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1
Goegebeur, Yuri, Paul De Boeck, and Geert Molenberghs. "Person Fit for Test Speededness." Methodology 6, no. 1 (January 2010): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000002.
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The local influence diagnostics, proposed by Cook (1986) , provide a flexible way to assess the impact of minor model perturbations on key model parameters’ estimates. In this paper, we apply the local influence idea to the detection of test speededness in a model describing nonresponse in test data, and compare this local influence approach to the optimal person fit index proposed by Drasgow and Levine (1986) , and the empirical Bayes estimate of the test speededness random effect. The performance of the methods is illustrated on the Chilean SIMCE mathematics test data. The data example indicates that the three statistics are promising when it comes to the detection of special profiles, and besides overlap to a considerable extent. Given that the statistics were developed for different purposes, they react of course differentially to the various characteristics of the response profiles, and hence also exhibit some specificity.
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Schein, Virginia E., and Thomas Diamante. "Organizational Attraction and the Person-Environment Fit." Psychological Reports 62, no. 1 (February 1988): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.1.167.
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The purpose of the research was to test the hypothesis that individuals who score high on a particular personality characteristic are more likely to be attracted to an organization reflective of that characteristic than individuals who are low on that characteristic. Three empirical studies using a total sample of 385 advanced management candidates tested the hypothesis. Each study focused on one particular personality characteristic: Dominance, Nurturance, or Autonomy, as measured or perceived from the individual and the organizational perspective. In all three studies there was a significant relationship between a person-environment fit and organizational attractiveness. Implications for organizational and individual outcomes and suggestions for research are discussed.
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Madigan, Daniel J., Joachim Stoeber, and Louis Passfield. "Motivation Mediates the Perfectionism–Burnout Relationship: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study With Junior Athletes." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 38, no. 4 (August 2016): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2015-0238.
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Perfectionism in sports has been shown to predict longitudinal changes in athlete burnout. What mediates these changes over time, however, is still unclear. Adopting a self-determination theory perspective and using a three-wave longitudinal design, the current study examined perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and athlete burnout in 141 junior athletes (mean age = 17.3 years) over 6 months of active training. When multilevel structural equation modeling was employed to test a mediational model, a differential pattern of between- and within-person relationships emerged. Whereas autonomous motivation mediated the negative relationship that perfectionistic strivings had with burnout at the between- and within-person level, controlled motivation mediated the positive relationship that perfectionistic concerns had with burnout at the between-persons level only. The present findings suggest that differences in autonomous and controlled motivation explain why perfectionism predicts changes in athlete burnout over time.
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Burton, A. Mike, Stephen W. Kelly, and Vicki Bruce. "Cross-domain Repetition Priming in Person Recognition." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 51, no. 3 (August 1998): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755780.
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Three experiments examining repetition priming of personal names are reported. In each experiment, faces are used as prime stimuli and people's names as the test stimuli. Experiment 1 fails to demonstrate priming from faces to names when the same task—a familiar/ unfamiliar judgement—is made in prime and test phases. Experiment 2 shows that priming is observed when the same semantic judgement (British/ American) is made in prime and test phases. Experiment 3 shows that priming is observed when different semantic judgements (dead/ alive, British/ American) are made at prime and test phase. These results suggest that transfer appropriate processing cannot provide the sole account of repetition priming in person recognition. Instead, the results are interpreted in terms of a structural account of priming, embedded within an interactive activation and competition model of person recognition.
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Donachie, Tracy C., Andrew P. Hill, and Daniel J. Madigan. "Perfectionism and Precompetition Emotions in Youth Footballers: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Test of the Mediating Role of Perfectionistic Cognitions." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 41, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2018-0317.
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Perfectionism is related to precompetition emotions in athletes. However, it is unclear why this is the case. In the present study, the authors sought to determine whether perfectionistic cognitions explain this relationship and mediate the relationships between self-oriented perfectionism (SOP), socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP), and general precompetition emotions and multidimensional anxiety and anger. The authors adopted a three-wave longitudinal design and examined between- and within-person effects in a sample of 352 youth footballers (Mage = 14.03 years, SD = 2.30). At the between-person level, perfectionistic cognitions mediated the relationships between SOP, SPP, and all general precompetition emotions plus multidimensional anxiety and anger. At the within-person level, perfectionistic cognitions mediated the relationships between SOP, SPP, and general anxiety and anger plus multidimensional anxiety and anger. Our findings imply that athletes higher in SOP and SPP experience more anxiety and anger when the frequency of perfectionistic cognitions increases in the lead-up to competition.
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Siebler, Frank. "Emergent Attributes in Person Perception." Social Psychology 39, no. 2 (January 2008): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.2.83.
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In person perception, emergent attributes are attributes that people ascribe to members of a rare or novel category combination, although they would not ascribe the same attributes to members of either of the constituent categories. The present paper first describes the processing mechanisms suggested by three theoretical models of attribute emergence. Then, competing response time predictions are derived from the models respective mechanisms. An empirical test of these predictions in a laboratory experiment with university students (N = 45) is reported. Results support Hastie, Schroeder, and Webers (1990 ) two-stage model, but not Kunda, Miller, and Claires (1990 ) impression-formation model or Smith and DeCosters (1998 ) connectionist account.
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Sabbatho, Kalista. "PENGARUH PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT TERHADAP KOMITMEN KARYAWAN PADA PT. KAHALA CITRA INDONESIA." Jurnal Riset Entrepreneurship 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jre.v3i2.1476.
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The objective of this research is to perceive influence variable of match between the person with the purpose of organization, match between the person with the value of organization, match between the person with organizational climate, toward employee commitment with PT. Kahala Citra Indonesia where we will know how big the contribution is given by three variable of person-organiszation fit against employee commitment.
Method of research is use statistical appliance as a mmeans of test and analysis of data utilizes regression technique and multiple correlations, measurement scale used is interval scale. Frame sample in this research is employee at PT. Kahala Citra Indonesia a year on working, there are 103 questionnaire spread out to employee at PT. Kahala Citra Indonesia. Before data been analyzed, gathered data is tested with validity and reliability test, furthermore data is analyzed with multiple linier regression analysis with econometrics test which contains multicolinierity and heteroscedasticity test.
Hypothesis handed in this research is received which means incentive and work environment benefits has influence against employee commitment with degree of significance 5%. All independent variable which consists of match between the person with the purpose of organization, match between the person with the value of organization, match between the person with organizational climate, have an significant effect on dependent variable (employee commitment) which deliver match between the person with the organizational climate variable has dominant partial influence against employee commitment with standardized coefficient beta 0,399. Based on regression result, there is no multicolinierity and heteroscedasticity tendency.
Keywords : person-organiszation fit , employee commitment
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Al Shaqsy, Yaqoub Z., Yousef A. Abu Shindi, and Rashid S. Almehrizi. "Effectiveness of Person Fit Indices in Item Response Models with Different Degrees of Item Local Dependence." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 14, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol14iss1pp41-53.
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This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of person fit indices (Wright’s weighted index, Drasgow index and Almehrizi’s weighted index) in item response models with different degrees of item local dependence (0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9) using simulated item parameters. Item responses for 40 samples each with 10000 subjects (a total of 400000 subjects) were simulated on a test of 60 items. Item discrimination parameters ranged between 0.19 and 1.79 and item difficulty parameters ranged between -2 and +2. 20% of test items were manipulated to show local dependence for each level of local dependence degrees. Student ability was generated to follow a standard normal distribution. Assumptions of item response theory were examined in all data sets using exploratory factor analysis and residual analysis using NOHARM platform for unidimensionality and Q3 index for local independence. Results showed that there was an increase in the percentages of non-conforming persons when increasing the degree of items local dependence for the three person fit indices (Wright’s weighted index, Drasgow index and Almehrizi’s weighted index). Results showed also that the percentages of non-conforming persons were larger with Wright’s weighted index than with Drasgow index and Almehrizi’s weighted index. The distributional properties of the three indices showed relatively consistent in distributional properties. Drasgow index and Almehrizi’s weighted index were very similar distributional properties. Also, there was a larger agreement index between Wright’s weighted index and Drasgow index.
