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1
Lin, Zifan, Wenxiang Du, Yang Bai, Herbert Ho Ching Iu, Tyrone Fernando, and Xinan Zhang. "Carrier-Based Implementation of SVPWM for a Three-Level Simplified Neutral Point Clamped Inverter with XOR Logic Gates." Electronics 14, no. 7 (2025): 1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071408.
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The three-level simplified neutral point clamped (3L-SNPC) inverter has received increasing attention in recent years due to its potential applications in electrical drives and smart grids with renewable energy integration. However, most existing research has primarily focused on control development, with limited studies investigating modulation strategies or analyzing inverter losses under varying operating conditions. These aspects are critical for practical industrial applications. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel carrier-based space vector pulse width modulation (CB-SVPWM) strategy for the 3L-SNPC inverter, aimed at simplifying PWM implementation and reducing cost. The proposed modulation strategy is experimentally evaluated by comparing inverter losses and total harmonic distortion with those of the conventional three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter under an equivalent carrier-based modulation scheme. A comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted across the full modulation range to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving a 13.2% reduction in total power loss, a 33.6% improvement in execution time, and maintaining a comparable weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHD) with a deviation within 0.04% of the conventional 3L-NPC inverter.
2
Beniak, Ryszard, Krzysztof Górecki, Piotr Paduch, and Krzysztof Rogowski. "Reduced Switch Count in Space Vector PWM for Three-Level NPC Inverter." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 5945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225945.
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The aim of this paper is to present the real-time implementation and measurements of a reduced switch count in space vector pulse width modulation for three-level neutral point clamped inverters (3L-NPC). We implement space vector pulse width modulation, which uses a prediction algorithm to reduce the number of switches in power transistors (switch count) by up to about 13%. The algorithm applies additional redundant voltage vectors. The method is compute-intensive and was implemented on a dual-core TMS320F28379D digital signal controller. The latest measurements of steady and dynamic states of electric drive, powered by a 3L-NPC inverter using this method, confirmed the possibility of using this method in practical implementation. The implementation and results of the measurements are presented in this paper.
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Ek-Iam, Kanyarat, and Yuttana Kumsuwan. "Discontinuous Space Vector Modulation Strategy for Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.435.
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This paper presents a discontinuous space vector modulation (SVM) strategy for a three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter. The proposed scheme, calculation switching time of the 3L-NPC inverter is fully described. A mathematical analysis of the duty cycle is determined by utilizing the calculated switching time method. The main advantages of the proposed method are minimization of the number of commutations of switches and reduction of the switching losses. Simulated and calculation results are presented to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed modulation scheme.
4
Sakina, Ammari, Benaboud Aziza, and Talea Mohamed. "PI-based PLL and 24-sector control of a 3P-3L-NPC inverter for grid-tied PV system synchronization." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 11, no. 3 (2022): 179~185. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v11.i3.pp179-185.
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This article addresses one of the most serious issues in electricity: frequency and voltage anomalies. Actually, because renewable energy production is intermittent, the frequency and voltage of electricity produced are unstable and dependent on weather conditions. This issue causes industrial processes to fail, affecting the quality of the electrical supply and having a massive economic impact. Power electronics inverters are designed to compensate for system fluctuations in solar power generation. However, measurement noise in the grid voltage desynchronizes the inverter and network signals. The authors propose using a phase-locked loop technique based on inverter period control and a network voltage observer to achieve such synchronization of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this work, the grid integration of the PV system is carried out through a three-phase three-level neutral point clamped inverter due to better current quality with fewer harmonics and lower stress voltage of the inverter's components when compared to two-level voltage source inverters. The method is successfully applied in a simulated case study and experimental results validate it.
5
Gada, Saliha, Arezki Fekik, Miroslav Mahdal, Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan, Ahmed Maidi, and Ali Bouhedda. "Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive Control in Three-Level and Two-Level Inverters." Sensors 23, no. 18 (2023): 7901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187901.
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The Single-Stage Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (SSGC-SPV) topology has recently gained significant attention, as it offers promising advantages in terms of reducing overall losses and installation costs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the system components, which include the photovoltaic generator, the inverter, the Incremental Conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking (IC-MPPT) algorithm, and the PI regulator for DC bus voltage control. Moreover, this study presents detailed system configurations and control schemes for two types of inverters: 2L−3PVSI and 3L−3PNPC. In order to perform a comparative study between the two structures, we subjected them to the same irradiation profile using the same grid configuration. The Photovoltaic Array (PVA) irradiance is increased instantaneously, in 0.2 s, from 400 W/m2 to 800 W/m2, is kept at 800 W/m2 for 0.2 s, is then gradually decreased from 800 W/m2 to 200 W/m2 in 0.2 s, is then kept at 200 W/m2 for 0.2 s, and is then finally increased to 1000 W/m2 for 0.2 s. We explain the operational principles of these inverters and describe the various switching states involved in generating output voltages. To achieve effective control, we adopt the Finite Set–Model Predictive Control (FS-MPC) algorithm, due to the benefits of excellent dynamic responsiveness and precise current tracking abilities. This algorithm aims to minimise the cost function, while taking into account the dynamic behaviour of both the PV system and the inverter, including any associated delays. To evaluate the performance of the FS-MPC controller, we compare its application in the three-level inverter configuration with the two-level inverter setup. The DC bus voltage is maintained at 615 V using the PI controller. The objective is to achieve a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) below 5%, with reference to the IEEE standards. The 2L−3PVSI inverter is above the threshold at an irradiance of 200 W/m2. The 3L−3PNPC inverter offers a great THD percentage, meaning improved quality of the power returned to the grid.
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Jayakumar, Vinoth, and Bharatiraja C. "Model Predictive Control of PMSM Motor Drive for Electric Vehicle Applications with Space Vector Modulation." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 14465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.14465ecst.
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The Multi-Level Inverters (MLI) are most predominantly used in industrial applications as they reduce dv/dt ratio, switching stress of the power semiconductor switches, etc. The industries are slowly shifting from three phase inverters to five phase inverters as they produce lower current per phase, less switching losses, low Common Mode Voltage (CMV), etc. The Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is one of the controlling techniques for driving the inverters which reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and improves the dc link balancing. The switching vectors available for five phase Three Level (3L) Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Inverter is 243 vectors, out of which 51 vectors are selected that produce zero CMV. The controlling of the inverter is done by Model Predictive Control (MPC) Technique in which the error is reduced. The performance of the inverter is evaluated through MATLAB Simulink.
7
Beniak, Ryszard, Krzysztof Górecki, and Krzysztof Rogowski. "Real-Time Switching Number Reduction SVM for a Two-Phase Motor Powered by Three-Level NPC Inverter." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020749.
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A three-level neutral point clamped inverter with three phase legs is often used to power three-phase electrical motors. This type of multilevel inverter has its advantages over two-level inverters. The main advantages are lower harmonic distortion and less stress on motor windings. This three-level inverter can be also used as a power source for a two-phase induction motor. A one-phase induction motor with a starting capacitor and auxiliary windings is in fact a two-phase induction motor. In this article, we show that the switching number reduction method, previously presented for use with three-phase induction motors, can be used with two-phase motors as well, after some crucial modifications. The reduction of switching decreases the switching losses. The switching number reduction is obtained with modified space vector modulation using redundant voltage vectors. The method was simulated and then implemented on a prototype 3L-NPC inverter powering a one-phase induction motor with auxiliary windings. A switching number reduction of about 19% to 29% was obtained, depending on modulation parameters.
