Academic literature on the topic 'Three-dimensional mathematical modelling'

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Journal articles on the topic "Three-dimensional mathematical modelling"

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Volgin, Vladimir M., and Victor V. Lyubimov. "Mathematical modelling of three-dimensional electrochemical forming of complicated surfaces." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 109, no. 3 (2001): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(00)00819-0.

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Ciarlet, Philippe G. "Mathematical modelling of linearly elastic shells." Acta Numerica 10 (May 2001): 103–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962492901000022.

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The objective of this article is to lay down the proper mathematical foundations of the two-dimensional theory of linearly elastic shells. To this end, it provides, without any recourse to any a priori assumptions of a geometrical or mechanical nature, a mathematical justification of two-dimensional linear shell theories, by means of asymptotic methods, with the thickness as the ‘small’ parameter.A major virtue of this approach is that it naturally leads to precise mathematical definitions of linearly elastic ‘membrane’ and ‘flexural’ shells. Another noteworthy feature is that it highlights in particular the role played by two fundamental tensors, each associated with a displacement field of the middle surface, the linearized change of metric and linearized change of curvature tensors.More specifically, under fundamentally distinct sets of assumptions bearing on the geometry of the middle surface, on the boundary conditions, and on the order of magnitude of the applied forces, it is shown that the three-dimensional displacements, once properly scaled, converge (in H1, or in L2, or in ad hoc completions) as the thickness approaches zero towards a ‘two-dimensional’ limit that satisfies either the linear two-dimensional equations of a ‘membrane’ shell (themselves divided into two subclasses) or the linear two-dimensional equations of a ‘flexural’ shell. Note that this asymptotic analysis automatically provides in each case the ‘limit’ two-dimensional equations, together with the function space over which they are well-posed.The linear two-dimensional shell equations that are most commonly used in numerical simulations, namely Koiter's equations, Naghdi's equations, and ‘shallow’ shell equations, are then carefully described, mathematically analysed, and likewise justified by means of asymptotic analyses.The existence and uniqueness of solutions to each one of these linear two-dimensional shell equations are also established by means of crucial inequalities of Korn's type on surfaces, which are proved in detail at the beginning of the article.This article serves as a mathematical basis for the numerically oriented companion article by Dominique Chapelle, also in this issue of Acta Numerica.
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Ang, K. C., and J. N. Mazumdar. "Mathematical modelling of three-dimensional flow through an asymmetric arterial stenosis." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 25, no. 1 (1997): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7177(96)00182-3.

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Garishin, O. K., and S. N. Lebedev. "Mathematical Modelling of the Mechanical Properties of Disordered Three-Dimensional Structures." International Polymer Science and Technology 29, no. 6 (2002): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0202900613.

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NOLAN, JOSHUA D., and CLIFFORD A. REITER. "COMPUTING AND VISUALIZING THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUASICRYSTALS." Fractals 26, no. 06 (2018): 1850093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x18500937.

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In 1984, solid-state materials were discovered that had diffraction pattern symmetries that are forbidden for three-dimensional crystalline structures. The structures of these materials have become known as quasicrystals. A considerable literature has developed for both physical and mathematical quasicrystals. There are essentially three forms of mathematical three-dimensional quasicrystals. In this paper, we will develop computational techniques to construct these three forms of quasicrystals as point sets, and then organize those point sets in order to visualize patches of quasicrystals using parallelepipeds.
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Weihs, Daphne, Amit Gefen, and Fred J. Vermolen. "Review on experiment-based two- and three-dimensional models for wound healing." Interface Focus 6, no. 5 (2016): 20160038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0038.

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Traumatic and chronic wounds are a considerable medical challenge that affects many populations and their treatment is a monetary and time-consuming burden in an ageing society to the medical systems. Because wounds are very common and their treatment is so costly, approaches to reveal the responses of a specific wound type to different medical procedures and treatments could accelerate healing and reduce patient suffering. The effects of treatments can be forecast using mathematical modelling that has the predictive power to quantify the effects of induced changes to the wound-healing process. Wound healing involves a diverse and complex combination of biophysical and biomechanical processes. We review a wide variety of contemporary approaches of mathematical modelling of gap closure and wound-healing-related processes, such as angiogenesis. We provide examples of the understanding and insights that may be garnered using those models, and how those relate to experimental evidence. Mathematical modelling-based simulations can provide an important visualization tool that can be used for illustrational purposes for physicians, patients and researchers.
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Assunção Jr, M. O., and M. Vynnycky. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF MACROSEGREGATION IN INGOT CASTING." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 17, no. 2 (2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v17i2.64133.

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The occurrence of macrosegregation in alloys produced by ingot casting can adversely affect the quality of the final product. Macrosegregation can be described as a severe variation on the macroscopic scale of the chemical species that compose the alloy, and the ability of computational simulations to predict such defects remains far from perfect. Therefore, this research focuses on the development of a two-dimensional mathematical model that - through computational simulations - could be applied to study and predict the formation of macrosegregation in the ingot casting of binary alloys. Once accomplished, this work can establish the framework to new studies that will tackle more advanced problems, e.g., for actual ingot geometries, three-dimensional models and industrially-important ternary alloys.
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NISHIOKA, Koki, Takayuki MAEDA, and Masakata SHIMIZU. "A Three-dimensional Mathematical Modelling of Drainage Behavior in Blast Furnace Hearth." ISIJ International 45, no. 5 (2005): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.45.669.