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Al-Mehrzi, Rashid. "Comparison Among New Residual-based Person-Fit Indices and Wright's Indices for Dichotomous Three-Parameter IRT Model with Standardized Tests." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol4iss2pp14-26.
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Wright's residual-based person fit indices were the first person fit indices with dichotomous IRT model and commonly used with Rasch model software. Although there were number of studies which suggested modifications to improve the statistical properties of the Wright's indices, they remained to lack good statistical properties.The study presented a new person fit index and how it can be interpreted and applied for detecting person misfit. Moreover, through a simulated data, the study investigated the statistical properties and the power rates of the new index and compared it with Wright's indices. Results showed that the new index had superior statistical properties under different test conditions and overcome the Wright's index.
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FUH, DUU-TONG, and CHING-HSING LUO. "UNSTABLE MORSE CODE RECOGNITION SYSTEM WITH EXPERT-GATING NEURAL NETWORK." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 14, no. 01 (February 25, 2002): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237202000036.
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The standard Morse code defines the tone ratio (dash/dot) and the silent ratio (dash-space/dotspace) as 3:1. Since human typing ratio can't keep this ratio precisely and the two ratios —tone ratio and silent ratio—are not equal, the Morse code can't be recognized automatically. The requirement of the standard ratio is difficult to satisfy even for an ordinary person. As for the unstable Morse code typing pattern, the auto-recognition algorithms in the literature are not good enough in applications. The disabled persons usually have difficulty in maintaining a stable typing speeds and typing ratios, we therefore adopted an Expert-Gating neural network model to implement in single chip and recognize online unstable Morse codes. Also, we used another method—a linear back propagation recalling algorithm, to implement in single chip and recognize unstable Morse codes. From three person tests: Test one is a cerebral palsy; Test two is a beginner: Test three is a skilled expert, we have the results: in the experiment of test one, we have 91.15% (use 6 characters average time series as thresholds) and 91.54% (learning 26 characters) online average recognition rate; test two have 95.77% and 96.15%, and test three have 98.46% and 99.23% respectively. As for linear back propagation recalling method online recognized rate, we have the results from test one: 92.31% online average recognition rate; test two: 96.15%; and test three 99.23% respectively. So, we concluded: The Expert-Gating neural network and the linear back propagation recalling algorithm have successfully overcome the difficulty of analyzing a severely online unstable Morse code time series and successfully implement in single chip to recognize online unstable Morse code.
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Solberg, Håkon, Kari Thunshelle, and Peter Schild. "Thermal comfort, thermal sensation and skin temperature measurements using demand-controlled ventilation for individual cooling." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017206001.
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An increasing part of modern building's energy demand is due to cooling. An ongoing research project investigates the possibility to reduce the energy consumption from cooling by utilizing an individually controlled active ventilation diffuser mounted in the ceiling. This study looks at thermal sensation and thermal comfort for 21 test persons exposed to an innovative user controlled active ventilation valve, in a steady and thermally uniform climate chamber. Furthermore, the relationship between biometric data from the test persons skin temperature and sweat, and the test persons thermal sensation scores has been investigated. Each test person was exposed to three different room temperatures in the climate chamber, 24°C, 26°C and 28°C respectively, to simulate typical hot summer conditions in an office in Norway. At a room temperature of 26°C it was possible to achieve acceptable thermal comfort for most test persons with this solution, but higher air velocity than 0.75 m/s around the test persons bodies at room temperatures of 28°C is required to ensure satisfactory thermal comfort.
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Blum, Gabriela S., John F. Rauthmann, Richard Göllner, Tanja Lischetzke, and Manfred Schmitt. "The Nonlinear Interaction of Person and Situation (Nips) Model: Theory and Empirical Evidence." European Journal of Personality 32, no. 3 (May 2018): 286–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2138.
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Despite the broad consensus in psychology that human behaviour is influenced by the interaction between characteristics of the person and characteristics of the situation, not much is known about the precise shape of this person–situation (P × S) interaction. To address this issue, we introduce and test the nonlinear interaction of person and situation (NIPS) model. The NIPS model can be applied to explain contradictory research results, offers a more accurate prediction of behaviour, and can be applied to any trait. In three studies and with three different analytical approaches, we test the NIPS model and its implications. In the pre–study, we test whether variability in participants’ behaviour is smaller in extreme aggression–provoking and jealousy–inducing situations than in moderate situations, suggesting the effect of ‘strong’ situations at the extremes of the situation continuum. In Studies 1 and 2, we test the nonlinear relation between person and situation variables in predicting behaviour in within–subject designs and provide support for the predictions of the NIPS model. Future lines of research with the NIPS model are discussed. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Merrill, Lex L. "Draw-A-Person Test as a Measure of Anxiety in the Work Place." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (August 1994): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.11.
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It was hypothesized that, given their stressful working conditions, nuclear weapons workers would show more anxiety indicators on the Draw-A-Person test. Three groups ( ns = 9) were given the test and their drawings were scored with Handler's 1967 objectively scorable indexes. A posttest-only design with two nonequivalent comparison groups was employed. Nuclear weapons workers had a reliably higher number of anxiety indicators on their Draw-A-Person drawings than the two comparison groups. These preliminary results indicate that Handler's objectively scorable indexes may be of value in detecting anxiety in the work place. The conclusions are tempered by the small groups and the quasi-experimental design used but indicate that further research could be fruitful.
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Landsberg, Gary, Bill Milgram, Isabelle Mougeot, Stephanie Kelly, and Christina de Rivera. "Therapeutic effects of an alpha-casozepine and L-tryptophan supplemented diet on fear and anxiety in the cat." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 6 (September 1, 2016): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16669399.
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Objectives This study assessed the anxiolytic effectiveness of a test diet (Royal Canin Feline Calm diet) supplemented with L-tryptophan and alpha-casozepine. Methods Subjects were 24 cats that were classified as mildly or markedly fearful based on the presence of a person in their home room. Three different protocols were used to assess anxiety: (1) evaluation of the response to a human in the cat’s home room (home room test); (2) analysis of the response to placement in an empty test room (open-field test); and (3) analysis of the response to an unfamiliar human (human interaction test). All three protocols were first run at baseline, and the results were used to assign the animals to control and test diet groups that showed equivalent fear and anxiety. Both groups were retested on the three protocols after 2 weeks (test 1) and again after 4 weeks (test 2). Results The diet groups differed for two behavioral measures in the open-field test: inactivity duration and inactivity frequency. The control group showed statistically significant increases in inactivity duration between baseline and test 1 and baseline and test 2, while the group fed the test diet showed a marginally not significant decrease in inactivity duration between baseline and test 1 and a not significant decrease for test 2. There was also a significant increase in inactivity frequency between baseline and test 1 in the test diet group and marginally not significant decrease in the control group. There were no differences between groups in the approach of the cats toward people for the home room test and the human interaction test. Conclusions and relevance These results suggest that the test diet reduced the anxiety response to placement in an unfamiliar location, but that fear in the presence of an unfamiliar person was not counteracted by the diet.