8
Guzman Iturra, Rodrigo, and Peter Thiemann. "Asymmetrical Three-Level Inverter SiC-Based Topology for High Performance Shunt Active Power Filter." Energies 13, no. 1 (2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010141.
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Power quality conditioner systems, such as shunt active power filters (SAPFs), are typically required to have low power losses, high-power density, and to produce no electromagnetic interference to other devices connected to the grid. At the present, power converters with such a features are built using multilevel topologies based on pure silicon semiconductors. However, recently new semiconductors that offer massive reduction of power losses such as silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs have been introduced into the power electronics field. In the near future, the applications that demand the highest performance will be powered by multilevel converters based on SiC. In this paper a highly efficient three-level (3L) topology based entirely on silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors for a SAPF is presented and analyzed in great detail. Furthermore, the proposed topology is compared with other full SiC-based conventional topologies: two level (2L), three-level T-type (3L-TNPC), and three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) in terms of efficiency. The proposed asymmetrical topology has an efficiency superior to conventional all SiC 2L and 3L power circuits when the pulse or switching frequency of the system is set higher than 60 kHz. Further, for high current ratings, the asymmetrical topology has the advantage that it can be built just by cascading two half-bridge SiC modules.
9
Loncarski, Jelena, Vito Giuseppe Monopoli, Riccardo Leuzzi, Leposava Ristic, and Francesco Cupertino. "Analytical and Simulation Fair Comparison of Three Level Si IGBT Based NPC Topologies and Two Level SiC MOSFET Based Topology for High Speed Drives." Energies 12, no. 23 (2019): 4571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234571.
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Wide bandgap (WBG) power devices such as silicon carbide (SiC) can viably supply high speed electrical drives, due to their capability to increase efficiency and reduce the size of the power converters. On the other hand, high frequency operation of the SiC devices emphasizes the effect of parasitics, which generates reflected wave transient overvoltage on motor terminals, reducing the life time and the reliability of electric drives. In this paper, a SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) based two level (2L) inverter is systematically studied and compared to the performance of Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based three level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter topologies, for high speed AC motor loads, in terms of efficiency, overvoltages, heat sink design, and cost. A fair comparison was introduced for the first time, having the same output voltage capabilities, output current total harmonic distortion (THD), and overvoltages for the three systems. The analysis indicated the convenience of using the SiC MOSFET based 2L inverter for lower output power. In the case of the maximum output power, the heat sink volume was found to be 20% higher for the 2L SiC based inverter when compared to 3L NPC topologies. Simulations were carried out by realistic dynamic models of power switch modules obtained from the manufacturer’s experimental tests and verified both in the LTspice and PLECS simulation packages.
10
Ammari, Sakina, Aziza Benaboud, and Mohamed Talea. "PI-based PLL and 24-sector control of a 3P-3L-NPC inverter for grid-tied PV system synchronization." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 11, no. 3 (2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v11.i3.pp179-185.
Full textAbstract:
This article addresses one of the most serious issues in electricity: frequency and voltage anomalies. Actually, because renewable energy production is intermittent, the frequency and voltage of electricity produced are unstable and dependent on weather conditions. This issue causes industrial processes to fail, affecting the quality of the electrical supply and having a massive economic impact. Power electronics inverters are designed to compensate for system fluctuations in solar power generation. However, measurement noise in the grid voltage desynchronizes the inverter and network signals. The authors propose using a phase-locked loop technique based on inverter period control and a network voltage observer to achieve such synchronization of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this work, the grid integration of the PV system is carried out through a three-phase three-level neutral point clamped inverter due to better current quality with fewer harmonics and lower stress voltage of the inverter's components when compared to two-level voltage source inverters. The method is successfully applied in a simulated case study and experimental results validate it.
11
Liu, Hongliang, Shaoning Pu, Jiawei Cao, Xiaojie Yang, and Zheng Wang. "Torque Ripple Mitigation of T-3L Inverter Fed Open-End Doubly-Salient Permanent-Magnet Motor Drives Using Current Hysteresis Control." Energies 12, no. 16 (2019): 3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163109.
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A torque ripple mitigation and current hysteresis control for T-type three level (T-3L) inverter fed open-end doubly-salient permanent-magnet motor (DSPM) drives is proposed in this paper. The structure, principle, and characteristics of the DSPM are studied and analyzed and a T-3L inverter fed open-end three-phase DSPM drive configuration is proposed in this paper. Then, this paper introduces a novel commutation strategy to reduce the torque ripple during phase commutation. Furthermore, the multi-loop hysteresis current controller and DC-link voltage balancing algorithm are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes is verified by both simulation and experimental results.
12
Jing, Tao, Andrey Radionov, Alexander Maklakov, and Vadim Gasiyarov. "Research of a Flexible Space-Vector-Based Hybrid PWM Transition Algorithm between SHEPWM and SHMPWM for Three-Level NPC Inverters." Machines 8, no. 3 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8030057.
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In this paper, one model of flexible space-vector-based hybrid pulse width modulation (HPWM) transition algorithm consisting of selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) and selective harmonic mitigation pulse width modulation (SHMPWM) is applied and examined in a 10kV grid with a three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) grid-connected inverter. These two modulation techniques are used to produce the appropriate firing pulses for 3L-NPC grid-connected inverters in different cases. SHMPWM is adopted to the grid-connected inverters to mitigate the required odd non-triplen harmonics according to the requirements of grid codes EN 50160 and CIGRE WG 36-05, while the firing pulses generated using SHEPWM is used to eliminate the primary low-order odd non-triplen harmonics completely. Meanwhile, one smooth and fast transition scheme is proposed by providing a suitable switching angles set at the transition point. Finally, it is demonstrated and validated by the MATLAB/SIMULINK model that smooth and quick transition is realized and there is no sudden change of current during the transition, as expected. Furthermore, this hybrid PWM technique is universal for different PWM methods based on the specific operating conditions.
13
Ma, Zhixun, Haichuan Niu, Xiang Wu, Xu Zhang, and Guobin Lin. "An Improved Overmodulation Strategy for a Three-Level NPC Inverter Considering Neutral-Point Voltage Balance and Common-Mode Voltage Suppression." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (2022): 12558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912558.
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The three-level neutral-point clamped voltage source inverter (3L-NPC-VSI) is widely used in the maglev traction systems due to its high output voltage, large output capacity and low output current harmonics. In order to improve the utilization of the DC-bus voltage, an overmodulation strategy is necessary. This paper proposes an improved overmodulation strategy based on the minimum amplitude error method for a 3L-NPC-VSI. Compared with the conventional overmodulation strategy based on the minimum amplitude error method, the utilization of the DC-bus voltage is higher. Meanwhile, a virtual space vector modulation strategy is adopted for inverter neutral-point (NP) voltage balance and common-mode voltage (CMV) suppression. Furthermore, the suppression of leakage current also has been verified. Furthermore, the implementation details of the proposed overmodulation strategy based on minimum amplitude error method is elaborated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results.
14
Alsofyani, Ibrahim Mohd, and Laith M. Halabi. "Unidirectional Finite Control Set-Predictive Torque Control of IPMSM Fed by Three-Level NPC Inverter with Simplified Voltage-Vector Lookup Table." Electronics 12, no. 1 (2023): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010252.
