Academic literature on the topic 'Three ancient problems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Three ancient problems"
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Guo, Jianwei. "Analysis on the Building of Chengdu’s City Brand as “Three Cities and Three Capitals” – Taking Jiezi Ancient Town as an Example." Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (2021): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i4.2451.
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“Three Cities and Three Capitals” is a city brand that Chengdu has been vigorously building. Based on the analysis of the brand construction background, the brand building of Jiezi Ancient Town, and the problems existing in the current brand building of Jiezi Ancient Town, this paper puts forward suggestions, including reconstruction of cultural resources, building an industrial framework, and giving full play to the role of market entities, so as to provide guidance for the cultivation of the brand characteristics in the ancient town and better shape the city brand of “Three Cities and Three Capitals” in Chengdu.
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Simmonds, N. E. "The Nature of Law: Three Problems with One Solution." German Law Journal 12, no. 2 (2011): 601–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001703x.
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Whether or not we have ourselves studied the philosophy of law, most of us are familiar with the fact that philosophical debate concerning the nature of law has been around since Ancient Greece. In much the same way, there have been long-running philosophical debates concerning justice, truth, reason and a host of other issues. The debate concerning law is in some respects different, however. For it is not too difficult to see how the nature of justice or truth or reason could give rise to a specifically philosophical debate, while it is far from clear why the nature of law should generate any philosophical puzzlement at all.
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Guiasu, Silviu. "Three ancient problems solved by using the game theory logic based on the Shapley value." Synthese 181, S1 (2010): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-010-9818-z.
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Eddy, J. A. "Uses of Ancient Data in Modern Astronomy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 91 (1987): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s025292110010613x.
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AbstractAncient astronomical data are a limited resource that can fill unique needs in modern research. Records from the Orient are of particular value because they were taken more or less continuously, as parts of dynastic and local histories – often for astrological purposes. We review three problems in modern astronomy that lean heavily on ancient records from the Middle East and Orient: the study of solar variability; studies of the variable rotation of the earth; and studies of the occurrence and physics of novae, supernovae and comets.
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Li, Xian'e, and Ming Zhuo Zhang. "Analysis on the Protection Mode of Tourism Utilization Type of Ancient Villages in Yellow River Basin." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1379.
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The Utilization type is the most common method of protection the ancient villages in Yellow River Basin. This paper introduces protection mode of tourism utilization type of ancient villages in several ways，which can be divided into four ways in spatial distribution: using old houses for new purpose, building new areas, relocating in new places, making collective imitation. The three ways of management operation for the mode are also introduced , namely, citizen participation, enterprise operation and government domination. The paper also analyzes the potential problems and explores the sustainable development on the historical village tourism and ancient cultural relic’s protection
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Maeyama, Y. "On the Earliest Stage of Chinese Astronomy: 3 Hypotheses." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600018487.
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With the achievements obtained in the last few years, in particular most recently, I arrived at the following three hypotheses which seem to combine some major problems of ancient Chinese astronomy on a common historical basis.
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Sokolova, Natalia I. "The ancient poet and philosopher in M. Arnold’s dramatic poem “Empedocles on Etna”." Science and School, no. 4, 2020 (2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/1819-463x-2020-4-18-25.
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„Empedocles on Etna”, called by Arnold „dramatic poem”, was not meant to be staged. In a work with three actors (Empedocles, his pupil Pausanias and the poet Callicles) there is almost no action, the predominant role is given to the monologues of the famous philosopher. The article analyzes the image of the main character of the poem. The state of the man of transition era in Ancient Greece, suffering from disappointments, doubts, loneliness, Arnold considered consonant with modernity. Lonely, disillusioned in the world Empedocles is contrasted in the poem with Callicles, who joyfully accepts life. Episodes of Ancient Greece mythology are interwoven into the text of the poem, contributing to the understanding of the image of Empedocles, the nature of the relationship between the characters. Empedocles’ monologues touch upon the problems relevant to the Victorian era, connected with the new attitude to the universe, to nature, to the problems of faith. Empedocles with his “congestion of the brain” is close to the author (according to Arnold himself). Thus, without deviating from the facts of the biography of the ancient poet and philosopher, Arnold, in essence, creates a portrait of his contemporary.
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Harris, Rivkah. "The Conflict of Generations in Ancient Mesopotamian Myths." Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, no. 4 (1992): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500018016.
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Recent years have brought a proliferation of studies on the family on such topics as household composition, marriage patterns, childbearing practices, and life-cycle transitions. Scholars in ancient near eastern studies have contributed mainly to the legal and economic aspects of family history. Frequently the work done has centered on philological questions. The cuneiform data on the Mesopotamian family, accidental and all too often limited, is spread over a period of some three thousand years. Nevertheless it is time to broaden the focus despite the inherent problems. In this essay, I treat the question of the dynamics of Mesopotamian family life, more specifically intergenerational conflict, a topic barely touched upon by scholars in the field.
