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Journal articles on the topic 'Threats of biological origin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Battisti, Corrado, Marisa Perchinelli, Sharon Vanadia, Pietro Giovacchini, and Letizia Marsili. "Monitoring Effectiveness of an Operational Project on Two Threatened Landbirds: Applying a Before–After Threat Analysis and Threat Reduction Assessment." Land 12, no. 2 (2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020464.

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Human activities are at the origin of anthropogenic threats altering ecosystems at any hierarchical level. To mitigate them, environmental managers develop projects to obtain effective outcomes on biological targets of conservation concern. Here, we carried out two new approaches (TAN = Threat Analysis and TRA = Threat Reduction Assessment) aimed at assessing the effectiveness of conservation actions on two threatened beach-nesting landbird species, the Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) and the Little Ringed Plover (C. dubius), breeding along a coastal beach of central Italy. Using a sc

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Alexander, MAKARENKO, Klestova Zinaida, and SAMORODOV Yugeniy. "LOCAL ORIGIN AND GLOBAL SPREAD OF VIRUSES. POSSIBLE PATHOGENIC VIRUSES DISTRIBUTION FROM AN EXAMPLE OF ANTARCTIC STUDY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 3, no. 1 (2019): 51–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483272.

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<em>The growth of transport rates, external trade and touristic relations in the modern world for medicine rise new problems associated with the risk of proliferation of biological threats. However, in addition to this, other ways of their spread, such as wild fauna, water, air, etc., remain important factors in the transmission of dangerous pathogens. In addition to identifying pathways for the transmission of pathogens, an important factor is an identification of pathogen sources, their evolution, the ability to preserve infectious properties and persist with various environmental factors, i

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Luzina, Tatiana, Olga Elfimova, Valeria Vysotskaya, and Natalia Komissarova. "Architectonics of A Biosafe World: The Cross-Border Aspect." E3S Web of Conferences 630 (2025): 02015. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202563002015.

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The category of ecosystem is an integral part of the conceptual apparatus of all modern science and is considered multidisciplinary. In the modern world there are a huge number of threats, including biological ones, which cause irreparable damage to nature, ecology and destructively affect the state of humans, flora and fauna. Of course, the development of biotechnology carries risks for ecosystems, but no less danger lies in such a process as foreign trade between states. Cross-border movement of goods, such as live animals, plants, goods of plant origin, with violation of biological measures

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Jaimes Delgado, Pedro Emilio, Liliana Margarita Pérez Olmos, and Orlando Celis Salazar. "Intervention model for exposure and control of biological risk. Study of universal precautions in nursing staff." TECHNO REVIEW. International Technology, Science and Society Review /Revista Internacional de Tecnología, Ciencia y Sociedad 13, no. 3 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/revtechno.v13.4963.

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In recent years, analyzes were carried out in hospitals in Colombia that showed that there were patients who contracted dangerous bacteria during their stay in some health institutions. In addition to patients, all health personnel are exposed to these pathogens, as they are present in the environment. They are threats of natural origin that extend beyond private spaces and activities of people, and that due to their magnitude, speed and contingency require a management process in which better and greater control is required to mitigate the risk. resulting effect.

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Onishchenko, G. G., V. Yu Smolenskii, E. B. Ezhlova, et al. "TOPICAL ISSUES OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY UNDER CURRENT CONDITIONS. PART 2. CONCEPTUAL, TERMINOLOGICAL, AND DEFINITIVE FRAMEWORK OF BIOLOGICAL SAFETY." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 68, no. 11 (2013): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v68i11.836.

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In accordance with the established conceptual base for the up-to-date broad interpretation of biological safety, and IHR (2005), developed is the notional, terminological, and definitive framework, comprising 33 elements. Key item of the nomenclature is the biological safety that is identified as population safety (individual, social, national) from direct and (or) human environment mediated (occupational, socio-economic, geopolitical infrastructures, ecological system) exposures to hazardous biological factors. Ultimate objective of the biological safety provision is to prevent and liquidate

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Prystash, Justin. "Rhizomatic Subjects." Nineteenth-Century Literature 66, no. 2 (2011): 141–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2011.66.2.141.