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This paper proposes a unidirectional finite control set-predictive toque control (UFCS-PTC) method for a three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) inverter fed interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed algorithm can lower the complexity of PTC fed by 3L-NPC by reducing the number of admissible voltage vectors (VVs) effectively. The candidate VVs are restricted within 60° of the voltage space voltage diagram (VSVD), which is the nearest to the flux trajectory for each 60° flux sector. After the segmentation of the VSVD and flux trajectory, the proposed method can keep VVs in one direction during the prediction process, which can result in significant torque/flux reduction. Therefore, the UFCS-PTC can reduce the number of admissible VVs from twenty-seven to six while achieving excellent steady-state performance in terms of reduced flux and torque ripples. Additionally, the proposed method eliminates the need for weighting factor calculation for neutral point voltage associated with a 3L-NPC inverter. The UFCS-PTC of IPMSM also has other features, such as improved balancing capability of the DC-link capacitors’ voltage, small computation time due to the reduced number of admissible voltage vectors considered in the cost function, and easy implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experimental results.
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Zhang, Hengkang, Fusheng Wang, Guorui Liu, Wei Wu, and Qingfeng Zuo. "Neutral-point voltage balancing method for three-phase four-leg three-level ANPC inverter based on modulation waveform splitting." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2918, no. 1 (2024): 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2918/1/012013.
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Abstract A neutral-point (NP) voltage balancing method based on modulation wave splitting is proposed for a three-phase four-leg (3P4L) three-level (3L) active NP clamped (ANPC) inverter. According to the principle of changing the NP current by adjusting the o-state duty cycle, the NP current injected by each carrier period is made zero by splitting the modulation waveforms of the mid-phase and N-phase. This approach eliminates low-frequency fluctuation in NP voltage under various load conditions. On this basis, according to the inverter operating state and limiting conditions, the output o-state duty cycle of the modulation wave for the intermediate phase and N-phase is adjusted to suppress the NP voltage deviation caused by various non-ideal factors. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified through simulation.
16
Debanjan, Roy, Kumar Sanatan, and Singh Madhu. "A novel region selection approach of SVPWM for a three-level NPC inverter used in electric vehicle." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (2019): 1705–13. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp1705-1713.
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This paper confers an investigation of a space vector modulation based control strategy of induction motor using a three-level inverter for electric vehicle application. The proposed controller uses a simple v/f control with a novel SVPWM technique. A new method for region selection of SVPWM for a multilevel inverter is implemented for the closed-loop system. Previously the region selection procedure was not considered by most of the researcher in the literature for developing the PWM algorithm. This approach is based on some algebraic equations. The remarkable point here is that it is identical to all the remaining sectors. Hence calculation complexity reduces by making it a simpler implementation. This method can be applied to any number of levels. The potency of the proposed controller is validated through the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The performance of the overall system is inspected through transient and steady-state analysis. The neutral point balance of the 3L NPC inverter is established by adopting proper switching sequences.
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Roy, Debanjan, Sanatan Kumar, and Madhu Singh. "A novel region selection approach of SVPWM for a three-level NPC inverter used in electric vehicle." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (2019): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp1705-1713.
Full textAbstract:
This paper confers an investigation of a space vector modulation based control strategy of induction motor using a three-level inverter for electric vehicle application. The proposed controller uses a simple v/f control with a novel SVPWM technique. A new method for region selection of SVPWM for a multilevel inverter is implemented for the closed-loop system. Previously the region selection procedure was not considered by most of the researcher in the literature for developing the PWM algorithm. This approach is based on some algebraic equations. The remarkable point here is that it is identical to all the remaining sectors. Hence calculation complexity reduces by making it a simpler implementation. This method can be applied to any number of levels. The potency of the proposed controller is validated through the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The performance of the overall system is inspected through transient and steady-state analysis. The neutral point balance of the 3L NPC inverter is established by adopting proper switching sequences.
18
Essakhi, Hassan, Sadik Farhat, Yahya Dbaghi, and Diyae Daou. "Indirect power control of grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy control with a three-level inverter." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp76-87.
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This paper proposes an enhanced study of a photovoltaic generator (PVG) connected to the grid. A fuzzy maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used to extract maximum power. The control strategy adopted gives the possibility to control separately the active and reactive power. the voltage control at the input of the three levels inverter allows fixing the reference currents in the DQ frame to control indirectly the power injected into the grid. The use of a three-level neutral point clamped voltage source inverter (3L-NPC-VSI) with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) control and the RL filter allows to have a quality current and voltage wave with a minimum total harmonic distortion (THD). The simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink confirm the performance of this proposed strategy in the steady-state with high efficiency.
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Essakhi, Hassan, Sadik Farhat, Yahya Dbaghi, and Diyae Daou. "Indirect power control of grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy control with a three-level inverter." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (2022): 76–87. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp76-87.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes an enhanced study of a photovoltaic generator (PVG) connected to the grid. A fuzzy maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used to extract maximum power. The control strategy adopted gives the possibility to control separately the active and reactive power. the voltage control at the input of the three levels inverter allows fixing the reference currents in the DQ frame to control indirectly the power injected into the grid. The use of a three-level neutral point clamped voltage source inverter (3L-NPC-VSI) with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) control and the RL filter allows to have a quality current and voltage wave with a minimum total harmonic distortion (THD). The simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink confirm the performance of this proposed strategy in the steady-state with high efficiency.
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Do, Duc-Tri, Vinh-Thanh Tran, and Minh-Khai Nguyen. "Enhanced Boost Factor for Three-Level Quasi-Switched Boost T-Type Inverter." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133920.
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A new modulation strategy has been introduced in this paper in order to enhance the boost factor for the three-level quasi-switched boost T-type inverter (3L-qSBT2I). Under this approach, the component rating of power devices is significantly decreased. Moreover, the use of a larger boost factor produces a smaller shoot-through current. This benefit leads to reducing the conduction loss significantly. Furthermore, the neutral voltage unbalance is also considered. The duty cycle of two active switches of a quasi-switched boost (qSB) network is redetermined based on actual capacitor voltages to recovery balance condition. Noted that the boost factor will not be affected by the proposed capacitor voltage balance strategy. The proposed method is taken into account to be compared with other previous studies. The operation principle and overall control strategy for this configuration are also detailed. The simulation and experiment are implemented with the help of PSIM software and laboratory prototype to demonstrate the accuracy of this strategy.
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ILIE, MIHĂIȚĂ-ALEXANDRU, and DAN FLORICĂU. "GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS WITH MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS – MODELING AND ANALYSIS." REVUE ROUMAINE DES SCIENCES TECHNIQUES — SÉRIE ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE ET ÉNERGÉTIQUE 68, no. 1 (2023): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/rrst-ee.2023.68.1.13.
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In this paper, a comparison between three double-stage grid-connection systems in central inverter configuration is presented. This configuration can be used to obtain a wide power range and is suitable for the connection to three-phase grids. In this case, the photovoltaic (PV) panels are connected to the inverter via a dc-dc converter to ensure an optimal dc voltage level. The focus is on the characteristics and properties of the used converter’s structures. All the design steps of a grid connection system are also presented. Both two-level (2L) and three-level (3L) voltage structures are implemented. At the end of the paper, a detailed analysis highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the three photovoltaic systems connected to the grid.
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A. N. Shishkov, V. K. Le, M. M. Dudkin,. "An Algorithm for a Space-Vector Pulse Width Modulation with a Hybrid Switching Sequence for a Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Voltage Source Inverter." Power System Technology 48, no. 1 (2024): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/pst.237.
