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Journal articles on the topic 'Three-cylinder engine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bülte, Heiner, Carsten Funke, Klaus-Peter Bark, and Kai Tedsen. "Deutz' New Three-cylinder Gas Engine." ATZheavy duty worldwide 12, no. 1 (March 2019): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41321-019-0003-0.

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2

Bülte, Heiner, Carsten Funke, Klaus-Peter Bark, and Kai Tedsen. "Deutz' New Three-cylinder Gas Engine." MTZ worldwide 80, no. 5 (April 12, 2019): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0031-2.

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3

Flierl, Rudolf, Wilhelm Hannibal, Anton Schurr, and Jörg Neugä. "Turbocharged Three-cylinder Engine with Activation of a Cylinder." MTZ worldwide 75, no. 6 (April 25, 2014): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-014-0158-0.

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4

Liu, Xiao-Ang, Wen-Bin Shangguan, Zhao-Ping Lv, Waizuddin Ahmed, and Weidong Zhu. "A study on optimization method of a powertrain mounting system with a three-cylinder engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 12 (February 15, 2016): 2235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216631004.

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Compared with unbalance forces and moments of four- and six-cylinder engines, forces and moments applied to the engine block from a three-cylinder engine are large and the mechanism for balancing the unbalance forces are complex. So design of a mounting system for the powertrain with a three-cylinder engine is more challenging. This paper presents the analytical methods for obtaining the unbalance forces and moments applied to the engine block for a three-cylinder engine with or without balance measures, and develops a design methodology for the Powertrain Mounting System with a three-cylinder engine. The unbalance forces and moments generated by cylinders, crank and connecting rod mechanisms and applied to the engine block are analyzed firstly. Then, three balance methods for reducing the forces and moments applied to the engine block are proposed and discussed. Three balance measures are described and analyzed. The methods for estimating forces and moments applied to the engine block under the three balance measures are developed and compared. Thirdly, an optimization method is proposed to estimate mount stiffness based on minimization of mount forces transmitted to the car body or sub-frame, along with meeting requirements for placing natural frequencies of the powertrain in prescribed ranges and those for maximizing modal energy distributions of the powertrain in six directions. An example is given to validate the calculation methods and design philosophy for the mounting system of a powertrain with a three-cylinder engine.

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5

Samad, Mohd Abdul, Syed Nawazish Mehdi, and Syed Khader basha. "A Modified Cylinder Block-IC Engine Experimentation." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b2095.0210321.

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In Internal combustion Engines, the adequate cooling plays vital role for proper functioning and enhanced efficiencies. In the present scenario, the demand for Air cooled Engines with higher powers is increasing and hence necessity for Augmented heat transfer through fins. The present work confined to fins mounted on the cylinder block.In the present work, Internal Combustion Engine test rig is used, which consist of 4S, single cylinder, vertical, air cooled, SI Engine with Instrumentation panel, Throttle control mechanism and Electrical Loading system. The performance test on IC engine is carried out for three various configurations of cylinder blocks i.e., 1. Actual cylinder block 2.Cylinder block with triangular profile fins 3. Cylinder block with perforated triangular profile fins. Performance parameters are evaluated, plotted and compared & eventually conclusions are made.

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6

Friedfeldt, Rainer, Thomas Zenner, Roland Ernst, and Andrew Fraser. "Three-Cylinder Gasoline Engine With Direct Injection." ATZautotechnology 12, no. 2 (April 2012): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35595-012-0106-z.

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7

Friedfeldt, Rainer, Thomas Zenner, Roland Ernst, and Andrew Fraser. "Three-Cylinder Gasoline Engine with Direct Injection." Auto Tech Review 2, no. 2 (February 2013): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40112-013-0229-7.

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8

Neusser, Heinz-Jakob, Rüdiger Szengel, Uwe Kirsch, and Jörg Worm. "New Three-Cylinder CNG Engine From Volkswagen." Auto Tech Review 2, no. 10 (October 2013): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40112-013-0444-2.

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9

Friedfeldt, Rainer, Thomas Zenner, Roland Ernst, and Andrew Fraser. "Three-Cylinder Gasoline Engine with Direct Injection." MTZ worldwide 73, no. 5 (May 2012): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-012-0169-7.