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Abstract By examining Thomas Carlyle's scientific writings (often buried in his “literary” texts) and placing them in relation to Charles Kingsley's work on marine biology, this essay explores how these writers posit a transcendent, eternal origin in order to stabilize a normative hierarchy of subjectivity in the present. Their concept of the eternal origin was internally subverted, however, through the metaphorical irruption of organisms from natural history, especially the roots of plants and coral. These nonhierarchical, rhizomatic organisms express, as Carlyle puts it, so many “rhizophagou

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7

Ross, Alastair B., Hadley Muller, Arvind Subbaraj, et al. "Metabolomics for Plant Health Biosecurity Diagnostics and Response." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054654.

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The increasing diversity of potential biosecurity threats makes their diagnosis a complicated and evolving area, requiring moving beyond traditional taxonomic species identification. New biosecurity diagnostic tools should provide a greater depth of information on threat biology to enable accurate risk assessment for the more efficient and effective deployment of biosecurity resources. Metabolomics is amongst the new approaches being explored for biosecurity diagnostics, where a broad spectrum of metabolites might signify relevant biological characteristics of an intercepted organism. Examples

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Brusiło, Paweł, Adam Węgrzyn, Andrzej Graczyk, and Alicja Małgorzata Graczyk. "Hydrogen SWOT Analysis of Poland’s Energy Transition." Energies 18, no. 7 (2025): 1789. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071789.

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This paper presents a comprehensive SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of utilizing hydrogen as a renewable fuel of non-biological origin (RFNBO) in Poland’s energy transition. Given Poland’s reliance on fossil fuels, its deep decarbonization poses socio-economic and infrastructural challenges. This study examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with integrating hydrogen as an RFNBO fuel into Poland’s energy mix, focusing on economic, regulatory, technological, and social factors. The strengths identified include potential energy

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Verma, Shivam, Srabani Sanyal, and Prashant Kushwaha. "Evaluating the status of Parvati Arga Ramsar wetland in Gonda district, Uttar Pradesh, India." National Geographical Journal of India 69, no. 4 (2023): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.48008/ngji.1844.

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Wetlands are one of the ecotonal ecosystems in the biosphere. They provide diverse ecosystem services and habitats to a multitude of flora and fauna and are considered hotspots of biodiversity. The globally recognized Ramsar Convention signed in 1972 provides a scientific framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands. Parvati-Arga wetland is a pair of two oxbow lakes protected as a bird sanctuary and is also a designated Ramsar site. It lies in the Saryu par flood plains in Gonda, Uttar Pradesh. This study deals with providing a comprehensive profile of the biological diversity of th

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KC, Jibesh Kumar, Karma Dolma Gurung, and Puspa Deep Shrestha. "Lowland Wetlands in Nepal." Initiation 5 (April 19, 2014): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v5i0.10269.

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Wetlands are considered to be one of the most threatened of all major natural ecosystems and are claimed to deserve a high priority for conservation and sustainable use. The conservation of wetlands is important because it provides a multitude of benefits i.e. ecological, economic, aesthetic, religious and socio-cultural benefits. This paper attempts to gather information about significance and classification of wetlands on the one hand and current status of lowland wetlands of Nepal and their threats on the other. Wetland dependent communities account for more than 17 % of the country’s popul

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Renault, Véronique, Marie-France Humblet, and Claude Saegerman. "Biosecurity Concept: Origins, Evolution and Perspectives." Animals 12, no. 1 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12010063.

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Originally used in reference to the management of biological weapons and bio-terrorism, the term biosecurity was first used in the agricultural sector in the 1980s as “the sum of risk management practices in the defence against biological threats”. This term was then taken up in different strategic documents of different organisations, so multiple definitions and understandings co-exist. This short communication reviews the origins and evolution of the biosecurity concept and discusses the future perspectives of biosecurity in regard to the One Health Approach and the changing environment.

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Sharma, Palak, and Atul Kumar Dubey. "Advances in the detection of explosives and chemical weapons: A comprehensive review." IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences 9, no. 2 (2024): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2024.011.