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Kozbelt, Aaron. "Psychological Implications of the History of Realistic Depiction: Ancient Greece, Renaissance Italy and CGI." Leonardo 39, no. 2 (2006): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2006.39.2.139.
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Art historian Ernst Gombrich argued that learning to create convincing realistic depictions is a difficult, incremental process requiring the invention of numerous specific techniques to solve its many problems. Gombrich's argument is elaborated here in a historical review of the evolution of realistic depiction in ancient Greek vase painting, Italian Renaissance painting and contemporary computer-generated imagery (CGI) in video games. The order in which many problems of realism were solved in the three trajectories is strikingly similar, suggesting a common psychological explanation.
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Petersmann, Hubert. "Eusébeia, Threskeía and religio: an ethymological analysis of three disputed terms." Linguistica 33, no. 1 (1993): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.33.1.177-186.
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While extensive philological research work has made clear the usage and the semantics of the words £UO'E£tcx. (also 0£ocre£tcx.), 0p11crKEta and religio in Greek andl Roman literature, their prehistoric meaning, whence the later sense of these terms has developed, is not transparent at all.1 This is due to the fact that one has not paid too much attention to their etymologies, and thus the problems attached have not yet been definitely solved. By renewing these highly disputed questions the following paper hopes to contribute to a more appropriate understanding of the original sense of the Greek and Latin words for religion, which beyond any doubt belonged to the most important concepts of ancient Hellas and Rome.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Three ancient problems"
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Mosse, Martin. "The three gospels : the synoptic problem in the light of ancient history." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683202.
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Johnson, William Isaac. "Conics and geometry." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1565.
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Conics and Geometry is a report that focuses on the development of new approaches in mathematics by breaking from the accepted norm of the time. The conics themselves have their beginning in this manner. The author uses three ancient problems in geometry to illustrate this trend. Doubling the cube, squaring the circle, and trisecting an angle have intrigued mathematicians for centuries. The author shows various approaches at solving these three problems: Hippias’ Quadratrix to trisect an angle and square the circle, Pappus’ hyperbola to trisect an angle, and Little and Harris’ simultaneous solution to all three problems. After presenting these approaches, the focus turns to the conic sections in the non-Euclidean geometry known as Taxicab geometry.<br>text
Books on the topic "Three ancient problems"
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Caston, Victor, ed. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Volume 52. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805762.001.0001.
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Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy provides, twice each year, a collection of the best current work in the field of ancient philosophy. Each volume features original essays that contribute to an understanding of a wide range of themes and problems in all periods of ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, from its beginnings to the threshold of the Middle Ages. From its first volume in 1983, OSAP has been a highly influential venue for work in the field, and has often featured essays of substantial length as well as critical essays on books of distinctive importance. Volume LII contains an article on Anaxagoras’ theory of the intellect, another on Presocratic epistemology and stage-painting, one on Plato’s Euthyphro and another on his Parmenides, one on the varieties of pleasure in Plato and Aristotle, and three on Aristotle: his views on the analysis of arguments, theory of measurement, and the coincidental causes of actions.
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Zachhuber, Johannes. The Rise of Christian Theology and the End of Ancient Metaphysics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859956.001.0001.
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It has rarely been recognized that the Christian writers of the first millennium pursued an ambitious and exciting philosophical project alongside their engagement in the doctrinal controversies of their age. This book offers for the first time a full analysis of this Patristic philosophy. It shows how it took its distinctive shape in the late fourth century and gives an account of its subsequent development until the time of John of Damascus. The book falls into three main parts. The first of them starts from an analysis of the philosophical project underlying the teaching of the Cappadocian fathers, Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nyssa, and Gregory of Nazianzus. This philosophy, arguably the first distinctively Christian theory of being, soon becomes near-universally shared in Eastern Christianity. A few decades after the Cappadocians, all sides in the early Christological controversy take its fundamental tenets for granted. Its application to the Christological problem thus appeared inevitable. Yet it created substantial conceptual problems. Parts II and III of the book describe in detail how these problems led to a series of increasingly radical modifications of the Cappadocian philosophy. The chapters of Part II are dedicated to the miaphysite opponents of the Council of Chalcedon, while Part III discusses the defenders of the Council from the early sixth to the eighth centuries. Through this overview, the book reveals this period as one of remarkable philosophical creativity, fecundity, and innovation.