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Gao, Jun, and Xiao Lin. "Mathematical Interpolation and Correction of Three-Dimensional Modelling of High-Speed Railway." Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 26, no. 5 (2020): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/iasc.2020.010134.

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NISHIOKA, Koki, Takayuki MAEDA, and Masakata SHIMIZU. "A Three-dimensional Mathematical Modelling of Drainage Behavior in Blast Furnace Hearth." Tetsu-to-Hagane 92, no. 12 (2006): 967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.92.12_967.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Three-dimensional mathematical modelling"

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Park, Soojin. "Modelling soil-landform continuum on a three-dimensional hillslope." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670238.

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Sawadogo, Ousmane. "Coupled fully three-dimensional mathematical modelling of sediment deposition and erosion in reservoirs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96707.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The investigation of reservoir sedimentation has become an important and valuable research topic in engineering practice. Sediment deposition in reservoirs can affect ood levels, drainage for agriculture land, pumpstation and hydropower operation and navigation. An extensive review of the technical literature pertaining to suspended sediment transports as well as deposited sediment ushing from reservoirs has shown that most studies on sediment are still based on empirical formulas and experimental work, despite the availability of sophisticated computers. This is because sediment transport and particularly sediment deposition and erosion are complex processes, that involve the interaction of many physical factors which are not easily modelled numerically. In addition, most of the existing three-dimensional numerical models are not coupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport models. They first simulate the velocity field and water depth and then the concentration and bed change are calculated. Furthermore, they are not fully three-dimensional models for using layer-averaged approaches in conjunction with Saint-Venant equations. The key objective of the present research was to develop a coupled fully three-dimensional (3D) numerical model based on Navier-Stokes equations which includes both the sediment transport component and hydrodynamic parameters. In this regard, a physical model was set up in a laboratory ume in order to investigate the bottom outlet sediment ushing under pressure in a controlled environment. The proposed coupled fully 3D numerical model was used to simulate the experimental tests. Results from these simulations were in good agreement with the measurements. The geometric features of the scour hole (temporal and spatial hole development) upstream of the bottom outlet were reasonably well predicted compared to the experimental data. Furthermore, the velocity field upstream of the bottom outlet was in good agreement with measurements. The proposed numerical model can be considered reliable provided that the model is correctly set up to reflect the condition of a particular case study. Finally, the coupled fully 3D numerical model for turbulent suspended sediment transport in reservoirs was validated against a range of typical reservoir sediment transport and deposition laboratory flume cases. The proposed suspended sediment transport model successfully predicted both sediment deposition and entrainment processes and therefore, it can be used for turbulent suspended sediment transport assessments in reservoirs.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ondersoek van damtoeslikking het 'n belangrike navorsing onderwerp in ingenieurswese praktyk geword. Sedimentdeponering in damme kan vloed vlakke, dreinering van landbo grond sowel as pompstasie en hidrokrag werking en navigasie benvloed. 'n Omvattende ontleding van die tegniese literatuur met betrekking tot gesuspendeerde sedimentvervoer asook die spoel van gedeponeerde sediment uit reservoirs het getoon dat die meeste studies oor sediment steeds op empiriese formules en eksperimentele werk gebaseer is, ten spyte van die beskikbaarheid van gesofistikeerde rekenaars. Dit is omdat sedimentvervoer en veral sedimentafsetting en -erosie komplekse prosesse is, wat die interaksie van baie fisiese faktore behels en nie moeiteloos numeries gemodelleer kan word nie. Daarbenewens, in die meeste van die bestaande drie -dimensionele numeriese modelle is die hidrodinamika en sedimentvervoer modelle nie gekoppel nie. Die numeriese modelle simuleer eerstens die snelheid veld en waterdiepte en dan word die sedimentkonsentrasie en bedverandering bereken. Verder is die bestaande modelle nie ten volle driedimensioneel nie, en gebruik laag-gemiddelde benadering in samewerking met Saint- Venant vergelykings. Die hoofdoelwit van die huidige navorsing was om 'n gekoppelde volle drie -dimensionele (3D) numeriese model gebaseer op Navier -Stokes-vergelykings wat beide die sediment vervoer komponent en hidrodinamiese parameters insluit, te ontwikkel. In hierdie verband is 'n fisiese model opgestel in 'n laboratorium kanaal om die bodem uitlaat spoel van sediment onder druk in 'n beheerde omgewing te ondersoek. Die voorgestelde gekoppelde 3D numeriese model is gebruik om die eksperimentele toetse na te boots. Resultate van hierdie simulasies het goed ooreengestem met die metings. Die geometriese eienskappe van die erosie gat (tyd en ruimtelike gatontwikkeling) stroomop van die bodemuitlaat was redelik goed voorspel vergeleke met die eksperimentele data. Verder is die snelheid veld stroomop van die bodem uitlaat ook goed voorspel. Die voorgestelde numeriese model kan beskou word as betroubaar met die wete dat die model korrek opgestel is om die toestand van 'n bepaalde gevallestudie te weerspiel. Ten slotte, is n gekoppelde 3D numeriese model vir turbulente gesuspendeerde sediment vervoer in reservoirs ontwikkel en getoets teen 'n reeks laboratorium kanaal eksperimente. Die voorgestelde gesuspendeerde sediment vervoer model voorspel suksesvol beide die sediment afsetting- en erosieprosesse en daarom kan dit gebruik word vir die simulasie van turbulente gesuspendeerde sediment vervoer in damme.
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Hess, Victor George. "Three-dimensional mathematical model of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24481.