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The persistent threat of explosives and chemical weapons necessitates continual advancements in detection technologies to ensure public safety and national security. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of explosive and chemical weapon detection. Emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of this research, the paper covers a range of sensing technologies, including ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and biosensors.The review explores the integration of nanotechnology to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of

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Albornoz, Marta V., Camila C. Santander, and Armando Alfaro-Tapia. "A Review of the Arrival, Effects, and Management of Bagrada hilaris in South America: The Case of Chile." Horticulturae 10, no. 10 (2024): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10101072.

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Biological invasions are partly defined by their ability to spread rapidly within invaded regions, posing threats to biodiversity and local species assemblages. The painted bug, Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) (Burmeister, 1835), originally described as being from India, is an important pest worldwide, mainly due to the serious economic losses incurred and the large number of zones invaded. Since its initial detection in Chile in 2016, the invasive and destructive paint bug has started its invasion to the east and invaded new areas in South America. Without adequate control methods,

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Kuligowska, Monika, and Sławomir Neffe. "Collection and Identification of Biological Samples Based on Military On-Site Detection Devices." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 70, no. 4 (2021): 85–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0545.

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Due to still current biological threats related to the activities of terrorist groups, crisis situations in many regions of the world, as well as cyclical epidemics, fast and reliable detection of biological contamina-tion is an essential element of ensuring broadly understood safety of the population. The work deals with the sampling and verification procedures. This paper focuses on sample preparation techniques for analysis and details analytical methods for identifying biological agents. Additionally, on-site technologies implemented in military devices for the detection of biological cont

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Prasolova, O. V. "Deposit of pathogenic microbial strains as a basis for biosafety." Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, no. 3 (October 13, 2024): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2024.3.39.

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The spread of animal infections is a major biological threat given the large number of animals imported into the Russian Federation in recent years. The deposit of already studied strains, on the basis of which specific prophylactics are produced, is necessary to prevent biological threats and protect the population and the environment from the impact of dangerous biological factors. Formation, preservation and development of the national collection of pathogenic microorganisms is the main task of the state policy in the field of chemical and biological security in the part concerning resource

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Rivera-Ortíz, Francisco, Jessica Juan-Espinosa, Sofía Solórzano, Ana Contreras-González, and María Arizmendi. "Genetic Assignment Tests to Identify the Probable Geographic Origin of a Captive Specimen of Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico: Implications for Conservation." Diversity 13, no. 6 (2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13060245.

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The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) faces a number of serious conservation threats. The use of genetic markers and assignment tests may help to identify the geographic origin of captive individuals and improve conservation and management programs. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible geographic origin of a captive individual using genetic markers. We used a reference database of genotypes of 86 individuals previously shown to belong to two different genetic groups to determine the genetic assignment of the captive individual of unknown origin (captive specimen) and five indivi

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17

Prié, Vincent, Cédric Alonso, Claude Bou, Diana Maria Paola Galassi, Pierre Marmonier, and Marie-José Dole-Olivier. "The Cent Fonts Aquifer: An Overlooked Subterranean Biodiversity Hotspot in a Stygobiont-Rich Region." Diversity 16, no. 1 (2024): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16010050.

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The South of France is a biodiversity hotspot within Europe. Here, we present a comprehensive review of surveys conducted in the Cent Fonts aquifer, an overlooked subterranean biodiversity hotspot embedded in a region rich in stygobiotic species and threatened by climate change and water abstraction projects. Key studies, spanning from 1950 to 2006, show a progression in survey methods and results, although troglobiotic species remain poorly documented. With 43 stygobiotic species recorded, the Cent Fonts is the richest stygobiont hotspot in France. Most species are regional endemics, a quarte

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Furdychko, O., I. Tymochko, and I. Solomakha. "Ecological and functional features of forest plantations of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine." Balanced nature using, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.4.2021.253081.

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Forest plantations are very important to provide the raw materials and living needs of the population, despite the various ways of their origin, formation and development. They are an important factor in restoring the ecological and biological balance of agricultural lands and objects for the formation of floristic and faunal diversity, the creation of new topical links, the balanced reproduction of new biogeocenoses. Therefore, the forest ecosystems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are considered based on their importance and value for the studied area, in addition, the leading directions of s

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19

Dash, Hirak Ranjan, and Surajit Das. "Microbial Degradation of Forensic Samples of Biological Origin: Potential Threat to Human DNA Typing." Molecular Biotechnology 60, no. 2 (2017): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-017-0052-5.