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Novenson, Matthew V. Messiahs Present and Absent. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255022.003.0004.
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This chapter critically assesses the widespread scholarly notion of a “messianic vacuum”—that is, a period or periods in the history of ancient Judaism marked by a conspicuous absence of messianic expectation. The chapter considers in detail three classic literary sources commonly invoked in this connection: the works of Philo of Alexandria, Flavius Josephus, and the Mishnah. Against the messianic vacuum hypothesis, it is argued that talk about messiahs is simply one of a number of ancient Jewish discursive resources for solving one of a number of social problems. On this model, references to messiahs occur in some early Jewish texts and not in others, and there is nothing curious, remarkable, or deficient about the texts in which they do not. It is the expectation on the part of the interpreter that creates the problem.
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White, Stephen A. Milesian Measures: Time, Space, and Matter. Edited by Patricia Curd and Daniel W. Graham. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195146875.003.0004.
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Any attempt to trace the origin of Greek philosophy faces two complementary problems. One is the fact that evidence for the early philosophers is woefully meager. The other problem raises a question of what is to be counted as philosophy. Yet neither problem is insuperable. This article proposes to reorient the search for origins in two ways, corresponding to these two problems. First, rather than trying to reconstruct vanished work directly, this article focuses on a crucial stage in its ancient reception, in particular, the efforts by Aristotle and his colleagues in the latter half of the fourth century to collect, analyze, and assess the evidence then available for earlier attempts to understand the natural world. The other shift in focus this article makes is from philosophy to science; or rather, it focuses on evidence for the interplay between observation, measurement, and explanation in the work of three sixth-century Milesians.
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Broadie, Sarah. The Ancient Greeks. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0002.
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There are various motives for refining the notion of cause. Aristotle's was an interest in providing the most informative and illuminating method of explaining the central natural phenomena of his universe. A different sort of motive is created by problems of free will and responsibility, of which readers may have been reminded by the reference to indeterminism. The thought that our free and responsible behaviour is caused by factors over which we have no control has often seemed impossible to accept and impossible to reject. The challenge then is to refine the notion of cause either so that the thought becomes more acceptable or so that it becomes more rejectable.
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Adrych, Philippa, Robert Bracey, Dominic Dalglish, Stefanie Lenk, and Rachel Wood. Syncretisms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792536.003.0007.
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The Conclusion to this volume returns to the three main questions posed in the Introduction, examining how a shared name, alongside material culture, can affect our understanding of ancient religious practices. The first section explores the benefits of a collaborative and comparative endeavour, drawing out examples from the earlier chapters and showing how they informed our perceptions of what a name can mean. The second and third parts ask more theoretical questions about how we can use our case studies to explore broader problems of interpreting ancient religious practices, and the role of objects within them. Finally, we return to the main theme of the volume: the name Mithra, and the ideas, expectations, and traditions that have been attached to it in antiquity and in modern scholarship. We suggest a new way of approaching the phenomenon of the shared name, and what that can entail for those interested in ancient religion.
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Rowlands, Mark. World on Fire. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197541890.001.0001.
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We face three epoch-defining environmental problems: climate, extinction, and pestilence. Our climate is changing in ways that will have serious consequences for humans, and it may even profoundly affect the ability of the planet to support life. All around us, other species are disappearing at a rate between several hundred and several thousand times the normal background rate of extinction. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has wreaked social and economic havoc, is merely the latest model off a blossoming production line of newly emerging infectious diseases, many of which have the potential to be far worse. At the heart of these problems lies an ancient habit: eating animals. This habit is the most significant driver of species extinction and of newly emerging infectious diseases, and one of the most important drivers of climate change. This is a habit we can no longer afford to indulge. Breaking it will substantially reduce climate emissions. It will stem our insatiable hunger for land that is at the heart of both the problems of extinction and pestilence. Most importantly, breaking this habit will make available vast areas of land suitable for afforestation: the return of forests to where they once grew. Afforestation will significantly mitigate all three problems. But only if we stop eating animals will we have enough land for this strategy to work.
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Di Bella, Stefano, and Tad M. Schmaltz, eds. The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190608040.001.0001.
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The ancient topic of universals was central to scholastic philosophy, which raised the question of whether universals exist as Platonic forms, as instantiated Aristotelian forms, as concepts abstracted from singular things, or as words that have universal signification. It might be thought that this question lost its importance after the decline of scholasticism in the modern period. However, the fourteen contributions to this volume indicate that the issue of universals retained its vitality in modern philosophy. Modern philosophers in fact were interested in three sets of issues concerning universals: (1) issues concerning the ontological status of universals, (2) issues concerning the psychology of the formation of universal concepts or terms, and (3) issues concerning the value and use of universal concepts or terms in the acquisition of knowledge. Chapters in this volume consider the various forms of “Platonism,” “conceptualism,” and “nominalism” (and distinctive combinations thereof) that emerged from the consideration of such issues in the work of modern philosophers. The volume covers not only the canonical modern figures, namely, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant, but also more neglected figures such as Pierre Gassendi, Pierre-Sylvain Regis, Nicolas Malebranche, Henry More, Ralph Cudworth, and John Norris.