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10

Reulein, Claus, Erik Schünemann, Martin Wetzel, and Christian Schwarz. "Thermodynamics of the BMW Three-cylinder Engine." MTZ worldwide 74, no. 5 (April 12, 2013): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-013-0046-z.

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11

GNANAM, Gnanaprakash, Dale HAGGITH, and Andrzej SOBIESIAK. "A novel in-cylinder fuel reformation approach to control HCCI engine combustion on-set." Combustion Engines 138, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117179.

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Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines have the potential to deliver high thermal efficiencies (when compared to spark ignition engines) coupled with ultra-low NOx emissions and Particulate Matter (PM) for partial-load operating regions. However, the inherent absence of Start of Combustion (SOC) or combustion on-set control has been a major obstacle for implementing this technology into production engines. In the present work, a new in-cylinder reformation strategy to control the on-set of combustion has been incorporated into a HCCI engine fuelled with lean ethanol/air mixtures. The objective of the in-cylinder reformation process is to generate hydrogen enriched gas (which includes other intermediate species) from ethanol reformation, which is then used to control the subsequent HCCI cycle combustion on-set. The experimental engine used for the study is a four-stroke, three cylinder In-Direct Injection (IDI) type compression ignition engine which was converted to single cylinder operation for HCCI combustion. A proto-type reformation chamber has been designed and fabricated with direct injection capabilities to examine the proposed in-cylinder reformation process. In order to clarify the effects of reformation products on HCCI combustion on-set, experiments were conducted with constant engine speed, initial charge temperature, and engine coolant temperature. The engine performance was evaluated based on cycle-resolved in-cylinder pressure measurements and regulated engine-out emissions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed in-cylinder reformation strategy is an effective method for controlling HCCI combustion on-set (SOC) and reduces the regulated engine-out emissions. Furthermore, the experimental results indicate that there is an optimal in-cylinder reformation fuelling percentage which will have a positive impact on regular HCCI combustion at given operating conditions.

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12

Eichler, Friedrich, Jörn Kahrstedt, Ekkehard Pott, and Henrik Beddies. "The New Three-Cylinder Engine from Volkswagen’s Modular Diesel Engine System." MTZ worldwide 75, no. 7-8 (June 18, 2014): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-014-0168-y.

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13

Driot, Nicolas, Nathalie Michelin, Vincent Goigoux, and Dirk Wiemeler. "Tailpipe Sound Quality In A Three-Cylinder Engine." Auto Tech Review 2, no. 8 (August 2013): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40112-013-0388-6.

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14

Lee, Byung Chul, Soon Chan Pyo, Sung Moon Cho, and Ebrahim Shakil. "Three-Cylinder Diesel Engine in Hyundai Grand i10." Auto Tech Review 3, no. 2 (February 2014): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40112-014-0546-5.

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15

Driot, Nicolas, Nathalie Michelin, Vincent Goigoux, and Dirk Wiemeler. "Tailpipe sound quality in a three-cylinder engine." ATZ worldwide 112, no. 1 (January 2010): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03225222.

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16

Neusser, Heinz-Jakob, Rüdiger Szengel, Uwe Kirsch, and Jörg Worm. "The New Three-Cylinder CNG Engine from Volkswagen." MTZ worldwide 74, no. 4 (March 4, 2013): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-013-0036-1.

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17

Driot, Nicolas, Nathalie Michel, Vincent Goigoux, and Dirk Wiemeler. "Tailpipe Sound Quality in a Three-Cylinder Engine." ATZautotechnology 10, no. 1 (January 2010): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03247152.

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18

Zhang, Hong Xin, Fa Sen Han, Pei Shu, and Yong Zhi Ma. "Study on Energy Balance of Three-Cylinder HCPE." Applied Mechanics and Materials 729 (January 2015): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.729.161.

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The energy balance of Hydraulic Confined Piston Engine (HCPE) is the key to understanding its working mechanism, improving its efficiency. The working principle of HCPE was presented, and the energy balance for the rated condition and application characteristics for the full conditions were also studied. Taking the low thermal value of fuel into account, the percentage of energy loss related to combustion is 54.99%, the percentage related to friction is 5.59%, the hydraulic loss is 1.92% and the other losses are 1.10%; the efficient work is 36.40%. The efficient work and the loss related to combustion are similar to those of a hydraulic free piston engine and medial speed diesel engine.