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Furnham, Adrian. "Can people accurately estimate their own personality test scores?" European Journal of Personality 4, no. 4 (December 1990): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410040405.
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This study examined the relationship between subjects' actual test derived scores and their estimates of what those scores would be. Fifty‐six subjects completed three questionnaires (Morningness‐Eveningness Questionnaire; FIRO‐B; Myers—Briggs Type Indicator MBTI), and then estimated the scores on each dimension (15 in all) for themselves and another person that they knew well. The results showed significant positive correlations on 10 of the 15 dimensions for themselves. The dimensions that they were best at estimating were Morningness‐Eveningness; Extraversion, and Thinking on the MBTI; and Wanted and Expressed Inclusion on the FIRO‐B. Eight correlations reached significance concerning their ability to predict another known person's scores but were lower than for their own estimate‐actual score correlations. Whereas subjects believed that they were like the other person they nominated (12 of the 15 correlations were significantly positive), in actual fact their test derived scores showed only five significant findings, two positive and the others negative. The results are discussed in terms of lay theories of personality and their relationship to personality assessment.
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Alexiou, Eirini, Irma Lindström Kjellberg, and Helle Wijk. "Sustainable implementation of person-centred care in residential care facilities: hindering and supporting factors when improving incontinence care." Nursing and Residential Care 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2021.23.1.5.
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Purpose: The aim of the present study was to focus on the impact of the implementation of a person-centred approach on staff perception of the likelihood of being able to provide person-centred care and strain in the workplace. Design: The study was a controlled prospective cohort study performed at three residential care facilities in western Sweden involving all nursing staff members active from 2013 through 2015 at baseline and at three follow-ups during and after the implementation period. Two of the residential care facilities were assigned to the intervention group and one was assigned to the control group. Method: The study was designed to test the sustainability of a person-centred approach based on three aspects: partnership, narrative and documentation. A cross-section of 20 coworkers were purposively sampled from a total of 100 persons working at the two Intervention nursing homes to participate in the intervention group. The process outcome was measured as: perceived ward atmosphere, using the staff version of the validated Person-Centred Climate Questionnaire; person-centred care, measured using the validated Person-centred Care Assessment Tool; and experience of strain in work, using the Strain in Nursing Care Assessment Scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables using the SPSS Statistics software package. Findings: The results show that, at the control site, there were lower staff perceptions of the care atmosphere, higher level of strain experienced in their work and a lower likelihood of providing a person-centred care approach, whereas these factors remained rather stable over time at the intervention residential care facilities. Two contrasting results were observed—namely, that the higher the staff's perception of the likelihood of being able to provide individualised care and of a more person-centred ward atmosphere, the higher their stress levels experienced at work. In addition, older ages and long durations of work experience significantly negatively affected the staff's assessment of their ability to create an atmosphere of everydayness and to adopt a person-centred approach in care. Conclusions: The findings show that sustainability of a person-centred ward atmosphere is possible in the care of older people, despite staffing problems and other organisational challenges, according to the staff's assessment, after implementation of a person-centred programme. The more experienced staff members assessed their likelihood of being able to provide a person-centred care as lower after the implementation phase, indicating that despite the ambition of supporting person-centredness and quality of care, staffing and management difficulties that are present at the outset of the programme's implementation can later lead to stress and frustration relating to roles and routines.
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Shelly, Robert K., and Murray Webster. "How Formal Status, Liking, and Ability Status Structure Interaction: Three Theoretical Principles and a Test." Sociological Perspectives 40, no. 1 (March 1997): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389494.
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We begin to develop a theory of how multiple social processes structure behavior in informal task groups. Our approach is to treat three bases of social structure—status characteristics, formal position, and sentiment—as state organizing processes, and develop theoretical principles about their combined effects. Literature review suggests three general principles: (1) under specified conditions, status, formal position, and sentiment all structure a group's power and prestige inequality; (2) congruence and incongruence (as defined) among structures will affect their strength as organizing principles; and (3) the number of organizing bases will affect efficiency of the structuring process. We state these principles as foundations for incorporation in formal theories. Finally, we analyze data from 70 three-person discussion groups as a first assessment of the principles' empirical adequacy, report conclusions, and suggest directions for further research.
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Hu, Tao, Xinyan Zhu, Wei Guo, and Kehua Su. "Efficient Interaction Recognition through Positive Action Representation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/795360.
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This paper proposes a novel approach to decompose two-person interaction into a Positive Action and a Negative Action for more efficient behavior recognition. A Positive Action plays the decisive role in a two-person exchange. Thus, interaction recognition can be simplified to Positive Action-based recognition, focusing on an action representation of just one person. Recently, a new depth sensor has become widely available, the Microsoft Kinect camera, which provides RGB-D data with 3D spatial information for quantitative analysis. However, there are few publicly accessible test datasets using this camera, to assess two-person interaction recognition approaches. Therefore, we created a new dataset with six types of complex human interactions (i.e., named K3HI), including kicking, pointing, punching, pushing, exchanging an object, and shaking hands. Three types of features were extracted for each Positive Action: joint, plane, and velocity features. We used continuous Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to evaluate the Positive Action-based interaction recognition method and the traditional two-person interaction recognition approach with our test dataset. Experimental results showed that the proposed recognition technique is more accurate than the traditional method, shortens the sample training time, and therefore achieves comprehensive superiority.
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Pleasant, Michelle L., Victor Molinari, John V. Hobday, Sam Fazio, Nancy Cullen, and Kathryn Hyer. "An evaluation of the CARES® Dementia Basics Program among caregivers." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 1 (October 3, 2016): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001526.
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ABSTRACTBackground:In 2014, the state of Oregon established Oregon Care Partners to provide high quality, free training to all dementia caregivers. This study evaluated participants’ changes in knowledge, sense of competency in dementia caregiving, and ability to identify person-centered caregiving techniques after completing CARES® Dementia Basics online program, one of the educational resources available through this initiative.Methods:A convenience sample of informal and formal caregivers (N = 51) provided data at three points in time; pre-test, post-test, and a follow-up test after an additional 30-day period to determine sustained changes in knowledge, sense of competency, and person-centered care.Results:From pre-test to post-test, modest improvements were detected in sense of competence in performing dementia care (ps < 0.01) and dementia-based knowledge, F(2, 150) = 7.71, p < 0.001, a multivariate effect size of w2 = 0.09. Even though improvements in sense of competency were not universal, three out of five individual items demonstrated positive growth from pre-test to post-test as well as four out of the five items from pre-test to follow-up test. Importantly, gains observed in dementia-based knowledge from pre-test to post-test were largely maintained at the 30-day follow-up. No significant changes were found in the correct identification of person-centered techniques after the training F(5, 150) = 1.63, p = 0.19.Conclusions:Future research should investigate how best to maintain educational interventions within the caregiving environment and to assess subsequent skill change.
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Pluta, Michał, and Witold Kędzierski. "Emotional Responses of Horses to Patients Requiring Therapy." Society & Animals 26, no. 4 (October 5, 2018): 426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341559.
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Abstract Understanding horses’ attitudes toward cooperation with humans has implications for the welfare of both the horses and people involved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the emotional response of therapeutic horses to their contact with patients. The emotional responses, i.e., behavioral measures and heart rate, of six adult hippotherapeutic horses to three groups of people were tested. These groups included six adult patients with psychomotor disables with no earlier experience with horses, seven healthy adults unfamiliar with horses, and eight healthy adults familiar with horses. Two tests were performed (Person Test and Working Test). There were no significant differences between the response of horses to patients and healthy people in the Person Test. The results of the Working Test indicated that horses’ emotional excitability was lower during hippotherapeutic sessions than during riding school sessions. The contact with patients did not involve emotional excitability in therapeutic horses.