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This paper proposes a new algorithm for a space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) with a hybrid switching sequence (SS) designed to control a three-level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI). Based on the advantages of five-stage and seven-stage SS, we designed a hybrid SS to improve four key parameters in the system: inverter output current quality, neutral point (NP) and common-mode (CM) voltage levels, and switching losses of power switches. The proposed algorithm flexibly regulates meeting the four criteria depending on the system operating conditions by changing the regulation coefficient. The paper obtained an approximate dependence to determine the optimal regulation coefficient for any values of the inverter modulation coefficient when operating jointly with an active-inductive load. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is confirmed by computer simulation in the MatLab+Simulink environment, as well as the results of experimental studies. The paper presents the experimental dependences of static state spaces, including the distortion coefficient of higher current harmonics at the inverter output, the maximum error of the NP voltage, the number of switching pairs of power switches, and the pulse duty factor of CM voltage, depending on the inverter modulation coefficient and the regulation coefficient of the hybrid SS. The results showed that in the algorithm for a SVPWM with a hybrid SS, the number of switchings of power switches is reduced by an average of 13.5 % while maintaining the NP voltage balance and the quality of the curve at the inverter output at an acceptable level, close to a seven-stage SS (the deviations do not exceed 0.5 % and 0.2 %, respectively). The average CM voltage coefficient decreased by no more than 4.5 %. The indicators improve the energy saving, the weight-size parameters, and the operational reliability of the 3L NPC VSI. The application area of the algorithm is much wider and includes the control of power switches of active front ends, grid converters for electricity storage systems, active power filters, and power conditioners. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.237
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Wu, Wen-Jie, Liang-Deng Hu, Zi-Yue Xin, and Cheng Guo. "Modeling and Analysis of Voltage Harmonic for Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped H-Bridge Inverter Considering Dead-Time." Energies 15, no. 16 (2022): 5937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165937.
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The advantages of three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) H-bridge inverters, such as simple topological structure, low device voltage stress, high equivalent switching frequency, and highly expansible capacity, have made them the preferred choice for inverters matching with medium voltage high-capacity multi-phase open-end winding vessel propulsion motors. To quantitatively evaluate the propulsion motors’ harmonics, electromagnetic vibration, and noise caused by pulse-width modulation (PWM) and device dead-time, it is necessary to research the mathematical modeling of pulse-width modulated output voltage harmonics in consideration of dead-time. In this paper, the principle of the phase-disposition PWM method of the 3L-NPC H-bridge inverters was firstly introduced. Then, the analytical models of output voltage harmonics with and without considering the effect of dead-time were established based on the double Fourier series approach and the harmonic distribution of the dead-time effect was accurately characterized. On the basis of the above, the experimental platform was established to verify the proposed analytical model. Simulation and experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis in low and high-frequency output voltage harmonics, which proves the correctness and the feasibility of the analytical modeling method researched by this paper. This will provide a theoretical basis for subsequent studies, which include the quantitative analysis and the suppression of output harmonics of the H-bridge inverter considering dead-time.
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Zhang, Li. "Design Methodology for Three-Phase Four-Wire T-Type Inverter With Neutral Inductor." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 6, no. 1 (2021): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2021.00008.
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Three-level (3L) converters have been widely used in industry for decades. Compared to the three-phase-three-wire (3P3W) 3L inverter, the three-phase-four-wire (3P4W) one is able to supply the unbalanced loads but has to afford much larger filter inductors because the neutral wire provides a path for high-switching zero-sequence currents. To save filter inductances, a neutral inductor is proposed to insert in the neutral wire. Meanwhile, a complete design methodology is put forward to design the filter inductors and the neutral inductor. With low-frequency zero-sequence currents flowing through the neutral wire, the three-phase load voltages might become unbalanced and/or distorted. To improve the voltage quality, a resonant controller, with the resonant frequency at fundamental output frequency (fo), is presented to add into the zero-sequence voltage loop for balancing load voltages; concurrently, the other resonant controller, with the resonant frequency at 3fo, is presented to insert in the zero-sequence voltage loop or neutral current loop for mitigating voltage distortion. Finally, all of the proposed works are verified on a 3P4W T-type inverter.
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Roncero-Clemente, Carlos, Enrique Romero-Cadaval, Oleksandr Husev, Dmitri Vinnikov, and Serhii Stepenko. "Simulation of Grid Connected Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped qZS Inverter using PSCAD." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 2, no. 1 (2013): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2013-0002.
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AbstractThis paper is focused on a single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped quasi-z-source inverter when it is operating being connected to the electrical grid. A control strategy for injecting current synchronized in phase with the voltage at the point of common coupling has been proposed and studied. It is achieved by means of controlling the output voltage between branches adjusting the output current by using a d-q frame and the analysis of the output filter. The control strategy generates the reference to be used in the modulation technique and it has been validated with and without shoot-through switching states. A method to calculate the minimum value of the shoot-through duty cycle is also explained in order to assure the proper control of the injected current when the input voltage is less than peak value of the grid voltage. It is an important feature because 3L-NPC qZSI due to its possibility of boosting input voltage in a single stage would operate better than a traditional inverter, for instance in photovoltaic applications when the value of irradiance is decreased. The presented results have been obtained using PSCAD/EMTDC as a simulation tool.
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Alsofyani and Lee. "Improved Deadbeat FC-MPC Based on the Discrete Space Vector Modulation Method with Efficient Computation for a Grid-Connected Three-Level Inverter System." Energies 12, no. 16 (2019): 3111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163111.
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The utilization of three-level T-type (3L T-type) inverters in finite set-model predictive control (FS-MPC) of grid-connected systems yielded good performance in terms of current ripples and total harmonic distortions. To further improve the system’s performance, discrete space vector modulation (DSVM) was utilized to synthesize a higher number of virtual voltage vectors. A deadbeat control (DBC) method was used to alleviate the computational burden and provide the optimum voltage vector selection. However, 3L inverters are known to suffer from voltage deviation, owing to the imbalance of the neutral-point voltage. We have proposed a simplified control strategy for balancing the neutral point in the FS-MPC with DSVM and DBC of grid-connected systems, not requiring a weighting factor or additional cost function calculation. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated using simulation and experiment results. Our experimental results show that the execution time of the proposed algorithm was significantly reduced, while its current quality performance was not affected.
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Katkout, Abdiddaim, Tamou Nasser, and Ahmed Essadki. "Robust Multiobjective Model Predictive Control with Computation Delay Compensation for Electric Vehicle Applications Using PMSM with Multilevel Inverter." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (May 15, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7015865.
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The Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped (3L-NPC) inverter fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive is an attractive configuration for high performance Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. For such configuration, due to their high performances, the Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) is a very attractive control solution. The FCS-MPC scheme is based on the prediction of the future behavior of the controlled variables using the dynamic model of PMSM and the discrete nature of the 3L-NPC inverter. However, the parametric uncertainties and time-varying parameters affect the FCS-MPC algorithm performances. In this paper, robust FCS-MPC controls based on “dynamic error correction” (DEC) and “modified revised prediction” (MRP) are proposed to improve the FCS-MPC robustness without affecting the controller performances and complexity. The proposed strategies are improved also by multiobjective (MO) algorithm optimization and computation delay compensation. The simulation results included prove the performance in robustness and efficiency of the proposed robust FCS-MPC-DEC.
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Wang, Guifeng, Peiru Li, and Yu Wang. "Non-Weighted Two-Stage Model Predictive Control Strategy Based on Three-Level NPC Inverter." Energies 17, no. 8 (2024): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17081813.