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19

Lee, K., C. Lee, and Y. Joo. "Optimization of the intake port shape for a five-valve gasoline engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011528310.

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For the development of a high efficiency gasoline engine, the optimization of the intake port shape for a five-valve engine has been studied. Intake multivalve cylinder heads were manufactured by using a three-dimensional computer-assisted design program, and steady state flow experiments and flow visualization experiments have been performed with these cylinder heads. The five-valve engines, which have larger valve opening areas, have larger intake flowrates and higher tumble ratios than the four-valve engines. The effects of intake port design parameters of a five-valve engine on the intake flowrate and tumble were studied, and the design guidelines for the five-valve engines were established.

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20

Trimby, Stuart, Julian F. Dunne, Colin Bennett, and Dave Richardson. "Unified approach to engine cylinder pressure reconstruction using time-delay neural networks with crank kinematics or block vibration measurements." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 256–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416655013.

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Closed-loop combustion control in gasoline engines can improve efficiency, calibration effort, and performance using different fuels. Knowledge of in-cylinder pressures is a key requirement for closed-loop combustion control. Adaptive cylinder pressure reconstruction offers a realistic alternative to direct sensing, which is otherwise necessary as legislation requires continued reductions in CO2 and exhaust emissions. Direct sensing, however, is expensive and may not prove adequately robust. A new approach is developed for in-cylinder pressure reconstruction on gasoline engines. The approach uses time-delay feedforward artificial neural networks trained with the standard Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The same approach can be applied to reconstruction via measured crank kinematics obtained from a shaft encoder or measured engine cylinder block vibrations obtained from a production knock sensor. The basis of the procedure is initially justified by examination of the information content within measured data, which is considered to be equally important as the network architecture and training methodology. Key hypotheses are constructed and tested using data taken from a three-cylinder (direct injected spark ignition) engine to reveal the influence of the data information content on reconstruction potential. The findings of these hypotheses tests are then used to develop the methodology. The approach is tested by reconstructing cylinder pressure across a wide range of steady-state engine operation using both measured crank kinematics and block accelerations. The results obtained show a very marked improvement over previously published reconstruction accuracy for both crank kinematics and cylinder block vibration–based reconstruction using measurements obtained from a multi-cylinder engine. This article shows that by careful processing of measured engine data, a standard neural network architecture and a standard training algorithm can be used to very accurately reconstruct engine cylinder pressure with high levels of robustness and efficiency.

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21

Bi, Fengrong, Teng Ma, Jian Zhang, Lin Li, and Chunfang Shi. "Knock Detection in Spark Ignition Engines Base on Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition-Hilbert Transform." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9507540.

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In spark ignition engines, knock onset limits the maximum spark advance. An inaccurate identification of this limit penalises the fuel conversion efficiency. Thus knock feature extraction is the key of closed-loop control of ignition in spark ignition engine. This paper reports an investigation of knock detection in spark ignition (SI) engines using CEEMD-Hilbert transform based on the engine cylinder pressure signals and engine cylinder block vibration signals. Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMD) was used to decompose the signal and detect knock characteristic. Hilbert transform was used to analyze the frequency information of knock characteristic. The result shows that, for both of cylinder pressure signals and vibration signals, the CEEMD algorithm could extract the knock characteristic, and the Hilbert transform result shows that the energy of knock impact areas has the phenomenon of frequency concentration in both cylinder pressure signal and cylinder block vibration signal. At last, the knock window is then determined, based on which a new knock intensity evaluation factorKis propose, and it can accurately distinguish between heavy knock, light knock, and normal combustion three states.

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22

McGhee, Michael, Ziman Wang, Alexander Bech, Paul J. Shayler, and Dennis Witt. "The effects of cylinder deactivation on the thermal behaviour and fuel economy of a three-cylinder direct injection spark ignition gasoline engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2838–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018806744.