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Caston, Victor, ed. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Volume 55. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836339.001.0001.
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Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy provides, twice each year, a collection of the best current work in the field of ancient philosophy. Each volume features original essays that contribute to an understanding of a wide range of themes and problems in all periods of ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, from the beginnings to the threshold of the Middle Ages. From its first volume in 1983, OSAP has been a highly influential venue for work in the field, and has often featured essays of substantial length as well as critical essays on books of distinctive importance. Volume LV contains: a methodological examination on how the evidence for Presocratic thought is shaped through its reception by later thinkers, using discussions of a world soul as a case study; an article on Plato’s conception of flux and the way in which sensible particulars maintain a kind of continuity while undergoing constant change; a discussion of J. L. Austin’s unpublished lecture notes on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics and his treatment of loss of control (akrasia); an article on the Stoics’ theory of time and in particular Chrysippus’ conception of the present and of events; and two articles on Plotinus, one that identifies a distinct argument to show that there is a single, ultimate metaphysical principle; and a review essay discussing E. K. Emilsson’s recent book, Plotinus.
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Doyle, William, ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Ancien Régime. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199291205.001.0001.
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In this book, a team of contributors surveys and presents current thinking about the world of pre-revolutionary France and Europe. The idea of the Ancien Régime was invented by the French revolutionaries to define what they hoped to destroy and replace. But it was not a precise definition, and although historians have found it conceptually useful, there is wide disagreement about what the Ancien Régime's main features were, how they worked, how old they were, how far they stretched, how dynamic or inert they were, and how far the revolutionaries succeeded in their ambitions to eradicate them. In this collection, old and newer areas of research into the Ancien Régime are presented and assessed, and there has been no attempt to impose any sort of consensus. The result shows what a lively field of historical enquiry the Ancien Régime remains, and points the way towards a range of promising new directions for thinking and writing about the intriguing complex of historical problems that it continues to pose.
Book chapters on the topic "Three ancient problems"
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Sullivan, Vickie B. "Old Lands and Machiavelli’s New One." In Machiavelli's Three Romes. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747847.003.0007.
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This chapter shows that, to provide a solution to the problem of the divided city that was inherent in ancient Rome and that became prominent in Christian times, Niccolò Machiavelli must go beyond Livy's depiction of Rome. He offers indications that his embrace of Livy's Rome is a calculated and provisional step to win the sympathy of his Renaissance readers, who are imbued with an abiding admiration of antiquity. His final destination is a new Rome that corrects the problems of ancient as well as of Christian Rome, and he arrives there by making changes in Livy's account. The problems inherent in both ancient and Christian Rome are corrected by his sketching the outlines of a new, more resilient Rome. The solution he suggests is distinctively modern because it emerges from his own understanding of the manner in which the Christians defeated the pagans. In short, Machiavelli's new Rome utilizes elements of both paganism and Christianity in order to subvert both.
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Mayhew, Robert. "The Titles (and Subtitles) of Aristotle’s Lost Work on Homer." In Aristotle's Lost Homeric Problems. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834564.003.0002.
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I examine four types of evidence for the titles of the lost work that is the focus of this book: (1) the three most reliable ancient biographies of Aristotle, which contain lists of Aristotle’s works; (2) passages from three other, less reliable, ancient biographies of Aristotle; (3) the only three fragments from the Homeric Problems which refer to a title; (4) the incipit (i.e. opening words) of Poetics 25. Of the two most likely titles (Προβλήματα Ὁμηρικά and Ἀπορήματα Ὁμηρικά), I have a preference for the latter. I also discuss the possible explanations for the variation in the number of books attributed to this work (six and ten), and I speculate about the possibility of subtitles (that is, separate titles for each of its six or ten books).
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Doak, Brian R. "Israel’s Neighbors and the Problem of the Past." In Ancient Israel's Neighbors. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190690595.003.0001.