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This paper investigates the asynchronous motors driven by a Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Voltage Source Inverter (3L-NPC-VSI) and aims to achieve control without weight factors and reduce torque ripple. It puts forward a non-weighted two-stage Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) strategy. First, a hierarchical optimization method is adopted to address the difficulty of setting weight factors in traditional FCS-MPC applications. The method offers stratified designs of three performance indices, voltage jump, common-mode voltage, and current tracking, obviating the need for weight factor setting and reducing the calculation load of predictions. Secondly, to further mitigate torque ripple, an optimal vector or vector combination is implemented at the current control layer by adhering to the principle of minimal current tracking error. During the selection of the optimal vector combination, the first vector of the combination is chosen to be the vector at the end of the present cycle. This ensures that there is at most one switch within each control period, reducing the switching losses of the two-stage FCS-MPC. Lastly, detailed simulation and experimental analyses are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
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ROY, DEBANJAN, and MADHU SINGH. "REALIZATION OF A THREE-LEVEL NEUTRAL POINT CLAMPED INVERTER USING A NOVEL REGION SELECTION APPROACH OF BUS CLAMPING PWM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE APPLICATION." REVUE ROUMAINE DES SCIENCES TECHNIQUES — SÉRIE ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE ET ÉNERGÉTIQUE 68, no. 2 (2023): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/rrst-ee.2023.68.2.4.
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This article examines a space vector-based bus clamping control approach for an induction motor driven by a three-level inverter for use in electric vehicles. The suggested controller incorporates a new region identification methodology by combining a basic v/f control with a bus clamping mechanism. In terms of power quality, torque ripple, and capacitor voltage balancing, a comparison to the usual SVPWM approach is made. Previously, lesser attention is paid to space vector-based PWM using a region selection methodology. This strategy is centered upon some algebraic equations. The surprising thing about this sector is that it is identical to all the others. As a result, computation complexity is reduced. This technique applies to any number of levels. The suggested controller's effectiveness is evaluated using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Transient and steady-state analyses are used to evaluate the entire system's performance. Additionally, the neutral point balance of the 3L NPC inverter is achieved using appropriate switching sequences.
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Chen, Yuwei, Kunli Guo, and Yang Bai. "Control Strategy of Three-level Active Neutral Point Clamped Grid Connected Inverters in Unbalanced Power Grid." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2661, no. 1 (2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2661/1/012005.
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Abstract Traditional phase-locked loops in three-level active neutral point-clamped inverter grid-connected systems for photovoltaic power generation exhibit a deficiency in the decoupling of positive and negative sequences under unbalanced power grid conditions. To address this issue, this study proposes the implementation of the fourth-order generalized integrator into the phase-locked loop to facilitate positive and negative sequence decoupling. Initially, a 3L-ANPC inverter grid connection system is established. However, under unbalanced grid voltage conditions, the PLL effect of the Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked Loop is found to be suboptimal, leading to considerable fluctuations and distortions in the output frequency signal. To address these complications, we propose an optimized phase-locked loop structure. In this improved design, the PLL first utilizes the FOGI to filter out multiple harmonics in the grid voltage prior to decoupling the positive and negative sequence voltage. This process effectively mitigates the effect on the PLL, thereby enabling rapid and precise tracking of the grid voltage. Simulation analysis is conducted by using Matlab/Simulink to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed PLL, demonstrating its ability to reliably lock onto the frequency and phase of the fundamental voltage under conditions of unbalanced power grid voltage.
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N. Uday Kumar, Et al. "Implementation of Passivity-based Control of Four-Leg Inverter for Transformerless Three-Phase Solar Photovoltaic Systems." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (2023): 3890–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.9669.
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This study explores the application of a passivity-based control technique (PBC) with an artificial neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in a grid-connected Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) generating system for estimating reference grid currents. To optimise the tracking of the maximum power point (MPPT) between the solar photovoltaic (SPV) system and the DC bus, a DC – DC boost converter (BC) is utilised. This converter is connected to a four-leg, three-level neutral-point-clamped converter (4-leg 3L-NPC), interfaced with a three-phase, four-wire distribution system. The four-leg 4-leg 3L-NPC of the SPV generating system with Space vector pulse width modulation technique (SVPWM) is utilised for reducing common-mode voltage (CMV), leakage current (LC), reactive power for zero voltage regulation, power factor correction, load balancing, and the elimination of load harmonic currents in the proposed distribution system.The performance analysis of the proposed system is conducted on the Matlab/Simulink platform. Additionally, a comparative analysis is presented, contrasting the proposed system with a 3-phase 4-leg T-type neutral-point-clamped converter (TNPC) employing the PBC technique followed by ANFIS.
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Maklakov, Aleksandr S., Aleksandr A. Nikolaev, and Tatyana A. Lisovskaya. "Control over Grid Reactive Power by Using a Powerful Regenerative Controlled-Speed Synchronous Motor Drive." Designs 7, no. 3 (2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs7030062.
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The authors propose a technique for reactive power compensation using a powerful regenerative controlled-speed synchronous motor drive (SMD) based on a three-level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC) active front-end rectifier (AFE) and a voltage source inverter (VSI). The review of technical solutions for reactive power compensation showed that the limitations on the transmitted reactive power in the system under consideration still have not been studied. The paper provides a mathematical description and proposes synthesis-friendly block diagrams of the mathematical 3L-NPC-AFE-VSI and SMD models. The developed models allow defining the instantaneous values of the total 3L-NPC-AFE power consumed from the grid depending on the SMD load diagram. It is noted that the 3L-NPC-AFE-VSI-SMD system is designed without considering the opportunities for reactive power generation. It was determined that the limit value of reactive power generated by a 3L-NPC-AFE depends on the DC link voltage, the grid current consumption and the modulation index. The possibility of reactive power compensation by the SMD system through a 3L-NPC-AFE was experimentally tested on the main drive of a metal plate hot rolling mill. The analysis of the results obtained showed that during the breakdown, an SMD can generate reactive power equal to 16% of the total rated power using a 3L-NPC-AFE at a rated DC link voltage and without overcurrent. It was shown that generating reactive power is expedient in low-load SMD operation modes or at idle. Research in this area is promising due to the widespread use of high-power SMD based on a 3L-NPC-AFE-VSI and the tightening of requirements for energy saving and efficiency and supply voltage quality. The proposed reactive power control technique can be used as part of an industrial smart grid.
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Zhang, Yifan, Chushan Li, David Xu, et al. "An Extremely High Power Density Asymmetrical Back-to-Back Converter for Aerospace Motor Drive Applications." Energies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051292.
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Higher-voltage-standard and higher-power-rating aerospace power systems are being investigated intensively in the aerospace industry to address challenges in terms of improving emissions, fuel economy, and also cost. Multilevel converter topologies become attractive because of their higher efficiency under high-voltage and high-switching-frequency conditions. In this paper, an asymmetrical-voltage-level back-to-back multilevel converter is proposed, which consists of a five-level (5L) rectifier stage and a three-level (3L) inverter stage. Based on the comparison, such an asymmetrical back-to-back structure can achieve high efficiency and minimize the converter weight on both rectifier and inverter sides. A compact triple-surface-mounted heatsink structure is designed to realize high density and manufacturable thermal management. This topology and structure are evaluated with a full-rating prototype. According to the evaluation, the achieved power density is 2.61 kVA/kg, which is 30% higher than that of traditional solutions. The efficiency at the rated power of the back-to-back system is 95.8%.
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Rohner, Gwendolin, Jonas Huber, Spasoje Mirić, and Johann W. Kolar. "Comparative Evaluation of Three-Phase Three-Level Flying Capacitor and Stacked Polyphase Bridge GaN Inverter Systems for Integrated Motor Drives." Electronics 13, no. 7 (2024): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071259.
