye. "The attributes of value co-creation in service and its impact on customers' willingness to pay : observations from three service industries." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3368.

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Marketing literature has propagated “customer-participation” and “co-production” in the seller-buyer framework since the 1970s (Lovelock and Young 1979), yet marketing knowledge gaps exist in this area. Recent management research emphasise the need to re-evaluate how value is created for consumers and to consider the close nature of the interactions between buyers and sellers (Payne et al 2008). Vargo and Lusch’s (2004) proposed service-dominant logic reiterates this need, arguing that the “customer is always the co-creator of value”, as they are part of the system that delivers value. Understanding value co-creation is then important to management research, as it uncovers new opportunities to create “value” for customers. This also enables firms to formulate better pricing strategies. This thesis examines value co-creation attributes and how they may impact on the customer’s willingness to pay. Three studies utilising qualitative and quantitative methods have been conducted to address the research question. The first two studies employed qualitative methods to derive insights into value co-creation attributes from a comparative case study perspective under two different service contexts; the defence and healthcare industries. The third study, conducted under the higher education context, employed quantitative methods to gauge the impact of value co-creation attributes on the customers’ willingness to pay. The qualitative studies found six generic value co-creation attributes, while the quantitative study empirically verified the importance of value co-creation attributes and the fact that they may impact on the customer’s willingness to pay for a service. This thesis validates that value co-creation is important in service provision. As customers become increasingly informed and empowered, a deeper understanding of how customers co-create value with the firm is then central to marketing activities, specifically in how firms design and price their services. Therefore, this thesis contributes to marketing knowledge by proposing value co-creation attributes that have both theoretical and managerial implications.
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36

Kuruzovich, Jason Nicholas. "Electronic mediation, transformation, and business value three essays in the retail auto industry /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3981.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Business and Management. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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37

Akaaboune, Ouadie. "Environmental Sustainability: A Three Part Essay of The Value Relevance of Cost Management." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1288.

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The purpose of this three-part study is to analyze the concept of sustainability and its pillars at the county level from a cost management prospective. The first chapter, examine the relationship between resource allocation and environmental management, where I attempt to empirically demonstrate that reallocating resources toward social goods without increasing total spending could in fact improve environmental performance by the county. The second chapter, eco-efficiency and its outcome are examined at the county level as an approach to measuring the competitiveness of fiscal policy (input) in improving environmental performance (output) and its impact on the overall financial condition of the county (outcome). The third chapter, assess the extent to which economic development at the county level benefit from the presence of pro-active environmental efforts such as recycling programs. In this three-part study, I employ a sample of 66 Florida counties from 2005 to 2014.
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38

Ko, Hsiu-Hsin. "Three Essays on Exchange Rates and Fundamentals." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245264972.

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39

Jervis, Clive Andrew. "A theory of program correctness with three valued logic." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277297.

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Raggio, Randle David. "Three essays exploring consumers' relationships with brands and the implications for brand equity." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1146066729.

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41

O'Donoghue, Padraic Eimear. "Boundary integral equation approach to nonlinear response control of large space structures : alternating technique applied to multiple flaws in three dimensional bodies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20685.

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42

Wiwattanakantang, Karuna. "Three essays on fiscal competition, the value of commitment, and foreign direct investment determination." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337162.

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43

Sternal, Martin [Verfasser]. "Mergers and Acquisitions by Digital Technology Giants : Three Perspectives on Value Creation / Martin Sternal." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1225182751/34.

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44

Surendran, Nair Sujithkumar. "Three Essays on Watershed Modeling, Value of Water Quality and Optimization of Conservation Management." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261582121.

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45

McLaren, Josephine Anne. "Can EVA™ create value? : a dynamic longitudinal investigation of three New Zealand companies." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2875.