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Tellingly for their importance to ancient Israelite audiences, Israel’s closest geographical neighbors—the Canaanites, Arameans, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Philistines, and Phoenicians—appear nearly as much in the Hebrew Bible as the three dominant empires of Assyria, Babylon, and Egypt. Indeed, several of these smaller neighboring groups individually feature more frequently in the Bible than the mighty Assyrians. These numbers tell us that Israelite authors and their audiences were frequently engaged with their bordering neighbors. The story Israel has to tell about itself deeply involves these smaller, lesser-known nations. By way of beginning the investigation, this chapter clarifies some issues of geography and discusses key terms, such as nation, state, tribe, and addresses other problems of describing borders and national neighbors in the ancient (and modern) world.
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Bowman, Alan K., and Roger S. O. Tomlin. "Wooden Stilus Tablets from Roman Britain." In Images and Artefacts of the Ancient World. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197262962.003.0002.
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The imaging of ancient document papers presents several challenges, the nature of which is determined by the character of the text, the material on which it is written and the state of preservation. This chapter talks about the struggle to read and interpret Latin manuscripts from Roman Britain. These manuscripts come mainly in three forms: texts written in ink on thin wooden leaves, texts inscribed with metal stylus on wax-coated wooden stilus tablets, and texts incised on sheets of lead. This chapter focuses on the problems of imaging and signalling process of the texts found on the Vindolanda stilus tablets. These problems in interpreting ancient texts arise from the two identifiable sources of difficulty. The first one is the problem of seeing and identifying, in abraded and damaged documents what is aimed to be read. The second is the problem arising from the character of the text itself which determines the ability of the reader to decipher and interpret it.
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Beerling, David. "An ancient ozone catastrophe?" In The Emerald Planet. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192806024.003.0011.
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The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest seats of learning in the world and is, as befits such an august institution, steeped in tradition and history. One of the more curious traditions, which survived until 1909, was that of publicly ranking undergraduates who had taken the Mathematical Tripos, the oldest and most demanding examination of its kind. Candidates concluded 10 (now 9) semesters of intensive study by sitting a gruelling series of eight lengthy papers, each more difficult than the last, undertaken over a period of nine days. In rank order, the first 30–40 were called wranglers; the man gaining the highest marks of the year held the enviable position of Senior Wrangler. By tradition the positions were published in the London Times, with the accompanying list carrying pictures and short biographies of the top finishers; being a wrangler conveyed a certain degree of national honour and university distinction. Competition to become Senior Wrangler was intense. The examinations involved a test of knowledge, power of recall, concentration, and nerves, and a system of private coaching developed in response to the demands among the elite mathematicians to be Senior Wrangler. Coaches were often those who had previously placed well in the wrangler competition, with good ones able to teach essential mathematics and an ability to produce stock answers concisely so that as many problems as possible could be solved in the time available. The wrangler system evolved its own natural life cycle, ensuring its perpetuity, for a good coach could charge a tidy sum for seeing a student twice weekly over a year and usually had several candidates on his books. A certain William Hopkins was a superlative tutor who had, by 1849, coached 17 Senior Wranglers and 44 top three places. Wranglers in the top few places had the opportunity to take up a pleasant college fellowship or work as a coach fashioning a career to produce more wranglers. Women in the days of Victorian and Edwardian Cambridge were not awarded a degree but were, from 1870 onwards, permitted to sit the Tripos examination.
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Teegarden, David A. "The Koinon Dogma, the Mercenary Threat and the Consolidation of the Democratic Revolutions in Mid-Fifth-Century Sicily." In Ancient Greek History and Contemporary Social Science. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474421775.003.0017.
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This chapter provides a partial explanation for the apparent success of the many democratic revolutions in mid 5th century Sicily. It makes three primary points. First, the presence of mercenaries and displaced peoples constituted an existential threat to each of the new Sicilian democracies. For example, mercenaries – all of whom previously worked for the then recently deposed tyrants – might support an aspiring tyrant simply for pay. Second, no city could solve the problems posed by mercenaries and displaced peoples by itself. If City A, for example, does not welcome home its former residents currently living in City B, City B might not be able to welcome home its former residents currently living in City C, and so on. For the third point it draws upon the work of Michael Chwe and Barry Weingast and argues that the promulgation of a koinon dogma (Diod. Sic. 11.76.5) helped the citizens of the relevant poleis solve their “inter‐polis coordination problem” and thus helped consolidate the several democratic revolutions in Greek Sicily.
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Tomaszewski, Jerzy. "Polish History through the Eyes of Three Jewish Popular Historians." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 11. Liverpool University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774051.003.0021.