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20

Ploetz, Randy C. "Cacao Diseases: Important Threats to Chocolate Production Worldwide." Phytopathology® 97, no. 12 (2007): 1634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-12-1634.

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Theobroma cacao, cacao, is an ancient, neotropical domesticate. It is now grown throughout the humid, lowland tropics and is the basis of a multibillion dollar confectionary trade. Diverse diseases impact production of the crop. They reduce yields by ca. 20%, but could cause far greater losses if certain highly damaging diseases were to become more widely distributed. Among the most potentially dangerous of these diseases are frosty pod, caused by Moniliophthora roreri, and witches' broom, caused by M. perniciosa (previously Crinipellis perniciosa). These two diseases occur only in the Western

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Kerchev, Ivan A., Elvina M. Bisirova, Nikita A. Smirnov, Igor G. Grachev, Artem N. Nikiforov, and Daria A. Kalashnikova. "Effects of an Invasive Bark Beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. Outbreak on Carbon Pool Dynamics in West Siberian Dark Coniferous Forests." Forests 15, no. 3 (2024): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030542.

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Invasions of dendrophagous insects pose major threats to forest ecosystems and to the timber industry. The alien species bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandf. of Far Eastern origin has caused Siberian fir dieback in vast areas within several regions of Russia. Rapid spread of the pest and its outbreaks raise the issue of preserving the most important functions, including carbon sequestration, by the damaged forests. In this study, monitoring of carbon pool dynamics was carried out during 2012–2023 on four sample plots showing various degrees of damage in the southern taiga zone of Western S

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Michalak, Nicholas M., Oliver Sng, Iris M. Wang, and Joshua Ackerman. "Sounds of sickness: can people identify infectious disease using sounds of coughs and sneezes?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (2020): 20200944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0944.

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Cough, cough. Is that person sick, or do they just have a throat tickle? A growing body of research suggests pathogen threats shape key aspects of human sociality. However, less research has investigated specific processes involved in pathogen threat detection. Here, we examine whether perceivers can accurately detect pathogen threats using an understudied sensory modality—sound. Participants in four studies judged whether cough and sneeze sounds were produced by people infected with a communicable disease or not. We found no evidence that participants could accurately identify the origins of

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Friberg, Mats. "Ensuring safety at industrial enterprises with the help of personal protective equipment." Upravlenie kachestvom (Quality management), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-1-2101-10.

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During events that threaten people's health, high concentrations of pollutants in the air, outbreaks of diseases transmitted by airborne droplets, special filtering means of protection are used. If used correctly, respirators can reduce the risk of exposure to airborne particles, including aerosols of biological and non-biological origin. Mats Friberg tells about what you should pay attention to when choosing respiratory protection products and how to use them correctly.

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Xiong, Wen, Dong Xie, Qiang Wang, et al. "Non-native species in Poyang Lake Basin: status, threats and management." Aquatic Invasions 18, no. (1) (2023): 119–34. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2023.18.1.103610.

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Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and sustains a high level of biodiversity in the mid-reach area of the Yangtze River watershed. Poyang Lake is also one of the most important aquaculture regions in China, and a great number of non-native species have been introduced into it. We present a current and well-documented list of the non-native species of plants, molluscs, crustaceans, fishes, reptiles, and amphibians currently found in Lake. We found that there are 103 non-native species (83 vascular plants, 12 fishes, three crustacea, two molluscs, two reptiles and one amphibian)

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Nasrallah, Yahia, Sid Ahmed Aouadj, and Hadj Khatir. "Impact of the exploitation of medicinal plants on biodiversity conservation in Saida and El Bayadh regions, Algeria." Biodiversity Research and Conservation 60, no. 1 (2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2020-0011.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to establish an overview of medicinal plants in the Saida and El Bayadh regions through a survey of herbalists. Our survey included more than 60 herbalists spread over the territory of two Wilayas (provinces), in an area representing more than 3% of Algerian territory. At the same time, and when conditions permitted, families were interviewedand their answers most often guided our survey. In addition, we collected information on: traditional herbalists, the most exploited species, areas of origin, periods and quantities exploited, as well as the influence of

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Lomartire, Silvia, and Ana M. M. Gonçalves. "An Overview on Antimicrobial Potential of Edible Terrestrial Plants and Marine Macroalgae Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta Extracts." Marine Drugs 21, no. 3 (2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21030163.