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The changes in thermal state, emissions and fuel economy of a 1.0-L, three-cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine when a cylinder is deactivated have been explored experimentally. Cylinder deactivation improved engine fuel economy by up to 15% at light engine loads by reducing pumping work, raising indicated thermal efficiency and raising combustion efficiency. Penalties included an increase in NOx emissions and small increases in rubbing friction and gas work losses of the deactivated cylinder. The cyclic pressure variation in the deactivated cylinder falls rapidly after deactivation through blow-by and heat transfer losses. After around seven cycles, the motoring loss is ~2 J/cycle. Engine structural temperatures settle within an 8- to 13-s interval after a switch between two- and three-cylinder operation. Engine heat rejection to coolant is reduced by ~13% by deactivating a cylinder, extending coolant warm-up time to thermostat-opening by 102 s.

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23

Liang, Jinhui, Dongdong Zhang, and Shuwen Wang. "Vibration characteristic analysis of single-cylinder two-stroke engine and mounting system optimization design." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (July 2020): 003685042093063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420930631.

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Compared with four-stroke engines, single-cylinder two-stroke engines have the characteristics of small inertia, high rotational speed, and wide excitation frequency range. However, the structural vibration and noise generated by the two-stroke engine are very violent. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the vibration and noise of the single-cylinder two-stroke engine. Based on the design theory of the engine mounting system, the excitation frequency, direction, and magnitude of a single-cylinder two-stroke engine are analyzed. The rubber isolator is selected as the new mount element, and the dynamic model of the engine powertrain mounting system is established based on ADAMS software. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the design variables of the mounting system, the natural frequency of the mounting system is used as an objective, and the three-directional stiffness of the mounting system is taken as design variables for the optimization problem. The optimization model is solved by the sequential quadratic programming method. The results show that the maximum frequency of the mounting system after optimization is less than 1/[Formula: see text] of the excitation frequency, and the isolation effect is achieved. The dynamic model and the optimization method presented in this article would provide a useful tool for the design and optimization of mounting system for the single-cylinder two-stroke engine to reduce vibration from the engine to the engine support.

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24

Won Lee, Kyung, Kyoung Ik Jang, Jeong Jun Lee, and Dong Han Hur. "New Hyundai/Kia 1.1 L Three-Cylinder Diesel Engine." Auto Tech Review 2, no. 1 (January 2013): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40112-013-0213-2.

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25

Niizato, Tomonori, Mitsuhiro Shibata, Michael Fischer, and Ulf Reinschmidt. "New 1.0-l Three-cylinder Gasoline Engine from Honda." MTZ worldwide 79, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-017-0142-6.

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26

Wang, Jianzhong, Gaoquan Lyu, Johann Schopp, and Hermann Josef Ecker. "The New Three-cylinder Gasoline Engine CE12 by PXC." MTZ worldwide 80, no. 7-8 (July 2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-019-0065-5.

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27

Steffens, Christoph, Georg Eisele, Georg Hanses, and Johann Kartal. "Vehicle Integration and NVH of a Three-Cylinder Engine." ATZ worldwide 116, no. 11 (October 2014): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-014-0239-3.

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28

Olsen, D. B., J. C. Holden, G. C. Hutcherson, and B. D. Willson. "Formaldehyde Characterization Utilizing In-Cylinder Sampling in a Large Bore Natural Gas Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 3 (December 7, 2000): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1363601.

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This research addresses the growing need to better understand the mechanisms through which engine-out formaldehyde is formed in two-stroke cycle large bore natural gas engines. The investigation is performed using a number of different in-cylinder sampling techniques implemented on a Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4TF four-cylinder two-stroke cycle large bore natural gas engine with a 36-cm (14-in.) bore and a 36-cm (14-in.) stroke. The development and application of various in-cylinder sampling techniques is described. Three different types of valves are utilized, (1) a large sample valve for extracting a significant fraction of the cylinder mass, (2) a fast sample valve for crank angle resolution, and (3) check valves. Formaldehyde in-cylinder sampling data are presented that show formaldehyde mole fractions at different times during the engine cycle and at different locations in the engine cylinder. The test results indicate that the latter part of the expansion process is a critical time for engine-out formaldehyde formation. The data show that significant levels of formaldehyde form during piston and end-gas compression. Additionally, formaldehyde is measured during the combustion process at mole fractions five to ten times higher than engine-out formaldehyde mole fractions. Formaldehyde is nearly completely destroyed during the final part of the combustion process. The test results provide insights that advance the current understanding and help direct future work on formaldehyde formation.