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This chapter provides a comparison of Howard Sachar's book The Course of Modern Jewish History, which was first published in 1958, with two other general works on Jewish history. One is a large volume entitled A History of the Jewish People, edited by Haim Hillel Ben-Sasson, which was first published in Hebrew in 1969. The other is Robert M. Seltzer's Jewish People, Jewish Thought, which is more limited in size and scope and intended for a broad audience. The chapter considers only topics relating to Polish history, not those concerned with exclusively internal Jewish problems or the history of other nations. Nor will there be any general assessment of Sachar's book. Although Ben-Sasson's and Seltzer's works cover Jewish history from ancient to modern times, the story of the Jews in Poland is a relatively recent chapter in this history: it dates only from the creation of the Polish state in the tenth century. Both authors mention the early period of Polish history only briefly, beginning their real narratives of Polish Jewry with the detailed analysis of privileges granted to Jews by Polish kings in the thirteenth century.
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Gray, Benjamin. "Approaching the Hellenistic Polis through Modern Political Theory: The Public Sphere, Pluralism and Prosperity." In Ancient Greek History and Contemporary Social Science. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474421775.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses methods and problems in reconstructing an inclusive, dynamic picture of the political thought and debates of the Hellenistic cities (c. 323– 31 BC), drawing on theories and models from modern political and social theory. It shows the benefits of integrating together the widest range of possible evidence, from Hellenistic philosophy to the most everyday inscriptions, in order to reconstruct for the Hellenistic world the kind of complex, wide-ranging picture of political thought advocated by P. Rosanvallon and others in the study of modern political thinking. When studied in this way, the political thinking and rhetoric of Hellenistic philosophers, intellectuals and citizens reveal attempts to reconcile the Greek polis with ideals of cosmopolitanism and social inclusion, without diluting political vitality. As evidence for this political vitality, the paper demonstrates is the fruitful interlocking and mutual counterbalancing within the Hellenistic public sphere of the three types of political discourse studied in turn in Ober’s trilogy on Classical Athens: political lobbying and negotiation, including rival attempts to shape civic values; philosophical and critical reflection about the foundations of politics; and rationalistic consideration of efficiency, especially the devising and advertisement of incentives.
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Ben-Menahem, Yemima. "Borges on Replication and Concept Formation." In Stepping in the Same River Twice. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300209549.003.0002.
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This chapter examines three stories by Jorge Luis Borges: “Funes: His Memory,” “Averroës's Search,” and “Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote.” Each of these highlights the intricate nature of concepts and replication in the broad sense. The common theme running through these three stories is the word–world relation and the problems this relation generates. In each story, Borges explores one aspect of the process of conceptualization, an endeavor that has engaged philosophers ever since ancient Greece and is still at the center of contemporary philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. Together, Borges's stories present a complex picture of concepts and processes of conceptualization.
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Buchwald, Jed Z., and Mordechai Feingold. "Interpreting Words." In Newton and the Origin of Civilization. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154787.003.0008.
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More than three decades separate Isaac Newton’s explorations of astronomical chronology and his youthful engagement with problems of perception and measurement. By the time of his first computations in the area, shortly before the publication of the Opticks, Isaac Newton’s understanding of measurement had been refined through years of experimental and computational experience, not the least of which occurred as he worked on the motions of bodies in fluids during the 1680s. The previous decade had given Newton considerable familiarity with words from the past, and he had slowly developed a highly skeptical attitude toward ancient remarks that did not have a continuous textual ancestry, or that reflected what he considered to be unreliable “poetic fancies.” Thus, aiming to produce a compelling argument grounded in computation for his new chronology, Newton faced a treacherous triple problem: he had first to argue that the words with which he worked were originally produced near the time of the Trojan War; then he had to transform these words into astronomical data; finally, he had to deploy a technique for working with what he rapidly learned was a set of extremely discrepant observations. He labored over these problems until his death. This chapter follows Newton as he transformed words and calculated.
Conference papers on the topic "Three ancient problems"
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Wiese, D., D. W. Holdsworth, and M. D. A. Thomas. "Non‐Destructive Evaluation and Three Dimensional Visualization of an Ancient Egyptian Artifact with Applications to Modern Engineering Materials." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 1997. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2922482.
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Wiese, D., D. W. Holdsworth, and M. D. A. Thomas. "Non-Destructive Evaluation And Three Dimensional Visualization Of An Ancient Egyptian Artifact With Applications To Modern Engineering Materials." In 10th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.204.1997_103.
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"Ethos, Pathos and Logos: Rhetorical Fixes for an Old Problem: Fake News." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4154.