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Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. After a prolonged use of antibiotics, it may happen that bacteria adapt to their presence, developing antibiotic resistance and bringing up health complications. Nowadays, antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health and food security; therefore, scientists have been searching for new classes of antibiotic compounds which naturally express antimicrobial activity. In recent decades, research has been focused on the extraction of plant compounds to treat microbial infections. Plants are potential sources of b

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Shan, Binbin, Gang Yu, Liangming Wang, et al. "Genetic Signature of Pinctada fucata Inferred from Population Genomics: Source Tracking of the Invasion in Mischief Reef of Nansha Islands." Biology 12, no. 1 (2023): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12010097.

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Among the anthropogenic stresses that marine ecosystems face, biological invasions are one of the major threats. Recently, as a result of increasingly intense anthropogenic disturbance, numerous marine species have been introduced to their non-native ranges. However, many introduced species have uncertain original sources. This prevents the design and establishment of methods for controlling or preventing these introduced species. In the present study, genomic sequencing and population genetic analysis were performed to detect the geographic origin of the introduced Pinctada fucata population

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Teow, Sin-Yeang, Alif Che Nordin, Syed A. Ali, and Alan Soo-Beng Khoo. "Exosomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Pathogenesis: Threat or Opportunity?" Advances in Virology 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9852494.

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Nanometre-sized vesicles, also known as exosomes, are derived from endosomes of diverse cell types and present in multiple biological fluids. Depending on their cellular origins, the membrane-bound exosomes packed a variety of functional proteins and RNA species. These microvesicles are secreted into the extracellular space to facilitate intercellular communication. Collective findings demonstrated that exosomes from HIV-infected subjects share many commonalities with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I (HIV-1) particles in terms of proteomics and lipid profiles. These observations postulated

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McCallum, Hamish. "Disease and the dynamics of extinction." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1604 (2012): 2828–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0224.

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Invading infectious diseases can, in theory, lead to the extinction of host populations, particularly if reservoir species are present or if disease transmission is frequency-dependent. The number of historic or prehistoric extinctions that can unequivocally be attributed to infectious disease is relatively small, but gathering firm evidence in retrospect is extremely difficult. Amphibian chytridiomycosis and Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) are two very different infectious diseases that are currently threatening to cause extinctions in Australia. These provide an unusual opportun

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Lopez-Vaamonde, Carlos, David Agassiz, Sylvie Augustin, et al. "Lepidoptera. Chapter 11." BioRisk 4 (July 6, 2010): 603–68. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.4.50.

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We provide a comprehensive overview of those Lepidopteran invasions to Europe that result from increasing globalisation and also review expansion of species within Europe. A total of 97 non-native Lepidoptera species (about 1% of the known fauna), in 20 families and 11 superfamilies have established so far in Europe, of which 30 alone are Pyraloidea. In addition, 88 European species in 25 families have expanded their range within Europe and around 23% of these are of Mediterranean or Balkan origin, invading the north and west. Although a number of these alien species have been in Europe for hu

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Kochanek, Anna, Katarzyna Grąz, Halina Potok, et al. "Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Current State of Research, Sources of Origin, Health Risks, and Regulations—A Comprehensive Review." Toxics 13, no. 7 (2025): 564. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070564.

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Small-particle-produced goods, such as those used in industry, medicine, cosmetics, paints, abrasives, and plastic pellets or powders, are the main sources of microplastics. It is also possible to mention tire recycling granules here. Larger components break down in the environment to generate secondary microplastics. Microplastics, or particles smaller than 5 mm, and nanoplastics, or particles smaller than 1 μm, are the products of degradation and, in particular, disintegration processes that occur in nature as a result of several physical, chemical, and biological variables. Polypropylene, p

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Al-Awwal, Nasruddeen, Ferris Dweik, Samira Mahdi, Majed El-Dweik, and Stephen H. Anderson. "A Review of SARS-CoV-2 Disease (COVID-19): Pandemic in Our Time." Pathogens 11, no. 3 (2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030368.