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Polymer electrolyte fuel cells are regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to the depleting and high pollutant fossil fuel energy sources. High temperature Polymer electrolyte fuel cells are especially suitable for stationary power applications. However, the length scale of a PEM fuel cells main components range from the micro over the meso to the macro level, and the time scales of various transport processes range from milliseconds up to a few hours. This combination of various spatial and temporal scales makes it extremely challenging to conduct in-situ measurements or other observations through experimental means. Thus, numerical simulation becomes a very important tool to help understand the underlying electrochemical dynamics and transient transport phenomena within PEM fuel cells. In this thesis research a comprehensive, three- dimensional mathematical model is developed which accounts for the convective and diffusive gas flow in the gas channel, multi-component diffusion in the porous backing layer, electrochemical reactions in the catalyst layers, as well as flow of charge and heat through the solid media. The governing equations which mathematically describe these transport processes, are discretized and solved using the finite-volume based software, Ansys FLUENT, with its in-built CFD-solvers. To handle the significant non-linearity stemming from these transport phenomena, a set of numerical under-relaxation schemes are developed using the programming language C++. Good convergence is achieved with these schemes, though the model is based on a serpentine single-channel flow approach. The model results are validated against experimental results and good agreement is achieved. The result shows that the activation overpotential is the greatest cause of voltage loss in a high temperature PEM fuel cell. The degree of oxygen depletion in the catalyst layer, under the ribs, is identified and quantified for a given set of input parameters. This factor is followed by membrane resistance to protonic migration. The model can thus be suitable applied as a tool to predict cell performance. The results also show that performance is influenced by not just one, but a combination of inter-related factors, thus temperature increases, and flow rate changes will only be effective if simultaneously, the concentration of inlet oxygen, and the mobility of proton-ions in the membrane is increased. Not only does the model results verify these phenomena, but provide a quantitative output for any given set of input parameters. It can therefore be suitably applied as an optimisation tool in high temperature PEM fuel cell design.
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Taylor, Richard. "Finite element modelling of three dimensional fluid-structure interaction." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42308.

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This work is focused on the numerical modelling of fluid-structure interaction in three dimensions. Both internal and external laminar flow around flexible bodies are considered. The fluid flow simulated is based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the general focus is on laminar Newtonian flow. The streamline upwind/ pressure stabilising Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG/PSPG) method is employed to achieve a stable low order finite element discretisation of the fluid, while the solid is discretised spatially by a standard Galerkin finite element approach. The behavior of the solid is governed by Neo-Hooke elasticity. For temporal discretisation the discrete implicit generalised-alpha method is employed for both the fluid and the solid domains. The motion of the fluid mesh is solved using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) scheme employing a nonlinear pseudo-elastic mesh update method. The fluid-solid interface is modelled using a finite element interpolation method that allows for non-matching meshes and satisfies the required conservation laws. The resulting sets of fully implicit strongly coupled nonlinear equations are then decomposed into a general framework consisting of fluid, interface and solid domains. These equations are then solved using different solution techniques consisting of strongly coupled monolithic Newton and block Gauss-Seidel methods as well as a weakly coupled novel staggered scheme. These solvers are employed to solve a number of three dimensional numerical examples consisting of: External flow: o a soft elastic beam fixed at both ends o a thin cantilever plate.
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Virtanen, M. (Markku). "Mathematical modelling of flow and transport as link to impacts in multidiscipline environments." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514292002.

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Abstract Examples of numerical modelling of surface water hydrodynamics and water quality are presented. Their meaning for the development of the EIA 3D model system is analyzed from the almost 70 tracer studies (mainly 1971–1974) until the 3-dimensional (3D) solutions which became dominant since 1982. Up to summer 2008, the number of 3D applications has increased to almost 230 while the number of all applications exceeds 300. The specific applications considered are from: Porttipahta reservoir in Northern Finland (I), Porttipahta and Lokka reservoirs (II), combination of reservoirs, lake, river sections, Kemi estuary and the sea (III), Kemi estuary and other coastal applications in the Gulf of Bothnia (IV), Lake Haukivesi in Eastern Finland (V), Lake Näsiselkä in South-West Central Finland (VI), and Kymi River and Kotka estuary in Southern Finland (VII). A detailed description of the 3D model system is given in the application of Näsiselkä (VI). It is completed with drastically changing water levels, drying and wetting of immersed areas, characteristics of pulsing system, and internal loading in the application of Porttipahta (I). The application of the Kymi River and Kotka estuary (VII) shows the sensitivity of tracers as transport indicators and the validity of the transport model. In Lokka and Porttipahta (II) the methods of validity tests are extended to include field tests, laboratory experiments, and comparisons with expert evaluations and analytical solutions. A strong indication of model validity is obtained in Näsiselkä (VI). When the loading after the model work was changed according to a plan included in the computation, the observed changes of water quality corresponded closely with those predicted by the model. Another severe indication of the model validity is from Porttipahta and Lokka (I, II). With the parameter values based on data from 1967–1986, a recent application indicated a close agreement with the observed data from 2000–2006. In Haukivesi (V) and Näsiselkä (VI) the agreement between the model and observed results is extended to the biological indicators of the algal biomass. The integrated application to the network of a planned and two existing reservoirs, a strongly regulated lake, river sections, Kemi estuary and the sea (III) shows the usability of the model system to all types of water bodies. As a practical result it highlights the decay of the effects of a new impoundment with time and distance, including fast dilution in the estuary and the sea.
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Bienen, Britta. "Three-dimensional physical and numerical modelling of jack-up structures on sand." University of Western Australia. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0208.