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Shay, Erin, and Zygmunt Frajzyngier. "Language-Internal versus Contact-Induced Change: The Split Coding of Person and Number: A Stefan Elders Question." Journal of Language Contact 2, no. 1 (2008): 274–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000008792525336.
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AbstractThe aim of this study is to contribute to the methodology for determining whether a given characteristic of a language is a product of language contact or of language-internal grammaticalization. We have taken as a test problem a formal structure that is relatively rare across languages but that occurs in a few geographically proximate languages belonging to different families. The presence of a typologically rare phenomenon in neighboring but unrelated languages raises the question of whether the structure may be a product of cross-linguistic contact.The structures that we examine involve the split coding of person and number of the subject, in which a pronoun preceding the verb codes person only. Plurality of the subject is coded by a suffix to the verb, usually the same suffix for all persons. In some languages the split coding of person and number operates for all persons, while in others the split coding is limited to some persons only. This structure has been observed in several languages spoken in a small area of Northern Cameroon. Three of these languages, Gidar, Giziga, and Mofu-Gudur, belong to the Central branch of the Chadic family, while two other languages, Mundang and Tupuri, belong to the Adamawa branch of the Niger-Congo family. Outside of this geographical area, this structure has been observed in Egyptian, some Cushitic languages, and in some languages of North America.Since every linguistic phenomenon must have been grammaticalized in some language at some point, we must consider first whether there are language-internal prerequisites for such grammaticalization. For each language of the study, we show that the split coding of person and number may represent a product of language-internal development. The presence of the phenomenon in a language that does not have language-internal prerequisites can then be safely considered to be a product of language contact.
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Strohmer, Douglas C., and David L. Blustein. "The Adult Problem Solver as Person Scientist." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 4, no. 3 (January 1990): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.4.3.281.
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In this paper, we take the position that viewing the adult problem solver as a lay or person scientist provides a useful model for understanding the types of difficulty adults have in problem solving, and suggests a number of useful interventions for dealing with these difficulties. Problems and interventions are reviewed in three areas: making observations, generating tentative solutions (inferences), and testing the utility of these tentative solutions (hypothesis testing). Let us then, instead of occupying ourselves with man, the biological organism, or man, the lucky guy, have a look at man the scientist. Might not the individual man, each in his own personal way, assume more of the stature of a scientist, ever seeking to predict and control the course of events with which he is involved? Would not he have his theories, test his hypotheses, and weigh his experimental evidence? (Kelly, 1955, pp. 5-6).
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Uslan, M. M., L. Russell, and C. Weiner. "A ‘Musical Pathway’ for Spacially Disoriented Blind Residents of a Skilled Nursing Facility." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 82, no. 1 (January 1988): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x8808200108.
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The Auditory Directional System provides a “musical pathway” for blind persons to follow to get to interior destinations in an institutional setting. The system's components are a compact disc player and a network of speakers, infrared “people” detection equipment, and a computer-controlled speaker-sequencing system. To engage the Auditory Directional System, the blind resident pushes a centrally located button for a particular destination. When the person arrives at the first musical cue, infrared sensors detect the person and activate the next speaker. The person's presence continues to activate each subsequent speaker until he or she reaches the final destination. To trigger the detection process, the resident's clothing is equipped with retro-reflective tape This article describes the equipment—its purpose and how it works—and the results of a field test with three residents at a skilled nursing facility.
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Talbot, Karyn F., and Richard H. Haude. "The Relation between Sign Language Skill and Spatial Visualization Ability: Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 3_suppl (December 1993): 1387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.3f.1387.
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The present study was designed to ascertain whether a relationship exists between the experience of an individual in American Sign Language (ASL) and performance on the Mental Rotations Test. 51 women were divided into three groups on the basis of self-reported ASL skill (years of experience). All subjects then completed the Mental Rotations Test, a paper-and-pencil test of spatial ability. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was also administered to examine possible apprehension about evaluation. Significant differences in scores on mental rotations were found, with 18 experienced signers scoring significantly higher than either mean of the two less experienced groups ( ns = 16 and 17). It appears that people experienced in ASL perform better on the Mental Rotations Test. No evidence for a difference in anxiety related to the amount of experience a person had in ASL was found.
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Unanue, Jesús, Xavier Oriol, Juan Carlos Oyanedel, Andrés Rubio, and Wenceslao Unanue. "Gratitude at Work Prospectively Predicts Lower Workplace Materialism: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study in Chile." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 3787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073787.
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Materialism at work refers to a higher importance attached to extrinsic (e.g., money, fame, image) versus intrinsic (self-development, affiliation, community participation) employees’ ‘aspirations’. Research from self-determination theory has consistently found that materialism at work is strongly detrimental for both employees and organizations. For example, materialism is negatively associated with lower job satisfaction and engagement and positively associated with higher turnover intentions and job insecurity. Unfortunately, there are no viable strategies for reducing materialism in the workplace yet. In this sense, based on emergent research in psychology, we theorized that dispositional gratitude—a key construct within the Positive Organizational Psychology field—could be a protecting factor against materialism. Further, we conducted a three-wave longitudinal design among a large sample of Chilean workers (n = 1841) to test, for the first time, the longitudinal link between gratitude and materialism. We used two novel methodologies: A cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) to test between-person changes and a trait-state-occasion model (TSO) to test within-person changes. We found that both the CLPM as well as the TSO models showed that gratitude at work prospectively predicted further lower workplace materialism. Specifically, the CLPM shows that individuals with higher than average gratitude at Ti, are more likely to show lower than average materialism at Ti+1. The TSO shows that individuals with a higher than their usual level of gratitude at Ti are more likely to show a lower than their usual level of materialism at Ti+1. Important implications for materialism research as well as for the Positive Organizational Psychology field are discussed.
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Willingham, T. Bradley, Jonathan Melbourn, Marina Moldavskiy, Kevin K. McCully, and Deborah Backus. "Case Report: Effect of Antigravity Treadmill Training on Muscle Oxidative Capacity, Muscle Endurance, and Walking Function in a Person with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 20, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2017-035.
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Abstract Background: Exercise training can improve skeletal muscle metabolism in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, quantification of exercise-mediated improvements in muscle metabolism has been limited, particularly in people with high levels of disability. We evaluated the effect of 9 weeks of antigravity treadmill training on muscle oxidative capacity and muscle endurance and assessed the relationship to walking function in a person with MS. Methods: One person with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale score, 6.5) performed treadmill training for 24 minutes approximately twice weekly for 9 weeks (16 sessions) using an antigravity treadmill system. Before and after the intervention phase, we measured muscle oxidative capacity in the medial gastrocnemius using near-infrared spectroscopy after 15 to 20 seconds of electrical stimulation; muscle endurance in the medial gastrocnemius using accelerometer-based mechanomyography during 9 minutes of twitch electrical stimulation in three stages (3 minutes per stage) of increasing frequency (2, 4, and 6 Hz); muscle strength (plantarflexion) using a maximal voluntary contraction; and walking function using the Timed 25-Foot Walk test and the 2-Minute Walk Test. Results: Muscle oxidative capacity increased from 0.73 min−1 to 1.08 min−1 (48%). Muscle endurance increased from 75.9% to 84.0% at 2 Hz, from 67.8% to 76.2% at 4 Hz, and from 13.5% to 44.7% at 6 Hz. Maximal voluntary contraction decreased by 0.68 kg (15%), Timed 25-Foot Walk test speed decreased by 0.19 ft/s (20%), and 2-Minute Walk Test distance increased by 65 m (212%). Conclusions: Muscle oxidative capacity and muscle endurance, as well as walking function, improved in a person with MS after training on an antigravity treadmill.