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Aim/Purpose: The proliferation of fake news through social media threatens to undercut the possibility of ascertaining facts and truth. This paper explores the use of ancient rhetorical tools to identify fake news generally and to see through the misinformation juggernaut of President Donald Trump. Background: The ancient rhetorical appeals described in Aristotle’s Rhetoric—ethos (character of the speaker), pathos (nature of the audience) and logos (message itself)—might be a simple, yet profound fix for the era of fake news. Also known as the rhetorical triangle and used as an aid for effective public speaking by the ancient Greeks, the three appeals can also be utilized for analyzing the main components of discourse. Methodology: Discourse analysis utilizes insights from rhetoric, linguistics, philosophy and anthropology in in order to interpret written and spoken texts. Contribution This paper analyzes Donald Trump’s effective use of Twitter and campaign rallies to create and sustain fake news. Findings: At the point of the writing of this paper, the Washington Post Trump Fact Checker has identified over 10,000 untruths uttered by the president in his first two years of office, for an average of eight untruths per day. In addition, analysis demonstrates that Trump leans heavily on ethos and pathos, almost to the exclusion of logos in his tweets and campaign rallies, making spectacular claims, which seem calculated to arouse emotions and move his base to action. Further, Trump relies heavily on epideictic rhetoric (praising and blaming), excluding forensic (legal) and deliberative rhetoric, which the ancients used for sustained arguments about the past or deliberations about the future of the state. In short, the analysis uncovers how and ostensibly why Trump creates and sustains fake news while claiming that other traditional news outlets, except for FOX news, are the actual purveyors of fake news. Recommendations for Practitioners: Information systems and communication practitioners need to be aware of the ways in which the systems they create and monitor are vulnerable to targeted attacks of the purveyors of fake news. Recommendation for Researchers: Further research on the identification and proliferation of fake news from a variety of disciplines is needed, in order to stem the flow of misinformation and untruths through social media. Impact on Society: The impact of fake news is largely unknown and needs to be better understood, especially during election cycles. Some researchers believe that social media constitute a fifth estate in the United States, challenging the authority of the three branches of government and the traditional press. Future Research: As noted above, further research on the identification and proliferation of fake news from a variety of disciplines is needed, in order to stem the flow of misinformation and untruths through social media.
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"Extracting and Tagging Unstructured Citation of a Hebrew Religious Document." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4345.
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Aim/Purpose: Finding and tagging citation on an ancient Hebrew religious document. These documents have no structured citations and have no bibliography. Background: We look for common patterns within Hebrew religious texts. Methodology: We developed a method that goes over the texts and extracts sentences con-taining the names of three famous authors. Within these sentences we find common ways of addressing those three authors and with these patterns we find references to various other authors. Contribution: This type of text is rich in citations and references to authors, but because there is no structure of references it is very difficult for a computer to automatically identify the references. We hope that with the method we have developed it will be easier for a computer to identify references and even turn them into hyper-links. Findings: We have provided an algorithm to solve the problem of non-structured cita-tions in an old Hebrew plain text. The algorithm definitely was able to find many citations but it has missed out some types of citations. Impact on Society: When the computer recognizes references, it will be able to build (at least par-tially) a bibliography that currently does not exist in such texts at all. Over time, OCR scans more and more ancient texts. This method can make people's access and understanding much. Future Research: After we identify the references, we plan to automatically create a bibliography for these texts and even transform those references into hyperlinks.
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Sawa, Kazuya, Toshiki Hirogaki, Eiichi Aoyama, Kazuya Okubo, and Keiji Ogawa. "Digital Manufacturing of Makyoh-Magic-Mirror for Difficult-to-Machine Material to Process." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34203.
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The Makyoh, or “magic mirror,” is a bronze mirror originating from ancient Japan. The mirror reflects an image on a distant wall when parallel light such as sunlight shines on it. Craftsmen with a great amount of cumulative experience and intuition have produced the Makyoh, and the skill of these craftsmen has advanced continuously. However, there are very few craftsmen today who can make Makyoh mirrors. The problem of the diminishing number of craftsmen, which is not confined to creating the Makyoh, has drawn considerable attention. There have been attempts to digitize the skills (or inferred knowledge) of these craftsmen. To maintain traditions into the future, it is important to assist producers with traditional craftsmanship who have long supported Japanese industry. Therefore, the digital manufacturing of a Makyoh using numerically controlled machining and polishing was attempted. In our first report, a new method to make the Makyoh using a machining center was demonstrated [1]–[3]. In the present report, the influence of the topography of a Makyoh surface was examined, produced by the line machining method, on the projected image. As a result, (1) with our method it was possible to make the makyoh using all three materials. (2) The difference in contrast between cutting on the outer side and on the inner side was large with a decreasing radius of curvature R in circular cutting. (3) We succeeded in processing complicated shapes by using straight lines and curved lines.
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Xu, Guangtong, and Yi He. "Assessment of the remains in historic urban area based on spatial prototype." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/lyxe6926.