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When Economic Value Added (EVA™) was first promoted by the patent-holders, Stern Stewart and Company, it was hailed as an innovation in management accounting. The suggestion was that this measure could be used as the basis for the management control system within the firm, covering planning, control, investment decision making and remuneration determination. Many firms introduced the EVA system. New Zealand, in particular, was exposed to the EVA methodology through the publication in 1996 of a Value-Based Reporting Protocol that was recommended for state-owned enterprises. This study adopts a longitudinal perspective to examine the experience of three large companies in New Zealand, who implemented EVA in the late 1990s. These companies are ex-nationalised firms; two are state-owned enterprises and one is listed. The firms implemented EVA in the late 1990s and continued to use it as the management control system for a period of 10-15 years. The evidence is gathered from a questionnaire conducted in 1999, interviews conducted in 2001 and 2011, and supporting documentary evidence. It covers the entire ‘life cycle’ of EVA, from initial implementation, through its evolution to the eventual decline. Three different theoretical frameworks are developed from three academic disciplines and applied in an original context to analyse this EVA evidence. The first is the discovery theory framework, drawing from the economics literature base. This framework is used to consider whether EVA can be regarded as a discovery process within the organisation, to discover the source of value that is known to exist in these ex-nationalised firms. The second, from the management literature, is used to investigate whether EVA can be viewed as a management model in the firm. Finally, contingency theory as applied in management accounting is extended to a longitudinal perspective to analyse the variables that were important at each stage of the EVA life cycle. A central theme of each framework was the information provided and the incentives created by the measure. The thesis provides original contributions to the evidence on EVA, including why EVA needed to evolve and why it eventually failed. Further contributions are the suggestions for development and extension of each framework and the synthesising of the frameworks. Finally, implications for practitioners and policy makers are considered.
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Mahmood, Rashid Siddiqui. "Multilevel mesh adaptivity for elliptic boundary value problems in two and three space dimensions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1303/.

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In this work we have developed, implemented and tested a new multilevel hybrid algorithm for the adaptive finite element solution of a general class of variational problems. Our multilevel hybrid algorithm is a combination of node movement, edge swapping and local h-refinement. The adaptive strategy used in our hybrid algorithm is based upon the construction of a hierarchy of locally optimal meshes starting with a coarse grid for which the location and the connectivity of the nodes is optimised. The grid is then locally refined and the new mesh is optimised in the same manner. Our hybrid algorithm does not need any global solution of the problem, it uses only local information to update the nodal solution values by solving the local variational problems on a relatively small domain with only few unknowns. The node movement strategy is based upon knowledge of a steepest descent direction for each node found by a gradient calculation. A derivation of the gradient of stored energy with respect to the position of nodes is provided. A strategy for the movement of interior as well as boundary nodes is then given. Edge/face swapping in two and three space dimensions is explained and algorithms for node movement and edge swapping are given. Detailed descriptions of the possible local refinement strategies in two and three space dimensions are provided. Possible variants of our hybrid algorithm are considered and aspects of our hybrid algorithm regarding the quality of the meshes achieved and the computational work undertaken are discussed with some preliminary results. We have applied our hybrid algorithm on a number of test problems: considering linear, nonlinear and system of equations in two and three space dimensions. A detailed comparison of the results produced by our hybrid algorithm with other adaptive approaches has been made for all of our test problems. Results presented indicate that our hybrid algorithm can produce better meshes, in both two and three space dimensions, than is possible by more conventional adaptive strategies.
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47

Klink, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Three-valued abstraction for stochastic systems / vorgelegt von Daniel Klink." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1005319200/34.

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48

Li, Xiang-Ning. "Quantitative assessment of mitral regurgitation with three-dimensional doppler echocardiography /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8039.

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Buchele, Suzanne Fox. "Three-dimensional binary space partitioning tree and constructive solid geometry tree construction from algebraic boundary representations /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Blankson, Herbert K. "A Three Cultures Model Approach to Understanding Organizational Communication: A Case Study of Multicultural Organizations." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1307992562.

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