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Development and deployment of biosensors for the rapid detection of the 2019 novel severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are of utmost importance and urgency during this recent outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which spread rapidly around the world. Cases now confirmed in February 2022 indicate that more than 170 countries worldwide are affected. Recent evidence indicates over 430 million confirmed cases with over 5.92 million deaths scattered across the globe, with the United States having more than 78 million confirmed cases a

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Gromek, Paweł, Monika Wojakowska, Aleksandra Woźniak, and Monika Parada. "Operational Risk and Shaping the Operational Domain of the National Firefighting and Rescue System. Formal and Legal Approach." Central European Journal of Security Studies 1, no. 1 (2023): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/cejss.2023103.

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Operational risk is linked to the domain of the national rescue and firefighting system’s operations, from its launch to the present day. The objective of the paper was to specify relations between operational risk and changes in the above mentioned domain. It was proven that the risk concerns hazards having their origin in the interior of the system, on an interface between the system interior and external environment and in the environment. Those threats defined the adaptation policy of the system and, consequently, the gradual expansion of the domain of activities performed within the natio

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Piwowar, Monika Weronika, Magdalena Ptak-Kaczor, and Jacek Dygut. "SARS-CoV-2 – the origin and spreadin the human population – Part 1.The origin and spread of SARS-CoV-2." Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems 20, no. 1 (2024): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.9093.

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<b>Objective:</b> This paper contains an overview of information related to the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its characteristics, including mutational variability, and monitoring the virus's presence in the human population. <br><b>Methods:</b> A review of medical and biological literature from the PubMed/MEDLINE databases from 1998 to 2024 was performed regarding research on SARS viruses, particularly SARS-CoV-2. <br><b>Results and conclusions:</b> At the end of 2019, cases of a new virus were recorded in China, which within a few months, as

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M, LANEESHA, SACHIN S. SUROSHE, BABASAHEB B. F, and K. SHANKARGANESH. "Papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): A new threat to agri-horticulture ecosystem." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 3 (2020): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i3.101448.

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The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive insect pest of Central American origin that has become a serious threat to about 60 plant species belonging to more than 22 families across the globe. The average life cycle of P. marginatus lasts between 15–32 days depending on host plant species and it can complete about 11–13 generations per year, depending on the temperature and relative humidity. It is of considerable economic importance and causes major losses to both agricultural and horticultural crops. In

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Carvalho, Tamilie, C. Guilherme Becker, and Luís Felipe Toledo. "Historical amphibian declines and extinctions in Brazil linked to chytridiomycosis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1848 (2017): 20162254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2254.

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The recent increase in emerging fungal diseases is causing unprecedented threats to biodiversity. The origin of spread of the frog-killing fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) is a matter of continued debate. To date, the historical amphibian declines in Brazil could not be attributed to chytridiomycosis; the high diversity of hosts coupled with the presence of several Bd lineages predating the reported declines raised the hypothesis that a hypervirulent Bd genotype spread from Brazil to other continents causing the recent global amphibian crisis. We tested for a spatio-temporal overla

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Vračar, Milinko, and Igor Barišić. "The defense function of the state: Traditional and modern understanding." Srpska politička misao 89, no. 1 (2025): 85–108. https://doi.org/10.5937/spm89-53773.

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To understand a phenomenon means to grasp its essence, that is, all the characteristics that define it and distinguish it from other phenomena. Since the defense function of the state is a complex phenomenon encompassing biological, anthropological, philosophical, sociological, psychological, political, security, military, strategic, and other aspects, understanding its essence is no easy task. It requires a multidisciplinary approach and the application of concepts such as man, society, state, values, interests, power, politics, and strategy. The starting point in understanding its essence is

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Wang, Yi, B. Dharmaveer Shetty, Sundaram Kuppu, and Pramod K. Pandey. "Animal waste antibiotic residues and resistance genes: A review." Open Agriculture 7, no. 1 (2022): 688–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0129.