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29

Eichler, Friedrich, Wolfgang Demmelbauer-Ebner, Kai Persigehl, and Wolfram Wendt. "The 1.0-l Three-Cylinder TSI Engine in Volkswagen’s Modular Gasoline Engine System." MTZ worldwide 75, no. 11 (October 2014): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-014-0246-1.

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30

Zhu, Feng, Jiujun Xu, Xiaoguang Han, Yan Shen, and Mei Jin. "Tribological performance of three surface-modified piston rings matched with chromium-plated cylinder liner." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-11-2015-0164.

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Purpose The paper aims to investigate the friction and wear properties of three surface-modified piston rings matched with a chromium-plated cylinder liner. Design/methodology/approach Samples were taken from the chromium-plated cylinder liner, Cr-Al2O3 ring, CrN ring and Mo ring. Tribo-tests were conducted on a reciprocating sliding tribometer under fully formulated engine oils. Friction coefficients and wear depths of three friction pairs were tested. Surface morphologies of cylinder liners and piston rings before and after test were analyzed. Findings Experimental results show that in the Cr-Al2O3 piston ring, scuffing occurred easily when matched with the chromium-plated cylinder liner; compared with the Mo ring, the CrN ring could decrease the wear depth of the piston ring from 2.7 to 0.2 μm, and the wear depth of cylinder liner remained; however, the friction coefficient increased from 0.113 to 0.123. The tribological performances of three surface-modified piston rings were significantly different when they matched with chromium-plated cylinder liner. Originality/value Chromium-plated cylinder liner and the three kinds of surface-modified piston rings have excellent friction and wear properties, respectively. However, according to the systematic characteristics of internal combustion (IC) engine tribology, only the appropriate cylinder liner–piston ring can improve the tribological performance of the IC engine. This paper reports the tribological performance of three surface-modified piston rings matched with a chromium-plated cylinder liner. The results can be used as reference for the design of high-power-density diesel engine.

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31

Zain, Shukri, and Shaari M. Fazri. "An Investigation of Supercharged Air Filter System on the Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.443.

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Considering the enhancement device for air intake systems have been widely available in the market for automotive engines, in this paper, the effect of Supercharged Air Filter (SAF) system on a Spark Ignition (SI) engine were experimentally investigated. Three different types of air filter; standard, conical shape air filter and SAF were tested on a four-stroke single-cylinder engine. The engine was coupled to a 20kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show that the forced induction system can affect the engine performance but it will make the engines fuel consumption higher than standard system.

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32

Zhu, Y., H. Zhao, and N. Ladommatos. "Computational fluid dynamics study of the effects of the re-entrant lip shape and toroidal radii of piston bowl on a high-speed direct-injection diesel engine's performance and emissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1011–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x34649.

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The piston bowl design is one of the most important factors that affect the air-fuel mixing and the subsequent combustion and pollutant formation processes in a direct-injection diesel engine. The bowl geometry and dimensions, such as the pip region, bowl lip area, and toroidal radius, are all known to have an effect on the in-cylinder mixing and combustion process. In order to understand better the effect of re-entrant geometry, three piston bowls with different toroidal radii and lip shapes were investigated using computational fluid dynamics engine modelling. KIVA3V with improved submodels was used to model the in-cylinder flows and combustion process, and it was validated on a high-speed direct-injection engine with a second-generation common-rail fuel injection system. The engine's performance, in-cylinder flow, and combustion, and emission characteristics were analysed at maximum power and maximum torque conditions and at part-load operating conditions. Three injector protrusions and injection timings were investigated at full-load and part-load conditions.

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33

Hu, Yi, Rui Ping Zhou, and Jian Guo Yang. "Research on the Fault Diagnosis Technology of Diesel Engine Based on the Instantaneous Speed." Key Engineering Materials 413-414 (June 2009): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.413-414.547.

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The instantaneous speed signals of diesel contain lots of information about machine states, which is useful for fault diagnosis of diesel engine. Mixed fault diagnosis method of diesel engine based on the instantaneous speed has been proposed, which combines with the lower order angular vibration amplitude and SOM neural network to diagnose the cylinder pressure fault, then extracts three feature parameters of instantaneous speed to locate the fault cylinder. The method can detect the cylinder pressure fault accurately in diesel engine and locate the fault cylinder. The experimental confirmation shows that it has good effect on fault diagnosis of diesel engine.