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Like most historic and cultural cities in China, the historic urban area of JingMen city is facing a typical spatial problem of fragmentation and fuzzification. This study is focused on exploring a method for evaluating the existing values of historic urban area based on spatial prototype. As a built-up relationship of historic city, spatial prototype has habitual structural characteristics and formal modulus. It is the inherent logic and order rules behind the scattered historic environment, providing a clue to understand the spatial characteristics and a basis for guiding the construction and conservation in historic urban areas. Three criteria, the resolution of historical elements, the integrity of historical structure and the renewal potential of associated plots, were selected to construct the assessment system. These three dimensions are linked to the spatial prototype and its constituent elements, as well as the transformation relationship in ancient and present day. The results showed that historic urban areas have changed from a holistic city to different existing types dominated by their historic structure elements. Finally, a constructive conservation strategy should be adopted to enhance the integrity of historic urban area based on the trace of spatial prototype and evaluation results.
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Marchisio, Emiliano. "PRICE INCREASES DURING THE PANDEMIA AND EU COMPETITION LAW." In International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times): Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18819.
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The debate about the “just price” has ancient origin and returns forcefully to the scene when, in the event of crises of various kinds, there is a rapid and significant increase in prices of given goods or services. In this article it is examined the problem of whether price increases of such a nature could, or should, be considered illicit under EU competition law. The central part of the article reviews different theories on what a “just price” should be and focuses on the idea that a price is “just” when it functions as index of relative scarcity in free markets. It is claimed that such a function deserves protection by EU law. Therefore, price adjustments in response to shocks cannot and should not be considered illegal: it is unacceptable to sanction private firms by attributing them the wrong of not having substituted, at their own expense, for the exercise of a public function (that of making sure that price increases do not put at risk solidarity and other constitutional principles).
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Di Gregorio, Giuseppe. "THE TAORMINA THEATER: THE DIGITAL SURVEY SYSTEM OF KNOWLEDGE OPEN IN TIME." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12168.
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In Sicily there are 19 show venues including ancient theaters and theatrical architectures. Many of these structures are fully functional and subject to visitor flows such as the theater of Syracuse and that of Taormina. They are object of interest and curiosity, revealed in the eighteenth century during the grand tour by travelers and landscape painters, in the last twenty years they have become reasons for study in various scientific areas as from acoustics to archeology, always passing through digital surveying. Studied through classical photogrammetry, structure from motion (SFM), 3D laser scanner, their representation as well as by increasingly refined and detailed two-dimensional graphics, makes use of 3D representations and techniques of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Due to their particular geometry, the need for studies and research is considered essential to deepen the methods of the surveys and plan their developments. Examples and problems for the archaeological survey are reported with the aim of critically evaluating the current state of the art of 3D survey, the potential and possible future developments, in the present study the results obtained for the survey of the Taormina theater (ME) and in-depth analysis of the versure environments.
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Iranmanesh, Nasim. "Lessons from Iranian hot cities for future hot cities." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/coii3874.
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Iran is an ancient country with an old civilization. Most parts of this country have been located in hot and dry region. Many cities of Iran suffer from harsh climate and water scarcity both. But we notice a rich urban planning and architecture in these cities which were adapted with this hard situation. We can survey this adaptation in many aspects of traditional urban planning and architecture in Iran. They could build some building with a good energy saving and prepared some spaces with suitable condition for living. Desert has a harsh climate with hot days and cold nights but Iranians build their houses in such a way to keep warm temperature during nights in their walls and then it had cold walls in days to reduce the temperature of the rooms. Besides they divided their homes to two parts, one part for winter and the second for summer. In summer part they used wind tower to catch and bring the wind into rooms. These houses had central yards which contained pool and plants to reduce the temperature of hot days as well. Briefly, there is a special climatic design in traditional houses of hot cities of Iran. Urban planning of these cities respected some features to reduce the effect hot climate as well. For example, there was a dense urban fabric in these cities with narrow lanes. Also, they could achieve the problem of limitation of water by some intellectual technology which called Qanat. Locating of most of the urban elements of cities obeyed from these Qanats. This Qanat provided drinkable water of city and citizens used water by some traditional hydraulic structures such as water reservoir or baths or ice house and so on. Nowadays sustainable design in architecture and urban planning is an important and essential paradigm. This paradigm emphasized on adapting with nature instead destroying it. Traditional architecture and urban planning of these Iranian cities of hot and dry climate contains a lot of features which can be useful for urban development of future hot cities which will be developed by sustainable urban planning paradigm. This paper reviews some features in traditional urban planning and architecture as some useful lessons for recent and future hot cities. Indeed, there are some aspects in these cities which can lead us a more sustainability in urban planning specially for hot cities.