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Hamdy, Freddie C., Jenny L. Donovan, J. Athene Lane, Malcolm Mason, Chris Metcalfe, Peter Holding, Julia Wade, et al. "Active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy in PSA-detected clinically localised prostate cancer: the ProtecT three-arm RCT." Health Technology Assessment 24, no. 37 (August 2020): 1–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta24370.
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Background Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the UK. Prostate-specific antigen testing followed by biopsy leads to overdetection, overtreatment as well as undertreatment of the disease. Evidence of treatment effectiveness has lacked because of the paucity of randomised controlled trials comparing conventional treatments. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of conventional treatments for localised prostate cancer (active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy) in men aged 50–69 years. Design A prospective, multicentre prostate-specific antigen testing programme followed by a randomised trial of treatment, with a comprehensive cohort follow-up. Setting Prostate-specific antigen testing in primary care and treatment in nine urology departments in the UK. Participants Between 2001 and 2009, 228,966 men aged 50–69 years received an invitation to attend an appointment for information about the Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) study and a prostate-specific antigen test; 82,429 men were tested, 2664 were diagnosed with localised prostate cancer, 1643 agreed to randomisation to active monitoring (n = 545), radical prostatectomy (n = 553) or radical radiotherapy (n = 545) and 997 chose a treatment. Interventions The interventions were active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy. Trial primary outcome measure Definite or probable disease-specific mortality at the 10-year median follow-up in randomised participants. Secondary outcome measures Overall mortality, metastases, disease progression, treatment complications, resource utilisation and patient-reported outcomes. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for 17 prostate cancer-specific (p = 0.48) and 169 all-cause (p = 0.87) deaths. Eight men died of prostate cancer in the active monitoring group (1.5 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 3.0); five died of prostate cancer in the radical prostatectomy group (0.9 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 2.2 per 1000 person years) and four died of prostate cancer in the radical radiotherapy group (0.7 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 2.0 per 1000 person years). More men developed metastases in the active monitoring group than in the radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy groups: active monitoring, n = 33 (6.3 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 4.5 to 8.8); radical prostatectomy, n = 13 (2.4 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.2 per 1000 person years); and radical radiotherapy, n = 16 (3.0 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 1.9 to 4.9 per 1000 person-years; p = 0.004). There were higher rates of disease progression in the active monitoring group than in the radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy groups: active monitoring (n = 112; 22.9 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 19.0 to 27.5 per 1000 person years); radical prostatectomy (n = 46; 8.9 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 6.7 to 11.9 per 1000 person-years); and radical radiotherapy (n = 46; 9.0 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval 6.7 to 12.0 per 1000 person years; p < 0.001). Radical prostatectomy had the greatest impact on sexual function/urinary continence and remained worse than radical radiotherapy and active monitoring. Radical radiotherapy’s impact on sexual function was greatest at 6 months, but recovered somewhat in the majority of participants. Sexual and urinary function gradually declined in the active monitoring group. Bowel function was worse with radical radiotherapy at 6 months, but it recovered with the exception of bloody stools. Urinary voiding and nocturia worsened in the radical radiotherapy group at 6 months but recovered. Condition-specific quality-of-life effects mirrored functional changes. No differences in anxiety/depression or generic or cancer-related quality of life were found. At the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year, the probabilities that each arm was the most cost-effective option were 58% (radical radiotherapy), 32% (active monitoring) and 10% (radical prostatectomy). Limitations A single prostate-specific antigen test and transrectal ultrasound biopsies were used. There were very few non-white men in the trial. The majority of men had low- and intermediate-risk disease. Longer follow-up is needed. Conclusions At a median follow-up point of 10 years, prostate cancer-specific mortality was low, irrespective of the assigned treatment. Radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy reduced disease progression and metastases, but with side effects. Further work is needed to follow up participants at a median of 15 years. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN20141297. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 37. See the National Institute for Health Research Journals Library website for further project information.
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Qasim, Zahraa S. "The Effect of Ginkgo biloba Extracts on Candida albicans Isolated from Healthy Persons." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss2pp122-126.
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The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.
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Mao, Yina, Ching-Wen Wang, and Chi-Sum Wong. "Towards a model of the right-hand person." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 37, no. 4 (June 6, 2016): 520–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-08-2014-0153.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a model explaining the roles of right-hand person and the factors contributing to the successful relationship between the top executive and the right-hand person. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth qualitative case studies are conducted. Longitudinal observations, interviews with six right-hand persons and the top executives in three organizations are conducted to test the propositions of the model. Findings – Results indicate that different types of congruence between the top executive and the right-hand person are required when the right-hand person is performing the roles of an implementer and joint decision maker. Research limitations/implications – This study extends the leadership literature by investigating the phenomenon of right-hand person of the top executive, which has seldom been studied systematically or scientifically. It provides insights and serves as a stepping stone for future research in this area. One key limitation is that it is a qualitative study with limited samples under investigation. Practical implications – Practical implications concerning how to build up a successful relationship between the top executive and the right-hand person can be drawn from the proposed model. Insight concerning how to collaborate between the top executive and the right-hand person can be drawn from the in-depth case analyses. Social implications – The phenomenon of right-hand person is not limited to business organizations. The collaboration between the key decision maker and his chief assistant should be applicable to other contexts such as non-government organizations. Originality/value – To the best of the knowledge, this is the first paper that investigates the right-hand person phenomenon in the literature. As the right-hand person of the top executive can have important influence on organizational performance, the study may serve as the stepping stone for further understanding of this important phenomenon.
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Man, Kaiwen, and Jeffrey R. Harring. "Negative Binomial Models for Visual Fixation Counts on Test Items." Educational and Psychological Measurement 79, no. 4 (January 29, 2019): 617–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164418824148.
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With the development of technology-enhanced learning platforms, eye-tracking biometric indicators can be recorded simultaneously with students item responses. In the current study, visual fixation, an essential eye-tracking indicator, is modeled to reflect the degree of test engagement when a test taker solves a set of test questions. Three negative binomial regression models are proposed for modeling visual fixation counts of test takers solving a set of items. These models follow a similar structure to the lognormal response time model and the two-parameter logistic item response model. The proposed modeling structures include individualized latent person parameters reflecting the level of engagement of each test taker and two item parameters indicating the visual attention intensity and discriminating power of each test item. A Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation method is implemented for parameter estimation. Real data are fitted to the three proposed models, and the results are discussed.
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Ryan, Catherine J., Karen M. Vuckovic, Lorna Finnegan, Chang G. Park, Lani Zimmerman, Bunny Pozehl, Paula Schulz, Susan Barnason, and Holli A. DeVon. "Acute Coronary Syndrome Symptom Clusters: Illustration of Results Using Multiple Statistical Methods." Western Journal of Nursing Research 41, no. 7 (January 22, 2019): 1032–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945918822323.
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Researchers have employed various methods to identify symptom clusters in cardiovascular conditions, without identifying rationale. Here, we test clustering techniques and outcomes using a data set from patients with acute coronary syndrome. A total of 474 patients who presented to emergency departments in five United States regions were enrolled. Symptoms were assessed within 15 min of presentation using the validated 13-item ACS Symptom Checklist. Three variable-centered approaches resulted in four-factor solutions. Two of three person-centered approaches resulted in three-cluster solutions. K-means cluster analysis revealed a six-cluster solution but was reduced to three clusters following cluster plot analysis. The number of symptoms and patient characteristics varied within clusters. Based on our findings, we recommend using (a) a variable-centered approach if the research is exploratory, (b) a confirmatory factor analysis if there is a hypothesis about symptom clusters, and (c) a person-centered approach if the aim is to cluster symptoms by individual groups.