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Mobile offshore jack-up drilling rigs are not custom-designed for a particular location but rated for typical operating characteristics, like water depths. They may be deployed at a number of different sites during their design life. Under the current guidelines, the jack-up is required to be assessed for its suitability for each new proposed location, assuming environmental loading conditions due to wind, waves and current corresponding to a 50-year return period storm applicable to the site. Traditionally, these assessments have been performed in two dimensions, simplifying the jack-up to a plane frame and the loading conditions to be in-plane with the rig's 'axis of symmetry'. This thesis introduces a computer program, named SOS_3D, for the fluid-structure-soil interaction analysis of jack-up response in three dimensions. Extensive experimental series have been performed to provide evidence for the generalisation of the foundationsoil interaction model to general six degree-of-freedom loading conditions and its applicability to load paths and stress levels relevant to jack-up spudcans. These experiments included (1) 1g single footing tests, (2) centrifuge single footing tests and (3) centrifuge model jack-up tests. The latter tests highlighted differences in response and mode of failure depending on the loading direction of the jack-up and re-iterated the importance of three-dimensional modelling. The numerical program SOS_3D introduced early in this thesis was shown to represent a useful tool for the prediction of jack-up behaviour under general combined loading in three dimensions. It provided reasonably good, conservative predictions of the experimentally measured jack-up behaviour.
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Boukanga, Noel Rupert Thierry. "Three dimensional modelling of generalized Newtonian fluids in domains including obstructions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6936.

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Three dimensional flow regimes are encountered in many types of industrial flow processes such as filtration, mixing, reaction engineering, polymerization and polymer forming as well as environmental systems. Thus, the analyses of phenomena involved fluid flow are of great importance and have been subject of numerous ongoing research projects. The analysis of these important phenomena can be conducted in laboratory through experiments or simply by using the emerging computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. But when dealing with three dimensional fluid flow problems, the complexities encountered make the analysis via the traditional experimental techniques a daunting task. For this reason, researchers often prefer to use the CFD techniques which with some care taken, often produce accurate and stable results while maintaining cost as low as possible. Many CFD codes have been developed and tested in the past decades and the results have been successful and thus encouraging researchers to develop new codes and/or improve existing codes for the solutions of real world problems. In this present project, CFD techniques are used to simulate the fluid flow phenomena of interest by solving the flow governing equations numerically through the use of a personal computer. The aim of this present research is to develop a robust and reliable technique which includes a novel aspect for the solution of three dimensional generalized Newtonian fluids in domains including obstructions, and this must be done bearing in mind that both accuracy and cost efficiency have to be achieved. To this end, the finite element method (FEM) is chosen as the CFD computational method. There are many existing FEM techniques namely the streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin methods, the streamline diffusion methods, the Taylor-Galerkin methods, among others. But after a thorough analysis of the physical conditions (geometries, governing equations, boundary conditions, assumptions …) of the fluid flow problems to be solve in this project, the appropriate scheme chosen is the UVWP family of the mixed finite element methods. It is scheme originally developed to solve two dimensional fluid flow problems but since the scheme produced accurate and stable results for two dimensional problems, then attempt is made in this present study to develop a new version of the UVWP scheme for the numerical analysis of three dimensional fluid flow problems. But, after some initial results obtained using the developed three dimensional scheme, investigations were made during the course of this study on how to speed up solutions' convergence without affecting the cost efficiency of the scheme. The outcomes of these investigations yield to the development of a novel scheme named the modified three dimensional UVWP scheme. Thus a computer model based on these two numerical schemes (UVWP and the Modified UVWP) is developed, tested, and validated through some benchmark problems, and then the model is used to solve some complicated tests problems in this study. Results obtained are accurate, and stable, moreover, the cost efficiency of the computer model must be mentioned because all the simulations carried out are done using a simple personal computer.
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Jung, Kyung Tae. "On three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical modelling of wind induced flows in stably stratified waters : a Galerkin-finite difference approach." Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj95.pdf.

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Sarsfield, Helen. "Development of a three dimensional grain structure submodel : experimental characterisation and numerical modelling of Ti-6Al-4V at elevated strain rates." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670174.

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Linde, Florian. "3D modelling of ship resistance in restricted waterways and application to an inland eco-driving prototype." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2389/document.