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This article presents a comprehensive comparative evaluation of a three-phase Three-Level (3L) Flying Capacitor Converter (FCC) and a spbi, specifically a converter system formed by two Series-Stacked Two-Level three-phase Converters (2L-SSC), for the realization of a 7.5 kW Integrated Motor Drive (IMD) with a high short-term overload capability. The 2L-SSC requires a motor with two three-phase windings and a split DC-link, but uses standard six-switch, two-level transistor configurations. In contrast, the bridge legs of the 3lfcc feature flying capacitors whose voltages must be actively balanced. Despite the 800 V DC-link voltage, both topologies employ the same set of 650 V GaN power transistors, i.e., the same total chip area, and if operated at the same switching frequency, show identical semiconductor losses. edm damage of the motor bearings is a relevant issue caused by the common-mode (CM) voltages of the inverter stage. The high effective switching frequency of the 3lfcc and the possibility of CM voltage canceling in the 2L-SSC facilitate mitigation of edm by means of CM chokes, whereby a substantially smaller CM choke with lower losses suffices for the 2L-SSC; based on exemplary designs, the 2L-SSC features only about 75% of the total volume and 85% of the nominal losses of the 3lfcc. If, alternatively, motor-friendliness is maximized by including DC-referenced sine-wave output filters, the 3lfcc’s higher effective switching frequency and the 2L-SSC’s need for two sets of filters due to the dual-winding-set motor change the outcome. In this case, the 3lfcc features only about 60% of the volume and only about 55% of the 2L-SSC’s nominal losses.
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Tahri, Ghrissi, Zoubir Ahmed Foitih, and Ali Tahri. "Fuzzy logic control of active and reactive power for a grid-connected photovoltaic system using a three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp453-462.
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This paper aims to present a fuzzy logic control (FLC) of active and reactive power for a grid-connected photovoltaic system. The PV system is connected to the grid utility using a three-level neutral point clamped inverter (3L-NPC) and LCL filter. Two control strategies, fuzzy logic control, and conventional PI control are applied. The design of the two control strategies is based on calculating the instantaneous active and reactive power from the measured grid voltages and currents to allow the system to have a dynamic robustness performance against a sudden change in reactive power and satisfactory active power tracking under rapid solar radiation changes. The control strategies can transfer the total active power generated by the PV array to the grid utility with high power quality and a unity power factor. The simulation results using the Matlab-Simulink environment show that the FLC strategy has a better dynamic performance with less settling time, and overshoot compared to the conventional PI control.
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Ghrissi, Tahri, Ahmed Foitih Zoubir, and Tahri Ali. "Fuzzy logic control of active and reactive power for a grid-connected photovoltaic system using a three-level neutral-point-clamped inv." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 453–62. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp453-462.
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This paper aims to present a fuzzy logic control (FLC) of active and reactive power for a grid-connected photovoltaic system. The PV system is connected to the grid utility using a three-level neutral point clamped inverter (3L-NPC) and LCL filter. Two control strategies, fuzzy logic control, and conventional PI control are applied. The design of the two control strategies is based on calculating the instantaneous active and reactive power from the measured grid voltages and currents to allow the system to have a dynamic robustness performance against a sudden change in reactive power and satisfactory active power tracking under rapid solar radiation changes. The control strategies can transfer the total active power generated by the PV array to the grid utility with high power quality and a unity power factor. The simulation results using the Matlab-Simulink environment show that the FLC strategy has a better dynamic performance with less settling time, and overshoot compared to the conventional PI control.
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Zouari, Wiem, Imen Nouira El Badsi, Bassem El Badsi, and Ahmed Masmoudi. "Three-Level NPC Inverter-Fed IM Drives under PTC, Minimizing the Involved Voltage Vectors and Balancing the DC Bus Capacitor Voltages." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (2022): 13522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013522.
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The paper deals presents a comparative study of the steady-state and transient behaviors of three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter-fed induction motor (IM) drives under the control of three predictive torque control (PTC) schemes: the conventional one (C-PTC) and two new strategies involving selected stator voltage vectors (SVs), namely: (SV-PTC1) and (SV-PTC2). Compared to the C-PTC, the latter enable a reduction of the number of voltage vectors as well as the weighting factors. The introduced PTCs mainly differ by the cost function, which is more simple in the case of SV-PTC2. However, SV-PTC1 allows a systematic clamping of each stator phase to the DC bus voltage, at a low level of 60 degrees, and a high level at 60 degrees per cycle, while such a clamping is arbitrary in the case of SV-PTC2. Simulations prove the higher performances of the introduced SV-PTCs over the C-PTC ones, in terms of the reduction of the current distortion and of the torque ripple. Simulation results were validated by the experiments.
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Zine, Hamed Kamel Eddine, and Abed Khoudir. "Design of a High-Performance Control Scheme for a Grid-Connected DFIG‐Based Wind Energy Conversion System Using Model Predictive Control and Hysteresis Model." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 29, no. 6 (2023): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.34722.
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In this paper, we present a novel design and development of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). A hysteresis current control is used to improve the DC bus for rectifier and smart current control by model predictive of three-level-NPC (3L-NPC) inverter. The advantages of this intelligent method are such as fast dynamic answers and the easy implementation of nonlinearities, and that it requires fewer calculations to choose the best switching state. In addition, an innovative algorithm is proposed to adjust the current ripples and output voltage harmonics of the wind energy conversion system. The performance of the system was analysed by simulation using MATLAB/Simulink.
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Liaw, Chang-Ming, Chen-Wei Yang, and Pin-Hong Jhou. "Airport Microgrid and Its Incorporated Operations." Aerospace 11, no. 3 (2024): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11030192.
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This paper presents the development of an airport bipolar DC microgrid and its interconnected operations with the utility grid, electric vehicle (EV), and more electric aircraft (MEA). The microgrid DC-bus voltage is established by the main sources, photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC), via unidirectional three-level (3L) boost converters. The proposed one-cycle control (OCC)-based current control scheme and quantitative and robust voltage control scheme are proposed to yield satisfactory responses. Moreover, the PV maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with FC energy-supporting approach is developed to have improved renewable energy extraction characteristics. The equipped hybrid energy storage system (HESS) consists of an energy-type battery and a power-type flywheel; each device is interfaced to the common DC bus via its own 3L bidirectional interface converter. The energy-coordinated operation is achieved by the proposed droop control. A dump load leg is added to avoid overvoltage due to an energy surplus. The grid-connected energy complementary operation is conducted using a neutral point clamped (NPC) 3L three-phase inverter. In addition to the energy support from grid-to-microgrid (G2M), the reverse mcrogrid-to-grid (M2G) operation is also conductible. Moreover, microgrid-to-vehicle (M2V) and vehicle-to-microgrid (V2M) bidirectional operations can also be applicable. The droop control is also applied to perform these interconnected operations. For the grounded aircraft, bidirectional microgrid-to-aircraft (M2A)/aircraft-to-microgrid (A2M) operations can be performed. The aircraft ground power unit (GPU) function can be preserved by the developed microgrid. The MEA on-board facilities can be powered by the microgrid, including the 115 V/400 Hz AC bus, the 270 V DC bus, the switched-reluctance motor (SRM) drive, etc.
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Chirdchoo, Nitthita, Watanyu Meesrisuk, and Weerasak Chuenta. "The use of a front-end ZVZCS DC-DC converter for an IoT VFD inverter system in the paddle wheel machine drive applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 1 (2024): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i1.pp281-291.