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Roysircar, Gargi, Kurt F. Geisinger, and Ashland Thompson. "Haitian Children’s Disaster Trauma: Validation of Pictorial Assessment of Resilience and Vulnerability." Journal of Black Psychology 45, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 269–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798419838126.
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The House-Tree-Person (HTP) drawing test has been culturally adapted for Haitian children and objectively scored for resilience and vulnerability (Roysircar, Colvin, Afolayan, Thompson, & Robertson, 2017). The HTP was used to assess 88 Haitian children’s adjustment to the 2010 earthquake and the continuous trauma of societal inequalities. The study examined the validity of the adapted HTP test and its dimensionality. The study included participant interviews with child self-report measures of self-esteem, as perceived by self, peers, and family; posttraumatic symptoms; and self-concept. All measures were translated and administered in Créole. Analyses included standardized sample scores; descriptive statistics; internal consistency reliability; interscale correlations; a generalizability study showing that there were no differences in HTP scores due to novice or expert raters; and an exploratory factor analysis of HTP scores indicating three factors and accounting for just under 50% of the variance. The three dimensions, HTP Resilience-Vulnerability Integrated, House Feeling Safe, and Person Feeling Unloved, are discussed within the international literature on child disaster trauma assessed pictorially, and within Haitians’ spiritual worldview of suffering and endurance.
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German, J., S. Schonberg, S. Caskie, D. Warburton, C. Falk, and JH Ray. "A test for Fanconi's anemia." Blood 69, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.6.1637.1637.
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Abstract A simple and reliable cytogenetic test for Fanconi's anemia (FA) that is based on the hypersensitivity of FA cells to mitomycin C (MC) is described. Equal volumes of whole blood from a patient in whom the diagnosis of FA is suspected and from a normal person of the opposite sex are co-cultured in phytohemagglutinin-containing medium in the presence and absence of MC. After five days' co-cultivation, 100 quinacrine-stained metaphases from both the MC-containing and the MC- free cultures are examined for the presence of a Y chromosome using fluorescence microscopy. In all bona fide FA patients in whom testing was successful, hypersensitivity to MC was readily demonstrated by the striking deficiency of FA metaphases (0.9% to 14.9%) in the MC- containing co-cultures. In contrast, none of the three patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia and none of the five with undiagnosed conditions reminiscent of FA exhibited hypersensitivity to MC; cells from them, from parents of FA patients, and from several normal laboratory personnel constituted approximately half of the metaphases (40.4% to 71.2%) of MC-containing co-cultures, as would be expected in the absence of hypersensitivity to MC.
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German, J., S. Schonberg, S. Caskie, D. Warburton, C. Falk, and JH Ray. "A test for Fanconi's anemia." Blood 69, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.6.1637.bloodjournal6961637.
Full textAbstract:
A simple and reliable cytogenetic test for Fanconi's anemia (FA) that is based on the hypersensitivity of FA cells to mitomycin C (MC) is described. Equal volumes of whole blood from a patient in whom the diagnosis of FA is suspected and from a normal person of the opposite sex are co-cultured in phytohemagglutinin-containing medium in the presence and absence of MC. After five days' co-cultivation, 100 quinacrine-stained metaphases from both the MC-containing and the MC- free cultures are examined for the presence of a Y chromosome using fluorescence microscopy. In all bona fide FA patients in whom testing was successful, hypersensitivity to MC was readily demonstrated by the striking deficiency of FA metaphases (0.9% to 14.9%) in the MC- containing co-cultures. In contrast, none of the three patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia and none of the five with undiagnosed conditions reminiscent of FA exhibited hypersensitivity to MC; cells from them, from parents of FA patients, and from several normal laboratory personnel constituted approximately half of the metaphases (40.4% to 71.2%) of MC-containing co-cultures, as would be expected in the absence of hypersensitivity to MC.
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Manukyan, V. R., I. R. Murtazina, and N. V. Grishina. "Questionnaire for Assessing the Self-Change Potential of a Person." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 28, no. 4 (2020): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2020280403.
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The paper presents the development of the Self-Change Potential questionnaire. The validation of the questionnaire was conducted in three steps. Within the first series of studies (N=248) the structure of the questionnaire was defined, the consistency of the resulting scales was checked and certain items were corrected. The construct validity of the modified version of the questionnaire was tested within the second series of studies (N=569). At the final stage (N=36) test-retest reliability was checked. The obtained Cronbach’s α coefficients (0,64—0,8) for all scales of the questionnaire and the sum score demonstrated its satisfactory consistency. All items had significant correlations with the sum score (р<0,0001). To test the construct validity we used the Change Response Styles Questionnaire, the Portrait Value Questionnaire (revised version), the Style of Conscious Self-Regulation of the Behavior Questionnaire, and the Self-Efficacy Scale. Correlations with these measures confirmed the construct validity of the questionnaire. The Self-Change Potential Questionnaire can be used for assessing a person’s ability for self-changes on the various levels of mental organization, which could be consciously initiated and actualized.
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Gazali, Novri, and Romi Cendra. "Short Badminton Service Construction Test in Universitas Islam Riau Penjaskesrek Students." Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport 6, no. 1 (August 11, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpehs.v6i1.19823.
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This research aims to develop or modify form test instrument servicing existing badminton short then made a slight improvement in accordance with BWF badminton latest applied. This research method using the methods of research and development or research and development. Research and development instrument validation using validation of content performed by some of the experts (experts judgment) which make a person test and measurement experts and two experts in the sport of badminton. Based on the results of the analysis of the evaluation of the test instrument expert servicing three short badminton declared valid and reliability, so that it can be used as research for students of Penjaskesrek Universitas Islam Riau.
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Cai, Le, Gerd Ahlström, Pingfen Tang, Ke Ma, David Edvardsson, Lina Behm, Haiyan Fu, Jie Zhang, and Jiqun Yang. "Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Person-centred Climate Questionnaire - Staff version (PCQ-S)." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e017250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017250.
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ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Chinese translation of the English version of the Person-centred Climate Questionnaire – Staff version (PCQ-S) for Chinese palliative care staff in a hospital context.DesignThis was a cross-sectional design. The 14-item English PCQ-S was translated and backtranslated using established procedures. Construct validity and reliability including internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed among hospital staff. Construct validity was tested using principal component analysis (PCA), internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliability was evaluated with the weighted kappa (Kp), Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).SettingThis study was conducted in three hospitals in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province in south-west China.ParticipantsA sample of hospital staff (n=163) on duty in the palliative care departments of three hospitals in Kunming consented to participate in the study.ResultsThe 14-item Chinese PCQ-S consists of the three subscales also present in other language versions. It showed strong internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94 for the total scale, 0.87 for the safety subscale, 0.90 for the everydayness subscale and 0.88 for the community subscale. The Chinese PCQ-S had high test-retest reliability as evidenced by a high Kp coefficient and a high correlation coefficient for all scales between test and retest scores, on ‘a climate of safety’ (Kp=0.77, r=0.88, p<0.01), ‘a climate of everydayness’ (Kp=0.82, r=0.91, p<0.01), ‘a climate of community’ (Kp=0.75, r=0.79, p<0.01), and on overall scale scores (Kp=0.85, r=0.93, p<0.01). The ICC to evaluate the test-retest reliability was 0.97 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.98).ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the PCQ-S showed satisfactory reliability and validity for assessing staff perceptions of person-centred care in Chinese hospital environments.