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34

Lee, Sunghoon, Youngsam Gu, Taechung Kim, and Joachim Hahn. "The New Hyundai-Kia 1.0 l Three-cylinder Gasoline Engine." MTZ worldwide 72, no. 7-8 (June 24, 2011): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s38313-011-0070-9.

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35

Lee, Kyung Won, Kyoung Ik Jang, Jeong Jun Lee, and Dong Han Hur. "The New Hyundai/Kia 1.1-l Three-cylinder Diesel Engine." MTZ worldwide 73, no. 9 (August 5, 2012): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-012-0210-x.

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36

Eidenböck, Thomas, Karl Mayr, Werner Neuhauser, and Peter Staub. "The New BMW Six-Cylinder Diesel Engine with Three Turbochargers." MTZ worldwide 73, no. 10 (September 6, 2012): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-012-0222-6.

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37

Dworschak, Johannes, Rolf Feltes, Thomas Fortner, and Werner Mallinger. "The New BMW Six-Cylinder Diesel Engine with Three Turbochargers." MTZ worldwide 73, no. 11 (October 10, 2012): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-012-0240-4.

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38

Demmelbauer-Ebner, Wolfgang, Jörg Theobald, Jörg Worm, and Stefan Becker. "The New 1.0-l TGI Three-cylinder Engine from Volkswagen." MTZ worldwide 78, no. 9 (August 17, 2017): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-017-0086-x.

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39

Jin, Xiao Yu, Jin Jun Tang, Li Qun Hou, Yu Lei Li, and Qun Wang. "Thermal Stress Analysis of the 1015 Engine Cylinder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.610.

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To solve the thermal load problem of 1015 engine cylinder liner, based on the temperature field measured, the boundary condition of 1015 engine cylinder liner was determined, a comparatively perfect mathematic mode and a geometric model are built up, and the analysis of the three dimension temperature field of cylinder liner and the thermal deformation was performed using FEA method.

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40

Kyrtatos, N. P., and I. Koumbarelis. "A Three-Zone Scavenging Model for Two-Stroke Uniflow Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240167.

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A three-zone scavenging model for two-stroke uniflow engines was developed and used in conjunction with a control-volume-type engine simulation code for performance prediction of long stroke uniflow-type marine engines. In this model it is attempted to simulate the three different regions perceived to exist inside the cylinder during scavenging, namely the air, mixing, and combustion products regions, by modeling each region as a separate control volume. Two time-varying coefficients are used to specify the rates of entrainment of the air and the burned gases into the mixing region. Results of the use of the model for predicting the performance of a large marine two-stroke engine are presented.

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41

Hassan, Taj Elssir, Abdelfattah Bilal, and Maisara Mohy Eldin Gasim. "Theoretical Performance Comparison between Inline, Offset and Twin Crankshaft Internal Combustion Engines." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 3, no. 1 (November 6, 2008): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v3i1.76.

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The twin crankshaft engine is anew configuration of internal combustion engine that introduced to solve the engine liner wear problems, increase the engine efficiency and it has other advantages over conventional engines. In this research, a computational work was carried out to compare the performance of three l engine configurations, namely, the conventional (inline) engine, the offset crankshaft engine and the twin crankshaft engine, of the same cylinder bore, speed, crank arm, piston mass and heat addition. The performance measured was the side thrust force that causes liner wear and the output torque. Results showed that the twin crankshaft engine is superior in terms of torque which means it has larger efficiency than the other configurations.

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Popelka, Josef. "Design of System Hydrogen Engine Supercharging." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.607.

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In this paper I am dealing with a general analysis of problems burning of lean hydrogen mixtures in combustion engines. During burning of very lean mixtures burning procedure is over lasted with characteristic features. They need to be removed or reduced. One of these features is low power of engines operating by lean mixtures, which can be partially removed with the help of supercharging such engines. In the second part of the paper I am dealing with a design of supercharging system for a three-cylinder engine with volume 1,2 dm3.

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Vucetic, Ante, Mladen Bozic, Darko Kozarac, and Zoran Lulic. "Characterisation of the combustion process in the spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition engine." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 2025–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci171230263v.