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Abstract Antibiotic resistance is an emerging risk for human and animal health, and mitigating the risk requires an improved understanding of various sources of risks and identifying the level of threats for each source. Many antibiotics are currently used against pathogens for treating infections in animals and humans, and it is considered that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) acquired by pathogens may have an environmental origin. Because of contamination in ambient waterways, it is likely that ARGs may affect both organic and non-organic farming. While health risk as a consequence of ARGs

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De la Paz, Javiera F., Consuelo Anguita-Salinas, César Díaz-Celis, Francisco P. Chávez, and Miguel L. Allende. "The Zebrafish Perivitelline Fluid Provides Maternally-Inherited Defensive Immunity." Biomolecules 10, no. 9 (2020): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10091274.

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In the teleost egg, the embryo is immersed in an extraembryonic fluid that fills the space between the embryo and the chorion and partially isolates it from the external environment, called the perivitelline fluid (PVF). The exact composition of the PVF remains unknown in vertebrate animals. The PVF allows the embryo to avoid dehydration, to maintain a safe osmotic balance and provides mechanical protection; however, its potential defensive properties against bacterial pathogens has not been reported. In this work, we determined the global proteomic profile of PVF in zebrafish eggs and embryos

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Efremova, Inna, Olga Taseiko, Artem Nadezhkin, and Maksim Anikin. "Assessment of the impact of biotic factors on the sustainability of forest ecosystems." E3S Web of Conferences 417 (2023): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341702001.

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In the conditions of active development of the northern regions of Russia, the urgent task is not only strategic planning for the development of the resources of the north, but also a rational approach to the conservation of primary landscapes of ecosystems. Management of natural areas should be based on a risk-based approach that takes into account factors of biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic origin. The method of applying the Bayesian approach to assessing environmental risks is considered on the example of the forest ecosystem of the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Graphical models of p

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Li, Tian, Chuankuo Zhao, Yuxin Guo, et al. "Genetic and Biological Characteristics of Duck-Origin H4N6 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in China in 2022." Viruses 16, no. 2 (2024): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16020207.

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The interaction between migratory birds and domestic waterfowl facilitates viral co-infections, leading to viral reassortment and the emergence of novel viruses. In 2022, samples were collected from duck farms around Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, China, which is located within the East Asia–Australasia flyway. Three strains of H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) were isolated. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolated H4N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) belonged to new genotypes, G23 and G24. All isolated strains demonstrated dual receptor binding properties. Additionally, the

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Serikkyzy, M. S., D. K. Balev, and D. B. Vlahova-Vangelova. "Improvement of meat product traceability system using digital technologies." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2023-4-132-137.

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This research work addresses the issue of enhancing the effectiveness of the meat product traceability system using modern digital technologies. In the context of increasing demand for food safety and minimizing risks to consumer health, ensuring accurate and reliable traceability of the origin, production conditions, and storage of meat products has become a crucial aspect. The aim of the study is to create an integration between the meat product traceability system and contemporary digital technologies. During the work, an analysis of existing problems and shortcomings in the current traceab

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Kruchinina, N. V. "Criminalistic Implementation of Counteraction to the Use of Biotechnologies in the event of Commission of Criminal Oﬀences". Lex Russica, № 2 (28 лютого 2022): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2022.183.2.101-107.

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Achievements in the field of biotechnology raise the standard of human life and improve its quality, open up new opportunities for social activity, including for business, and are also used when combating crime. The paper analyzes the problems associated with the study of trace substances of human biological origin, the collection and storage of genomic information, the formation of such a direction as DNA forensics. The author examines the issue of criminal threats associated with the use of biotechnologies, including crimes committed with the use of biological weapons, bioterrorism, and anal

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Faria, Gonçalo S., Susana A. M. Varela, and Andy Gardner. "The social evolution of sleep: sex differences, intragenomic conflicts and clinical pathologies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1894 (2019): 20182188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2188.