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Les travaux de cette thèse ont pour but de développer un prototype d’éco-pilote, nommé EcoNav, permettant d’optimiser la vitesse d’un bateau afin de réduire sa consommation de carburant. EcoNav est composé de plusieurs modules dont : un modèle hydraulique 2D simulant l’écoulement hydrodynamique (vitesse du courant et hauteur d’eau) le long du trajet du bateau; - un modèle de résistance à l’avancement servant à alimenter un modèle de prédiction de la consommation de carburant; - un algorithme d’optimisation permettant de trouver le profil optimal de vitesse. Afin de pouvoir estimer la consommation de carburant, un modèle numérique de la résistance à l’avancement en milieu confiné a été développé durant la première partie de cette thèse. Ce modèle numérique 3D simule l’écoulement du fluide autour du bateau et permet de calculer les forces agissant sur sa coque. La résolution des équations RANS est couplée avec un algorithme de quasi-Newton afin de trouver la position d’équilibre du bateau et calculer son enfoncement. Cette méthode est validée en comparant les résultats numériques avec des résultats expérimentaux issus d’essais en bassin de traction. L’influence de l’enfoncement sur la résistance à l’avancement et la précision de la méthode est étudiée en comparant les résultats numériques obtenus avec et sans enfoncement. La précision des modèles empiriques de prédiction de la résistance à l’avancement est également comparée à celle du modèle numérique. Enfin, le modèle numérique est utilisé afin de déterminer si le confinement en largeur ou en profondeur ont une influence identique sur l’augmentation de résistance à l’avancement. Les résultats de cette étude permettent d’établir si le confinement de la voie d’eau peut être caractérisé à l’aide d’un paramètre unique (coefficient de blocage par exemple) ou bien deux paramètres permettant de distinguer le confinement latéral et vertical. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, les méthodes numériques utilisées pour le modèle d’éco-pilote sont décrites et comparées afin de sélectionner celles qui sont le plus adaptées à chaque module. EcoNav est ensuite utilisé afin de modéliser un cas réel : celui du bateau automoteur Oural navigant sur la Seine entre Chatou et Poses (153 km). La consommation optimisée est comparée à la consommation non optimisée, calculée à partir des vitesses AIS observées sur le tronçon étudié. L’influence de la trajectoire du bateau et de son temps de parcours sur sa consommation sont également étudiés. Les résultats de ces investigations ont montré qu’optimiser la vitesse du bateau permet d’obtenir une réduction de la consommation de carburant de l’ordre de 8 % et qu’optimiser la trajectoire du bateau ainsi que prendre en compte des informations en temps réel (disponibilité des écluses, trafic sur le fleuve) peuvent permettre de réaliser des économies de carburant supplémentaires<br>An eco-driving prototype, named EcoNav, is developed with the aim of optimizing a vessel speed in order to reduce fuel consumption for a given itinerary. EcoNav is organized in several modules : - a 2D hydraulic model simulating the flow conditions (current speed and water depth) along the itinerary; - a ship resistance model calculating the thrust necessary to counteract the hydrodynamic forces ; - a fuel consumption model calculating the fuel consumption corresponding to the thrust input; - a non linear optimization algorithm calculating the optimal speed profile. In order to evaluate the fuel consumption of an inland vessel, a ship resistance numerical model is developed in the first part of this PhD. This 3D numerical model simulates the flow around an inland self-propelled vessel and evaluates the hydrodynamic forces acting on the hull. A RANS solver is coupled with a quasi-Newton approach to find the equilibrium position and calculate ship sinkage. This method is validated by comparing the results of numerical simulations to towing tank tests. The numerical results with and without sinkage are also compared to study the influence of sinkage on ship resistance and on the accuracy of the method. Additionally, some empirical models are investigated and compared with the accuracy of the numerical method. Finally, the numerical model is used to determine if channel with and water depth restriction contribute to the same amount of ship resistance increase for the same level of restriction. The results of that investigation give insight to whether channel restriction can be characterized by a unique parameter (for instance the blockage ratio) or two parameters to distinguish water depth and channel with effects. In the second part of this PhD, the numerical methods used in the speed optimization model are described and validated. The speed optimization model is then used to simulate a real case: the itinerary of the self-propelled ship Oural on river Seine, between Chatou and Poses (153 km). The optimized fuel consumption is compared with the non-optimized fuel consumption, based on AIS speed profile retrieved on this itinerary. The effects of the ship trajectory and travel duration on fuel consumption are also investigated. The results of those investigations showed that optimizing the ship speed lead to an average fuel saving of 8 % and that using an optimal track and including real time information such as lock availability and river traffic can lead to additional fuel savings
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Books on the topic "Three-dimensional mathematical modelling"

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Jin, X. Y. Quasi-three-dimensional numerical modelling of flow and dispersion in shallow water. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 1993.

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Antonio, Moretti, ed. Volcanoes: Formation, eruptions, and modelling. Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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International Conference on Recent Advances in 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling (1997 Ottawa, Ont.). International Conference on Recent Advances in 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling: Proceedings, May 12-15, 1997, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1997.

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International Conference on Recent Advances in 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling: May 12-15, 1997 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada : Proceedings. Institute of Electrical & Electronics Enginee, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Three-dimensional mathematical modelling"

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Crean, P. B., T. S. Murty, and J. A. Stronach. "The Three-Dimensional Model: GF6." In Mathematical Modelling of Tides and Estuarine Circulation. Springer-Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118669167.ch13.