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Oshima-Takane, Yuriko. "Analysis of pronominal errors: a case-study." Journal of Child Language 19, no. 1 (February 1992): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900013659.
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ABSTRACTThe present paper reports a case-study of a normally developing boy who made pronominal errors for about ten months. Comprehension and production of first- and second-person pronouns were longitudinally examined from 1; 7 to 2; 10 to test three hypotheses concerning pronominal errors: pronominal errors are a result of either (a) semantic confusion, (b) simple imitation, or (c) confusion between self and others. The results showed that the child began using first- and second-person pronouns at about 1; 8 and mastered the correct usage by 2; 10. Consistent errors for the first- and the second-person pronouns were observed from 1; 11 to 2; 4, but proportions of errors occurring in his imitative language were low. The comprehension and production data clearly indicated that the child persistently made pronominal errors due to semantic confusion. That is, first-person pronouns referred to a person with whom the child conversed and second-person pronouns referred to himself.
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Wendelberg, Linda. "An Ontological Framework to Facilitate Early Detection of ‘Radicalization’ (OFEDR)—A Three World Perspective." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7030060.
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This paper presents an ontology that involves using information from various sources from different disciplines and combining it in order to predict whether a given person is in a radicalization process. The purpose of the ontology is to improve the early detection of radicalization in persons, thereby contributing to increasing the extent to which the unwanted escalation of radicalization processes can be prevented. The ontology combines findings related to existential anxiety that are related to political radicalization with well-known criminal profiles or radicalization findings. The software Protégé, delivered by the technical field at Stanford University, including the SPARQL tab, is used to develop and test the ontology. The testing, which involved five models, showed that the ontology could detect individuals according to “risk profiles” for subjects based on existential anxiety. SPARQL queries showed an average detection probability of 5% including only a risk population and 2% on a whole test population. Testing by using machine learning algorithms proved that inclusion of less than four variables in each model produced unreliable results. This suggest that the Ontology Framework to Facilitate Early Detection of ‘Radicalization’ (OFEDR) ontology risk model should consist of at least four variables to reach a certain level of reliability. Analysis shows that use of a probability based on an estimated risk of terrorism may produce a gap between the number of subjects who actually have early signs of radicalization and those found by using probability estimates for extremely rare events. It is reasoned that an ontology exists as a world three object in the real world.
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Boichenko, Mykhailo. "SOCIAL THEORIES AND DISCURSIVE AND NON-DISCURSIVE SOCIAL PRACTICES: AN EDUCATIONAL TEST." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 5 (December 4, 2020): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2020.05.023.
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The article is devoted to identifying the potential of using the results of the study of non-discursive social practices to understand the behavioral basis for the possible practical use of social theories. The example of the field of education focuses on the distinction between cognitive, affective and psychomotor dimensions of social communication. Assumptions have been made about the underestimation of the affective, and especially the psychomotor realm, to identify the resource and limits of discursive practices. Classical studies in educational psychology, primarily the works of Benjamin Bloom, David Krathwohl, Anita Harrow and their followers, are involved in philosophical analysis as its object. Educational practices are bodily practices no less than discursive ones. However, it is impossible to reduce these practices to the entering either to the self-sufficient universe of the text or into the self-sufficient universe of the body. The realm of the emotional serves as a link between the bodily and the cognitive, and applying to the emotional experience of values can be the best way to consolidate both bodily and cognitive practices. One of the important conclusions is the recognition not only of the relative autonomy of the cognitive, affective and psychomotor realms in the theoretical aspect, but also the identification of their practical interdependence. The sphere of education appears as a model for observing how a person masters the levels and, parallel and mutually determined, dimensions of the pyramids of the development of personal abilities. Achieving perfection by a person in one dimension is impossible without the simultaneous development of his abilities in the other two. Discourse appears for the person as a situation in which he/she experiences the integral result of the development of his/her abilities in all three dimensions — cognitive, affective and psychomotor.
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Reyes-García, Victoria, Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares, Maximilien Guèze, and Sandrine Gallois. "Does Weather Forecasting Relate to Foraging Productivity? An Empirical Test among Three Hunter-Gatherer Societies." Weather, Climate, and Society 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0064.1.
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Abstract Previous research has studied the association between ethnoclimatological knowledge and decision-making in agriculture and pastoral activities but has paid scant attention to how ethnoclimatological knowledge might affect hunting and gathering, an important economic activity for many rural populations. The work presented here tests whether people who can forecast temperature and rain display higher hunting and gathering returns (measured as kilograms per hour for hunting and cash equivalent for gathering). Data were collected among three indigenous, small-scale, subsistence-based societies largely dependent on hunting and gathering for their livelihoods: the Tsimane’ (Amazonia, n = 107), the Baka (Congo basin, n = 164), and the Punan Tubu (Borneo, n = 103).The ability to forecast rainfall and temperature varied from one society to another, but the average consistency between people’s 1-day rainfall and temperature forecasts and instrumental measurements was low. This study found a statistically significant positive association between consistency in forecasting rain and the probability that a person engaged in hunting. Conversely, neither consistency in forecasting rain nor consistency in forecasting temperature were associated in a statistically significant way with actual returns to hunting or gathering activities. The authors discuss methodological limitations of the approach, suggesting improvements for future work. This study concludes that, other than methodological issues, the lack of strong associations might be partly explained by the fact that an important characteristic of local knowledge systems, including ethnoclimatological knowledge, is that they are widely socialized and shared.
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Liu, Tour, Tian Lan, and Tao Xin. "Detecting Random Responses in a Personality Scale Using IRT-Based Person-Fit Indices." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, no. 1 (January 2019): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000369.
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Abstract. Random response is a very common aberrant response behavior in personality tests and may negatively affect the reliability, validity, or other analytical aspects of psychological assessment. Typically, researchers use a single person-fit index to identify random responses. This study recommends a three-step person-fit analysis procedure. Unlike the typical single person-fit methods, the three-step procedure identifies both global misfit and local misfit individuals using different person-fit indices. This procedure was able to identify more local misfit individuals than single-index method, and a graphical method was used to visualize those particular items in which random response behaviors appear. This method may be useful to researchers in that it will provide them with more information about response behaviors, allowing better evaluation of scale administration and development of more plausible explanations. Real data were used in this study instead of simulation data. In order to create real random responses, an experimental test administration was designed. Four different random response samples were produced using this experimental system.
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Killeen, Johanne, and Michael McCarrey. "Relations of Altruistic versus Competitive Values, Course of Study, and Behavioral Intentions to Help or Compete." Psychological Reports 59, no. 2 (October 1986): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.895.
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Three altruistic and three competitive instrumental values from the Rokeach Survey of Values were rank ordered by 253 undergraduate students. On a separate occasion they also responded to an invitation from a different person to volunteer for either an altruistic or a competitive task involving 10 to 20 hours of their time. Value orientation was significantly related to course of study as 60% of the Business Students espoused the predominantly individual/competitive value orientation, while 74% of the Nursing students espoused the predominant social altruistic value orientation. The Fisher exact test of the behavioral intention to volunteer indicated a significant congruency between the type of instrumental values the person reported and the kind of activity chosen.
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Aydin, Orhan, and Denīz N. Şahīn. "THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF REWARD ALLOCATION ON FUTURE WORK PARTNER PREFERENCES: AN INDIRECT TEST OF THE SELF-INTEREST VIEW." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 31, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.2.133.