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Sleep appears to be essential for most animals, including humans. Accordingly, individuals who sacrifice sleep are expected to incur costs and so should only be evolutionarily favoured to do this when these costs are offset by other benefits. For instance, a social group might benefit from having some level of wakefulness during the sleeping period if this guards against possible threats. Alternatively, individuals might sacrifice sleep in order to gain an advantage over mate competitors. Here, we perform a theoretical analysis of the social evolutionary pressures that drive investment into sl

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Sherwood, Alison R., and Michael D. Guiry. "Inventory of the Seaweeds and Seagrasses of the Hawaiian Islands." Biology 12, no. 2 (2023): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12020215.

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This updated list is composed of a total of 661 records, which includes 71 brown algae, 450 red algae, 137 green algae, and three seagrasses, with an overall rate of endemism of 13.2%. Almost half (46.7%) of the Hawaiian records presented here are represented by at least one DNA sequence, while 16.3% are confirmed through a DNA sequence match to a topotype, and 6.7% are confirmed through a DNA sequence match to a type specimen. The data are presented in the context of the natural history of the Hawaiian Islands, which is heavily influenced by the volcanic hotspot origin of the archipelago in t

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Bargel, Hendrik, Vanessa T. Trossmann, Christoph Sommer, and Thomas Scheibel. "Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 13 (September 8, 2022): 902–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.81.

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Adhesion to material surfaces is crucial for almost all organisms regarding subsequent biological responses. Mammalian cell attachment to a surrounding biological matrix is essential for maintaining their survival and function concerning tissue formation. Conversely, the adhesion and presence of microbes interferes with important multicellular processes of tissue development. Therefore, tailoring bioselective, biologically active, and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications is a modern focus of biomaterial research. Engineering biomaterials that stimulate and interact with cell r

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Fabricante, Juliano Ricardo, Kelianne Carolina Targino de Araújo, Thieres Santos Almeida, João Paulo Bispo Santos, and Daniel Oliveira Reis. "Invasive alien plants in Sergipe, north-eastern Brazil." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16, no. 1 (2021): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e56427.

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Biological invasions are considered one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. In addition, they cause substantial economic impacts. However, studies about the subject in Brazil are still scarce. The aim of the present study was to prepare an inventory of non-native flora with invasive potential from Sergipe, Brazil. The inventory was carried out along the entire length of the sites. The species with potential invaders were grouped according to the biome/ecosystem and classified according to their habit and origin. Eighty-five species with invasive potential were sampled, 43 in the Ca

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Calistri, Paolo, Nicola Decaro, and Alessio Lorusso. "SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Not the First, Not the Last." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020433.

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The common trait among the betacoronaviruses that emerged during the past two decades (the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus—SARS-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus—MERS-CoV, and the recent SARS coronavirus 2—SARS-CoV-2) is their probable animal origin, all deriving from viruses present in bat species. Bats have arisen the attention of the scientific community as reservoir of emerging viruses, given their wide geographical distribution, their biological diversity (around 1400 species, 21 different families and over 200 genera), and their peculiar ecological and p

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de Medeiros, Alexandre D’Lamare Maia, Cláudio José Galdino da Silva Junior, Julia Didier Pedrosa de Amorim, et al. "Biocellulose for Treatment of Wastewaters Generated by Energy Consuming Industries: A Review." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165066.

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Water and energy are two of the most important resources used by humanity. Discharging highly polluting wastewater without prior treatment is known to adversely affect water potability, agriculture, aquatic life and even society. One of the greatest threats to water sources are contaminated effluents, which can be of residential or industrial origin and whose disposal in nature must comply with specific laws aimed at reducing their environmental impact. As the oil industry is closely related to energy consumption, it is among the sectors most responsible for global pollution. The damage caused

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Muthu, Manikandan, Judy Gopal, Sechul Chun, Anna Jacintha Prameela Devadoss, and Jae-Wook Oh. "Status Quo of Glycosylation in Cancer: What Is, What Is Not and What Is to Be." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238401.

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Glycobiology is gaining paramount importance for its influence on diseases as a consequence of a fundamental understanding of the underlying processes involved in them. Cancer is still posing threats to human health and welfare and therapies are perpetually being sought. Glycans are selectively attached to proteins and lipids during glycosylation, and these hold anchorage positions in many important biological processes involved in cancer through their altered expression or activity upon malignant transformation. Aberrant glycosylation is well established as a hallmark of cancer, linked to tum

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