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Quarteroni, Alfio, Marzio Sala, M. L. Sawley, N. Parolini, and G. Cowles. "Mathematical Modelling and Visualisation of Complex Three-dimensional Flows." In Mathematics and Visualization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05105-4_19.

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Laghrouche, Omar, Peter Bettess, and Jon Trevelyan. "Three Dimensional Plane Wave Basis Finite Elements for Short Wave Modelling." In Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Wave Propagation WAVES 2003. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55856-6_121.

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Ramgulam, R. B., and P. Potluri. "Three-Dimensional Elastica for Modelling Fibre Assemblies." In Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2006. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71992-2_118.

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Myers, T. G., J. P. F. Charpin, and S. J. Chapman. "Modelling The Flow And Solidification of a Thin Liquid Film on a Three-Dimensional Surface." In Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2004. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28073-1_76.

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Coletti, Francesco, Sandro Macchietto, and Nicola Nlvassore. "Mathematical modelling of three-dimensional cell cultures in perfusion bioreactors. Part II." In 16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(06)80292-0.

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Krishnamurthy, Kamalanand. "Parameter Estimation of Nonlinear Biomedical Systems Using Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm." In Biomedical Engineering. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3158-6.ch030.

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Parameter estimation is a central issue in mathematical modelling of biomedical systems and for the development of patient specific models. The technique of estimating parameters helps in obtaining diagnostic information from computational models of biological systems. However, in most of the biomedical systems, the estimation of model parameters is a challenging task due to the nonlinearity of mathematical models. In this chapter, the method of estimation of nonlinear model parameters from measurements of state variables, using the extended Kalman filter, is extensively explained using an example of the three-dimensional model of the HIV/AIDS system.
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Krishnamurthy, Kamalanand. "Parameter Estimation of Nonlinear Biomedical Systems Using Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm." In Computational Tools and Techniques for Biomedical Signal Processing. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0660-7.ch004.

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Parameter estimation is a central issue in mathematical modelling of biomedical systems and for the development of patient specific models. The technique of estimating parameters helps in obtaining diagnostic information from computational models of biological systems. However, in most of the biomedical systems, the estimation of model parameters is a challenging task due to the nonlinearity of mathematical models. In this chapter, the method of estimation of nonlinear model parameters from measurements of state variables, using the extended Kalman filter, is extensively explained using an example of the three-dimensional model of the HIV/AIDS system.
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Issakhov, Alibek. "Mathematical Modelling of the Thermal Process in the Aquatic Environment with Considering the Hydrometeorological Condition at the Reservoir-Cooler by Using Parallel Technologies." In Sustaining Power Resources through Energy Optimization and Engineering. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9755-3.ch010.

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This paper presents the mathematical model of the thermal power plant in reservoir under different hydrometeorological conditions, which is solved by three dimensional Navier - Stokes and temperature equations for an incompressible fluid in a stratified medium. A numerical method based on the projection method, which divides the problem into four stages. At the first stage it is assumed that the transfer of momentum occurs only by convection and diffusion. Intermediate velocity field is solved by fractional steps method. At the second stage, three-dimensional Poisson equation is solved by the Fourier method in combination with tridiagonal matrix method (Thomas algorithm). At the third stage it is expected that the transfer is only due to the pressure gradient. Finally stage equation for temperature solved like momentum equation with fractional step method. To increase the order of approximation compact scheme was used. Then qualitatively and quantitatively approximate the basic laws of the hydrothermal processes depending on different hydrometeorological conditions are determined.
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Rapp, Bastian E. "Numerical Solutions to Three-Dimensional Flow Problems." In Microfluidics: Modelling, Mechanics and Mathematics. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-3141-1.50034-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Three-dimensional mathematical modelling"

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Epifanov, V. M., and V. Stankiewitcz. "THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL NONSTATIONARY NONLINEAR TEMPERATURE FIELDS OF GAS-TURBINE ENGINE BLADES." In International Heat Transfer Conference 10. Begellhouse, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc10.2540.

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Vlasyuk, Anatoliy P., Nataliia A. Zhukovska, Viktor V. Zhukovskyy, Aleksandra Klos-Witkowska, Ihor Pazdriy, and Uliana Iatsykovska. "Mathematical modelling of three-dimensional problem of soil mass stressed-strained state considering mass and heat transfer." In 2017 9th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idaacs.2017.8095088.

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Chakraborty, Nilanjan, and Suman Chakraborty. "Modelling of Turbulent Transport in Laser Melt Pools." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45774.

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In this paper, we present a modified k-ε model capable of addressing turbulent molten metal-pool convection in the presence of a continuously evolving phase-change interface during a laser melting process. The phase change aspects of the present problem are addressed using a modified enthalpy-porosity technique. The k-ε model is suitably modified to account for the morphology of the solid-liquid interface. A three-dimensional mathematical model is subsequently utilised to simulate a typical laser melting process with high power, where effects of turbulent transport can actually be realised. In order to investigate these effects on laser molten pool convection, simulations with laminar transport and turbulent transport are carried out for same problem parameters. Finally, results of the simulation using the present turbulence model are compared with the results of laminar simulation with same problem parameters. Significant effects of turbulent transport on penetration and the geometrical features of the molten pool are observed which is an outcome of the thermal history of the pool. The thermal history in turn determines the microstructure of the work piece, which finally governs the mechanical properties of the work piece.
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Chakraborty, Nilanjan, Dipankar Chatterjee, and Suman Chakraborty. "Modelling of Turbulent Transport in Laser Surface Alloying." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55420.