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This study explored the effects of the equality and equity principles of reward allocation on future work partner choices. For this purpose, the member who performed either the best or the worst in a three-person group was asked to rate the degree to which she would prefer to work with each of the two other group members in the near future; one of the two others offered to divide the earned scores equally while the remaining group member suggested allocating the scores equitably. The results indicated that the participants preferred the person who had made an offer which was to their advantage. As a future workmate, best performers preferred the one who proposed to allocate proportionately while the worst performers chose the one who offered to distribute evenhandedly.
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Zhe, Yang, Jin Longzhe, and Wang Shu. "Study and Analysis of Human Survival Parameters in Mine Refuge Station." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (September 10, 2015): 650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010650.
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In order to study life support key techniques in mine refuge station, test the clinical emergency response of participants and human survival parameters in rescue state. A manned test with 50 miners for 48h in a real underground refuge station was conducted in Guilaizhuang gold mine. The experiment simulated rescue living environment of human and consisted of three stages (the passive stage, the compressed air supplying stage, and the compressed O supplying stage). By monitoring environmental concentrations of O2, CO2, temperature, relative humidity, and human activity states during the test, the O2 consumption, CO2 production and respiration quotient was obtained and analysed in different activities, time quantum and O2 concentration. On the basis, the minimum air supply volumes for the survival of test personnel were determined. That is 0.067m/min per person and is far lower than the national standard 0.3m/min per person. During the test, no people experienced discomfort by health check and questionnaire. It is expected that the conclusions provide an important reference for the design of underground refuge stations and mine emergency rescue.
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Bani Ata, Zaid S. "Aberrant Response Patterns on the Jordanian Version of Otis–Lennon Test and their Impact on the Accuracy of Estimating a Person's Ability and Information Function." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol13iss1pp27-45.
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This study aimed at investigating the aberrant response patterns and their impacts on the Jordanian version Otis- Lennon as well as the accuracy in the estimation of a person's' ability and information function test. To achieve this goal, the Jordanian version of the Ability Test primary II level form K was administrated to 568 first-grade male and female students of Ajloun district public schools during 2016/2017. The Lz person fit index and the three-parameter logistic model were used to analyze students' responses to test items to assess the person ability, information function test, and to detect aberrant response patterns. The results revealed that the response patterns of 56 students were aberrant based on Lz index; also the results showed that the factors responsible for the presence of this aberrant response were: guessing, cheating, laziness, and exponential creatively. The results indicated that when the aberrant patterns were excluded, both the accuracy person's estimating ability and the information function test had significantly increased at different ability levels.
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Száz, Dénes, Alexandra Farkas, András Barta, Balázs Kretzer, Ádám Egri, and Gábor Horváth. "North error estimation based on solar elevation errors in the third step of sky-polarimetric Viking navigation." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2191 (July 2016): 20160171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0171.
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The theory of sky-polarimetric Viking navigation has been widely accepted for decades without any information about the accuracy of this method. Previously, we have measured the accuracy of the first and second steps of this navigation method in psychophysical laboratory and planetarium experiments. Now, we have tested the accuracy of the third step in a planetarium experiment, assuming that the first and second steps are errorless. Using the fists of their outstretched arms, 10 test persons had to estimate the elevation angles (measured in numbers of fists and fingers) of black dots (representing the position of the occluded Sun) projected onto the planetarium dome. The test persons performed 2400 elevation estimations, 48% of which were more accurate than ±1°. We selected three test persons with the (i) largest and (ii) smallest elevation errors and (iii) highest standard deviation of the elevation error. From the errors of these three persons, we calculated their error function, from which the North errors (the angles with which they deviated from the geographical North) were determined for summer solstice and spring equinox, two specific dates of the Viking sailing period. The range of possible North errors Δ ω N was the lowest and highest at low and high solar elevations, respectively. At high elevations, the maximal Δ ω N was 35.6° and 73.7° at summer solstice and 23.8° and 43.9° at spring equinox for the best and worst test person (navigator), respectively. Thus, the best navigator was twice as good as the worst one. At solstice and equinox, high elevations occur the most frequently during the day, thus high North errors could occur more frequently than expected before. According to our findings, the ideal periods for sky-polarimetric Viking navigation are immediately after sunrise and before sunset, because the North errors are the lowest at low solar elevations.
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Lukács, Gáspár, and Ulrich Ansorge. "The mechanism of filler items in the response time concealed information test." Psychological Research 85, no. 7 (January 15, 2021): 2808–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01432-y.
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AbstractThe response time concealed information test (RT-CIT) can reveal that a person recognizes a relevant (probe) item among other, irrelevant items, based on slower responding to the probe compared to the irrelevant items. Therefore, if this person is concealing the knowledge about the relevance of this item (e.g., recognizing it as a murder weapon), this deception can be unveiled. Adding familiarity-related filler items to the task has been shown to substantially increase the validity of the method, but assumptions for this effect have never been tested before. In the present series of three experiments (N = 511), we tested several factors, most of which were found to indeed influence the enhancing effects of fillers. First, larger enhancement is achieved when a smaller proportion of fillers shares the response key with the target. Second, familiarity context does play a role in the enhancement, and the target sharing its response key with the familiarity-referring fillers leads to larger enhancement. Third, mere symbolic fillers (such as simple arrow-like characters) also lead to enhancement, but filler words without task-relevant meaning are not effective. Fourth, small visual differences (lettercase or underlining) between fillers and the rest of the items have no significant influence. All this provides justification for the original structure of the fillers and also demonstrates that the enhancement is highly generalizable: Fillers have a potential to improve the RT-CIT regardless of deception scenario, item types, or the examinee's language comprehension.
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Urban, Julie M., Clint A. Bowers, Ben B. Morgan, and Nalini Maniam. "The Effects of Workload and Uncertainty on Team Development." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 18 (October 1994): 1234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801820.
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Two studies were performed that attempted to test and extend the team development theory of “punctuated equilibrium” proposed by Gersick (1988). In the first study, twelve five-person teams performed a resource allocation task, either under low or high workload. In the second study, twelve three-person teams performed an adapted version of this resource allocation task under either certain or uncertain task conditions. Various aspects of performance were assessed. The results of these studies support Gersick's contention that teams do go through one marked period of transition. However, this transition does not necessarily occur in the midpoint of the team's life cycle.
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PINE, JULIAN M., GINA CONTI-RAMSDEN, KATE L. JOSEPH, ELENA V. M. LIEVEN, and LUDOVICA SERRATRICE. "Tense over time: testing the Agreement/Tense Omission Model as an account of the pattern of tense-marking provision in early child English." Journal of Child Language 35, no. 1 (January 3, 2008): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000907008252.
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ABSTRACTThe Agreement/Tense Omission Model (ATOM) predicts that English-speaking children will show similar patterns of provision across different tense-marking morphemes (Rice, Wexler & Hershberger, 1998). The aim of the present study was to test this prediction by examining provision rates for third person singular present tense and first and third person singular forms of copula BE and auxiliary BE in longitudinal data from eleven English-speaking children between the ages of 1 ; 10 and 3 ; 0. The results show, first, that there were systematic differences in the provision rates of the different morphemes; second, that there were systematic differences in the rate at which all of the three morphemes were provided with pronominal and lexical subjects; and, third, that there were systematic differences in the rate at which copula BE and auxiliary BE were provided with the third person singular pronominal subjects It and He and the first person singular subject pronoun I. These results replicate those of Wilson (2003), while controlling for some possible objections to Wilson's analysis. They thus provide further evidence against the generativist view that children's rates of provision of different tense-marking morphemes are determined by a single underlying factor, and are consistent with the constructivist view that children's rates of provision reflect the gradual accumulation of knowledge about tense marking, with much of children's early knowledge being embedded in lexically specific constructions.