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Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine is a potential solution for reducing air pollution and for satisfying legal limits regarding the emissions from internal combustion engines. The HCCI engines have advantages of lower emissions of NOx and particulate matter, compared to the standard combustion modes, while on the other hand one of the major disadvantages is the difficulty of control of start of combustion, since the start of combustion is highly sensitive to the intake air temperature. Additional advantage of the HCCI engine is the ability to operate with wide range of fuels. In order to demonstrate this potential in this study the HCCI mode of operation is compared to the spark ignition mode of operation. The study aims to compare and characterise two different combustion modes on the same engine with different CR and different fuels at similar operating conditions. For that purpose the engine tests are performed at the same indicated mean effective pressures for the spark ignition and HCCI combustion mode at the same engine speed, while the tests are performed at three different engine speeds and three different loads. The measurements were performed on the experimental set-up that consists of single cylinder Diesel engine modified to enable operation in spark ignition and HCCI modes. The characterisation includes the comparison of in-cylinder pressure, temperature and rate of heat release obtained by spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion mode and presents comparisons of engine efficiencies and of emissions of HC, CO, and NOx.

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Guo, Hao, Song Zhou, Jiaxuan Zou, and Majed Shreka. "A Numerical Investigation on De-NOx Technology and Abnormal Combustion Control for a Hydrogen Engine with EGR System." Processes 8, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091178.

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The combustion emissions of the hydrogen-fueled engines are very clean, but the problems of abnormal combustion and high NOx emissions limit their applications. Nowadays hydrogen engines use exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology to control the intensity of premixed combustion and reduce the NOx emissions. This study aims at improving the abnormal combustion and decreasing the NOx emissions of the hydrogen engine by applying a three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a single-cylinder hydrogen-fueled engine equipped with an EGR system. The results indicated that peak in-cylinder pressure continuously increased with the increase of the ignition advance angle and was closer to the top dead center (TDC). In addition, the mixture was burned violently near the theoretical air–fuel ratio, and the combustion duration was shortened. Moreover, the NOx emissions, the average pressure, and the in-cylinder temperature decreased as the EGR ratio increased. Furthermore, increasing the EGR ratio led to an increase in the combustion duration and a decrease in the peak heat release rate. EGR system could delay the spontaneous combustion reaction of the end-gas and reduce the probability of knocking. The pressure rise rate was controlled and the in-cylinder hot spots were reduced by the EGR system, which could suppress the occurrence of the pre-ignition in the hydrogen engine.

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Liu, Bing Xia, and Ping Sun. "The Progress of Finite Element Analysis on Internal Combustion Engine Cylinder Head Assembly." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2802.

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The cylinder head is one of the most important and complex parts in the internal combustion engine. In this paper, in view of three-dimensional finite element applications covered in the cylinder head, it mainly discusses the development trend both at home and abroad from the cylinder head finite element model establishment, cylinder head boundary conditions determination and cylinder head finite element computation, which application of three-dimensional finite element in study of cylinder head on temperature field simulation, the stress analysis, the machinery load and hot load, as well as the coupling analysis of multi-physical fields and multi-parts.

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Ivnev, Alexander Andreevich, Vladimir Anatoljevich Zhukov, Yuriy Evgenievich Khryashchyev, and Alexander Ivanovich Yamanin. "Thermal tension of cylinder covers of transport diesel engines converted to marine diesels." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-2-55-64.

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The article describes the characteristics of thermal loading of the cylinder covers of transport diesel engines during their conversion to marine diesels. The engines of the CHN14/14 type produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant are proposed as promising for use in marine power plants. A special feature of the engine design is the individual four-valve cylinder heads, which have a complex geometric shape. The conversion of automobile engines, the cylinder heads of which were made of aluminum alloys, to marine ones is accompanied by an increase in the degree of their acceleration. The cylinder heads in operation experience significant thermal and mechanical loads, which causes the need for increased requirements for the materials of the cylinder heads. The rational choice of the cylinder head material is one of the most important tasks to be solved when upgrading and boosting engines. Experience in the operation of marine diesel engines shows that in order to ensure the required reliability under prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures due to forcing, it is necessary to choose cast iron as a structural material. A three-dimensional model of the cylinder head is developed. When performing the calculations, the boundary conditions are justified, taking into account the local nature of the distribution of thermal and mechanical effects on the diesel cylinder head. As a result of numerical modeling, the stress-strain states of cylinder heads made of high-strength cast iron, ductile iron and cast iron with vermicular graphite are determined and analyzed. There has been proved the preference for using cast irons with vermicular graphite, which have satisfactory casting and physical and mechanical properties. The advantages of using cast iron with vermicular graphite include a decrease in the temperature of the cylinder head in the area of the inter-valve bridge. The possibility of increasing the engine power from 330 to 560 kW when replacing aluminum alloys with cast iron with vermicular graphite for the manufacture of cylinder heads is proved.