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In this paper, we present a modified k-ε model capable of addressing turbulent molten metal-pool convection in the presence of a continuously evolving phase-change interface during a laser surface alloying process. The phase change aspects of the present problem are addressed using a modified enthalpy-porosity technique. The k-ε model is suitably modified to account for the morphology of the solid-liquid interface. A mathematical model is subsequently utilized to simulate a typical laser alloying process with high power, where effects of turbulent transport can actually be realized. The three-dimensional model is able to predict the species concentration distribution inside the molten pool during alloying, as well as in the entire cross section of the solidified alloy. In order to investigate these effects, the turbulent simulation results are compared with those with laminar transport for same problem parameters. Significant effects of turbulent transport on penetration and the geometrical features of the molten pool are observed which is an outcome of the thermal history of the pool. The thermal history in turn determines the microstructure of the work piece, which finally governs the mechanical properties of the work piece.
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Kalogirou, Anna, Onno Bokhove, and David Ham. "Modelling of Nonlinear Wave-Buoy Dynamics Using Constrained Variational Methods." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61966.

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We consider a comprehensive mathematical and numerical strategy to couple water-wave motion with rigid ship dynamics using variational principles. We present a methodology that applies to three-dimensional potential flow water waves and ship dynamics. For simplicity, in this paper we demonstrate the method for shallow-water waves coupled to buoy motion in two dimensions, the latter being the symmetric motion of a crosssection of a ship. The novelty in the presented model is that it employs a Lagrange multiplier to impose a physical restriction on the water height under the buoy in the form of an inequality constraint. A system of evolution equations can be obtained from the model and consists of the classical shallow-water equations for shallow, incompressible and irrotational waves, and relevant equations for the dynamics of the wave-energy buoy. One of the advantages of the variational approach followed is that, when combined with symplectic integrators, it eliminates any numerical damping and preserves the discrete energy; this is confirmed in our numerical results.
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Adams, J. F., S. R. Biggs, M. Fairweather, D. Njobuenwu, and J. Yao. "Theoretical Modelling of Nuclear Waste Flows." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16377.

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A large amount of nuclear waste is stored in tailings ponds as a solid-liquid slurry, and liquid flows containing suspensions of solid particles are encountered in the treatment and disposal of this waste. In processing this waste, it is important to understand the behaviour of particles within the flow in terms of their settling characteristics, their propensity to form solid beds, and the re-suspension characteristics of particles from a bed. A clearer understanding of such behaviour would allow the refinement of current approaches to waste management, potentially leading to reduced uncertainties in radiological impact assessments, smaller waste volumes and lower costs, accelerated clean-up, reduced worker doses, enhanced public confidence and diminished grounds for objection to waste disposal. Mathematical models are of significant value in nuclear waste processing since the extent of characterisation of wastes is in general low. Additionally, waste processing involves a diverse range of flows, within vessels, ponds and pipes. To investigate experimentally all waste form characteristics and potential flows of interest would be prohibitively expensive, whereas the use of mathematical models can help to focus experimental studies through the more efficient use of existing data, the identification of data requirements, and a reduction in the need for process optimisation in full-scale experimental trials. Validated models can also be used to predict waste transport behaviour to enable cost effective process design and continued operation, to provide input to process selection, and to allow the prediction of operational boundaries that account for the different types and compositions of particulate wastes. In this paper two mathematical modelling techniques, namely Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES), have been used to investigate particle-laden flows in a straight square duct and a duct with a bend. The flow solutions provided by these methods have been coupled to a three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking routine to predict particle trajectories. Simulation results are shown to be good agreement with experimental data, where available. Based on the LES and RANS-Lagrangian methods, the mean value of the particle displacement in a straight square duct is found to generally decrease with time due to gravity effects, with the rate of deposition increasing with particle size. Using the RANS-Lagrangian method to study flows in a duct bend, there is good agreement between predicted profiles and data, with the method able to simulate particle dispersion, the phenomenon of particle roping and the increase of particle collisions with the bend-wall with particle size. With the LES-Lagrangian method, particle re-suspension from a bed is studied in a straight square duct flow and this process shown to be dominated by secondary flows within the duct, with smaller particles tending to re-suspend in preference to larger ones. Overall, the study demonstrates that modelling techniques can be used to provide insight in to processes that are of relevance to the processing of nuclear waste, and are capable of predicting their transport behaviour. In particular, they are able to provide reliable predictions of particle deposition within flows to form solid beds, the re-suspension of particles from a bed, and the influence of complex flow geometries on particle dispersion. In the latter case, they are also of value to studies of erosion due to particle impact. Such models are therefore of value as engineering tools for use in the prediction of waste behaviour and in cost effective process design.
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Chembrammel, Pramod, Habib Mohd Younus, and Thenkurussi Kesavadas. "Modelling and Simulation of Guide-Wire Interaction With Vasculature Using Constrained Multibody Dynamics." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63797.