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This research paper proposes the integration of power electronics and internet of things (IoT) technologies to apply in shrimp farms. By focusing on the design of a front-end converter, a three-level half-bridge (3L-HB) DC-DC converter with the zero voltage and zero current switching (ZVZCS) technique is chosen to be the front-end power converter to supply the DC bus voltage for the variable frequency drive (VFD) inverter for the paddle wheel machine in the shrimp pond. To confirm the effectiveness and possibility of the proposed concept, the circuit was theoretically designed and tested at 540 V DC of the input voltage, 700 V DC of the DC bus voltage and 3 kW of rated power. It is found that, the front-end converter can step up the DC bus to be 700 V DC which is enough for operating the VFD inverter. All switches can achieve the soft switching condition ZVZCS resulting in decreasing the switching loss and increasing the reliability of the circuit. The maximum experimental efficiency of the front-end converter is 94.9% at 75% of a full load. In addition, the introductory concept of using the IoT system also presents to improve the shrimp farming method.
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Nitthita, Chirdchoo, Meesrisuk Watanyu, and Chuenta Weerasak. "The use of a front-end ZVZCS DC-DC converter for an IoT VFD inverter system in the paddle wheel machine drive applications." Use of a front-end ZVZCS DC-DC converter for an IoT VFD inverter system in the paddle wheel machine drive applications 15, no. 1 (2024): 281–91. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i1.pp281-291.
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This research paper proposes the integration of power electronics and internet of things (IoT) technologies to apply in shrimp farms. By focusing on the design of a front-end converter, a three-level half-bridge (3L-HB) DC-DC converter with the zero voltage and zero current switching (ZVZCS) technique is chosen to be the front-end power converter to supply the DC bus voltage for the variable frequency drive (VFD) inverter for the paddle wheel machine in the shrimp pond. To confirm the effectiveness and possibility of the proposed concept, the circuit was theoretically designed and tested at 540 V DC of the input voltage, 700 V DC of the DC bus voltage and 3 kW of rated power. It is found that, the front-end converter can step up the DC bus to be 700 V DC which is enough for operating the VFD inverter. All switches can achieve the soft switching condition ZVZCS resulting in decreasing the switching loss and increasing the reliability of the circuit. The maximum experimental efficiency of the front-end converter is 94.9% at 75% of a full load. In addition, the introductory concept of using the IoT system also presents to improve the shrimp farming method.
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NGUYỄN, Nhờ Văn, and HONG-PHONG NGUYEN LE. "A study on performances of carrier-based pulse-width modulation techniques for three-phase three-level t-type neutral-point-clamped inverter under switch-open-circuit fault on two neutral-point-connected legs." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, no. 3 (2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3i3.659.
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Multilevel voltage source inverters (VSIs) have been used for several decades thanks to their advantages compared with traditional two level VSI. Among various types of multilevel configuration, the T-type neutral-point-clamped VSI (3L TNPC VSI or 333-type VSI) has gained the attention in recent years. Due to the unique structure, the 333-type VSI has critical issues in reliability in operation such as switch-open-circuit (SOC) and switch-short-circuit (SSC), which lead to several unrequired issues, for instance, reduction of system performance, distorted and unbalanced output voltages and currents, or triggering the protection circuits. In some applications, the amplitude reduction and harmonics distortion of output voltages in SOC faults are not acceptable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a pulse-width modulation (PWM) algorithm for 333-type VSI working under SOC fault which guarantees the desired output fundamental component voltage. The simultaneous SOC fault on two neutral-point-connected legs in the 333-type VSI may cause a large reduction in the output voltage. Under this circumstance, the 333-type VSI becomes an asymmetrical one called 322-type VSI. Certain studies regarding to the operation of 333-type VSI under SOC faults have been carried out. However, these studies require more semiconductor devices in order to create a redundant switching circuit. This leads to higher system cost with reduced inverter effieciency due to the additional loss. In this study, two carrier-based pulse-width modulation (CBPWM) techniques, i.e. 322-sinusoidal PWM (322-SPWM) and 322-medium offset CBPWM (322-MOCBPWM) are proposed for 322-type VSI. The proposed techniques are firstly simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and then implemented on a hardware setup. Performances of the proposed techniques are evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) and weighted-THD (WTHD) of output voltages. Simulation results show that considering the worst output voltage under SOC fault, vBC, the proposed 322-SPWM technique could improve the THD by 40% and the WTHD by 94% compared with the uncompensated case with m=0.8. The corresponding results of 322-MOCBPWM technique are 42% and 96%, respectively. Characteristics of THD and WTHD values are also presented for demonstration the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Katkout, Abdiddaim, Tamou Nasser, and Ahmed Essadki. "Novel Predictive Control for the IPMSM Fed by the 3L-SNPC Inverter for EVAs: Modified Lyapunov Function, Computational Efficiency, and Delay Compensation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 27, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2515107.
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This paper proposes a novel predictive strategy based on a model predictive control (MPC) for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) driven by a three-level simplified neutral-point clamped inverter (3L-SNPC) for electric vehicle applications (EVAs). Based on the prediction of the future behavior of the controlled variables, a predefined multiobjective cost function incorporates the control objectives which are evaluated for every sampling period to generate the optimal switching state applied directly to the inverter without the modulation stage. The control objectives in this paper are tracking current capacity, neutral-point voltage balancing, common-mode voltage control, and switching frequency reduction. The principal concepts of the novel scheme are summarized as follows: first, the delay compensation based on the long horizon of prediction is adopted by a multilevel power converter structure. Second, based on the modified Lyapunov candidate function, both stability and recursive feasibility are ensured of the proposed predictive scheme. Third, the practicability of the real-time implementation is improved by the proposed “static voltage vector” (SVV) and “single state variation” (SSV) principles. Finally, the proposed concepts are implemented in the novel predictive control formulation as additional constraints without compromising the complexity and the good performances of the predictive controller. Therefore, only the switching states that guarantee the stability and the reduction of calculation burden criteria are considered in the evaluation of cost function. The proposed predictive scheme based on the “SVV” principle has demonstrated superior performance in simulation compared with the proposed scheme with the “SSV” principle. The computational burden and switching frequency rates are reduced by 35% and 56.22%, respectively.
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Murillo-Yarce, Duberney, Baldomero Araya, Carlos Restrepo, Marco Rivera, and Patrick Wheeler. "Impact of Sequential Model Predictive Control on Induction Motor Performance: Comparison of Converter Topologies." Mathematics 11, no. 4 (2023): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11040972.
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Finite Set Model Predictive Control (FS-MPC) is a widely used technique in power electronic converter applications. One challenge in FS-MPC implementation is selecting appropriate weighting factors, as there is currently no established methodology for finding the best values. An alternative approach is to consider cost functions without weighting factors, as used by the Sequential Model Predictive Control (SMPC). In this paper, the performance of SMPC applied to induction motors is analyzed. The SMPC strategy involves sequentially evaluating simple cost functions by considering a limited number of available switching states for the power electronic converter. This number is the control parameter of the SMPC. The parameter’s domains and a selection criteria based on THD were established in this investigation. The power converter topologies studied include the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and the Neutral Point Clamped three-level (3L-NPC). Simulations performed in PLECS software and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) tests using an RT Box for valid parameters satisfy the characteristics of the classical predictive control, such as good control variables tracking and high dynamic response. For a VSI converter, increasing the control parameter results in reduced harmonic distortion, while for an NPC converter, optimal results are achieved with control parameter values within a specific range.