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Wang, Zhen Bing, Peng Fei, and Guan Zhang Li. "Research on Dynamic Characteristic of the Engine Cylinder Based on ANSYS and Pro/E." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.640.

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The connecting rod is an important part in the engine cylinder. This paper studied the engine cylinder by using Pro/E and ANSYS and achieved some interest results. It used the Pro/E to establish three-dimensional model of the engine and to simulate on it. It also analyzes the connecting rod of cylinder by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, its modal analysis method was put forward and the low natural frequency and vibration mode were calculated. The analysis method and the results can provide reference for the dynamic design of the connecting rod, and also provide a method for the fault diagnosis engine system.

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Arcoumanis, C., J. H. Whitelaw, W. Hentschel, and K.-P. Schindler. "Flow and Combustion in a Transparent 1.9 Litre Direct Injection Diesel Engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 208, no. 3 (July 1994): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_182_02.

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Two identical 1.9 litre direct injection (DI) diesel engines having optical access for application of laser diagnostics were operated at Volkswagen and Imperial College as part of the European programme (IDEA) on diesel engines. A variety of complementary laser-based techniques were used to characterize the flow-generating capacity of the intake system under steady flow conditions, the in-cylinder flow during induction and compression as well as the spray development, auto-ignition and combustion under three typical engine operating conditions. The most important results of this programme are presented and discussed here in view of their implications for improved combustion and reduction of exhaust emissions in small direct injection diesel engines, through better matching of the spray characteristics with the in-cylinder flow as a function of engine speed and load. The results were obtained in sufficient detail to allow validation of the multi-dimensional computer code developed within the IDEA programme.

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LEE, HYUN-SEUNG, YOUNG-SHIN LEE, JAE-HOON KIM, JOON-TAK JUN, JAE-OK LEE, and CHUL-GOO KIM. "A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION ON CYLINDER BLOCK OF HEAVY DUTY DIESEL ENGIN." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (June 30, 2010): 2676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210065453.

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The heavy duty diesel engine must have a large output for maintaining excellent mobility. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of a heavy-duty diesel engine was developed to conduct the stress analysis by using property of CGI. The compacted graphite iron (CGI) is a material currently under study for the engine demanded for high torque, durability, stiffness, and fatigue. The FE model of the heavy duty diesel engine section consisting of four half cylinders was selected. The heavy duty diesel engine section includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a gasket, a liner, a bearing cap, bearing and bolts. The loading conditions of engine are pre-fit load, assembly load, and gas load. A structural analysis on the result was performed in order to optimize on the cylinder block of the diesel engine.

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Wang, Zhang, Wang, Han, and Chen. "Numerical Simulation of Knock Combustion in a Downsizing Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engine." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (October 2, 2019): 4133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194133.

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Engine knock has become the prime barrier to significantly improve power density and efficiency of the engines. To further look into the essence of the abnormal combustion, this work studies the working processes of normal combustion and knock combustion under practical engine operating conditions using a three-dimensional computation fluid dynamics (CFD) fluid software CONVERGE (Version 2.3.0, Convergent Science, Inc., Madison, USA). The results show that the tumble in the cylinder is gradually formed with the increase of the valve lift, enhances in the compression stroke and finally is broken due to the extrusion of the piston. The fuel droplets gradually evaporate and move to the intake side under the turbulent and high temperature in the cylinder. During the normal combustion process, the flame propagates faster on the intake side and it facilitates mixture in cylinder combustion. During the knock combustion simulation, the hotspots near the exhaust valve are observed, and the propagating detonation wave caused by multiple hotspots auto-ignition indicates significant effects on knock intensity of in-cylinder pressure.

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