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In this paper, we describe the mathematical modeling of guide wire dynamics for an intravascular surgical procedure as a problem of constrained multibody dynamics involving surface to surface interactions. The goal of this project is to develop a physics based real time simulator with haptics for the above procedure. The guide-wire is segmented into a finite number of massless and inextensible rods attached with spheres on either sides thus reducing the problem to that of the dynamics of rolling motion of spheres on the re-parameterized surface of vasculature under the action of unilateral constraints with associated Lagrange multipliers. The constrained problem is solved as LCP using Lemke’s method and stabilized using Baumgarte constrain stabilization. The parameters for the constrained violation stabilization are learned real-time using a method based on adaptive control theory. Simulations were performed on geometries representing different sections of vasculature. The results show that this method can be implemented on a full-scale three dimensional vasculature with a hardware interface for haptic feedback.
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Kirk, Antony, Grahame Knowles, Jill Stewart, and Chris Bingham. "Mathematical Development and Modelling of a Counter Balance Compensating Sleeve for the Suppression of Lateral Vibrations in High Speed Flexible Couplings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95634.

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High speed drive shafts are traditionally balanced using trim balance weights applied to the shaft ends. This paper considers the development and theoretical analysis of a novel and alternative strategy of balancing long flexible coupling shafts, whereby the trim balancing weights are applied by the means of a pair of ‘Balancing Sleeve’ arms that are integrally attached to each end of the coupling shaft. The trim balance weights are intended to apply a corrective centrifugal force to the coupling shaft in order to limit shaft end reaction forces. With increasing speed, the magnitude of the corrective force also increases due to the flexibility of the balance sleeve. This thereby counteracts the increased coupling shaft unbalance resulting from its own flexibility. Additionally, it is also found that the mechanism imparts a corrective bending moment to the coupling shaft ends, which has a tendency to limit deflection. The methodology is modelled as a rotating simply supported shaft with uniform eccentricity and allows application to the problem of drivetrain balancing of sub-15MW industrial gas turbines. Results show that reaction loads can theoretically be reduced from 10,000 N to approximately zero. The bending moment applied to the shaft is also shown to reduce shaft deflection theoretically to zero. In practical applications this will be unrealistic and achievable results show deflection theoretically reduced by half. Analysis of the balance sleeve feasibility is considered through use of a three-dimensional finite element model. Further to this paper, the aim is to develop a full dynamic model of both shaft and counterbalance sleeve, with verification coming from scaled, experimental test facilities.
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Hamadiche, Mahmoud. "Fluid and Structure Interaction in Cochlea’s Similar Geometry." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30019.

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A non linear mathematical model addressing the passive mechanism of the cochlea is proposed in this work. In this respect, the interaction between the basilar membrane seen as an elastic solid and fluids in both scala vestibuli and tympani is developed. Via the fluid/solid interface, a full fluid/solid interaction is taking into account. Furthermore a significant improvement of the existing models has been made in both fluid flow modelling and solid modelling. In the present paper, the flow is three dimensional and the solid is non homogeneous two dimensional membrane where the material parameters depend only on the axial distance. The problem formulation leads to a system of non linear partial differential equations. Solution of the linearized system of partial differential equations of the proposed approach is presented. The numerical results obvious a lower and upper limits of the cochlea resonance frequency versus the material parameters of the basilar membrane. It is shown that a monochromatic acoustic wave energises only a portion of the basilar membrane and the location of the excited portion depends on the frequency of the incident acoustic wave. Those results explain the ability of the cochlea in deciphering the frequency of sound with high resolution in striking similarity with the known experimental results. The mathematical model shows that the excited strip of the basilar membrane by a monochromatic acoustic wave is very small when a transverse wave exists in the basilar membrane. Thus, a transverse wave improves highly the resolution of the cochlea in deciphering the high frequency of the incident acoustic wave.
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Metrikin, Ivan, Wenjun Lu, Raed Lubbad, Sveinung Løset, and Marat Kashafutdinov. "Numerical Simulation of a Floater in a Broken-Ice Field: Part I — Model Description." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83938.

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This paper presents a novel concept for simulating the ice-floater interaction process. The concept is based on a mathematical model which emphasizes the station-keeping scenario, i.e. when the relative velocity between the floater and the ice is comparatively small. This means that the model is geared towards such applications as dynamic positioning in ice and ice management. The concept is based on coupling the rigid multibody simulations with the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. The rigid multibody simulation is implemented through a physics engine which is used to model the dynamic behaviour of rigid bodies which undergo large translational and rotational displacements (the floater and the ice floes). The FEM is used to simulate the material behaviour of the ice and the fluid, i.e. the ice breaking and the hydrodynamics of the ice floes. Within this framework, the physics engine is responsible for dynamically detecting the contacts between the objects in the calculation domain, and the FEM software is responsible for calculating the contact forces. The concept is applicable for simulations in a three-dimensional space (3D). The model described in this paper is divided into two main parts: the mathematical ice model and the mathematical floater model. The mathematical ice model allows modelling both intact level ice and discontinuous ice within a single framework. However, the primary focus of this paper is placed on modelling the broken ice conditions. A floater is modelled as a rigid body with 6 degrees of freedom, i.e. no deformations of the floater’s hull are allowed. Nevertheless, the hydrodynamics of the floater and the ice is considered within the outlined model. The presented approach allows implementing realistic, high fidelity 3D simulations of the ice-fluid-structure interaction process.
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