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Huang, Jingtao, Shuai Liu, Peng Zhang, and Yanan Wang. "Torque Increase Strategy for Induction Motor in the Field-Weakening Region Based on Model Predictive Control." Actuators 12, no. 10 (2023): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12100395.
Full textAbstract:
In the field-weakening region, the traditional field-weakening method for induction motor drives based on model predictive control (MPC) is to take a no-load operation as the premise and adjust the flux reference in the cost function proportional to the inverse of the rotor speed, which leads to poor torque output. This paper presents a novel field-weakening method for IM drives based on MPC. Considering the induction motor field-weakening limiting conditions and according to the speed adaptive field-weakening strategy with a voltage closed-loop, the speed adaptive field-weakening controllers were designed to optimize the references of the excitation current and torque current. In the rotor field-orientation d–q coordinate system, the stator flux amplitude and torque reference values were optimized by the optimal distribution current. Then, according to the dead-beat control principle, they were converted into an equivalent stator flux vector reference. Moreover, the stator voltage vector reference can be obtained. For an induction motor fed by a three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter, the cost function was constructed by combining all the constraints, including the voltage vector, the neutral potential balance, and the switching frequency. In this way, the high-performance field-weakening operation for the induction motor based on a model predictive control can be realized. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method can increase the torque output by 22% in the field-weakening region; at the same time, the steady characteristics and the dynamic response performance can be maintained well.
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Shishkov, Aleksandr N., Maxim M. Dudkin, Aleksandr S. Maklakov, Van Kan Le, Andrey A. Radionov, and Vlada S. Balabanova. "An Improved Space Vector PWM Algorithm with a Seven-Stage Switching Sequence for Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Voltage Source Inverters." Energies 18, no. 10 (2025): 2452. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102452.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this research is to develop an improved space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm for three-level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverters (VSIs). The results of experiments conducted on the three-level power converter laboratory setup showed that the proposed SVPWM algorithm with a seven-stage switching sequence (SS) can reduce a VSI’s switching frequency by 43.48% compared to the SVPWM algorithm with the base SS. It also improves the neutral point (NP) voltage balance in the VSI DC link by 4.2% by controlling the duty factor of distributed base vectors in each SVPWM period based on phase load currents. It reduced the values of the 5th- and 7th-order harmonics of the VSI output voltage by 19% and 15.7%, respectively. The results show that the usage of the improved SVPWM algorithm helps increase the efficiency of a 3L NPC VSI by 0.6% and reduce the higher harmonics. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of the suggested algorithm and its great potential for power converters in industry.
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Song, Cheng, Libo Wang, and Jinhua Du. "A novel partitioned hybrid PWM strategy to reduce the common‐mode voltage in three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped inverters." IET Power Electronics 17, no. 15 (2024): 2344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pel2.12778.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTo reduce the common‐mode voltage (CMV) generated during the operation of the three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped (3L‐NPC) inverters, this study proposes a partitioned hybrid pulse width modulation (PHPWM) strategy. In this strategy, the three‐level vector space is divided into high‐modulation region and low‐modulation region according to the modulation index. The reference voltage is synthesized by only medium and small basic vectors with low CMV magnitude. In the low‐modulation region, a clamped level method and a five‐segment asymmetric switching sequence are adopted to reduce the loss and current distortion. In the high‐modulation region, it repartitions the vector space by medium vectors and takes a seven‐segment asymmetric switching sequence to reduce the loss and distortion slightly. The simulation results for the PHPWM strategy and the other two strategies are compared to demonstrate the superiority of PHPWM. The experiment results verify its feasibility. The results indicate that the PHPWM is capable of restricting the CMV within 1/6 of the DC‐linkage voltage and it can make a balance between efficiency and output total harmonic distortion.
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Ben Mahmoud, Zouhaira Ben, and Adel Khedher. "A Comprehensive Review on Space Vector Based-PWM Techniques for Common Mode Voltage Mitigation in Photovoltaic Multi-Level Inverters." Energies 17, no. 4 (2024): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17040916.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, transformer-less photovoltaic (PV) multi-level inverters (MLIs) are commonly employed in both industrial and residential settings. This structure has attracted increased attention due to its unique advantages, such as higher efficiency, lower cost and size, better waveform quality, and inherent fault tolerance. However, due to the removal of the transformer, the common mode voltage (CMV) becomes one of the crucial issues in transformer-less PV MLIs. The high-frequency variation in CMV results in a leakage current that deteriorates the line current quality, increases the PV power system losses, leads to severe electromagnetic emissions (EMI), reduces the PV array lifespan, and causes personal safety problems. In this regard, this paper presents a review of the existing and recent research on modulation techniques based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWMs) that overcome this issue in transformer-less three-level NPC-MLIs (3L-NPC-MLIs). The reduced CMV-SVPWM (RCMV-SVPWM) can be mainly categorized as an RCMV-SVPWM based on the vector type, based on virtual vectors, and based on the two-level SVPWM (2L-SVPWM). Their features and their limitations in terms of several main criteria are discussed. In the final section of this paper, some challenges and future trends for this research area are projected.
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Zheng, Xiaolin, Xiaoxiao Huang, Peiyu Chen, Zhiqiang Chong, and Zhongchen Yuan. "Reliability analysis and reliable operation of three-level ANPC inverter." Frontiers in Energy Research 10 (January 12, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1124523.
Full textAbstract:
The three-level active neutral-point-clamped (3L-ANPC) inverters have been widely used in medium-voltage high-power electrical drives. The purpose of this paper is to achieve the reliable operation for 3L-ANPC inverters by reliability analysis and optimal switching and control strategies, while the performance of output waveforms of inverters is maintained. This paper starts by analyzing the power loss and the reliability of power semiconductor devices. On this basis, a mathematical model is derived for online condition monitoring of semiconductor devices. Then, the modulation strategies of the passive commutation mode and the active commutation mode are designed for the 3L-ANPC inverter, and the power loss distributions are analyzed among different semiconductor devices accordingly. Finally, three optimized strategies are designed to improve the reliability of the 3L-ANPC inverter under different load conditions based on different commutation modes and the developed reliability model. Both the simulation using MATLAB Simulink as well as PLECS have been conducted to verify the validity of analysis and control for improving reliability of 3L-ANPC inverters in this paper.
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Sheianov, Aleksandr, Xi Xiao, and Xudong Sun. "A new three‐level simplified sparce NPC topology for UHS PMSM motor applications." IET Electric Power Applications, December 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12405.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn ultra‐high speed (UHS) motor applications, full SIC two‐level (2L) inverters with high switching frequencies are generally used due to their lower cost. However, even with the usage of all WBG power devices, high‐frequency hard‐switched 2L inverters still do not achieve optimal efficiency characteristics. As a result, in order to simultaneously reduce the switching frequency and enhance overall efficiency, recently three‐level (3L) topologies have emerged as a promising solution. Nevertheless, to fully meet the requirements of UHS applications, the switching frequency of 3L inverters should be increased beyond 30 kHz, which necessitates the usage of all SIC power devices. This, in turn, leads to a potential drawback where the cost of the drive system may become prohibitively high due to the requirement of all SIC switches. To address this issue and reduce the cost of a full SIC 3L inverter, a new 3L simplified sparse NPC (SSNPC) topology is proposed in this work. The operational principle of this topology, its distinctive control features, and the advantages it offers specifically for UHS applications are presented. Additionally, to further increase the efficiency and reduce the influence of dead time at low speeds, a new switching sequence is introduced. Finally, the overall performance and efficiency characteristics of the high‐frequency SSNPC inverter were verified across all operational conditions of UHS motor drive system.